CN112490667B - High-isolation symmetrical folding short-circuit dipole two-unit MIMO antenna - Google Patents
High-isolation symmetrical folding short-circuit dipole two-unit MIMO antenna Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 27
- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012938 design process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/06—Details
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Abstract
A high-isolation symmetrical folding short-circuit dipole two-unit MIMO antenna comprises two symmetrical folding short-circuit dipole antenna units and a dumbbell-shaped grounded metal isolator, wherein the two folding short-circuit dipole antenna units are respectively positioned at two sides of the grounded metal isolator and are axially symmetrical relative to a vertical arm center line of the grounded metal isolator, and the two folding short-circuit dipole antenna units share a rectangular dielectric substrate. According to the invention, the port isolation of the two folded short-circuited dipole antenna units is improved to be more than 20dB by utilizing the dumbbell-shaped grounded metal isolator, the two arms of the dipole antenna are folded and shorted by the metallized via holes by utilizing the planar dipole antenna as a basic antenna structure, so that the frequency band width of the antenna is widened, the far-field radiation pattern of the antenna is improved, and the far-field radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved. The invention reduces the complexity of the antenna, expands the bandwidth, ensures uniform energy radiation and improves the radiation efficiency of the antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless communication, and relates to a high-isolation symmetrical folding short-circuit dipole two-unit MIMO antenna.
Background
With the landing of the 5G wireless mobile communication technology, people are increasingly dependent on the wireless mobile communication system. The 5G wireless mobile communication system featuring large capacity, high rate and ultra-short delay is very different from the 4G wireless mobile communication system in terms of network structure, key technology, etc. Although the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) technology has been applied to a 4G wireless mobile communication system, the number of MIMO antenna units in a 5G communication system will be greatly increased, the number of antennas for the transmitting end and the receiving end to complete the same data transmission task is up to several hundred, and the number of independent paths for implementing simultaneous data transmission is also up to several hundred.
Although the number of unit antennas in the massive MIMO antenna system is large, the antenna structure is more complex, and the unit antennas will also exhibit three-dimensional or more-dimensional spatial distribution. The major problems involved therein are reduced inter-element antenna correlation, i.e., reduced energy coupling between element antenna ports, reduced MIMO antenna geometry, etc., and MIMO antenna design in 4G systems is faced with the same problems. The diversity technique comprises the following steps: polarization diversity, frequency diversity, pattern diversity and space diversity remain the main techniques utilized in the design process of MIMO antennas for 5G wireless mobile communication systems.
A planar structure MIMO antenna applied to a wireless mobile communication system has been disclosed in many related documents, in which the antenna structure is very much applied; there are microstrip patch antennas, microstrip slot antennas, monoplanar antennas, etc. Techniques for improving isolation between unit antenna ports in a MIMO system include adding a metal isolation structure, i.e., a grounded metal structure or a non-grounded metal structure, using an EBG structure, a DGS structure, an electromagnetic super-surface structure, a diversity technique, adding a coupled energy neutralization structure, and the like. The diversity technology mainly reduces the correlation among antennas by isolating a certain characteristic parameter of the unit antennas, for example, the polarization diversity technology orthogonalizes the polarization directions among the antennas through geometric configuration, optimizes the main polarization and cross polarization ratio of the antennas, realizes the polarization direction isolation among two or more unit antennas, and finally improves the isolation degree. While most other techniques improve independence in unit antennas primarily by counteracting or reducing wireless or wired electromagnetic energy transmission paths between the unit antennas.
