CN112493374A - 一种鱇浪白鱼膨化漂浮配合饲料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种鱇浪白鱼膨化漂浮配合饲料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种鱇浪白鱼膨化漂浮配合饲料及其制备方法，属于水产养殖技术领域，其组成和重量百分比为：秘鲁鱼粉12～21％，蚕蛹粉7～9％，虾粉12～14％，猪血粉6～7％，豆饼粉12～14％，菜籽饼粉7～9％，三级面粉12～15％，小麦麸11～16％，细米糠9～13％，鱼油1～2％，磷酸二氢钙1.0～2.0％，35％Vc磷酸酯0.05～0.1％，50％氯化胆碱0.2～0.3％，水产专用复合预混料0.5～1.0％，惠尔C(90％)0.1～0.3％。本发明通过严格的原料筛选及创新的制备方法，将饲料加工成粒径为1.00mm的膨化漂浮颗粒饲料，具有适口性好，利用效率高，对水体污染小等的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于饲料领域，尤其涉及一种鱇浪白鱼膨化漂浮配合饲料及其制备方法。
背景技术
鱇浪白鱼(Anabarilius grahami)隶属于鲤科、鲌亚科、白鱼属，为云南抚仙湖特有的土著鱼类，其个体小，成鱼体重为10—30g，但其种群数量大，历史上产量曾占抚仙湖总渔产量的70％—80％。近年来鱇浪白鱼种群数量急剧下降，资源濒临枯竭，鱇浪白鱼被列为云南六大名鱼之一，是云南省重点保护的水生野生动物。目前人工繁殖已成功，并且每年均有很大数量的人工养殖苗种放流到抚仙湖适宜的水域，种群数量逐步增加。其具有肉质优良、味道鲜美、经济价值高等优点，深受养殖户和消费者的青睐。
以前，鱇浪白鱼的市场供应主要靠抚仙湖开海捕捞，由于过度捕捞导致该资源濒临枯竭。同时，随着市场需求量的扩大，鱇浪白鱼人工养殖的规模化、产业化是一个重大的科研课题，如何通过较好的配合饲料进行养殖生产从而取得更高的产量成为亟待解决的问题。
鱇浪白鱼的人工养殖近几年呈现迅猛发展的趋势，但是由于其生长速度慢，养殖周期长，关于其蛋白质、脂肪、氨基酸、微量元素等营养需求的研究较少，获得的实验数据参考性不强，从而对该鱼类大面积鱼塘养殖生产仍效果不佳；同时，相关饲料企业在配制人工饲料时，普遍借鉴常规肉食性鱼类的饲料配方生产饲料，造成饲料适口性差，饲料浪费量大，严重污染水质，且养殖效果不理想。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提供一种鱇浪白鱼膨化漂浮配合饲料及其制备方法，以解决背景技术中存在的鱇浪白鱼的人工养殖饲料适口性差，饲料浪费量大的问题。
为达到以上目的，本发明提供了以下技术方案：
一种鱇浪白鱼膨化漂浮配合饲料，以风干原料质量百分比计，由以下组分组成：秘鲁鱼粉12～21％，蚕蛹粉7～9％，虾粉12～14％，猪血粉6～7％，豆饼粉12～14％，菜籽饼粉7～9％，三级面粉12～15％，小麦麸11～16％，细米糠9～13％，鱼油1～2％，磷酸二氢钙1.0～2.0％，35％Vc磷酸酯0.05～0.1％，50％氯化胆碱0.2～0.3％，水产专用复合预混料0.5～1.0％，惠尔C(90％)0.1～0.3％。
进一步地，本发明提供了一种鱇浪白鱼膨化漂浮配合饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：将权利要求1中所述的原料按照比例粉碎过1.5mm筛后混合；
S2：混合后的原料经两次超微粉碎后过80目筛，然后调质膨化成形为漂浮饲料；
S3：当漂浮饲料达到比重为400克/升后，进行烘干，烘干后喷涂油脂，冷却、筛分、打包获得最终产品。
