CN112485207B - Quantum vacuum spectrometer and demonstration method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a quantum vacuum spectrometer which can realize the research on the spectral characteristics of a vacuum field. The quantum vacuum spectrometer comprises a light source, an optical filter, an attenuator, a beam splitter, a light shield, a reflector, a detector, a subtracter and a data acquisition and analysis system. Wherein, the light wave emitted by the light source reaches the beam splitter through the optical filter and the attenuator. The beam splitter realizes beam combination of the vacuum field and the optical field and is divided into two paths under the protection of a light shield, the two paths are respectively converted into electric signals after being detected by a detector and subtracted, and finally the electric signals enter a data acquisition and analysis system for spectrum analysis. Based on the device, the invention also provides a demonstration method of the quantum vacuum spectrometer. The wavelength of the light source is controlled by the optical filter, the light intensity of the light source is controlled by the attenuator, and the spectral characteristics of the vacuum field under different wavelengths and light intensity conditions are detected and recorded. The device and the method are convenient to use, have intuitive experimental effect and provide possibility for popularization of quantum experimental technology in college physical teaching.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optics and measurement, in particular to a quantum vacuum spectrometer and a demonstration method thereof.
Background
In recent decades, with a plurality of significant advances in quantum mechanics in the international physical field, such as quantum light sources, quantum measurement, quantum communication, quantum computers, gravitational wave measurement, and the like, are implemented based on the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. Therefore, quantum mechanics is very important for future technological innovation and social development. However, in college physics teaching, compared with classical physics, the theoretical concept of quantum mechanics is obscure and is not easy to understand, and related experimental phenomena are not easy to observe in life, so that quantum mechanics still stays in a theoretical explanation stage, and a matched mature experimental verification is lacked to help students understand related theories. For example, classical physics considers that there is no energy incident, vacuum energy is zero, such as an optical beam splitter, and if there is no optical field energy incident on all sides, classical physics considers that energy is zero measured at either end of the beam splitter. On the contrary, quantum physics thinks that the vacuum field is not empty, the energy is everywhere, even if there is not any external light field to incide, the energy can also be measured to beam splitter periphery, and this energy has certain distribution. However, even though quantum mechanics considers that the vacuum field is not empty, the energy is very small, the energy cannot be directly measured by a common detector, and the energy of the vacuum field is submerged in electronic noise of the detector and an acquisition system. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a teaching demonstration device and a teaching demonstration method, fill up the blank of the quantum experimental technology in the experiment teaching of the department by demonstrating the spectral characteristics of vacuum, help students to intuitively know the difference between the quantum physics and the classical physics, realize the popularization of the quantum mechanics experimental technology, improve the practical ability of the students, expand the thinking of the students and reserve talents for the application of the quantum mechanics in aspects of scientific and technological innovation, social development and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a quantum vacuum spectrometer and a demonstration method thereof, aiming at demonstrating quantum mechanics in an experimental mode, so that a student can know and master the principle and the method of the quantum mechanics.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a quantum vacuum spectrometer, comprising: the system comprises a light source, an optical filter, an attenuator, a beam splitter, a light shield, a reflector, a detector and a data acquisition and analysis system; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a light source (1) for generating an incident light field, typically a polychromatic broadband light source;
an optical filter (2) for controlling the wavelength of the light source;
an attenuator (3) for controlling the light intensity of the light source;
the beam splitter (4) is used for realizing beam splitting and beam combining of the vacuum field and the optical field;
the light shield (5) is used for shielding external stray light and realizing vacuum field injection;
a reflector (6) for reflecting the light field;
the first photoelectric detector (7) and the second photoelectric detector (8) are used for converting optical signals into electric signals;
a subtractor (9) for performing subtraction of the electrical signals;
and the data acquisition and analysis system (10) is used for realizing electric signal acquisition and data analysis.
The invention controls the wavelength of the light source through the optical filter (2), and can realize vacuum fluctuation measurement under different wavelengths. The light intensity of the light source is controlled through the attenuator (3), and vacuum fluctuation measurement under different light intensities can be realized. By using the light shield (5), external stray light is shielded, and injection of a vacuum field is realized.