In addition to the unique correlation, isolation issues involved in MIMO antennas, antenna bandwidth, radiation efficiency, and radiation pattern will also be issues of concern for Massive MIMO antennas. The above characteristics are also optimized as much as possible on the premise of ensuring that the correlation between the unit antennas meets the requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of complex structure, narrow bandwidth, high radiation directivity, low radiation efficiency and the like of the MIMO antenna of the 5G wireless mobile communication system in the prior art, the invention provides the high-isolation symmetrical folding short-circuit dipole two-unit MIMO antenna, which reduces the complexity of the antenna, expands the bandwidth, ensures uniform radiation of energy and improves the radiation efficiency.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention has the following technical scheme:
A high-isolation symmetrical folding short-circuit dipole two-unit MIMO antenna comprises two symmetrical folding short-circuit dipole antenna units and a dumbbell-shaped grounded metal isolator, wherein the two folding short-circuit dipole antenna units are respectively positioned at two sides of the grounded metal isolator and are axially symmetrical relative to a vertical arm center line of the grounded metal isolator, and the two folding short-circuit dipole antenna units share a rectangular dielectric substrate.
Preferably, the folding short-circuit dipole antenna unit comprises a semi-closed rectangular metal structure positioned on the upper surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate, wherein the inner sides of upper and lower horizontal arms of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure are connected with vertical metal arms, and rectangular metallized through holes are formed at the connection positions; the two vertical metal arms are respectively connected with the vertical metal arm of the metal grounding plate through the rectangular metallized via hole, and the metal grounding plate and the vertical metal arm are arranged on the lower surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate; the center of the vertical arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure is provided with a non-metallized via hole, a circular non-metal area is processed on the metal grounding plate, and the circle centers of the circular non-metal area and the non-metallized circular via hole are coincident.
Preferably, the upper and lower horizontal arms and the vertical arms of the semi-enclosed rectangular metal structure are made of three metal patches of equal width.
Preferably, the semi-closed rectangular metal structure is vertically symmetrical by taking the horizontal center line of the rectangular dielectric substrate as an axis.
Preferably, the length of the vertical metal arm of the metal grounding plate is equal to the distance between the inner edge of the horizontal arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure and the outer edge of the metal grounding plate; the length of the vertical metal arm connected with the upper horizontal arm and the lower horizontal arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure is longer than that of the vertical metal arm of the metal grounding plate and shorter than half of that of the vertical arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure.
Preferably, the distance between the vertical metal arms connected with the upper horizontal arm and the lower horizontal arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure and the distance between the vertical metal arms of the metal grounding plate and the vertical arms of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure are equal.
Preferably, two rectangular metallized through holes are arranged on two sides of the center of the vertical arm of the grounding metal isolator, and the two rectangular metallized through holes connect the grounding metal isolator with the metal grounding plates of the two folding short-circuit dipole antenna units.
Preferably, the metal ground plate spacing of the two folded shorted dipole antenna elements is equal to the vertical arm width of the grounded metal isolator.
Preferably, the vertical arms of the grounding metal isolator are the same as the horizontal arms connected to the two ends of the vertical arms in width, and the vertical arms of the grounding metal isolator are coincident with the center of the upper surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate.
Preferably, the rectangular dielectric substrate has a composition of FR4, a relative dielectric constant of 4.4, and a loss tangent of 0.02.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: the port isolation of the two folded short-circuited dipole antenna units is improved to be more than 20dB by utilizing the dumbbell-shaped grounded metal isolator, the two arms of the dipole antenna are folded and short-circuited by the metallized via holes by utilizing the planar dipole antenna as a basic antenna structure, the frequency band width of the antenna is expanded, the far-field radiation pattern of the antenna is improved, and the far-field radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved. The invention reduces the complexity of the antenna, expands the bandwidth, uniformly radiates energy, improves the radiation efficiency of the antenna, and has excellent comprehensive performance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a perspective structure of a two-unit MIMO antenna according to the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of a two-unit MIMO antenna according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a bottom view structure of a two-unit MIMO antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the frequency variation of the port scattering parameters obtained by analyzing an embodiment of the design antenna of the present invention using three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software, wherein curve a is the characteristic of the reflection coefficient of the antenna ports 1 and 2 with the frequency variation, and curve b is the characteristic of the coupling coefficient between the antenna ports 1 and 2 with the frequency variation;
