CN112483088A - Fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method - Google Patents
Fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method. The method comprises the following steps: step S1, selecting a working station in the upper return airway, installing the drilling and mining integrated machine on the working station and debugging; step S2, drilling a reverse mining drill hole from the upper return airway to the lower horizontal airway through a guide hole drilling machine of the drilling and mining integrated machine; step S3, moving the drilling and production all-in-one machine to the next station; integrally connecting the guide hole drill rod to a reverse production drilling machine of the drilling and production all-in-one machine; installing a reverse mining cutter head on the end part of the drill rod in the lower horizontal roadway, and mining the reverse mining cutter head to the upper return airway in a reverse circulation manner; meanwhile, a drill rod is arranged on the guide hole drilling machine, and a guide hole is formed in the next station; step S4, unloading the reverse mining cutterhead and bringing the cutterhead to a lower horizontal roadway, and then repeating the step S3 until the reverse mining work of one coal face is completed; and S5, detaching the drill rod and the reverse mining cutterhead, fixing the drill rod and the reverse mining cutterhead on the drilling and mining all-in-one machine, conveying the drill rod and the reverse mining cutterhead to the next working face, and repeating the steps S1 to S4 to perform reverse circulation mining work on the coal seam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal mining, and particularly relates to a fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method.
Background
Coal is used as the most main primary energy in China, and most industrial production in China cannot be realized by coal. With the high-intensity mining of coal resources, the coal resources with better coal quality conditions in the east shallow part are gradually exhausted, and the situation of the left thin coal seam with poorer coal quality conditions is still serious, wherein the filling fully-mechanized mining equipment is limited to be used under the condition of mining the thin coal seam, so that the liberation of the thin coal seam faces the serious challenge. Meanwhile, the coal bed with a large dip angle is widely distributed in a plurality of coal production bases of Xinjiang, Gansu, Ningxia, Shanxi, Guizhou, Chongqing, Huainan and the like in China. For the coal seam with large inclination angle, a horizontal subsection fully mechanized mining or fully mechanized caving mining method is generally used, the deformation rate of the coal seam floor with obvious layering in the coal-bearing stratum to the formed space under the action of gravity is increased rapidly, so that the stability of a support-surrounding rock system is greatly reduced, and the probability of production and safety accidents of a working face is multiplied.
The existing mining process of the thin coal seam still adopts a drum shearer to break coal, the traditional drum shearer adopted in the mechanical coal mining process adopts a straddle scraper conveyor and is driven by a matching mode of gear rack-rail meshing, the problems of downward sliding, serious abrasion of rack rails and walking wheels and the like easily occur, the production safety of underground workers is seriously damaged, and the production efficiency and the benefit of the coal mine are influenced. The fully mechanized mining working surface of the steep coal seam faces a plurality of outstanding technical problems, such as difficulty in surrounding rock control due to asymmetric characteristics of mine pressure; the phenomena of slipping, falling and squeezing and biting among the frames of the working surface equipment are aggravated; severe downslide and difficult control in the process of equipment advancing; the sliding of the coal seam floor causes the phenomena of gliding, toppling and the like of all equipment on the working surface; the caving of the fully mechanized mining face, the flying refuse of the face and the like.
