CN112484491A - Furnace cover for rare earth alloy smelting furnace, smelting furnace and method - Google Patents

Furnace cover for rare earth alloy smelting furnace, smelting furnace and method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112484491A
CN112484491A CN202011522750.7A CN202011522750A CN112484491A CN 112484491 A CN112484491 A CN 112484491A CN 202011522750 A CN202011522750 A CN 202011522750A CN 112484491 A CN112484491 A CN 112484491A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
raw material
rare earth
furnace
earth metal
metal raw
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202011522750.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘玉宝
高日增
杨鹏飞
陈国华
吕卫东
李园
赵二雄
陆斌
何建中
于兵
张先恒
苗旭晨
康佳
张全军
黄海涛
闫奇操
侯复生
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Guorui Kechuang Rare Earth Functional Materials Co ltd
Baotou Rare Earth Research Institute
Ruike Rare Earth Metallurgy and Functional Materials National Engineering Research Center Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Guorui Kechuang Rare Earth Functional Materials Co ltd
Baotou Rare Earth Research Institute
Ruike Rare Earth Metallurgy and Functional Materials National Engineering Research Center Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Guorui Kechuang Rare Earth Functional Materials Co ltd, Baotou Rare Earth Research Institute, Ruike Rare Earth Metallurgy and Functional Materials National Engineering Research Center Co Ltd filed Critical Guorui Kechuang Rare Earth Functional Materials Co ltd
Priority to CN202011522750.7A priority Critical patent/CN112484491A/en
Publication of CN112484491A publication Critical patent/CN112484491A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/10—Crucibles
    • F27B14/12—Covers therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/08—Details peculiar to crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/20—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or like devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/18—Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers
    • F27D1/1808—Removable covers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D27/00—Stirring devices for molten material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/18—Door frames; Doors, lids, removable covers
    • F27D1/1808—Removable covers
    • F27D2001/1825—Means for moving the cover
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
    • F27M2003/00—Type of treatment of the charge
    • F27M2003/13—Smelting

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a furnace cover for a rare earth alloy smelting furnace, the smelting furnace and a method. The bell includes lid and the rotatory elevating gear of raw materials, the rotatory elevating gear of raw materials includes rotary rod, rotary rod urceolus, rotating electrical machines, fixed urceolus, elevator motor, connecting rod, gear, rack and metal raw materials clamping disk. The rare earth alloy smelting furnace can improve the yield of alloy products with large component melting point difference and shorten the production period.

Description

Furnace cover for rare earth alloy smelting furnace, smelting furnace and method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a furnace cover, a smelting furnace and a method for a rare earth alloy smelting furnace, in particular to a furnace cover, a rare earth alloy smelting furnace and a method for a rare earth-zinc alloy smelting furnace.
Background
The galvanized steel sheet can effectively prevent the corrosion of steel and prolong the service life, so the galvanized steel sheet is widely applied to the industries of buildings, automobiles, vehicles, ships and the like. With the development of national economy, especially the rapid development of the automobile industry, the demand of galvanized steel sheets is gradually increased year by year. However, the galvanized surface is easily corroded due to the active chemical property of zinc, and the appearance of the product is seriously affected by the corroded product. To improve the problem that the galvanized surface is easily corroded, rare earth metals can be added into zinc.
The rare earth-zinc alloy has excellent performance and wide application prospect, but is difficult to produce in large scale. This is mainly due to the low melting point of zinc, only 419.5 ℃, 907 ℃ boiling point, while the melting points of 17 rare earth metals vary from 798 ℃ to 1663 ℃. Since the difference between the melting point temperatures of the two metals is large, it is difficult to melt them together. The traditional smelting method has great difficulty in preparation, the components of the rare earth-zinc alloy are difficult to accurately control, and continuous smelting equipment is not used for production, so that the product yield is low, the production period is long, and the smelting difficulty is high.
CN208620822U discloses a melting furnace for preparing alloy, which comprises a melting furnace main body, an operating valve is arranged on the upper surface of the melting furnace main body, a heating crucible is arranged at the bottom of the operating valve, the bottom of the heating crucible is provided with a heating element, the bottom of the heating element is provided with a heating radiant tube, the right side of the heating radiant tube is provided with a bearing, the right side of the bearing is provided with a linkage rotating shaft, the bottom of the linkage rotating shaft is provided with a temperature sensing coil, the bottom of the temperature sensing coil is provided with a leakage drip drainage groove, the upper surface of the leakage and drip drainage groove is provided with a furnace cover lifting mechanism, the left side of the furnace cover lifting mechanism is provided with a gas transmission conduction pipe, a smelting furnace masonry is arranged on the left side of the gas transmission conduction pipe, an anti-oxidation gas protective layer is arranged on the upper surface of the smelting furnace masonry, and a resistance heating sheet is arranged on the left side of the anti-oxidation gas protection layer, and a heat dissipation fan is arranged on the upper surface of the resistance heating sheet.
CN106871638A discloses a vacuum induction furnace for smelting aluminum and its alloys, which comprises a vertical furnace frame, a vertical cylindrical furnace body erected on the top of the furnace frame, a furnace cover arranged on the top of the furnace body, a horizontal liftable furnace bottom plate arranged on the bottom of the furnace body, a graphite crucible arranged on the top of the furnace bottom plate, an induction coil arranged in the furnace body and used for inductively heating the graphite crucible, a bracket arranged in the furnace body and used for supporting the induction coil, a control device for controlling the work of the induction coil, an exhaust tube arranged on the side wall of the furnace body, a vacuum extractor connected with the exhaust tube, an observation window arranged on the furnace cover, a temperature measuring hole arranged on the furnace cover, a temperature measuring thermocouple arranged on the temperature measuring hole and with one end extending into the inner cavity of the graphite crucible, a feed tube penetrating through the furnace body and used for feeding the graphite crucible, a feeding device connected with the feed tube, and a vertical stirring shaft penetrating through the furnace cover and extending to the bottom, the stirring device comprises a stirring frame arranged at the bottom of a stirring shaft, a stirring driving device arranged at the top of the stirring shaft and driving the stirring shaft to rotate, a vertical through hole arranged on the stirring shaft and coaxial with the stirring shaft, an argon blowing pipe penetrating through the through hole and extending to the bottom of an inner cavity of a graphite crucible, an argon supply device connected with the argon blowing pipe, a trolley arranged under a furnace body and capable of bearing a furnace bottom plate, and a lifting driving mechanism used for driving the furnace bottom plate to vertically lift between the furnace body and the trolley.
All the above smelting devices need to put all alloy raw materials into a crucible for smelting together, and therefore, the requirement of smelting alloy raw materials with large melting point difference to prepare alloy cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a furnace cover for a rare earth alloy melting furnace, which can improve the yield of alloy products having greatly different melting points of components and can shorten the production cycle. Further, the furnace cover for the rare earth alloy smelting furnace of the present invention enables more precise control of the alloy composition. Furthermore, the furnace cover of the invention realizes the continuous production of alloy products with large difference of melting points of the components. Another object of the present invention is to provide a rare earth alloy smelting furnace. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a method of using a rare earth alloy smelting furnace. The technical problem is solved by the following technical scheme.
On one hand, the invention provides a furnace cover for a rare earth alloy smelting furnace, which comprises a cover body and a raw material rotary lifting device, wherein the raw material rotary lifting device comprises a rotary rod, a rotary rod outer barrel, a rotary motor, a fixed outer barrel, a lifting motor, a connecting rod, a gear, a rack and a metal raw material clamping disc;
the outer cylinder of the rotating rod is sleeved outside the rotating rod and is rotationally connected with the rotating rod;
two ends of the rotating rod respectively extend out of the rotating rod outer cylinder; one end of the rotating rod penetrates through the cover body to be connected with the metal raw material clamping disc; the other end of the rotating rod is connected with the rotating motor; the rotating motor is used for axially rotating the rotating rod;
the metal raw material clamping disc is arranged to be capable of loading rare earth metal raw materials and immersing the loaded rare earth metal raw materials into non-rare earth metal raw material melt;
the fixed outer cylinder is sleeved outside the rotating rod outer cylinder in a sliding and sealing manner; one end of the fixed outer cylinder is fixed on the upper surface of the cover body, and the other end of the fixed outer cylinder is hermetically connected with the rotary rod outer cylinder; a cavity is formed among the cover body, the rotary rod outer cylinder and the fixed outer cylinder;
one end of the connecting rod is connected with the lifting motor, the other end of the connecting rod penetrates through the side wall of the fixed outer cylinder to be connected with the gear positioned in the cavity, and a rack meshed with the gear is arranged at the position, corresponding to the gear, of the rotating rod outer cylinder; the lifting motor is arranged to drive the connecting rod and drive the gear to rotate; the gear is set to be capable of driving the rack to move up and down, so that the rotating rod and the rotating rod outer barrel can move up and down.
