CN112493050A - Biological control method for myrica rubra meat onion disease - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a biological control method for myrica rubra allium disease, which is characterized in that lemongrass and lavender are interplanted in a myrica rubra orchard, volatile smells of leaves of the lemongrass and the lavender are utilized to expel myrica rubra gallmidges during the growth period of myrica rubra fruits, meanwhile, lemongrass are harvested to squeeze juice in a season with high disease, the filtered juice is sprayed on the surfaces of the fruits by a sprayer, the lemongrass smell is utilized to expel the gallmidges, the eggs are prevented from being laid on the young fruits of the myrica rubra, the larvae are prevented from being hatched, the occurrence of the myrica rubra allium disease is prevented, and the insect population base number is reduced by naturally emitting smells and galls by the lem. The method has a control effect on the myrica rubra meat onion disease caused by gall midge, and does not aim at orchards with similar case symptoms caused by other reasons. The method is simple to operate, easy to implement and low in popularization cost, has a repelling effect on fruit flies and other pests, realizes internal circulation and green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, and realizes green and safe production of waxberry fruits.

Description

Biological control method for myrica rubra meat onion disease

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural production, and particularly relates to a biological control method for a red bayberry flesh onion disease.

Background

The waxberry is a famous special fruit tree in China and has a long cultivation history. The waxberry has rich nutrition and medicinal value, and contains rich saccharide, fruit acid, citric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, protein, fat, iron, calcium, phosphorus and various vitamin nutrient components. Mainly distributed in China east China, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian and other areas. At present, the production area of the red bayberries in China reaches more than 500 ten thousand mu, wherein nearly 150 ten thousand mu in Zhejiang province is the fruit variety with the highest Zhejiang yield value.

The myrica rubra pulp onion disease is also called as myrica rubra pulp necrosis disease, pulp shrinkage disease, myrica rubra fruit cracking disease and the like, in the disease attack process, a few pulp pillars are separated from seed kernels and protrude outwards in the development process, the color of the ripe pulp pillars becomes brown or light brown, the shape is dry and flat, the damaged myrica rubra fruits lose commodity value, the quality yield is seriously influenced, and the morbidity of the myrica rubra Dongkui is high. According to a standing report of Yongdingcounty in a myrica rubra production area of West Min in 2007, the incidence rate of the plant in an orchard with serious myrica rubra pilaris necrosis disease is nearly 80%, the incidence rate of the fruit is not less than 50%, the disease is widely checked by a fruit tree station in an agricultural hall of Fujian province, the disease is found to be a light early-maturing variety, a serious late-maturing variety, the fruit damage rate of the late-maturing variety is 2-3 times that of the early-maturing variety, and the disease becomes one of important diseases for producing harmful myrica rubra.

The disease is considered as a physiological disease by many experts, and needs to maintain intermediate tree vigor and apply more organic fertilizer and trace elements, but production practices show that the prevention and treatment effect of the measure is effective on part of orchards, and the effect of part of orchards is not obvious.

Based on years of investigation and previous research conclusions, the researches of Xiwenlong, Hanqing and the like prove that the red bayberry fruit gall midge which is a disease of red bayberry pillar necrosis disease and is generated in some orchards is harmful through a grafting infection test and a stereoscopic dissection mirror observation of a diseased fruit. The detailed data are shown in the preliminary research on the causes of the myrica rubra pulp necrosis disease in the 1 st stage of 2013 of Fujian fruit trees.

Biological control means biological control of pests such as diseases, cordyceps sinensis and the like or biological control method of plant protection; specifically, biological control is a method of controlling the population of harmful animals and plants or reducing the degree of harm by using organisms or their metabolites. Lavender is also called perfume plant, and the leaf shape and the flower color of the lavender are elegant and elegant, and are one of garden ornamental flowers. The lavender fragrance contains a specific substance, which is very unpleasant to mosquitoes and can repel mosquitoes, and which also inhibits or kills bacteria and viruses. The lavender can be eaten besides being enjoyed, is called 'Baicao king' in many places, has fresh fragrance and mild drug property, is a beauty maintaining and young keeping tea product which is popular among people, can relieve emotion and relax spirit, and has a certain hypnotic effect. The medicinal range of the lavender is very wide, the lavender can be eaten by flowers, roots, stems and leaves can be used as medicines, and the lavender has a good health-care effect on the stomach after being taken. If the body has abdominal pain, eczema and common cold, the body can be effectively promoted to quickly recover health by drinking the lavender tea in a proper amount.

The lemongrass, named as the citronella, is a perennial herb of gramineae and citronella, is a lemongrass spice growing in subtropical zone, naturally contains lemon fragrance, and has the effects of harmonizing stomach, ventilating, restoring consciousness and promoting estrus. Citronella grows fast, the fragrance is strong, the taste is pungent and spicy, and the citronella has cool and numb tongue feeling when being chewed. Has a long cultivation history in India and Malaysia, can be used as seasoning for fish, and can be used as seasoning for pickles and flavoring for curry fruit juice, soup and sweet wine. Can also be used as a substitute for tea, and the lemon grass can also be used for extracting lemon grass oil and essence for soap.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problem of the myrica rubra meat onion disease (myrica rubra meat column necrosis disease) caused by the myrica rubra gall midge infection, the invention provides a biological control method for the myrica rubra meat onion disease, the method is simple and convenient to operate, the control effect is good, the method can be popularized in the existing myrica rubra production orchard, and the produced myrica rubra fruits are green and safe.