Therefore, there is a need to provide an improved solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method, which at least solves the problems that serious problems are easy to occur when a drum coal mining machine is adopted to mine a thin coal layer at present, the production safety of underground workers is damaged, the production efficiency and the benefit of a coal mine are influenced, and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method is used for performing reverse coal mining on a coal seam working face, and comprises the following steps:
step S1, selecting a working station in an upper return airway, installing the drilling and production all-in-one machine on the working station and debugging, wherein the drilling and production all-in-one machine at least comprises a guide hole drilling machine and a reverse production drilling machine;
step S2, the guide hole drilling machine is used for reverse mining drilling machine construction in advance, firstly, a drill rod and a drill bit are connected to the guide hole drilling machine, drilling is carried out on the drill rod and the drill bit from an upper return airway to a lower horizontal lane through the guide hole drilling machine, so as to form a reverse mining guide hole, and the reverse mining guide hole is communicated with the lower horizontal lane;
step S3, unloading the drill rod from the pilot hole drilling machine and moving the drilling and production all-in-one machine to the next station; installing the drill rod on the reverse mining drilling machine, installing a reverse mining cutter head on the end part of the drill rod in a lower horizontal roadway, starting the reverse mining drilling machine, driving the reverse mining cutter head to perform reverse circulation mining on the coal bed along the reverse mining guide hole to an upper return airway until the reverse mining cutter head performs reverse circulation mining to the upper return airway;
when the reverse mining drilling machine carries out reverse circulation mining, a drill rod is arranged on the guide hole drilling machine, a new reverse mining drill hole is drilled at the next station, and the drilling work of the guide hole drilling machine is finished in advance of the reverse mining work of the reverse mining drilling machine;
step S4, after the back mining drilling machine mines at one station, the back mining cutterhead in the upper horizontal lane is detached and brought into the lower horizontal lane, meanwhile, the drill rod of the guide hole drilling machine is suspended, the back mining drilling machine moves forward one station, the suspended drill rod of the guide hole drilling machine is installed on the back mining drilling machine, and then the step S3 is repeated until the back mining work of one coal face is completed;
and S5, detaching and fixing the drill rod and the reverse mining cutterhead on the drilling and mining all-in-one machine, conveying the drill rod and the reverse mining cutterhead to the next working surface, and repeating the steps S1-S4 to perform reverse mining work on the coal seam.
In the fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method, preferably, the pilot hole drilling machine and the reverse mining drilling machine are arranged at a preset interval in the advancing direction of the drilling and mining all-in-one machine;
and the guide hole drilling machine is positioned in front of the advancing direction of the drilling and production all-in-one machine.
In the fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method, the drilling and mining all-in-one machine preferably further comprises a crawler tractor, the guide hole drilling machine and the reverse mining drilling machine are correspondingly arranged on the crawler tractor,
the distance between the reverse mining drilling machine and the guide hole drilling machine can be adjusted through a positioning oil cylinder;
the distance between the guide hole drilling machine and the reverse mining drilling machine is the distance between the centers of two adjacent coal mining stations.
According to the fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method, preferably, the installation and debugging of the drilling and mining all-in-one machine are specifically that the power supply of all motors on the drilling and mining all-in-one machine is switched on, the motors are powered on and observe the steering direction of the motors, an oil inlet and return pipeline between a drilling machine pump truck and an operation vehicle and between the drilling machine is switched on, and a manipulator and a turntable crane are installed on the drilling and mining all-in-one machine; adjusting the direction of the drilling and mining integrated machine according to the inclination angle and the thickness of the coal seam, locking a rail clamping device, fixing the drilling machine by adopting an upper supporting oil cylinder and a lower supporting oil cylinder, and connecting a cooling water system on the drilling and mining integrated machine.
In the above fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method, preferably, the reverse mining drilling machine is correspondingly provided with a reverse mining mechanical arm, and the reverse mining mechanical arm is used for continuously recovering the drill rod during the recovery of the reverse mining drilling machine;
and the guide hole drilling machines are correspondingly provided with guide hole mechanical arms, and the guide hole mechanical arms are used for connecting the drill rods when the guide hole drilling machines drill holes.
In the fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method, the reverse mining drilling machine and a drill rod used by the guide hole drilling machine are preferably mutually universal;
preferably, the reverse production drilling machine and the guide hole drilling machine work simultaneously, and the drill rod taken down during reverse production of the reverse production drilling machine is used for drilling the reverse production guide hole by the guide hole drilling machine.