进一步地，本发明提供了一种鱇浪白鱼膨化漂浮配合饲料的使用方法，使用时，将饲料投用于规格10g以上鱼种至成鱼养殖阶段。
与普通饲料相比，本发明的显著效果在于：
1、本发明在研究了鱇浪白鱼对维生素，矿物质，以及赖氨酸、蛋氨酸等需求之后，得出此鱇浪白鱼专用饲料能更好地满足鱇浪白鱼的营养需求，生长需求。
2、相对于天然饵料，如藻类等，鱇浪白鱼摄食该饲料后，消化吸收率提高，氮磷排放量降低；饲料在水中稳定性更强，且不易溃散，利用率高。由此，鱇浪白鱼肉质品质得到提高，水质污染小。
3、本发明通过严格的原料筛选及创新的制备方法，将饲料加工成粒径为1.00mm的膨化漂浮颗粒饲料，具有适口性好，利用效率高，对水体污染小等的特点。其针对性强，特别适用于鱇浪白鱼鱼种到成鱼阶段的养殖投喂。该配方具备营养均衡、全面，增强了鱼种的免疫力、抗病力和抗应激能力。饲料在充分保证了鱇浪白鱼生长发育所需营养的同时，使鱇浪白鱼达到快速、健康生长的效果。同时制备过程中最大限度地保护营养物质不被高温所破坏，且制备产品成本低，效率高，质量稳定，贮存方便，无不良反应。
具体实施方式
通过以下实施例可以更好地理解本发明，但不能理解为限制本发明。以下实施例中所用的耗材，如无特殊说明，均为常规材料；所述实验方法，如无特殊说明，均为常规方法，所述百分比，无特殊说明均为质量百分比。
实施例1
一种鱇浪白鱼膨化漂浮配合饲料，适用于规格10g以上鱼种至成鱼养殖阶段，以风干原料质量百分比计，由表1的组分组成：
表1
| 原料 | 重量百分比 |
| 秘鲁鱼粉 | 12％ |
| 蚕蛹粉 | 7％ |
| 虾粉 | 12％ |
| 猪血粉 | 7％ |
| 豆饼粉 | 12％ |
| 菜籽饼粉 | 9％ |
| 三级面粉 | 13％ |
| 小麦麸 | 12％ |
| 细米糠 | 11％ |
| 鱼油 | 2％ |
| 磷酸二氢钙 | 1.35％ |
| 35％Vc磷酸酯 | 0.05％ |
| 50％氯化胆碱 | 0.30％ |
| 水产专用复合预混料 | 1.00％ |
| 惠尔C(90％) | 0.30％ |
| 合计 | 100.00％ |
一种鱇浪白鱼膨化漂浮配合饲料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：将权利要求1中所述的原料按照比例粉碎过1.5mm筛后混合；
S2：混合后的原料经两次超微粉碎后过80目筛，然后调质膨化成形为漂浮饲料；
S3：当漂浮饲料达到比重为400克/升后，进行烘干，烘干后喷涂油脂，冷却、筛分、打包获得最终产品。
实施例2
一种鱇浪白鱼膨化漂浮配合饲料，适用于规格10g以上鱼种至成鱼养殖阶段，以风干原料质量百分比计，由表2组分组成：
表2
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
一种鱇浪白鱼膨化漂浮配合饲料，适用于规格10g以上鱼种至成鱼养殖阶段，以风干原料质量百分比计，由表3组分组成：
表3
| 原料 | 重量百分比 |
| 秘鲁鱼粉 | 12％ |
| 蚕蛹粉 | 9％ |
| 虾粉 | 14％ |
| 猪血粉 | 6％ |
| 豆饼粉 | 13％ |
| 菜籽饼粉 | 7％ |
| 三级面粉 | 15％ |
| 小麦麸 | 11％ |
| 细米糠 | 9％ |
| 鱼油 | 1％ |
| 磷酸二氢钙 | 2.00％ |
| 35％Vc磷酸酯 | 0.05％ |
| 50％氯化胆碱 | 0.25％ |
| 水产专用复合预混料 | 0.50％ |
| 惠尔C(90％) | 0.20％ |
| 合计 | 100％ |
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例4