According to the furnace cover of the invention, preferably, the other end of the fixed outer cylinder is connected with the rotary rod outer cylinder in a sealing manner through a sealing ring.
According to the furnace cover disclosed by the invention, preferably, the furnace cover further comprises an infrared temperature measuring device, a pressure gauge and a furnace cover locking device;
the infrared temperature measuring device is arranged on the cover body and is used for monitoring the temperature of the metal raw material in the smelting process in the rare earth alloy smelting furnace;
the pressure gauge is arranged on the cover body and used for monitoring the pressure in the rare earth alloy smelting furnace;
the furnace cover locking device is arranged at the edge of the cover body.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a rare earth alloy melting furnace comprising: the furnace cover, the furnace body, the raw material containing device, the heating device, the casting ingot mold, the pouring device and the vacuum-aerating device are arranged on the furnace body;
the furnace cover is arranged above the furnace body and encloses a furnace chamber together with the furnace body;
the raw material containing device is arranged in the furnace cavity and is used for immersing the rare earth metal raw material into the non-rare earth metal raw material melt to form alloy melt;
the heating device is used for supplying heat to the raw material accommodating device;
the pouring device is arranged to support the raw material containing device and to pour the alloy melt in the raw material containing device into the casting ingot mold;
the casting ingot mold is arranged in the furnace cavity, is positioned below the raw material containing device and is used for collecting the alloy melt poured out of the raw material containing device and cooling the alloy melt;
the vacuum-gas charging device is connected with the furnace body and is used for vacuumizing the furnace chamber and introducing protective gas into the furnace chamber.
According to the rare earth alloy smelting furnace of the present invention, preferably, the dumping device includes a top furnace lining, a bottom furnace lining, a connecting plate, a main rotating shaft, a secondary rotating shaft and a turnover motor;
the top furnace lining is sleeved on the upper part of the raw material containing device;
the bottom furnace lining is sleeved at the lower part of the raw material containing device;
one end of the connecting plate is connected with the top furnace lining, and the other end of the connecting plate is connected with the bottom furnace lining;
the connecting plates at least comprise a first connecting plate and a second connecting plate, and the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are oppositely arranged;
one end of the driving shaft is fixedly connected with the first connecting plate, and the other end of the driving shaft penetrates through the side wall of the furnace body and is connected with the overturning motor;
one end of the driven shaft is fixedly connected with the second connecting plate, and the other end of the driven shaft is rotatably connected with the side wall of the furnace body;
the overturning motor is arranged to drive the driving shaft to rotate, and the driving shaft drives the driven shaft to rotate, so that the raw material containing device is overturned.
According to the rare earth alloy smelting furnace of the invention, preferably, the heating device comprises a water-cooling coil, a heat preservation device, a heating resistance wire and an insulating plate;
the water-cooling coil is sleeved outside the raw material accommodating device, the heating resistance wire is sleeved outside the raw material accommodating device, and the heating resistance wire and the water-cooling coil are arranged at intervals;
the insulation plate is axially arranged on the outer sides of the water-cooling coil and the heating resistance wire along the raw material containing device and is used for preventing short circuit between the water-cooling coil and the heating resistance wire;
the heat preservation device is arranged outside the water-cooling coil.
According to the rare earth alloy smelting furnace of the present invention, preferably, the rare earth alloy smelting furnace further comprises a power supply control cabinet; the heating device also comprises an intermediate-frequency water-cooled cable, a water-cooled cable sealing device, a resistance wire power supply line and a resistance wire power supply line sealing device;
the power supply control cabinet is arranged on one side of the furnace body;
one end of the medium-frequency water-cooling cable is connected with the power supply control cabinet, and the other end of the medium-frequency water-cooling cable is connected with the water-cooling coil;
the water-cooled cable sealing device is arranged at the joint between the intermediate-frequency water-cooled cable and the furnace body and is used for ensuring the sealing property of the rare earth alloy smelting furnace;
one end of the resistance wire power supply line is connected with the power control cabinet, and the other end of the resistance wire power supply line is connected with the heating resistance wire;
the sealing device for the resistance wire power supply line is arranged at the joint between the resistance wire power supply line and the furnace body and used for ensuring the sealing property of the rare earth alloy smelting furnace.
According to the rare earth alloy smelting furnace of the present invention, preferably, the rare earth alloy smelting furnace further comprises a monitoring camera and a PLC controller;
the monitoring camera is arranged in the furnace cavity and is used for shooting the process that the rare earth metal raw material in the raw material containing device is immersed into the non-rare earth metal raw material melt to form an alloy melt and the state of the alloy melt;
the PLC controller is arranged in the power control cabinet; the output end of the PLC is respectively connected with the control end of the turnover motor, one end of the intermediate-frequency water-cooling cable, which is far away from the water-cooling coil, one end of the resistance wire power supply line, which is far away from the heating resistance wire, the controlled end of the lifting motor, the controlled end of the rotating motor and the controlled end of the vacuum-gas charging device; the input end of the PLC is connected with the output end of the infrared temperature measuring device.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing an alloy by using the above rare earth alloy melting furnace, comprising the steps of:
(1) loading a strip-shaped rare earth metal raw material with scales on a metal raw material clamping disc, adding a non-rare earth metal raw material into a raw material accommodating device, covering a furnace cover on a furnace body, and repeatedly performing vacuumizing and protective gas filling operations to fill protective gas into the furnace chamber;
(2) heating the non-rare earth metal raw material in the raw material accommodating device by using a heating device until the non-rare earth metal raw material is completely melted to form non-rare earth metal raw material melt;
(3) starting a lifting motor, driving a connecting rod and driving a gear to rotate, and driving a rack to move downwards by the gear, so that a rotating rod and an outer barrel of the rotating rod move downwards, and the rare earth metal raw material also moves downwards; immersing the rare earth metal raw material into the non-rare earth metal raw material melt until the preset scale of the rare earth metal raw material is superposed with the liquid level of the non-rare earth metal raw material melt; then starting a rotating motor to drive a rotating rod to axially rotate, so that the rare earth metal raw material rotates in the non-rare earth metal raw material melt; the rare earth metal raw materials below a preset scale are all dispersed in the non-rare earth metal raw material melt to form an alloy melt; the rotating rod is lifted through the lifting motor, so that the rest rare earth metal raw material is driven to lift;
(4) heating the alloy melt by a heating device;
(5) starting the turnover motor, enabling the turnover motor to drive the driving shaft to rotate, and enabling the driving shaft to drive the driven shaft to rotate, so that the alloy melt in the raw material containing device is poured into the casting ingot mold; and cooling the alloy melt in the casting ingot mold to obtain an alloy product.
According to the method, preferably, a water-cooling coil and/or a heating resistance wire are/is adopted for heating in the step (2); and (4) heating by using a water-cooling coil and/or a heating resistance wire.
The furnace cover can load rare earth metal raw materials, and immerse the rare earth metal raw materials into non-rare earth metal raw material melt, so that the smelting of more than two metal raw materials with larger melting point difference can be met. The furnace cover is provided with the raw material rotary lifting device, so that the amount of the rare earth metal raw material fixed on the raw material rotary lifting device immersed into the non-rare earth metal raw material melt can be adjusted, the components of the alloy can be accurately controlled, the slagging amount is reduced, and the yield of the alloy is improved. The rare earth metal raw material loaded on the metal raw material clamping disc can rotate in the non-rare earth metal raw material melt, so that the dispersion of the rare earth metal raw material is accelerated on one hand, and on the other hand, the non-rare earth metal raw material melt can be stirred, and the yield of the alloy is improved. According to the preferred technical scheme, the rare earth alloy smelting furnace is provided with the monitoring camera, so that the amount of the rare earth metal raw material immersed into the non-rare earth metal raw material melt can be adjusted at any time, the preset scale of the rare earth metal raw material is ensured to be consistent with the liquid level height of the non-rare earth metal raw material melt, and the alloy components are controlled more accurately. The method further improves the yield of the alloy product and shortens the production period of the alloy product by controlling the heating mode.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a furnace cover for a rare earth alloy smelting furnace according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of a furnace cover for a rare earth alloy melting furnace shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a rare earth alloy smelting furnace of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of the rare earth alloy melting furnace shown in fig. 3.