FIG. 5 is a graph of remote radiation efficiency as a function of frequency for unit antennas 1 and 2 obtained by analysis of one embodiment of the design antenna of the present invention using three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software;
fig. 6 is a diagram of far-field radiation patterns of unit antennas 1 and 2 at frequency f=3.85 GHz analyzed by three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software for one embodiment of the design antenna of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
In order to solve the problems that the MIMO antenna structure is complex, the isolation between unit antenna ports is not high, the radiation efficiency is low, the directivity of a radiation pattern is strong, and the space coverage of wireless signals is not facilitated, and the like, the high-isolation symmetrical folding short-circuit dipole two-unit MIMO antenna disclosed by the invention uses the plane dipole antenna with the simplest antenna structure as a basic antenna unit, and a dumbbell-shaped grounding metal isolator is additionally arranged between the two unit antennas, so that the broadband two-unit plane MIMO antenna with high port isolation, extremely high radiation efficiency and almost omnidirectional radiation characteristics is realized.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention has two unit antennas, namely unit antenna 1, unit antenna 2 and a dumbbell-shaped grounded metal isolator 32. The unit antenna 1 and the unit antenna 2 share one rectangular dielectric substrate 10, and all structures of the unit antenna 1 are distributed on the left side of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10, and all structures of the unit antenna 2 are distributed on the right side. The unit antenna 1 is formed by a semi-closed rectangular metal structure, namely a first metal structure, which is positioned on the upper surface of a rectangular dielectric substrate 10Form metal structure 21, first/>The inner sides of the upper horizontal arm and the lower horizontal arm of the shaped metal structure 21 are connected with two vertical metal arms 22 and 23, two rectangular metallized through holes 24 and 25 are arranged at the joint, a first grounding vertical metal arm 28 which is connected with the first rectangular metallized through hole 25 and the metal grounding plate 30 under the first vertical metal arm 22, and a second grounding vertical metal arm 29 which is connected with the second rectangular metallized through hole 24 and the metal grounding plate 30 under the second vertical metal arm 23 are arranged under the first vertical metal arm 22, and the first/>A first non-metallized via hole 27 is arranged in the middle of the vertical arm of the metal structure 21, a first rectangular metal grounding plate 30 is arranged in the half area of the left lower surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10, and a first circular non-metal area 26 is arranged in the first rectangular metal grounding plate 30. The centers of the first circular non-metallic region 26 and the first non-metallized via 27 coincide.
The unit antenna 2 and the unit antenna 1 are axisymmetric in structure by taking the vertical center line of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10 as an axis. A semi-closed rectangular metal structure positioned on the right side area of the upper surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10, namelyShaped metal structure 11 and left side areaThe metal structure 21 is symmetrical, the two vertical metal arms 12 and 22 on the upper surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10 are symmetrical, the two vertical metal arms 13 and 23 are symmetrical, the rectangular metallized through holes 14 and 15 are respectively symmetrical with the rectangular metallized through holes 24 and 25, the metal arms 18 and 19 on the lower surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10 are respectively symmetrical with the metal arms 28 and 29, the grounding plates 20 and 30 on the lower surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10 are symmetrical, the non-metallized circular through holes 17 and 27 in the feed structure are symmetrical, and the circular non-metal areas 16 and 26 in the lower surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10 are symmetrical. In summary, the unit antenna 2 is completely symmetrical in geometry to the unit antenna 1.
The grounded metal isolator 32 positioned in the middle of the upper surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10 is dumbbell-shaped, and two rectangular metallized through holes 31 and 33 are arranged in the center of the vertical arm. The two rectangular metallized vias 31, 32 are smaller in width, much longer than they are wide, and equal in height to the thickness of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10. The spacing between the two rectangular metal grounding plates 20, 30 on the back of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10 is just equal to the width of the vertical arm of the grounding metal isolator 32. Two rectangular metallized vias 31, 33 connect the ground metal isolator 32 to the two rectangular metal ground plates 20, 30, such that the ground metal isolator 32 connects the ground plates of the two unit antennas.