一种鱇浪白鱼膨化漂浮配合饲料，适用于规格10g以上鱼种至成鱼养殖阶段，以风干原料质量百分比计，由表4组分组成：
表4
| 原料 | 重量百分比 |
| 秘鲁鱼粉 | 15％ |
| 蚕蛹粉 | 7％ |
| 虾粉 | 12％ |
| 猪血粉 | 6％ |
| 豆饼粉 | 12％ |
| 菜籽饼粉 | 7％ |
| 三级面粉 | 12％ |
| 小麦麸 | 16％ |
| 细米糠 | 9％ |
| 鱼油 | 1.50％ |
| 磷酸二氢钙 | 1.50％ |
| 35％Vc磷酸酯 | 0.10％ |
| 50％氯化胆碱 | 0.20％ |
| 水产专用复合预混料 | 1.00％ |
| 惠尔C(90％) | 0.10％ |
| 合计 | 100％ |
制备方法同实施例1。
实施例5
一种鱇浪白鱼膨化漂浮配合饲料，适用于规格10g以上鱼种至成鱼养殖阶段，以风干原料质量百分比计，由表5组分组成：
表5
制备方法同实施例1。
本发明饲料效果检测：
养殖实验在宜良县马街镇马家冲云南茂湾水产养殖有限责任公司鱇浪白鱼养殖基地进行，鱼苗为本公司自己的二龄鱼种。2207条试验鱼(10.01±0.2g)被随机分入6个试验鱼塘(8m×4m×1.3m，长×宽×深)，有盖网，以防逃逸和水鸟捕食。按照实施例1-5制备的饲料，以及空白投入普通饲料(请确认空白组，可指出用哪里购买的饲料做对比投喂)，三个网箱一组被随机分配到六种饮食处理组。在8周的饲养期内，每天人工投饵两次，同时记录好饲料投喂量，称重记录生长情况、观察记录鱼的健康状况及环境变化等，在实验过程中，温度15℃～25℃，pH值7.8～8.1，氨氮低于0.05mg L-1，盐度31～33gL-1，溶解氧5.2～6mgL-1。养殖记录数据如表6所示：
表6不同饲料喂养下鱇浪白鱼成鱼生长情况
以上试验结果表明：本发明充分考虑了鱇浪白鱼由幼苗养殖为商品鱼阶段的生活习性、营养需要和消化特点，合理制定鱇浪白鱼配合饲料中蛋白质、脂肪、碳水化合物、矿物质和维生素水平，选用鱇浪白鱼易消化吸收的常规饲料原料进行合理配伍，满足鱇浪白鱼人工养殖条件下的营养需要；饲料适口性好；饲料利用率高，对水体污染小；该配合饲料所用的原料来源稳定、价格低廉，适用于鱇浪白鱼大规模饲养。
本发明通过实施例进行说明的内容，在不脱离本发明范围的情况下，还可以对本发明专利进行各种变换及等同代替，因此，本发明专利不局限于所公开的具体实施过程，而应当包括落入本发明专利权利要求范围内的全部实施方案。
Claims (3)
1.一种鱇浪白鱼膨化漂浮配合饲料，其特征在于，以风干原料质量百分比计，由以下组分组成：秘鲁鱼粉12～21％，蚕蛹粉7～9％，虾粉12～14％，猪血粉6～7％，豆饼粉12～14％，菜籽饼粉7～9％，三级面粉12～15％，小麦麸11～16％，细米糠9～13％，鱼油1～2％，磷酸二氢钙1.0～2.0％，35％Vc磷酸酯0.05～0.1％，50％氯化胆碱0.2～0.3％，水产专用复合预混料0.5～1.0％，惠尔C(90％)0.1～0.3％。
2.一种鱇浪白鱼膨化漂浮配合饲料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1：将权利要求1中所述的原料按照比例粉碎过1.5mm筛后混合；
S2：混合后的原料经两次超微粉碎后过80目筛，然后用水调质膨化成形为漂浮饲料；
S3：当漂浮饲料达到比重为400克/升后，进行烘干，烘干后喷涂油脂，冷却、筛分、打包获得鱇浪白鱼膨化漂浮配合饲料。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的鱇浪白鱼膨化漂浮配合饲料的使用方法，其特征在于，投用于规格10g以上鱼种至成鱼养殖阶段。
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