The reference numerals are detailed below:
8-a raw material rotary lifting device; 3-a cover body; 81-fixing the outer cylinder; 82-rotating the rod outer cylinder; 83-rotating rod; 84-a rotating electrical machine; 85-a lifting motor; 86-gear; 87-a rack; 88-a connecting rod; 1-power supply control cabinet; 2-furnace body; 11-furnace lid locking means; 12-a surveillance camera; 13-pressure gauge; 14-infrared temperature measuring device; 15-a raw material containment device; 7-a raw material holding tray; 6-a heating device; 61-intermediate frequency water cooled cable; 62-resistance wire supply line; 63-a water-cooled coil; 64-heating resistance wires; 65-an insulating plate; 66-water-cooled cable sealing means; 67-resistance wire supply line sealing device; 9-a pouring device; 91-top lining; 92-bottom lining; 93-a connecting plate; 94-driving shaft; 95-driven rotating shaft; 96-a turnover motor; 10-casting an ingot mold; 4-vacuum device; 42-vacuum connecting pipe; 41-vacuum valve; 5-an inflation device; 51-a gas-filled tube; 52-inflation valve.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
In the present invention, the degree of vacuum means a relative degree of vacuum, i.e., a difference from atmospheric pressure. The larger the absolute value of the degree of vacuum, the higher the degree of vacuum.
The rare earth alloy smelting furnace is used for smelting rare earth alloy. The rare earth alloy is formed from at least one rare earth metal source and at least one non-rare earth metal source. The melting points of the rare earth metal raw materials and the non-rare earth metal raw materials are usually greatly different, so that the alloy components are not easy to control, the alloy yield is low, and the production period is long. The present invention overcomes such a drawback. Rare earth metal feedstocks include scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu). The non-rare earth metal source material may be selected from zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and the like.
< furnace lid for rare earth alloy melting furnace >
The furnace cover for the rare earth alloy smelting furnace comprises a cover body, a raw material rotary lifting device and a metal raw material clamping disc. The furnace cover of the invention can also comprise a stirring device which is used for stirring the alloy melt in the rare earth alloy smelting furnace. The stirring device may be a device having a stirring function commonly used in the art, such as a mechanical stirring device.
Cover body
The surface of the cover body can be in a circular structure. The center of the cover body is raised upwards, and the raised part is smoothly transited to the edge of the cover body. The central position of the cover body is provided with an opening. The size of the opening ensures that the rotary rod outer cylinder passes through and can move up and down.
The edge of the cover body can be provided with a furnace cover locking device. The furnace cover locking device is used for locking the furnace cover and the furnace body of the rare earth alloy smelting furnace. The furnace cover locking device can be arranged in one or a plurality of, for example, 4. The lid locking means may be evenly distributed over the edge of the lid body.
The cover body can be provided with a far infrared temperature measuring device which is used for monitoring the temperature of metal raw materials in smelting in the rare earth alloy smelting furnace. The cover body can be also provided with a pressure gauge which is used for monitoring the pressure in the rare earth alloy smelting furnace.
Raw material rotary lifting device
The raw material rotating and lifting device comprises a rotating rod, a rotating rod outer barrel, a rotating motor, a fixed outer barrel, a connecting rod, a lifting motor, a gear and a rack; still include metal raw materials clamping disk.
The outer cylinder of the rotating rod is sleeved outside the rotating rod. The rotating rod is rotationally connected with the rotating rod outer cylinder. The rotating rod outer cylinder can penetrate through the cover body according to different heights to be adjusted, or can not penetrate through the cover body.
Two ends of the rotating rod respectively extend out of the rotating rod outer cylinder. One end of the rotating rod penetrates through the cover body to be connected with the metal raw material clamping disc. The other end of the rotating rod is connected with a rotating motor. The rotating motor drives the rotating rod to rotate axially. The outer cylinder of the rotating rod does not rotate axially. The rotating electric machine may employ those known in the art.
The fixed outer cylinder is arranged outside the rotating rod outer cylinder in a sliding sealing manner. One end of the fixed outer cylinder is fixed on the upper surface of the cover body. The other end of the fixed outer cylinder is hermetically connected with the rotary rod outer cylinder; for example, the two are hermetically connected by a sealing ring. The fixed outer cylinder can be a hollow cuboid. A cavity is formed among the cover body, the rotary rod outer cylinder and the fixed outer cylinder. Thus, the air tightness of the rare earth alloy smelting furnace can be improved.
The gear and the rack are both positioned in the cavity. The rack is arranged on the rotary rod outer cylinder and is positioned at the position of the rotary rod outer cylinder corresponding to the gear. The gear and the rack are arranged to be able to mesh with each other.
One end of the connecting rod is connected with the lifting camera. The other end of the connecting rod passes through the side wall of the fixed outer cylinder and is connected with the gear. The lifting motor can drive the connecting rod and drive the gear to rotate, and the gear drives the rack to move up and down, so that the rotating rod and the rotating rod outer barrel move up and down.
The metal raw material clamping disc is fixed on the rotating rod and used for loading the rare earth metal raw material. The load means that the rare earth metal raw material can be held by the metal raw material holding plate. It can be held in a number of ways, such as by a holder, a hanger, etc.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, a metallic material holding plate includes a connecting member and a holding member. The connecting member may be disc-shaped. The connecting piece is fixedly connected with one end of the rotating rod penetrating through the cover body. The connecting component is fixed with a clamping component. The rare earth metal raw material is loaded on the clamping member and moves along with the rotation and up-and-down movement of the rotating rod.
< smelting furnace for rare earth alloy >
The rare earth alloy smelting furnace comprises the furnace cover, and also comprises a furnace body, a raw material containing device, a heating device, a casting ingot mold, a pouring device and a vacuum-aerating device. Optionally, the rare earth alloy smelting furnace of the present invention may further include one or more of a power control cabinet, a monitoring camera, and a PLC controller. The specific structure of the furnace lid is as described above. The rest of the rare earth alloy smelting furnace is described in detail below.
Furnace body
The furnace body can be a hollow cylinder. An opening is arranged above the furnace body, and the furnace cover covers the opening. The furnace cover and the furnace body together enclose a furnace chamber. According to one embodiment of the invention, the furnace lid is connected to the furnace body by a furnace lid locking device. After the furnace cover is connected with the furnace body, the rotary rod is positioned above the raw material containing device.
Raw material containing device
The raw material containing device is arranged in the furnace cavity. The raw material containing device is used for immersing the rare earth metal raw material into the non-rare earth metal raw material melt to form an alloy melt. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the raw material containing means is provided at a middle portion of the furnace chamber. The raw material containing device is made of high-temperature resistant materials. The raw material holding device may be a crucible. The crucible may be formed of alkali metal oxide, tungsten, molybdenum, niobium or titanium. And will not be described in detail herein.