In the fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method, preferably, in step S4, a drill rod of the reverse mining drilling machine is locked and suspended by slips, and then the reverse mining cutterhead on the drill rod is detached; and transporting the reverse mining cutter head to a lower horizontal roadway;
aligning the reverse mining drilling machine to the reverse mining guide hole of the next station, connecting the drill rod on the reverse mining drilling machine, penetrating the drill rod through the reverse mining guide hole, extending the drill rod into the lower horizontal lane, and installing the reverse mining cutter head on the end part of the drill rod in the lower horizontal lane.
In the above fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method, preferably, the reverse mining cutter comprises a cutter frame, the cutter frame is provided with mechanical teeth and a water jet nozzle, the drill rod and the cutter frame are provided with water through holes, the water through holes are communicated with the water jet nozzle, and high-pressure water is supplied to the water jet nozzle through the water through holes;
the mechanical teeth are driven by the cutter head frame to rotate so as to cut the coal body;
and the water jet nozzle sprays high-pressure water flow to the radial direction of the cutter disc frame outwards so as to crack the coal body in an auxiliary manner.
In the fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method, preferably, the cutter disc frame is of a conical structure, and the water jet nozzles and the mechanical teeth are arranged on the cutter disc frame at intervals in multiple layers;
preferably, the tail part of the cutter head frame is provided with a flushing nozzle, and the flushing nozzle obliquely downwards jets high-pressure water flow along the axial direction of the cutter head frame so as to erode the fallen coal by water power.
In the fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method, preferably, a scraper-type hydraulic conveying groove is arranged in the lower horizontal roadway, and the coal-water mixture in the reverse mining roadway falls into the scraper-type hydraulic conveying groove and is conveyed out.
Compared with the closest prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following excellent effects:
the fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method can be suitable for coal seams with large inclination angles, one guide hole drilling machine and the reverse mining drilling machine are matched with each other to perform reverse circulation mining, the other drilling machine is used for drilling the reverse mining guide hole, and in the time process, the two drilling machines can operate simultaneously and do not influence each other, so that the reverse mining efficiency is improved. And the working mode that the mechanical teeth and the high-pressure water jet nozzles are combined mutually is adopted by the reverse mining cutterhead, the coal mining efficiency of the reverse mining cutterhead can be greatly improved, personnel do not need to enter a reverse mining roadway operation area, and the coal mining method is good in safety, low in cost, high in reliability, high in automation degree and low in labor intensity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of reverse circulation mining and drilling parallel construction in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a reverse circulation mining operation performed by a reverse mining drilling machine in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a coal face construction in an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an inverted mining cutter disc in the embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1. a drill stem; 2. a cutter head; 3. a cutter disc frame; 4. a water through hole; 5. a mechanical tooth; 6. a water jet nozzle; 7. flushing the nozzle; 8. a drill bit; 10. an upper return airway; 20. a lower horizontal lane; 30. drilling and production integrated machine.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments given herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In accordance with a specific embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method. The coal mining method can perform reverse coal mining on the working face of the coal seam with a large inclination angle, namely, coal mining is performed from the lower part to the upper part of the working face of the coal seam. The mining device is divided into a plurality of reverse mining roadways along the direction of the working face, and a plurality of reverse mining holes are arranged in the reverse mining roadways. Four of the reverse mining holes (each reverse mining roadway is 3-5m wide, and the diameter of the reverse mining hole is about the diameter of a reverse mining cutter head) are selected to describe the drilling and mining parallel operation process. When the parallel operation process of the mining drill begins, independent guide hole drilling needs to be carried out, then the mining drill and the propelling circulation operation are carried out, the operation process is simple, and the operation distance of the mining drill is short. The basic operation procedures are as follows: installing a drilling machine → an initial guide hole (drill) → parallel drilling → propelling the drilling machine and moving and loading the cutter head.