The specific manufacturing process of the antenna is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1 to 3, first, a rectangular dielectric substrate 10 having a composition material FR4, a length, a width, and a height of 50mm, 30mm, and 1.6mm, respectively, and a rectangular dielectric plate as an antenna was selected, and the composition material FR4 had a relative dielectric constant of 4.4 and a loss tangent of 0.02. At the middle position of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10, a dumbbell-shaped grounded metal isolator 32 was printed by using a circuit board printing technique, and the vertical arm and the two horizontal arms at the end of the dumbbell-shaped grounded metal isolator 32 were the same in width and were 2mm. The length of the vertical arm is 16mm, and the lengths of the two horizontal arms are the same and are 6mm. Two rectangular metallized through holes 31 and 32 are processed on two sides of the center of the vertical arm of the dumbbell-shaped grounding metal isolator 32, the width of each rectangular metallized through hole is 0.4mm, the length of each rectangular metallized through hole is 2mm, the height of each rectangular metallized through hole is 1.6mm, and the long sides of the two rectangular metallized through holes 31 and 32 are connected with the grounding metal isolator 32.
Secondly, a vertical metal patch with the length of 24mm and the width of 2mm is printed at the position, which is 9mm away from the left edge, of the left side area of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10, a horizontal metal patch with the width of 2mm and the length of 10mm is printed at the upper end of the vertical metal patch, a horizontal metal patch with the width of 2mm and the length of 10mm is printed at the lower end of the vertical metal patch, and the two horizontal metal patches are connected with the vertical metal patch to form oneForm metal structure 21, the/>The upper edge of the shape structure 21 is equal to the upper edge of the rectangular dielectric substrate, and the lower edge is equal to the lower edge of the rectangular dielectric substrate in distance and equal to 3mm. At/>A circular non-metallized via 27 with a radius of 0.5mm is machined in the center of the vertical metal arm of the shaped metal structure 21. Meanwhile, a metal patch with the length of 24mm and the width of 9mm is printed on the back surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate to serve as a grounding plate of the unit antenna 1, the left edge of the grounding plate is overlapped with the left edge of the lower surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10, the right edge is 1mm away from the geometric center point of the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and the right side of the grounding plate is electrically connected with the rectangular metallized through hole. A non-metallized circular structure 26 with a radius of 1.5mm is machined into the back side of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10 and is concentric with the circular non-metallized via 27. Distance/>, on upper and lower surfaces of rectangular dielectric grounding plateFour metal patches 22, 23, 28 and 29 are respectively printed on the right edge of the vertical arm of the metal structure 21 in a 2mm manner, the widths of the metal patches are 2mm, and the lengths of the metal patches 22 and 23 are 6.5mm. The length of the metal patches 28, 29 is equal to 6mm. In metal patches 22, 23 and/>Two metallized vias 24, 25 of length 2mm and width 0.4mm are machined where the shaped metal structures 21 contact each other. The vertical line of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10 passing through the central line is taken as a symmetry axis, and the upper and lower surfaces of the right side area of the rectangular dielectric substrate 10 are printed and processed to be completely symmetrical with the unit antenna 1 in the left side area, so that the processing and the manufacturing of the unit antenna 2 are completed, and meanwhile, the processing and the manufacturing of all the antennas designed by the invention are also completed.