Heating device
The heating device of the present invention is used to supply heat to the raw material containing device. Thus, the non-rare earth metal raw material can be melted to form non-rare earth metal raw material melt, and the rare earth metal raw material can be dispersed in the non-rare earth metal raw material melt to form alloy melt.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the heating means comprises a water-cooled coil. The water-cooling coil is composed of a plurality of turns of coils. The water-cooling coil is sleeved outside the raw material containing device. Preferably, the heating device further comprises a heat retention device. The heat preservation device is arranged outside the water-cooling coil and used for improving the heating frequency. More preferably, the heating device further comprises a medium-frequency water-cooled cable and a water-cooled cable sealing device. One end of the medium-frequency water-cooling cable is connected with the water-cooling coil, and the other end of the medium-frequency water-cooling cable can be connected with the output end of the PLC. The water-cooled cable sealing device is arranged at the joint between the intermediate-frequency water-cooled cable and the furnace body, so that the sealing performance of the furnace chamber is ensured.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the heating device further comprises a heating resistance wire. The heating resistance wire is composed of a plurality of turns of resistance wires. The heating resistance wire is sleeved outside the raw material containing device. Preferably, the heating device further comprises a resistance wire supply wire and a resistance wire supply wire sealing device. One end of the resistance wire power supply line is connected with the heating resistance wire, and the other end of the resistance wire power supply line can be connected with the output end of the PLC. The resistance wire power supply sealing device is arranged at the joint between the resistance wire power supply line and the furnace body, thereby ensuring the sealing property of the furnace chamber.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, the heating means comprises a hot wire and a water-cooled coil. The water-cooling coil is composed of a plurality of turns of coils. The heating resistance wire is composed of a plurality of turns of resistance wires. The water-cooling coil is sleeved outside the raw material containing device. The heating resistance wire is sleeved outside the raw material containing device. The water-cooling coil and the heating resistance wire are arranged at intervals. Specifically, the single-turn coil of the water-cooling coil and the single-turn resistance wire of the heating resistance wire are alternately arranged. Preferably, the heating device further comprises an insulating plate. The insulating plate may be a wooden plate. The insulation board is axially arranged on the outer sides of the water-cooling coil and the heating resistance wire along the raw material containing device and is used for preventing short circuit between the water-cooling coil and the heating resistance wire. More preferably, the heating device further comprises an intermediate frequency water-cooled cable, a water-cooled cable sealing device, a resistance wire power supply line and a resistance wire power supply line sealing device. One end of the medium-frequency water-cooling cable is connected with the water-cooling coil, and the other end of the medium-frequency water-cooling cable can be connected with the output end of the PLC. The water-cooled cable sealing device is arranged at the joint between the intermediate-frequency water-cooled cable and the furnace body, so that the sealing performance of the furnace chamber is ensured. One end of the resistance wire power supply line is connected with the heating resistance wire, and the other end of the resistance wire power supply line can be connected with the output end of the PLC. The resistance wire power supply sealing device is arranged at the joint between the resistance wire power supply line and the furnace body, thereby ensuring the sealing property of the furnace chamber.
Casting ingot mould
The casting ingot mould is arranged in the furnace chamber and positioned below the raw material containing device, and is used for collecting the alloy melt poured out of the raw material containing device and cooling the alloy melt. The shape and structure of the casting ingot mold are not particularly limited.
Dumping device
The pouring device can support the raw material containing device and can pour the alloy melt in the raw material containing device into the casting ingot mold.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the dumping device comprises a top lining, a bottom lining, a connecting plate, a main rotating shaft, a secondary rotating shaft and a turnover motor.
The top furnace lining is sleeved on the upper part of the raw material containing device. The bottom furnace lining is sleeved at the lower part of the raw material containing device.
One end of the connecting plate is connected with the top furnace lining, and the other end of the connecting plate is connected with the bottom furnace lining. The connecting plate includes first connecting plate and second connecting plate at least, first connecting plate with the second connecting plate sets up relatively.
One end of the driving shaft is fixedly connected with the first connecting plate, and the other end of the driving shaft penetrates through the side wall of the furnace body and is connected with the overturning motor. The controlled end of the turnover motor can be connected with the output end of the PLC. One end of the driven shaft is fixedly connected with the second connecting plate, and the other end of the driven shaft is rotatably connected with the side wall of the furnace body. The overturning motor is set to be capable of driving the driving shaft to rotate, and the driving shaft drives the driven shaft to rotate, so that the overturning of the raw material containing device is realized.
Vacuum-gas filling device
The vacuum-gas charging device is connected with the furnace body and is used for vacuumizing the furnace chamber and introducing protective gas into the furnace chamber.
The vacuum-inflator includes a vacuum device and an inflator.
The vacuum device may include a vacuum connection tube, a vacuum valve, and a vacuum apparatus. The controlled end of the vacuum equipment can be connected with a PLC controller. One end of the vacuum connecting pipe is connected with vacuum equipment, and the other end of the vacuum connecting pipe is connected with the furnace body. The vacuum connecting pipe is provided with a vacuum valve.
The inflation device comprises an inflation tube, an inflation valve and inflation equipment. The controlled end of the inflating equipment can be connected with the PLC controller. One end of the gas-filled tube is connected with the gas-filled device, and the other end of the gas-filled tube is connected with the furnace body. An inflation valve is arranged on the inflation tube.
Power control cabinet and PLC controller
The power control cabinet is arranged on one side of the furnace body.
The PLC controller is arranged in the power control cabinet. The output end of the PLC controller can be connected with one or more of a control end of the turnover motor, one end of the intermediate-frequency water-cooling cable, far away from the water-cooling coil, one end of the resistance wire power supply line, far away from the heating resistance wire, a controlled end of the lifting motor, a controlled end of the rotating motor and a controlled end of the vacuum-inflation device. The input end of the PLC controller can be connected with the output end of the infrared temperature measuring device.
Monitoring camera
The monitoring camera is arranged in the furnace cavity and is used for shooting the process of forming alloy melt by immersing the rare earth metal raw material into non-rare earth metal raw material melt in the raw material containing device and the state of the alloy melt. In the process of dispersing the rare earth metal raw material in the non-rare earth metal raw material melt, the liquid level of the melt rises due to the dispersion of the rare earth metal raw material, so that a monitoring camera is needed to observe the amount of the rare earth metal raw material immersed in the melt at any time so as to adjust at any time, and the preset scale of the rare earth metal raw material is overlapped with the height of the liquid level of the melt. Firstly, the dosage of non-rare earth metal raw materials is ensured, secondly, the preset scale of the rare earth metal raw materials is obtained through calculation of the rare earth alloy composition, and then the preset scale is ensured to be consistent with the height of the liquid level of the molten liquid. Thus, too much rare earth metal raw material can be prevented from being melted, and too little melted rare earth metal raw material can be prevented, so that the accuracy of the rare earth alloy composition is ensured. In addition, this also shortens the production cycle.
< method of melting furnace Using rare earth alloy >
The rare earth alloy smelting furnace can be used for producing rare earth alloy, and the production method can comprise (1) a rare earth metal raw material loading step and (2) a non-rare earth metal raw material melt production step; (3) producing alloy melt; (4) a heating step: (5) and (5) forming. As described in detail below.
In the step (1), strip-shaped rare earth metal raw materials with scales are loaded on a metal raw material clamping disc, non-rare earth metal raw materials are added into a raw material containing device, a furnace cover is covered on a furnace body, and the operations of vacuumizing and filling protective gas are repeated, so that the furnace chamber is filled with the protective gas. The rare earth metal raw material may be in the shape of a cylinder or a strip.
The rare earth metal raw material can be one or more selected from lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, yttrium and scandium. Preferably, the rare earth metal source is selected from one of lanthanum, cerium or a praseodymium and neodymium mixture. More preferably, the rare earth metal source is cerium. The mass ratio of praseodymium to neodymium in the praseodymium and neodymium mixture can be 2-0.5: 1; preferably 1.5-0.5: 1; more preferably 1 to 0.5: 1.
The weight of the rare earth metal raw material in each scale interval can be 50-1000 g; preferably 100-800 g; more preferably 300 to 700 g.
The non-rare earth metal raw material can be one or more of zinc, copper, nickel, aluminum, magnesium, calcium and iron. The non-rare earth metal source material may be cut into small pieces for use. The size of the small blocks can be (20-5) × (10-2) cm; preferably (18-7) × (8-3) cm; more preferably (13 to 7) × (6 to 3) cm. According to one embodiment of the invention, the non-rare earth metal source is zinc. The apparatus and method of the present invention are particularly suitable for forming rare earth-zinc alloys.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the evacuation and the filling of the protective gas are repeated twice. The shielding gas may be argon. Performing primary vacuum pumping operation to enable the pressure in the furnace cavity to reach below 10 Pa; preferably 5Pa or less; more preferably 2Pa or less. Protective gas is filled for the first time, so that the vacuum degree in the furnace chamber is between-0.01 and-0.1 MPa; preferably-0.03 to-0.09 MPa; more preferably-0.05 to-0.07 MPa. Performing secondary vacuum pumping operation to enable the pressure in the furnace cavity to reach below 10 Pa; preferably 5Pa or less; more preferably 2Pa or less. Protective gas is filled for the second time, so that the vacuum degree in the furnace chamber is between-0.001 and-0.05 MPa; preferably-0.005 to-0.03 MPa; more preferably-0.008 to-0.015 MPa.