Specifically, the reverse circulation coal mining method comprises the following steps:
and step S1, selecting a working station in the upper return airway 10, installing the drilling and production all-in-one machine 30 to the working station and debugging the drilling and production all-in-one machine, wherein the drilling and production all-in-one machine 30 at least comprises a guide hole drilling machine and a reverse production drilling machine.
The main work of installation and commissioning of a drilling rig is:
the installation and debugging of the drilling and production integrated machine 30 are specifically that the power supply of all motors on the drilling and production integrated machine 30 is connected, the motors are powered on and the steering direction is observed, the pump truck of the drilling machine is connected to an oil inlet and return pipeline between the operation vehicle and the drilling machine, a manipulator and a turntable crane are installed on the drilling and production integrated machine 30, and the manipulator comprises a reverse production manipulator and a guide hole manipulator; and adjusting the direction of the drilling and mining integrated machine 30 according to the coal seam inclination angle and the thickness, locking the rail clamping device, fixing the drilling machine by adopting an upper supporting oil cylinder and a lower supporting oil cylinder, and connecting a cooling water system on the drilling and mining integrated machine 30.
Specifically, a drilling machine station is selected in the upper return airway 10, and the bottom plate is cleaned and leveled. Then, the reverse drilling machine is transported to a proper position, the position of the drilling machine is adjusted according to geological information such as the inclination angle and the thickness of a coal seam, the drilling machine is fixed by adopting an upper supporting oil cylinder and a lower supporting oil cylinder, a circulating pump and a pipeline are installed, a power supply and a water source are switched on, the drill rod 1 and the guide hole drill bit 8 are connected to the drilling machine, the guide hole is drilled from top to bottom, and the drill rod 1 is gradually lengthened by a mechanical arm in the drilling process until the drill bit 8 is communicated. Low weight-on-bit is used for soft formations and excessive formations, and higher weight-on-bit is used for hard rock stable formations. In this embodiment, the weight on bit should be gradually reduced by about 3 meters of the horizontal penetration point under drilling. And a drilling stroke and drill rod 1 inclination angle and azimuth angle monitoring sensor is arranged on the guide hole drilling machine so as to monitor the drilling quality of the drilled hole in real time. Particularly, the reverse mining drilling machine needs to guide the hole drilling machine a certain distance in advance, the distance is adjusted through a positioning oil cylinder arranged on a crawler tractor, and the distance between the reverse mining drilling machine and the guide hole drilling machine is the distance between the centers of two adjacent coal mining stations (namely the diameter of a reverse mining cutterhead); the rotation direction of the pilot hole drilling machine is opposite to that of the reverse production drilling machine.
And step S2, the pilot hole drilling machine is constructed in advance by connecting the drill rod 1 and the drill bit 8 on the pilot hole drilling machine, and the drill rod is drilled from the upper return airway 10 to the lower horizontal airway 20 through the pilot hole drilling machine to form a reverse mining pilot hole which is communicated with the lower horizontal airway 20. The lower horizontal roadway 20 is provided with a scraper type hydraulic conveying groove, and the coal-water mixture in the reverse mining roadway falls into the scraper type hydraulic conveying groove and is conveyed out.
In step S2, the first pilot hole drilling is a preparation for the first stope face. Typically, pilot hole drilling uses high-speed drilling. The power head is downwards applied with proper pressure and rotates positively. When the drilling depth is fixed, the self-weight influence of a drilling tool is considered, and the pressure is gradually reduced; if necessary, the balance valve is adjusted to control. In addition, the guide hole drilling quality is monitored and evaluated in real time through a guide hole drilling track monitoring system. For soft coal rock, low bit pressure is adopted, and for hard coal rock, higher bit pressure is adopted. The bit pressure should be gradually reduced about 3 meters below the penetration level.