The invention is implemented by the following technical scheme:

the method is characterized in that citronella grass and lavender are interplanted in open spaces among plants of a waxberry orchard, the volatile smell of the leaves of the citronella grass and the lavender is utilized to drive the waxberry gall midge during the growth period of waxberry fruits, meanwhile, the citronella grass is harvested to squeeze juice and filter in the season with high disease, the filtered juice is sprayed on the surfaces of the fruits by a sprayer, the citronella grass oil smell is utilized to drive the gall midge away, the waxberry fruits are prevented from spawning and hatching into larvae, and the flesh columns of the waxberry fruits are prevented from being necrotic, so that the occurrence of the myrica rubra flesh and onion disease is. Gall midge can be removed through odor emitted by the lemongrass and the lavender in the season that the waxberries do not bear fruits, the number of insect mouths is reduced, the disease and the pest of the green onion in the next year are reduced, the prevention and control effect is improved year by year, and green prevention and control are realized.

The method for interplanting the lemongrass and the lavender is characterized in that the lemongrass and the lavender are interplanted in a waxberry orchard once in spring or autumn, and then management and protection work is needed, and the lemongrass and the lavender do not need to be replanted every year.

The lemongrass is Cymbopogon javanica or Cymbopogon citratus, and can be planted by direct seeding in spring, or by transplanting by plant or seedling.

The lavender is sweet lavender and lavandula dentata with strong leaf odor, and can be directly sown in spring, or planted by cutting propagation or seed sowing, seedling raising and transplanting.

The method is characterized in that the cedronella is harvested, squeezed and sprayed on the fruit surface, the cedronella leaves are kept 8-10 cm away from the ground after insect damage occurs for 4-5 months, the cedronella leaves are squeezed and filtered, then the squeezed and filtered cedronella leaves are sprayed on the fruit surface by a sprayer, grass residues with still strong smell are scattered on the ground of an orchard after filtering, and the special smell of the cedronella on the fruit surface and the ground of the orchard prevents the myrica rubra gall midge from infecting the fruits of the waxberries, so that the occurrence of the green onion disease is prevented and reduced.

The method has a control effect on the myrica rubra meat onion disease caused by gall midge, also has a repellent effect on other pests such as myrica rubra fruit flies and the like, realizes internal circulation and green control of plant diseases and insect pests, but does not aim at the myrica rubra orchard with similar symptoms caused by other reasons.

The invention has the advantages that

1. The method for preventing and treating the red bayberry flesh onion diseases is simple in implementation method, low in cost and high in efficiency, can obviously reduce the damage of gall midge to red bayberry fresh fruits, is low in investment for fruit growers, almost zero in material cost for the fruit growers, low in prevention and treatment cost, and capable of obviously reducing the occurrence of the diseases, and has obvious economic benefits.

2. The method is simple and convenient to operate, no chemical pesticide is used, the pollution source of fruits is reduced, the produced waxberries are green and safe, and the problem of potential safety hazard of the fruits is reduced.

3. The method has a repelling effect on fruit flies and other pests in the waxberry orchard, realizes internal circulation of fruits and green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, can be applied to production of green and organic fruits, and improves the safe production level of the waxberry fruits.

Detailed Description

The following are several specific examples of the present invention to further illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1

1. And selecting a production orchard of the Bayberry of Dongkui.

2. In 2018, in 9 months, in open spaces between waxberry orchard plants and open spaces at edges of the orchard, digging holes at intervals of 1 meter, planting sweet lavender and lemongrass seedlings which are cultivated in advance, watering, and preserving moisture, wherein the planting holes of the lavender and the lemongrass are distributed at intervals and are similar in quantity.

3. After planting, field weeding work is mainly carried out, weeds are not generated in the field, the situation that some weeds compete for living space and nutrients and influence growth is avoided, and appropriate watering and topdressing are carried out in the growth process of the lavender and the lemongrass to promote growth.

4. And other production management of the waxberry orchard is carried out according to normal orchard management.

5. In the late 3 th to the last 5 th of 2019 th, when the size of the peanuts of the waxberry fruits is "Dongkui", 8-10 cm are left to be cut off from the ground, the lemongrass leaves are mechanically squeezed, juice is filtered by a 100-mesh filter screen and then sprayed on the leaf surfaces and fruit surfaces of the waxberry fruits by a sprayer, the filtered grass residues are scattered on the ground of an orchard, the waxberry gall midge is removed by the special smell of the lemongrass to prevent the waxberry fruits from being infected, the spraying is carried out for 1 time at intervals of 10 days and 3 times in total, the fruits with individual diseases are manually removed in the expansion period of the waxberry fruits, and the fruits are harvested according to normal management after being mature. The field test data statistics in 2019 shows that after the vanilla plants are planted, the disease bearing rate is reduced by 60.8% compared with the control, the fruit morbidity is reduced by 56.5% compared with the control, and the control effect is extremely obvious.