In the step (2), the non-rare earth metal raw material in the raw material containing device is heated by the heating device until the non-rare earth metal raw material is completely melted to form a non-rare earth metal raw material melt. The temperature of the non-rare earth metal raw material melt can be 400-480 ℃; preferably, the temperature of the non-rare earth metal raw material melt is 419.5-469.5 ℃. And heating by using a water-cooling coil and/or a heating resistance wire. In certain embodiments, water-cooled coils are used for heating. In other embodiments, heating is performed using a heating resistance wire. In still other embodiments, the water-cooled coils and the heating resistance wires are used for heating simultaneously. Thus, the temperature control effect is better, and the accuracy of the rare earth alloy composition is favorably ensured.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the step (2), the heating power of the water-cooling coil is adjusted to 2-8 kW to preheat the non-rare earth metal raw material in the raw material accommodating device for 3-15 min, then the power is adjusted to 5-18 kW to melt the non-rare earth metal raw material completely, and when the temperature of the infrared detection device rises to 400-480 ℃, the heating power is adjusted to 5-15 kW. Preferably, the heating power of the water-cooling coil is adjusted to 4-6 kW to preheat the non-rare earth metal raw materials in the raw material containing device for 3-7 min, then the power is adjusted to 8-12 kW to completely melt the non-rare earth metal raw materials, and when the temperature of the infrared detection device rises to 410-430 ℃, the heating power is adjusted to 6-10 kW.
In other embodiments of the invention, in the step (2), the temperature of the molten metal in the furnace chamber is set to 410-480 ℃, and the non-rare earth metal raw material is heated by the heating resistance wire until the non-rare earth metal raw material is completely melted. Preferably, the temperature of the molten liquid in the furnace chamber is set to be 460-475 ℃, and the non-rare earth metal raw materials are heated by heating resistance wires until the non-rare earth metal raw materials are completely melted.
In still other embodiments of the present invention, in the step (2), the heating power of the water-cooling coil is adjusted to 2 to 8kW to preheat the non-rare earth metal raw material in the raw material accommodating device for 3 to 15min, then the power is adjusted to 5 to 18kW to completely melt the non-rare earth metal raw material, and then the heating of the water-cooling coil is stopped. And starting the heating resistance wire to enable the temperature of the second molten metal in the furnace cavity to reach 420-460 ℃. Preferably, the heating power of the water-cooling coil is adjusted to 4-6 kW to preheat the non-rare earth metal raw materials in the raw material containing device for 3-7 min, then the power is adjusted to 8-12 kW to completely melt the non-rare earth metal raw materials, and then the heating of the water-cooling coil is stopped. And starting the heating resistance wire to enable the temperature of the second molten metal in the furnace cavity to reach 430-450 ℃.
In the step (3), the lifting motor is started to drive the connecting rod and drive the gear to rotate, and the gear drives the rack to move downwards, so that the rotating rod and the outer cylinder of the rotating rod move downwards, and the rare earth metal raw material also moves downwards; immersing the rare earth metal raw material into the non-rare earth metal raw material melt until the preset scale of the rare earth metal raw material is superposed with the liquid level of the non-rare earth metal raw material melt; then starting the rotating motor to enable the rotating rod to axially rotate, so that the rare earth metal raw material rotates in the non-rare earth metal raw material melt; the rare earth metal raw materials below a preset scale are all dispersed in the non-rare earth metal raw material melt to form an alloy melt; the rotating rod is lifted through the lifting motor, so that the residual rare earth metal raw material is driven to lift. Preferably, the method further comprises the step of observing the amount of the rare earth metal raw material immersed into the metal raw material melt through a monitoring camera in the process of dispersing the rare earth metal raw material, and adjusting the amount at any time.
In the step (3), the rotating speed of the rotating rod can be 20-80 r/min; preferably, 30 to 60 r/min; more preferably 35 to 45 r/min.
In the step (4), the alloy melt is heated by a heating device. In certain embodiments, heating is performed using a heating resistance wire. In other embodiments, the water-cooled coil and the heating resistance wire are used for heating simultaneously. Thus, the temperature control effect is better, and the accuracy of the rare earth alloy composition is favorably ensured.
In some embodiments, in the step (4), the heating power of the water-cooling coil is adjusted to 10-20 kW, then the alloy melt is stirred for 1-5 min, and then the heating power is reduced to 2-8 kW. Preferably, the heating power of the water-cooling coil is adjusted to 13-18 kW, then the alloy melt is stirred for 2-4 min, and then the heating power is reduced to 3-6 kW.
In other embodiments, in the step (4), the temperature of the alloy melt in the furnace chamber is adjusted to 410-450 ℃ by the heating resistance wire, and is kept for 10-50 min. Preferably, the temperature of the alloy melt in the furnace chamber is adjusted to 420-440 ℃ by a heating resistance wire, and is kept for 15-30 min.
In the step (5), the turnover motor is started, so that the turnover motor drives the driving shaft to rotate, and the driving shaft drives the driven shaft to rotate, so that the alloy melt in the raw material containing device is poured into the casting ingot mold; and cooling the alloy melt in the casting ingot mold to obtain an alloy product.
The cooling time in the step (5) can be 10-40 min; preferably 20-30 min.
The test method is described below:
the preparation time is as follows: the time from the start of electrically heating the raw material container in step (2) to the time when all the alloy melt in the raw material container is poured into the ingot casting mold in step (5). The time was taken to be in the form of a table second.
The content of rare earth metals in the alloy product is as follows: detecting the alloy with the rare earth metal content of less than 10 wt% by adopting inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES); and detecting the content of the rare earth in the alloy product by adopting a gravimetric method for the alloy with the content of the rare earth metal more than or equal to 10 wt%.
The specific operation of the weight method is as follows: weighing moThe alloy product of (1) is subjected to acid decomposition to form a volume VoThe volume V of the sample solution is taken out of the sample solution1Precipitating the rare earth elements in the sample with hydrofluoric acid to form a rare earth precipitate, thereby separating the rare earth elements from other elements; dissolving the rare earth precipitate with hydrochloric acid, then precipitating the rare earth elements with oxalic acid under the condition that the pH value is 1.8-2.0 to form rare earth oxalate, separating residual other impurities, and placing the rare earth oxalate with the mass of m at 950 DEG C2The platinum crucible was fired to a constant weight, and the weight of the platinum crucible and the fired material was weighed as m1. The rare earth metal content was calculated using the following formula:
Figure BDA0002849774420000181
wherein m is1The mass of the platinum crucible and the fired material is expressed in grams (g);
m2represents the mass of the platinum crucible in grams (g);
Voexpressed as total volume of test solution in milliliters (mL);
morepresents the mass of the alloy product in grams (g);
V1represents the volume of the sample in milliliters (mL);
k represents the conversion coefficient of the rare earth element and the oxide thereof, and is calculated according to the following formula:
k＝∑ki·Pi
in the formula: k is a radical ofi-the conversion factor of each rare earth element to its oxide;
Pi-the mass fraction of each rare earth oxide in the rare earth oxide.
Yield of rare earth metal in alloy: the calculation formula is [ (the content of the rare earth metal in the alloy product multiplied by the weight of the alloy)/the weight of the rare earth metal raw material required in the designed alloy ] × 100%.
Example 1
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a furnace cover for a rare earth alloy melting furnace according to the present invention, and fig. 2 is a sectional view of the furnace cover for a rare earth alloy melting furnace shown in fig. 1. The furnace cover for a rare earth alloy smelting furnace of the present embodiment includes a cover body 3 and a raw material rotary elevating device 8. The rotary lifting device 8 comprises a rotary rod 83, a rotary rod outer cylinder 82, a rotary motor 84, a fixed outer cylinder 81, a connecting rod 88, a lifting motor 85, a gear 86 and a rack 87, and further comprises a metal raw material clamping disc 7.
The surface of the cover body 3 is of a circular structure, the center of the cover body is upwards protruded, and the protruded part is smoothly transited to the edge of the cover body 3. The central point of the cover body 3 is provided with an opening, and the size of the opening can enable the rotating rod outer cylinder 82 to pass through and move up and down.
The rotating rod outer cylinder 82 is sleeved outside the rotating rod 83, and the rotating rod 83 is rotatably connected with the rotating rod outer cylinder 82. The rotary rod outer cylinder 82 can pass through the opening of the cover 3 according to different adjusting heights, or can be arranged above the opening.