And step S3, directly unloading the drill rod 1 from the pilot hole drilling machine after the reverse production pilot hole is drilled, so that the drill rod 1 is remained in the reverse production pilot hole, then moving the drilling and production all-in-one machine 30 to the next station, and installing the drill rod 1 in the reverse production pilot hole on the reverse production drilling machine after the reverse production drilling machine is aligned with the reverse production pilot hole. And (3) installing a reverse mining cutter head 2 at the end part of the drill rod 1 in the lower horizontal lane 20, starting a reverse mining drilling machine, driving the reverse mining cutter head 2 to perform reverse circulation mining on the coal bed along the reverse mining guide hole and upwards to the return airway 10 until the reverse mining cutter head 2 performs reverse circulation mining on the upper return airway 10, and drilling a new reverse mining drill hole in the next station by the guide hole drilling machine while performing reverse circulation mining by the reverse mining drilling machine.
In step S3, after the pilot hole is drilled, the pilot hole bit 8 is removed from the lower horizontal lane 20 and the cutter head 2 is attached. The operating platform starts a one-key mining mode, and equipment such as a reverse mining drilling machine, a drill rod 1 rocker arm, a scraper screen and water jet are linked by multiple machines. The memory drilling control system arranged by the guide hole drilling machine can automatically control the drilling rate, the rotating speed, the output power, the water jet pressure, the drilling pressure and the like of the stope face. And at the same time of reverse production, the drilling of the next guide hole is started. The drill rod 1 unloaded in the reverse mining process is used in the guide hole drilling, and the drill rod 1 is shared.
A drill rod 1 of a reverse mining drilling machine needs to be installed in a reverse mining drill hole in advance, then a reverse mining cutter head 2 is installed at the end of the drill rod 1, the reverse mining drilling machine drives the drill rod 1 to rotate and lift the drill rod 1 upwards, and the cutter head can rotate and lift broken coal from bottom to top.
The reverse mining drilling machine is correspondingly provided with a reverse mining mechanical arm, and the reverse mining mechanical arm is used for continuously recovering the drill rod 1 during the recovery of the reverse mining drilling machine; and the guide hole drilling machines are correspondingly provided with guide hole mechanical arms, and the guide hole mechanical arms are used for connecting the drill rods 1 when the guide hole drilling machines drill. The reverse production drilling machine and the drill rod 1 used by the guide hole drilling machine are mutually universal, preferably, the reverse production drilling machine and the guide hole drilling machine work simultaneously, and the drill rod 1 taken down when the reverse production drilling machine performs reverse production is used for drilling the reverse production guide hole by the guide hole drilling machine. The reverse mining mechanical arm and the guide hole mechanical arm have the same structure, and both have the functions of recovering and continuing the drill rod.
And when the reverse mining drilling machine carries out reverse circulation mining, the guide hole drilling machine drills at the next working station, the drill rod 1 and the drill bit 8 are withdrawn to form a new reverse mining guide hole, and the drilling work of the guide hole drilling machine is finished in advance by the reverse mining work of the reverse mining drilling machine.
And step S4, after the reverse mining drilling machine mines at one station, the reverse mining cutterhead 2 is brought into the upper return airway 10, the drill rod 1 of the reverse mining drilling machine is suspended, the reverse mining cutterhead 2 is detached from the drill rod 1, the reverse mining cutterhead 2 is brought into the lower horizontal airway 20, and then the step S3 is repeated until the reverse mining work of a coal face is completed.
And after the back mining drilling machine mines at one station, unloading the back mining cutterhead positioned in the upper horizontal lane and bringing the back mining cutterhead into the lower horizontal lane, suspending the drill rod of the guide hole drilling machine, moving the back mining drilling machine forward by one station, mounting the suspended drill rod of the guide hole drilling machine on the back mining drilling machine, and repeating the step S3 until the back mining work of a coal face is completed.