The specific optical path of the quantum vacuum spectrometer is as follows: an incident light field emitted by the light source (1) sequentially passes through the optical filter (2) and the attenuator (3), is divided into two paths on the beam splitter (4) and a vacuum occasion beam, is converted into an electric signal after being detected by the first photoelectric detector (7) and the second photoelectric detector (8) respectively, is subtracted by the subtracter (9), and finally enters the data acquisition and analysis system (10) for spectrum analysis.
Based on the quantum vacuum spectrometer, the invention also provides a demonstration method of the quantum vacuum spectrometer, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: adjusting the optical filter (2) and the attenuator (3) to correct positions to enable the light waves emitted by the light source (1) to be smoothly incident to the beam splitter (4);
step 2: the beam splitter (4) is well protected by a light shield (5), so that light waves emitted by the light source (1) horizontally (or vertically) pass through the beam splitter (4), and meanwhile, no light is injected into the beam splitter (4) in the vertical direction (or the horizontal direction), namely, vacuum injection is met;
and step 3: adjusting the light path to enable all light entering the system to enter a first photoelectric detector (7) and a second photoelectric detector (8);
and 4, step 4: adjusting a light path, and ensuring that direct current output voltages of the first photoelectric detector (7) and the second photoelectric detector (8) are consistent by observing a data acquisition and analysis system (10);
and 5: turning off the light source (1), and recording an output noise spectrum, namely electronic noise of the photoelectric detector, by using a data acquisition and analysis system (10);
step 6: the light source (1) is turned on, and the wave band of the light source is selected through the optical filter (2). Changing the energy of the incident laser light through an attenuator (3), and measuring and recording a series of power spectrums;
and 7: subtracting the series of power spectrums recorded in the step 6 from the electronic noise recorded in the step 5 respectively to obtain vacuum power spectrums with different incident light powers under specific wavelengths;
and 8: averaging a series of power spectrum signals obtained in the step 7 to obtain a relation between incident light power and a vacuum power spectrum;
and step 9: changing the optical filter (2), repeating the step (7) and the step (8) to obtain the relation between the incident light power and the vacuum power spectrum under different wavelengths;
step 10: and when different injection wavelengths and different injection light powers are passed through, the power spectrum of the vacuum field is changed, so that the spectral characteristic measurement of the vacuum field is realized.
The invention provides a quantum vacuum spectrometer and a demonstration method thereof, which are used for realizing vacuum fluctuation measurement and vacuum spectrum characteristic measurement, helping students to intuitively know the difference between quantum physics and classical physics, improving the practical ability of the students, expanding the thinking of the students and reserving talents for the application of quantum mechanics in aspects of scientific and technological innovation, social development and the like. Meanwhile, the teaching demonstration device and the teaching demonstration method provided by the invention are low in manufacturing cost, simple in structure and convenient to operate and maintain, are suitable for college physical experiment teaching, and provide possibility for popularization of quantum experiment technology.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a quantum vacuum spectrometer according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a quantum vacuum spectrometer demonstration method provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings. The procedures, conditions, experimental methods and the like for carrying out the present invention are general knowledge and common general knowledge in the art except for the contents specifically mentioned below, and the present invention is not particularly limited.
The invention provides a quantum vacuum spectrometer and a demonstration method thereof, which can realize the research on the spectral characteristics of a vacuum field. The vacuum spectrometer comprises a light source, an optical filter, an attenuator, a beam splitter, a light shield, a reflector, a detector, a subtracter and a data acquisition and analysis system. Wherein, the light wave emitted by the light source reaches the beam splitter through the optical filter and the attenuator. The beam splitter realizes beam combination of the vacuum field and the optical field and is divided into two paths under the protection of a light shield, the two paths are respectively converted into electric signals after being detected by a detector and subtracted, and finally the electric signals enter a data acquisition and analysis system for spectrum analysis. Based on the device, the invention also provides a demonstration method of the quantum vacuum spectrometer. The wavelength of the light source is controlled by the optical filter, the light intensity of the light source is controlled by the attenuator, and the spectral characteristics of the vacuum field under different wavelengths and light intensity conditions are detected and recorded. The device and the method are convenient to use, have intuitive experimental effect and provide possibility for popularization of quantum experimental technology in college physical teaching.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a quantum vacuum spectrometer. The method comprises the following specific steps:
the system comprises a light source 1, a light filter 2, an attenuator 3, a beam splitter 4, a light shield 5, a reflector 6, a first detector 7, a second detector 8, a subtractor 9 and a data acquisition and analysis system 10. Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the light wave emitted by the light source reaches the beam splitter through the optical filter and the attenuator. The beam splitter realizes beam combination of the vacuum field and the optical field and is divided into two paths under the protection of a light shield, the two paths are respectively converted into electric signals after being detected by a detector and subtracted, and finally the electric signals enter a data acquisition and analysis system for spectrum analysis.