Both ends of the rotating rod 83 protrude from the rotating rod outer cylinder 82, respectively. One end of the rotating rod 83 passes through an opening provided in the lid 3 and is connected to the metal material holding tray 7. The other end of the rotating rod 83 is connected to a rotating motor 84. The rotating motor 84 drives the rotating rod 83 to rotate axially.
The fixed outer cylinder 81 is a hollow rectangular parallelepiped. A fixed outer cylinder 81 is slidably fitted over the outside of the rotating rod outer cylinder 82. One end of the fixed outer cylinder 81 is fixed to the upper surface of the lid body 3, and the other end of the fixed outer cylinder 81 is connected to the rotary outer cylinder 82 through a seal ring. A cavity is formed among the cover body 3, the rotating rod outer cylinder 82 and the fixed outer cylinder 81. The connecting rod 88 passes through the side wall of the fixed outer cylinder 81. One end of the connecting rod 88 extending into the fixed outer cylinder 81 is connected with the gear 86 in the cavity, and the other end of the connecting rod 88 is connected with the lifting motor 85. The rotating rod outer cylinder 82 is provided with a rack 87 that engages with the gear 86 at a position thereof corresponding to the gear 86. The lifting motor 85 drives the connecting rod 88 and drives the gear 86 to rotate, and the gear 86 drives the rack 87 to move up and down, so that the rotary rod 83 and the rotary rod outer cylinder 82 move up and down along the furnace cover opening.
The metallic material holding plate 7 includes a plate-like connecting member and a holding member. The disc-shaped connecting member is connected to one end of the rotating rod 83 passing through the opening provided in the lid body 3. The clamping component is fixed on the disk-shaped connecting piece. The rare earth metal raw material is loaded on the holding member and moves with the rotation and up-and-down movement of the rotating rod 83. The loaded rare earth metal raw material can be immersed in a non-rare earth metal raw material melt in the furnace body of the rare earth alloy melting furnace and rotated therein.
Example 2
The procedure of example 1 was followed, except that the following structure was used:
the furnace lid of this embodiment further includes: an infrared temperature measuring device 14, a pressure gauge 13 and a furnace cover locking device 11.
The infrared detection device 14 is provided on the lid body 3 and monitors the temperature of the melting raw material.
The pressure gauge 13 is arranged on the cover body 3 and used for detecting the pressure in the rare earth alloy smelting furnace.
The furnace cover locking devices 11 are arranged in a plurality of numbers, are averagely and dispersedly arranged on the edge of the cover body 3 and lock the furnace cover 3 and the furnace body of the rare earth alloy smelting furnace.
Example 3
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a rare earth alloy smelting furnace of the present invention. Fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of the rare earth alloy melting furnace shown in fig. 3. The rare earth alloy smelting furnace of the present embodiment includes: the furnace comprises a furnace cover 3, a furnace body 2, a raw material containing device 15, a heating device 6, a casting ingot mold 10, a pouring device 9, a vacuum-aerating device, a power control cabinet 1, a monitoring camera 12 and a PLC (programmable logic controller). The furnace lid 3 is as shown in example 2.
The power control cabinet 1 is arranged on one side of the furnace body 2. The PLC controller is arranged in the power control cabinet 1. The power supply control cabinet can control the power supply power.
The output end of the infrared temperature measuring device 14 is connected with the input end of the PLC controller. The controlled end of the lifting motor 85 and the controlled end of the rotating motor 84 are respectively connected with the output end of the PLC.
The furnace cover 3 is arranged above the furnace body 2 and is connected with the furnace body 2 in a locking way through a furnace cover locking device 11. The furnace lid 3 and the furnace body 2 form a furnace chamber.
The raw material containing device 15 is a tungsten crucible, which is disposed in the middle of the furnace chamber. The raw material rotary lifting device 8 is provided directly above the raw material container 15.
The heating device 6 comprises a water-cooling coil 63, a heat preservation device, an intermediate frequency water-cooling cable 61, a water-cooling cable sealing device 66, a heating resistance wire 64, a resistance wire power supply line 62, a resistance wire power supply sealing device 67 and an insulating plate 65.
The water-cooling coil 63 is sleeved outside the raw material containing device 15. One end of the medium-frequency water-cooling cable 61 is connected with the water-cooling coil 63, and the other end of the medium-frequency water-cooling cable 61 is connected with the output end of the PLC. The water-cooled cable sealing device 66 is arranged at the joint between the intermediate-frequency water-cooled cable 61 and the furnace body 2, so that the sealing performance of the furnace chamber is ensured. The heat preservation device is arranged outside the water-cooling coil 63, and heating efficiency is improved.
The heating resistance wire 64 is sleeved outside the raw material containing device 15. One end of the resistance wire power supply line 62 is connected with the heating resistance wire 64, and the other end of the resistance wire power supply line 62 is connected with the output end of the PLC. The resistance wire power supply sealing device 67 is arranged at the connecting position between the resistance wire power supply line 62 and the furnace body 2, and the sealing performance of the furnace chamber is ensured.
The water-cooling coil 63 and the heating resistance wire 64 are arranged at intervals. The insulating plate 65 is a wooden plate. The insulating plate 65 is provided outside the water-cooling heating coil 63 and the resistance heating wire 64 in the longitudinal direction of the material accommodating device 15, and prevents a short circuit between the water-cooling coil 63 and the resistance heating wire 64.
The casting ingot mold 10 is disposed in the furnace chamber and directly below the raw material container 15, and the casting ingot mold 10 collects the melt poured out of the raw material container 15 and cools it.
The dumping device 9 includes a top lining 91, a bottom lining 92, a connecting plate 93, a main rotating shaft 94, a secondary rotating shaft 95, and a turn-over motor 96.
The top lining 91 is fitted over the raw material receiver 15. The bottom lining 92 is fitted over the lower portion of the raw material container 15. The connecting plate 93 includes at least a first connecting plate and a second connecting plate, which are disposed opposite to each other. One end of the connection plate 93 is connected to the top lining 91, and the other end of the connection plate 93 is connected to the bottom lining 92.
One end of the driving shaft 94 is fixedly connected with the first connecting plate, and the other end of the driving shaft 94 passes through the side wall of the furnace body 2 and is connected with the turnover motor 96. The controlled end of the turnover motor 96 is connected with the output end of the PLC controller. One end of the driven shaft 95 is fixedly connected with the second connecting plate, and the other end of the driven shaft 95 is rotatably connected with the side wall of the furnace body 2. The turning motor 96 drives the driving shaft 94 to rotate, and the driving shaft 94 drives the driven shaft 95 to rotate, so that the raw material containing device 15 is turned.
The vacuum-inflator includes a vacuum device 4 and an inflator 5.
The vacuum apparatus 4 includes a vacuum connection pipe 42, a vacuum valve 41, and a vacuum device. The controlled end of the vacuum equipment is connected with the PLC controller. One end of the vacuum connecting pipe 42 is connected with a vacuum device, and the other end of the vacuum connecting pipe 42 is connected with the furnace body 2. The vacuum connection pipe 42 is provided with a vacuum valve 41.
The inflator 5 includes an inflation tube 51, an inflation valve 52, and an inflation apparatus. The controlled end of the air charging equipment is connected with the PLC controller. One end of the gas-filled tube 51 is connected with gas-filled equipment, and the other end of the gas-filled tube 51 is connected with the furnace body 2. The inflation tube 51 is provided with an inflation valve 52.
The monitoring camera 12 is arranged in the furnace chamber and above the raw material containing device 15, and is used for shooting the process of forming alloy melt in the process that the rare earth metal raw material is immersed in the non-rare earth metal raw material melt in the raw material containing device 15 and the state of the alloy melt, so that the immersion amount of the rare earth metal raw material can be adjusted at any time, and the accurate control of alloy components is realized.
Example 4
The same as example 3 except for the following structure:
the heating device 6 of this embodiment does not include the heating resistance wire 64, the resistance wire supply wire 62 and the resistance wire supply sealing device 67. The heating device 6 comprises a water-cooling coil 63, a heat preservation device, an intermediate frequency water-cooling cable 61 and a water-cooling cable sealing device 66.