Simulation analysis of the MIMO antenna according to the present invention by using three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation software HFSS shows that, as shown in FIG. 4, the relative impedance bandwidth of-10 dB of the MIMO antenna reaches 18.8%, and the isolation between the two unit antenna ports is less than-20 dB in the whole working bandwidth, i.e., the MIMO antenna according to the present invention is a wideband antenna. The far field radiation efficiency of the antenna of the invention is more than 85.2% and the maximum reaches 96.1% in the whole working frequency band, namely the radiation efficiency of the antenna of the invention is higher, as shown in fig. 5. At the resonance frequency band f=3.85 GHz, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the antenna, the antenna has larger energy radiation in the upper and lower directions, and in the direction parallel to the plane of the antenna, the antenna also has certain energy radiation, as shown in fig. 6, so that the antenna of the invention is an approximately omnidirectional radiation antenna with uniform space radiation. In a word, the MIMO antenna designed by the invention has good performance in the aspects of working bandwidth, radiation efficiency, radiation energy space coverage and the like.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is not intended to limit the technical solution of the present invention in any way, and it should be understood that the technical solution can be modified and replaced in several ways without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A high-isolation symmetrical folding short-circuit dipole two-unit MIMO antenna is characterized in that: the antenna comprises two symmetrically placed folded short-circuit dipole antenna units and a dumbbell-shaped grounding metal isolator (32), wherein the two folded short-circuit dipole antenna units are respectively positioned at two sides of the grounding metal isolator (32) and are axially symmetrical relative to a vertical arm center line of the grounding metal isolator (32), and the two folded short-circuit dipole antenna units share a rectangular dielectric substrate (10);
The folding short-circuit dipole antenna unit comprises a semi-closed rectangular metal structure positioned on the upper surface of a rectangular dielectric substrate (10), wherein the inner sides of upper and lower horizontal arms of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure are connected with vertical metal arms, and rectangular metallized through holes are formed at the connection positions; the two vertical metal arms are respectively connected with the vertical metal arm of the metal grounding plate through the rectangular metallized via hole, and the metal grounding plate and the vertical metal arm thereof are arranged on the lower surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate (10); the center of the vertical arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure is provided with a non-metallized via hole, a circular non-metal area is processed on the metal grounding plate, and the circle centers of the circular non-metal area and the non-metallized circular via hole are coincident.
2. The high isolation symmetric folded shorted dipole two-element MIMO antenna of claim 1, wherein: the upper and lower horizontal arms and the vertical arms of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure are made of three metal patches with equal widths.
3. The high isolation symmetric folded shorted dipole two-element MIMO antenna of claim 1, wherein: the semi-closed rectangular metal structure is vertically symmetrical by taking the horizontal center line of the rectangular dielectric substrate (10) as an axis.
4. The high isolation symmetric folded shorted dipole two-element MIMO antenna of claim 1, wherein: the length of the vertical metal arm of the metal grounding plate is equal to the distance between the inner edge of the horizontal arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure and the outer edge of the metal grounding plate; the length of the vertical metal arm connected with the upper horizontal arm and the lower horizontal arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure is longer than that of the vertical metal arm of the metal grounding plate and shorter than half of that of the vertical arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure.
5. The high isolation symmetric folded shorted dipole two-element MIMO antenna of claim 4, wherein: the distance between the vertical metal arms connected with the upper horizontal arm and the lower horizontal arm of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure and the distance between the vertical metal arms of the metal grounding plate and the vertical arms of the semi-closed rectangular metal structure are equal.
6. The high isolation symmetric folded shorted dipole two-element MIMO antenna of claim 1, wherein: two rectangular metallized through holes are arranged on two sides of the center of the vertical arm of the grounding metal isolator (32), and the two rectangular metallized through holes connect the grounding metal isolator (32) with the metal grounding plates of the two folding short-circuit dipole antenna units.
7. The high isolation symmetric folded shorted dipole two-element MIMO antenna of claim 6, wherein: the metal ground plate spacing of the two folded shorted dipole antenna elements is equal to the vertical arm width of the grounded metal isolator (32).
8. The high isolation symmetric folded shorted dipole two-element MIMO antenna of claim 6, wherein: the vertical arm of the grounding metal isolator (32) is the same as the arm width of the horizontal arm connected to the two ends of the vertical arm, and the vertical arm of the grounding metal isolator (32) coincides with the center of the upper surface of the rectangular dielectric substrate (10).
9. The high isolation symmetric folded shorted dipole two-element MIMO antenna of claim 1, wherein: the rectangular dielectric substrate (10) has FR4 as a constituent material, a relative dielectric constant of 4.4, and a loss tangent of 0.02.
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