An incident light field emitted by the light source 1 sequentially passes through the optical filter 2 and the attenuator 3 to reach the beam splitter 4. The beam splitter 4 is divided into two paths while realizing beam combination of the vacuum field and the optical field under the protection of the light shield 5, and the two paths are respectively converted into electric signals after being detected by the first photoelectric detector 7 and the second photoelectric detector 8, subtracted by the subtracter 9, and finally enter the data acquisition and analysis system 10 for spectrum analysis.
The optical filter 2 controls the wavelength of the light source, and spectral characteristic measurement of the vacuum field under different wavelengths can be realized. The attenuator 3 controls the light intensity of the light source, and can realize vacuum fluctuation measurement under different light intensities. The light shield 5 can realize the injection of a vacuum field.
The invention provides a demonstration method of a quantum vacuum spectrometer in a second aspect, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: the optical filter 2 and the attenuator 3 are adjusted to correct positions, so that the light waves emitted by the light source 1 are smoothly incident to the beam splitter 4;
step 2: the beam splitter 4 is well protected by a light shield 5, so that light waves emitted by the light source 1 horizontally or vertically pass through the beam splitter 4, and meanwhile, no light is injected into the beam splitter 4 in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction, namely, vacuum injection is met;
and step 3: adjusting the light path to make all the light incident into the system incident into the first photodetector 7 and the second photodetector 8;
and 4, step 4: adjusting a light path, and ensuring that direct current output voltages of the first photoelectric detector 7 and the second photoelectric detector 8 are consistent through observing the data acquisition and analysis system 10;
and 5: turning off the light source 1, and recording the output noise spectrum by using the data acquisition and analysis system 10, wherein the noise spectrum is the electronic noise of the photoelectric detector;
step 6: the light source 1 is turned on, and the wavelength band of the light source is selected through the filter 2. Changing the energy of the incident laser through an attenuator 3, and measuring and recording a series of power spectrums;
and 7: subtracting the series of power spectrums recorded in the step 6 from the electronic noise recorded in the step 5 respectively to obtain vacuum power spectrums with different incident light powers under specific wavelengths;
and 8: averaging a series of power spectrum signals obtained in the step 7 to obtain a relation between incident light power and a vacuum power spectrum;
and step 9: changing the optical filter 2, repeating the step 7 and the step 8, and obtaining the relation between the incident light power and the vacuum power spectrum under different wavelengths;
step 10: and when different injection wavelengths and different injection light powers are passed through, the power spectrum of the vacuum field is changed, so that the spectral characteristic measurement of the vacuum field is realized.
According to the invention, quantum mechanics is introduced into the student teaching classroom through a college physical experiment mode through the quantum vacuum spectrometer and the demonstration method thereof, the device is simple, the operation is convenient, and the understanding of students on the quantum mechanics through the experiment mode is facilitated.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
The protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Variations and advantages that may occur to those skilled in the art may be incorporated into the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, and the scope of the appended claims is intended to be protected.