The water-cooling coil 63 is sleeved outside the raw material containing device 15. One end of the medium-frequency water-cooling cable 61 is connected with the water-cooling coil 63, and the other end of the medium-frequency water-cooling cable 61 is connected with the output end of the PLC. The water-cooled cable sealing device 66 is arranged at the joint between the intermediate-frequency water-cooled cable 61 and the furnace body 2, so that the sealing performance of the furnace chamber is ensured. The heat preservation device is arranged outside the water-cooling coil 63, and heating efficiency is improved.
Example 5
The same as example 3 except for the following structure:
the heating device 6 of the present embodiment does not include the water-cooling coil 63, the heat retaining device, the intermediate frequency water-cooling cable 61 and the water-cooling cable sealing device 66. The heating means 6 comprises a heating resistance wire 64, a resistance wire supply wire 62 and a resistance wire supply seal 67.
The heating resistance wire 64 is sleeved outside the raw material containing device 15. One end of the resistance wire power supply line 62 is connected with the heating resistance wire 64, and the other end of the resistance wire power supply line 62 is connected with the output end of the PLC. The resistance wire power supply sealing device 67 is arranged at the connecting position between the resistance wire power supply line 62 and the furnace body 2, and the sealing performance of the furnace chamber is ensured.
Examples 6 to 8
(1) Preparing rare earth metal raw materials into strip shapes with scales, wherein the weight of the rare earth metal raw materials in each scale interval is 500g, using the rare earth metal raw materials as the rare earth metal raw materials, and cutting zinc into small blocks of 10 multiplied by 5cm, using the small blocks as non-rare earth metal raw materials.
The rare earth metal raw material is supported on the raw material holding plate 7. The desired weight of non-rare earth metal feedstock is added to the feedstock containing means 15. The furnace cover 3 is locked with the furnace body 2 through a furnace cover locking device 11. Starting the vacuum device 4 to vacuumize the furnace chamber, so that the pressure in the furnace chamber reaches below 2 Pa. Starting the gas charging device 5, and charging argon gas into the furnace chamber to ensure that the vacuum degree in the furnace chamber reaches-0.05 MPa. And starting the vacuum device 4 again to vacuumize the furnace chamber, so that the pressure in the furnace chamber reaches below 2 Pa. Then starting the air charging device 5, and charging nitrogen into the furnace chamber again to ensure that the vacuum degree in the furnace chamber reaches-0.01 MPa.
(2) The heating power of the water-cooling coil 63 is adjusted to 5kW to preheat the non-rare earth metal raw material in the raw material accommodating device 15 for 5min, then the power is increased to 10kW until the non-rare earth metal raw material is completely melted, and the heating power is adjusted to 8kW when the temperature of the infrared detection device 14 is increased to a predetermined temperature.
(3) Starting the lifting motor 85 to drive the connecting rod 88 and the gear 86 to rotate, wherein the gear 86 drives the rack 87 to move downwards, so that the rotating rod 83 and the rotating rod outer cylinder 82 move downwards along the opening of the cover body 3, and the rare earth metal raw material also moves downwards; immersing the rare earth metal raw material into the non-rare earth metal raw material melt until the preset scale of the rare earth metal raw material with the required weight is superposed with the liquid level of the non-rare earth metal raw material melt; then, the rotating motor 84 is started to rotate the rotating rod 83 in the axial direction, thereby rotating the rare earth metal raw material in the non-rare earth metal raw material melt. The rare earth metal raw material is dispersed in the non-rare earth metal raw material melt to form an alloy melt. During the melting process of the rare earth metal raw material, the amount of the rare earth metal raw material immersed into the alloy melt is observed through the monitoring camera 12 and is adjusted at any time. After the rare earth metal raw material of the required weight is completely melted, the rotating rod 83 is lifted by the lifting motor 85, thereby driving the remaining rare earth metal raw material to lift.
(4) The heating power of the water-cooled coil 63 is increased to a predetermined power, then the alloy melt is stirred, and then the heating power is reduced to 5 kW.
(5) The tilting motor 96 is started, so that the tilting motor 96 drives the driving shaft 94 to rotate, and the driving shaft drives the driven shaft 95 to rotate, so that the alloy melt in the raw material containing device 15 is poured into the casting ingot mold 10. And cooling the alloy melt in the casting ingot mold 10 along with the furnace, and then discharging gas to obtain an alloy product.
The kinds and specific parameters of the rare earth metal raw materials used are shown in table 1.
Example 9
Example 6 was followed, except that:
step (2): the temperature of the molten metal in the furnace chamber is set to 469.5 ℃, and the non-rare earth metal raw materials are heated by the heating resistance wire 64 until the non-rare earth metal raw materials are completely melted.
And (4): the temperature of the alloy melt in the furnace chamber is adjusted to 429.5 ℃ by the heating resistance wire 64 and kept for 20 min.
Example 10
Example 6 was followed, except that:
step (2): the heating power of the water-cooling coil 63 is adjusted to 5kW to preheat the non-rare earth metal raw material in the raw material accommodating device 15 for 5min, then the power is increased to 10kW until the zinc is completely melted, and the heating of the water-cooling coil 63 is stopped. The heating resistance wire 64 is turned on to make the temperature of the second molten metal in the furnace chamber reach 439.5 ℃.
(4) The heating power of the water-cooled coil 63 was made to 10kW, then the alloy melt was stirred, and then the heating power was reduced to 5 kW.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002849774420000261
Comparative example
The rare earth alloy is prepared according to the proportion that the content of rare earth metal in the alloy is 41.47 wt%, and a resistance furnace is adopted to smelt the rare earth alloy. Firstly, adding all the prepared non-rare earth metal (zinc) into a crucible, setting the temperature to be 400 ℃, starting a heating program, raising the temperature to 420 ℃ when the temperature of the non-rare earth metal (zinc) reaches 400 ℃, and simultaneously introducing protective gas into the crucible. Keeping for 10min after the non-rare earth metal (zinc) is completely melted, then loading the rare earth metal (lanthanum) into a secondary feeding device (the middle lower part of the secondary feeding device is soaked in the non-rare earth metal melt) with the addition of 200g each time, starting a stirring device (the rare earth metal in the secondary feeding device is melted and dispersed into the non-rare earth metal to form an alloy melt through the rotation of the non-rare earth metal melt) until all the rare earth metal is completely melted into the non-rare earth metal melt, and then pouring the alloy melt into a mold filled with protective gas for cooling. The total preparation time is 55min (from the start of the heating procedure to the time of completely pouring the alloy melt into the die), the yield of the rare earth metal in the alloy is 77.4 wt%, and the content of the rare earth metal in the detected alloy product is 35.42 wt%.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any variations, modifications, and substitutions which may occur to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The furnace cover for the rare earth alloy smelting furnace is characterized by comprising a cover body and a raw material rotary lifting device, wherein the raw material rotary lifting device comprises a rotary rod, a rotary rod outer barrel, a rotary motor, a fixed outer barrel, a lifting motor, a connecting rod, a gear, a rack and a metal raw material clamping disc;
the outer cylinder of the rotating rod is sleeved outside the rotating rod and is rotationally connected with the rotating rod;
two ends of the rotating rod respectively extend out of the rotating rod outer cylinder; one end of the rotating rod penetrates through the cover body to be connected with the metal raw material clamping disc; the other end of the rotating rod is connected with the rotating motor; the rotating motor is used for axially rotating the rotating rod;
the metal raw material clamping disc is arranged to be capable of loading rare earth metal raw materials and immersing the loaded rare earth metal raw materials into non-rare earth metal raw material melt;
the fixed outer cylinder is sleeved outside the rotating rod outer cylinder in a sliding and sealing manner; one end of the fixed outer cylinder is fixed on the upper surface of the cover body, and the other end of the fixed outer cylinder is hermetically connected with the rotary rod outer cylinder; a cavity is formed among the cover body, the rotary rod outer cylinder and the fixed outer cylinder;
one end of the connecting rod is connected with the lifting motor, the other end of the connecting rod penetrates through the side wall of the fixed outer cylinder to be connected with the gear positioned in the cavity, and a rack meshed with the gear is arranged at the position, corresponding to the gear, of the rotating rod outer cylinder; the lifting motor is arranged to drive the connecting rod and drive the gear to rotate; the gear is set to be capable of driving the rack to move up and down, so that the rotating rod and the rotating rod outer barrel can move up and down.
2. The furnace cover according to claim 1, wherein the other end of the fixed outer cylinder is connected with the rotary rod outer cylinder in a sealing manner through a sealing ring.