In step S4, the drill pipe 1 of the pilot hole drilling rig is locked and suspended with slips. The cutterhead of the reverse mining rig is then discharged and transported to the lower roadway. Meanwhile, the mobile drilling machine advances to the next reverse mining roadway position, the reverse mining drilling machine is aligned to the reverse mining guide hole of the next station, a drill rod 1 is connected to the reverse mining drilling machine, the drill rod 1 penetrates through the reverse mining guide hole, the drill rod 1 extends into the lower horizontal roadway 20, a reverse mining cutter head 2 is installed at the end part of the drill rod 1 in the lower horizontal roadway 20, and therefore the drill rod 1 is suspended, the drilling machine is pushed, the cutter head is moved and installed in a linkage mode, and the next reverse mining procedure can be carried out.
Specifically, after the coal mining work of the reverse mining cutterhead 2 in mining is finished, the position of the reverse mining cutterhead is located in the upper return airway 10, at the moment, the cutterhead is dismounted, and the cutterhead is conveyed to the lower horizontal airway 20 from the mining area safety channel through a conveying device; since the cutterhead is located in the upper return airway 10 after reverse circulation mining, and it takes time to transport the cutterhead to the lower horizontal lane 20, a spare reverse mining cutterhead needs to be arranged in the lower horizontal lane, for example, two reverse mining cutterheads are shown in fig. 3, and one of the cutterheads is a spare cutterhead, and mining is performed by using the spare reverse mining cutterhead. I.e. at least one spare cutter head is arranged, which is alternately connected. And (3) while the cutter head is conveyed, integrally moving the drilling and mining integrated machine 30 along the upper air return roadway 10 by one working station to enable the reverse mining drilling machine to correspond to the reverse mining guide hole position of the next working station, putting the drill rod 1 into the reverse mining guide hole through a mechanical arm, connecting the cutter head, and starting the reverse mining drilling machine to perform new reverse mining work. At the moment, the position of the guide hole drilling machine corresponds to the next station needing drilling, and the mechanical arm is connected with the drill rod 1 to realize the drilling work of a new reverse mining guide hole. Thus, the parallel operation of the reverse mining and the pilot hole is formed.
And S5, after the reverse mining of one working face is finished, directly detaching the drill rod 1 and the reverse mining cutterhead 2, fixing the drill rod 1 and the reverse mining cutterhead on the drilling and mining all-in-one machine 30, conveying the drill rod and the reverse mining cutterhead to the next working face, and repeating the steps S1 to S5 to perform reverse mining work on the coal seam.
The drilling and production integrated machine 30 comprises a guide hole drilling machine and a reverse production drilling machine, the rotation directions of the guide hole drilling machine and the reverse production drilling machine are opposite, the guide hole drilling machine and the reverse production drilling machine are identical in structure, the guide hole drilling machine and the reverse production drilling machine are arranged in parallel in the advancing direction of the drilling and production integrated machine 30, and the guide hole drilling machine is located behind the reverse production drilling machine in the advancing direction of the drilling and production integrated machine 30. The guide hole drilling machine and the reverse mining drilling machine are both fixed on the crawler-type tractor, so that the guide hole drilling machine and the reverse mining drilling machine can move simultaneously; and the distance between the two drilling machines is adjusted through a positioning oil cylinder arranged on the crawler tractor, and preferably, the distance between the guide hole drilling machine and the reverse mining drilling machine is the diameter of the reverse mining cutterhead 2. In the embodiment, the crawler tractor is provided with a guide rail, at least one of the guide hole drilling machine and the reverse mining drilling machine is assembled on the guide rail in a sliding mode, and the guide hole drilling machine and the reverse mining drilling machine are provided with positioning oil cylinders so as to adjust the distance between the guide hole drilling machine and the reverse mining drilling machine.
The drilling and mining integrated machine 30 is a core device for completing reverse coal mining construction, and is matched with other auxiliary equipment to form a reverse mining system. The main machine part of the reverse mining drilling machine comprises a main machine, a hydraulic control unit, a pump station, an oil tank, an electric control system and the like. The operation table is the center for controlling and operating the drilling machine, mainly comprises various valves and instruments for controlling and operating, controls the drilling machine through pipelines and cables, and monitors the working state of the drilling machine. The drilling tool part comprises a pilot hole drill bit 8, a reverse mining cutter head 2, a drill rod 1 and the like.