TABLE 1 prevention and cure effect of Dongkui waxberry meat onion (2019)

Note: the data calculation method comprises the following steps: 1. the plant disease rate is compared with a control (%) = (treatment-control) ÷ control × 100; 2. welsh onion fruit incidence (%) = (treatment-control) ÷ control × 100; capital letters indicate that the difference is at a very significant level.

Example 2

1. Selecting a production orchard for changing the bayberries from the Anhai to the Hai.

2. In 3 months in 2019, digging holes in a space between the plants in the waxberry orchard and a space at the edge of the orchard according to a distance of 1 meter, scattering seeds of the lavandula dentata and the citronella java, covering the seeds with fine soil for about 2 centimeters, watering with a watering can, and distributing planting holes of the lavandula dentata and the citronella java at intervals.

3. After sowing until seedlings emerge, weeding is well done, so that weeds are not generated in the field, the weeds are prevented from competing for living space and nutrients and influencing growth, and proper watering and topdressing are performed in the growth process of the lavender and the lemongrass to promote growth.

4. And other production management of the waxberry orchard is carried out according to normal orchard management.

5. When the size of the waxberry fruits changes from Anhai to the size of peanuts in 5 Yuehai in the last 3 Yuehai of 2020, 8-10 cm of citronella grass leaves are left to be harvested from the ground, the juice is mechanically squeezed, the juice is filtered by a 100-mesh filter screen and then sprayed on the leaves and the surfaces of the waxberry fruits by a sprayer, the filtered grass residue is scattered on the ground of the head of the waxberry tree, the infection of waxberry fruits by waxberry gall midge is prevented by the special smell of the citronella grass, the spraying is carried out for 1 time at intervals of 15 days and 3 times in total, the fruits with individual diseases are manually picked off in the expansion period of the waxberry fruits, and the fruits are harvested according to normal. According to field test data statistics in 2020, after the vanilla plants are planted, the disease rate is reduced by 58.6% compared with the control, the fruit morbidity is reduced by 51.6% compared with the control, and the control effect is extremely obvious.

TABLE 2 prevention and cure effect of waxberry and onion (2020)

Note: the data calculation method comprises the following steps: 1. the plant disease rate is compared with a control (%) = (treatment-control) ÷ control × 100; 2. welsh onion fruit incidence (%) = (treatment-control) ÷ control × 100; capital letters indicate that the difference is at a very significant level.

Claims (5)

1. A biological control method for myrica rubra meat onion disease is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of interplanting the citronella grass and the lavender in a waxberry orchard, expelling the cecidomyiia myricae by utilizing volatile smell of leaves of the citronella grass and the lavender during the growth period of waxberry fruits, harvesting the citronella grass juice in a season with high disease, filtering the citronella grass juice with strong smell, spraying the filtered citronella grass juice on fruit surfaces by using a sprayer, and expelling the cecidomyiia myricae to prevent the cecidosis and larva incubation on young fruits of the waxberry fruits from being damaged and cause the flesh columns of the waxberry fruits to be necrotic, so that the occurrence of the myrica rubra sarcocarp disease is prevented, the goiter moschata odorata emitted by the citronella grass and the lavender is expelled in a season without bearing fruits of the waxberry fruits to reduce the population base number of worms, the.

2. The biological control method for the myrica rubra onion disease according to claim 1, wherein: the lemongrass and the lavender are interplanted in gaps among the waxberry trees, the management and the protection work are well done only once in spring or autumn, the seedlings do not need to be replanted every year, the effects of expelling other pests such as fruit flies and the like are achieved, internal circulation and green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests are achieved, and prevention and control cost is low.

3. The biological control method for the myrica rubra onion disease according to claim 1, wherein: the lemongrass is Cymbopogon javanica or Cymbopogon citratus, and is planted by direct seeding in spring, or transplanting by plant division, or transplanting by seeding and seedling.

4. The biological control method for the myrica rubra onion disease according to claim 1, wherein: the lavender is sweet lavender or lavandula dentata, and is planted by direct seeding in spring, or by cutting propagation, or by seed sowing, seedling raising and transplanting.

5. The biological control method for the myrica rubra onion disease according to claim 1, wherein: in 4-5 months of insect damage, 8-10 cm of citronella grass leaves are reserved to be squeezed to juice from the ground, the squeezed juice with strong smell is filtered and sprayed on the surface of a fruit by a sprayer, grass residue with strong smell after filtering is scattered on the ground of an orchard, and the waxberry gall midge is removed by the special smell of citronella oil on the orchard and the orchard surface, so that the waxberry young fruit is prevented from laying eggs and hatching into larvae to cause the flesh column necrosis of the waxberry fruit, and the occurrence of the waxberry flesh and shallot disease is prevented.