3. The roof of claim 2, further comprising an infrared temperature measuring device, a pressure gauge, and a roof locking device;
the infrared temperature measuring device is arranged on the cover body and is used for monitoring the temperature of the metal raw material in the smelting process in the rare earth alloy smelting furnace;
the pressure gauge is arranged on the cover body and used for monitoring the pressure in the rare earth alloy smelting furnace;
the furnace cover locking device is arranged at the edge of the cover body.
4. A rare earth alloy smelting furnace, comprising: the furnace lid, furnace body, raw material-holding device, heating device, casting ingot mold, pouring device, and vacuum-aerating device according to any one of claims 1 to 3;
the furnace cover is arranged above the furnace body and encloses a furnace chamber together with the furnace body;
the raw material containing device is arranged in the furnace cavity and is used for immersing the rare earth metal raw material into the non-rare earth metal raw material melt to form alloy melt;
the heating device is used for supplying heat to the raw material accommodating device;
the pouring device is arranged to support the raw material containing device and to pour the alloy melt in the raw material containing device into the casting ingot mold;
the casting ingot mold is arranged in the furnace cavity, is positioned below the raw material containing device and is used for collecting the alloy melt poured out of the raw material containing device and cooling the alloy melt;
the vacuum-gas charging device is connected with the furnace body and is used for vacuumizing the furnace chamber and introducing protective gas into the furnace chamber.
5. The rare earth alloy smelting furnace according to claim 4, wherein the dumping device comprises a top lining, a bottom lining, a connecting plate, a main rotating shaft, a secondary rotating shaft and a tilting motor;
the top furnace lining is sleeved on the upper part of the raw material containing device;
the bottom furnace lining is sleeved at the lower part of the raw material containing device;
one end of the connecting plate is connected with the top furnace lining, and the other end of the connecting plate is connected with the bottom furnace lining;
the connecting plates at least comprise a first connecting plate and a second connecting plate, and the first connecting plate and the second connecting plate are oppositely arranged;
one end of the driving shaft is fixedly connected with the first connecting plate, and the other end of the driving shaft penetrates through the side wall of the furnace body and is connected with the overturning motor;
one end of the driven shaft is fixedly connected with the second connecting plate, and the other end of the driven shaft is rotatably connected with the side wall of the furnace body;
the overturning motor is arranged to drive the driving shaft to rotate, and the driving shaft drives the driven shaft to rotate, so that the raw material containing device is overturned.
6. The rare earth alloy smelting furnace according to claim 5, wherein the heating device comprises a water-cooled coil, a heat preservation device, a heating resistance wire and an insulating plate;
the water-cooling coil is sleeved outside the raw material accommodating device, the heating resistance wire is sleeved outside the raw material accommodating device, and the heating resistance wire and the water-cooling coil are arranged at intervals;
the insulation plate is axially arranged on the outer sides of the water-cooling coil and the heating resistance wire along the raw material containing device and is used for preventing short circuit between the water-cooling coil and the heating resistance wire;
the heat preservation device is arranged outside the water-cooling coil.
7. The rare earth alloy smelting furnace of claim 6, further comprising a power control cabinet; the heating device also comprises an intermediate-frequency water-cooled cable, a water-cooled cable sealing device, a resistance wire power supply line and a resistance wire power supply line sealing device;
the power supply control cabinet is arranged on one side of the furnace body;
one end of the medium-frequency water-cooling cable is connected with the power supply control cabinet, and the other end of the medium-frequency water-cooling cable is connected with the water-cooling coil;
the water-cooled cable sealing device is arranged at the joint between the intermediate-frequency water-cooled cable and the furnace body and is used for ensuring the sealing property of the rare earth alloy smelting furnace;
one end of the resistance wire power supply line is connected with the power control cabinet, and the other end of the resistance wire power supply line is connected with the heating resistance wire;
the sealing device for the resistance wire power supply line is arranged at the joint between the resistance wire power supply line and the furnace body and used for ensuring the sealing property of the rare earth alloy smelting furnace.
8. The rare earth alloy smelting furnace of claim 7, further comprising a monitoring camera and a PLC controller;
the monitoring camera is arranged in the furnace cavity and is used for shooting the process that the rare earth metal raw material in the raw material containing device is immersed into the non-rare earth metal raw material melt to form an alloy melt and the state of the alloy melt;
the PLC controller is arranged in the power control cabinet; the output end of the PLC is respectively connected with the control end of the turnover motor, one end of the intermediate-frequency water-cooling cable, which is far away from the water-cooling coil, one end of the resistance wire power supply line, which is far away from the heating resistance wire, the controlled end of the lifting motor, the controlled end of the rotating motor and the controlled end of the vacuum-gas charging device; the input end of the PLC is connected with the output end of the infrared temperature measuring device.
9. A method for producing an alloy by means of a rare earth alloy smelting furnace as claimed in claim 8, characterized by the steps of:
(1) loading a strip-shaped rare earth metal raw material with scales on a metal raw material clamping disc, adding a non-rare earth metal raw material into a raw material accommodating device, covering a furnace cover on a furnace body, and repeatedly performing vacuumizing and protective gas filling operations to fill protective gas into the furnace chamber;
(2) heating the non-rare earth metal raw material in the raw material accommodating device by using a heating device until the non-rare earth metal raw material is completely melted to form non-rare earth metal raw material melt;
(3) starting a lifting motor, driving a connecting rod and driving a gear to rotate, and driving a rack to move downwards by the gear, so that a rotating rod and an outer barrel of the rotating rod move downwards, and the rare earth metal raw material also moves downwards; immersing the rare earth metal raw material into the non-rare earth metal raw material melt until the preset scale of the rare earth metal raw material is superposed with the liquid level of the non-rare earth metal raw material melt; then starting a rotating motor to drive a rotating rod to axially rotate, so that the rare earth metal raw material rotates in the non-rare earth metal raw material melt; the rare earth metal raw materials below a preset scale are all dispersed in the non-rare earth metal raw material melt to form an alloy melt; the rotating rod is lifted through the lifting motor, so that the rest rare earth metal raw material is driven to lift;
(4) heating the alloy melt by a heating device;
(5) starting the turnover motor, enabling the turnover motor to drive the driving shaft to rotate, and enabling the driving shaft to drive the driven shaft to rotate, so that the alloy melt in the raw material containing device is poured into the casting ingot mold; and cooling the alloy melt in the casting ingot mold to obtain an alloy product.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein:
heating by using a water-cooling coil and/or a heating resistance wire in the step (2);
and (4) heating by using a water-cooling coil and/or a heating resistance wire.
CN202011522750.7A 2020-12-22 2020-12-22 Furnace cover for rare earth alloy smelting furnace, smelting furnace and method Pending CN112484491A (en)

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CN114657420A (en) * 2022-04-08 2022-06-24 包头稀土研究院 Light rare earth-zinc alloy, preparation method and application thereof, and application of smelting container
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114657420A (en) * 2022-04-08 2022-06-24 包头稀土研究院 Light rare earth-zinc alloy, preparation method and application thereof, and application of smelting container
CN114657421A (en) * 2022-04-08 2022-06-24 包头稀土研究院 Ce-Zn alloy, method for producing same and use of smelting vessel
CN114717432A (en) * 2022-04-08 2022-07-08 包头稀土研究院 Zinc holmium alloy, method for the production thereof and use of a container
CN114717433A (en) * 2022-04-08 2022-07-08 包头稀土研究院 Samarium-zinc alloy, production method thereof and application of niobium-containing container
CN114752814A (en) * 2022-04-08 2022-07-15 包头稀土研究院 Heavy rare earth zinc alloy, manufacturing method and application thereof, and application of tungsten-containing container
CN114657421B (en) * 2022-04-08 2023-10-20 包头稀土研究院 Ce-Zn alloy, production method thereof and application of smelting vessel
CN114752814B (en) * 2022-04-08 2023-10-20 包头稀土研究院 Heavy rare earth zinc alloy, method for producing same, use thereof, and use of tungsten-containing container
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CN114657420B (en) * 2022-04-08 2023-10-20 包头稀土研究院 Light rare earth-zinc alloy, preparation method and application thereof and application of smelting container
CN114717432B (en) * 2022-04-08 2023-10-20 包头稀土研究院 Zinc-holmium alloy, method for producing same and use of container

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