Claims (7)
1. A quantum vacuum spectrometer, comprising: the system comprises a light source, an optical filter, an attenuator, a beam splitter, a light shield, a reflector, a detector and a data acquisition and analysis system; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a light source (1) for generating an incident light field;
an optical filter (2) for controlling the wavelength of the light source;
an attenuator (3) for controlling the light intensity of the light source;
the beam splitter (4) is used for realizing beam splitting and beam combining of the vacuum field and the optical field;
the light shield (5) is used for shielding external stray light and realizing vacuum field injection;
a reflector (6) for reflecting the light field;
the first photoelectric detector (7) and the second photoelectric detector (8) are used for converting optical signals into electric signals;
a subtractor (9) for performing subtraction of the electrical signals;
the data acquisition and analysis system (10) is used for realizing electric signal acquisition and data analysis;
an incident light field emitted by the light source (1) sequentially passes through the optical filter (2) and the attenuator (3), is divided into two paths while being subjected to beam splitting on a beam splitter (4) and a vacuum occasion, is converted into an electric signal after being detected by the first photoelectric detector (7) and the second photoelectric detector (8) respectively, is subtracted by the subtracter (9), and finally enters the data acquisition and analysis system (10) for spectrum analysis.
2. The quantum vacuum spectrometer according to claim 1, wherein the light source (1) is a polychromatic broadband light source.
3. The quantum vacuum spectrometer according to claim 1, wherein the wavelength of the light source is controlled by the optical filter (2) to realize vacuum fluctuation measurement at different wavelengths.
4. The quantum vacuum spectrometer according to claim 1, wherein the light intensity of the light source is controlled by the attenuator (3) to realize vacuum fluctuation measurement at different light intensities.
5. The quantum vacuum spectrometer according to claim 1, wherein the injection of the vacuum field is achieved by shielding external stray light through the use of a light shield (5).
6. A demonstration method of a quantum vacuum spectrometer, characterized in that the quantum vacuum spectrometer as claimed in any one of claims 1-5 is used, comprising the following steps:
step 1: adjusting the optical filter (2) and the attenuator (3) to correct positions to enable the light waves emitted by the light source (1) to be smoothly incident to the beam splitter (4);
step 2: the beam splitter (4) is well protected by a light shield (5), so that light waves emitted by the light source (1) horizontally or vertically pass through the beam splitter (4), and meanwhile, no light is injected into the beam splitter (4) in the vertical direction or the horizontal direction, namely, vacuum injection is met;
and step 3: adjusting the light path to enable all light entering the system to enter a first photoelectric detector (7) and a second photoelectric detector (8);
and 4, step 4: adjusting a light path, and ensuring that direct current output voltages of the first photoelectric detector (7) and the second photoelectric detector (8) are consistent by observing a data acquisition and analysis system (10);
and 5: turning off the light source (1), and recording an output noise spectrum, namely electronic noise of the photoelectric detector, by using a data acquisition and analysis system (10);
step 6: turning on a light source (1), selecting the wave band of the light source through an optical filter (2), changing the energy of incident laser through an attenuator (3), and measuring and recording a series of power spectrums;
and 7: subtracting the series of power spectrums recorded in the step 6 from the electronic noise recorded in the step 5 respectively to obtain vacuum power spectrums with different incident light powers under specific wavelengths;
and 8: averaging a series of power spectrum signals obtained in the step 7 to obtain a relation between incident light power and a vacuum power spectrum;
and step 9: changing the optical filter (2), repeating the step (7) and the step (8) to obtain the relation between the incident light power and the vacuum power spectrum under different wavelengths;
step 10: and when different injection wavelengths and different injection light powers are passed through, the power spectrum of the vacuum field is changed, so that the spectral characteristic measurement of the vacuum field is realized.
7. The demonstration method of the quantum vacuum spectrometer as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step 9, the measurement of the spectral characteristics of the vacuum field at different wavelengths is realized by changing the filter (2) and the attenuator (3).
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| CN106526575A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-03-22 | 北京空间机电研究所 | Pulse time synchronization system for quantum enhanced laser detection |
| CN106648541A (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2017-05-10 | 山西大学 | Device and method for generating true random numbers based on twin beams |
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| CN102809430A (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2012-12-05 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device for Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer based on optical phase-locked ring |
| CN106526575A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-03-22 | 北京空间机电研究所 | Pulse time synchronization system for quantum enhanced laser detection |
| CN106648541A (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2017-05-10 | 山西大学 | Device and method for generating true random numbers based on twin beams |
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