The auxiliary system of the drilling machine comprises cooling, slag discharging, circulating, measuring, water supplying, power supplying and the like. The reverse drilling machine provides rotation and propulsion for the drilling tool, the rotation system is that a pump station generates high-pressure oil to drive a hydraulic motor to rotate, a reduction gearbox reduces the speed to enable a main shaft to generate torque, and then all levels of drill rods 1 connected to the main shaft transmit the torque to a drill bit 8. Meanwhile, high-pressure oil generated by the pump station drives the propulsion oil cylinder to drive the power head to reciprocate along the track of the drill rig, so that the drill bit 8 generates pressure on the coal rocks through the transmission of the drill rod 1, and the rock is crushed under the action of mechanical force in a matching manner.
The drilling and production integrated machine 30 has two drilling mechanisms, one is used for reverse production, the other is used for construction guide holes, and the distance between the two drilling machines can be controlled by a hydraulic oil cylinder between the drilling machines so as to adapt to different reverse production drilling hole overlapping amounts. Two drilling machines are arranged on a platform at the same time, and the whole machine is in the form of one machine and two drilling machines, so that the machine can be called as a machine and two drills. And a drilling stroke and drill rod 1 inclination angle and azimuth angle monitoring sensor is arranged on the guide hole drilling machine so as to monitor and evaluate a drilling track of a drilling hole in real time and perform deviation rectifying operation if necessary. The drilling machine can move automatically through the crawler belt, and the whole drilling machine is connected with the power system through the pin shaft hinge.
When the drilling and mining integrated machine 30 is installed, the whole machine needs to be moved to the proper position and fixed, the station of the drilling machine is adjusted according to information such as the inclination angle and the thickness of a coal seam, the drilling machine is pushed by a standing hydraulic cylinder when being lifted, the drilling frame is erected according to different inclination angles, the drilling frame is adjusted by a lower support and locked, the upper support is firmly propped against a roadway roof, and the rotary table crane, the mechanical arm and the front and rear pull rods are installed, so that drilling can be carried out. The drilling machine can rotate on four sides of the platform, and the inclination angle of the drilling machine is adjustable, so that the drilling machine is suitable for coal beds with various inclination angles and coal beds at various positions. In order to reduce the labor intensity of workers, the procedures of carrying, disassembling and the like of the drill rod 1 of the drilling machine are designed to be completed by an automatic control manipulator.
The mining and drilling integrated drilling machine is provided with the upper jacking oil cylinder, so that the drilling machine is stabilized by using the reaction force provided by the top plate while the top plate is effectively supported. In addition, the weight of the drilling machine, the weight of the drill rod 1 and the weight of the cutterhead and the cutting speed are required to be reduced as much as possible during design and construction.
And after the guide hole is drilled to the upper side of the transportation lane, removing the guide hole drill bit 8 in the transportation lane, installing the reverse mining cutter head 2, and performing reverse mining from bottom to top until the guide hole drill bit is communicated with the upper level. In the reverse mining process, the drill rod 1 is gradually dismantled, and coal bodies in reverse mining automatically slide and fall by gravity on one hand and cut by high-pressure water jets of a cutter head on the other hand.
The main drilling tool for reverse circulation mining is a reverse mining cutterhead 2. The coal breaking principle of the reverse mining cutter head 2 comprises three parts of cutting tooth mechanical coal breaking, high-pressure water jet slotting auxiliary cracking perpendicular to the direction of the drill rod 1 and large-flow hydraulic erosion coal breakage with an included angle of 30-60 degrees with the drill rod 1.
The reverse mining cutter 2 comprises a cutter disc frame 3, mechanical teeth 5 and a water jet nozzle 6 are arranged on the cutter disc frame 3, water through holes 4 are formed in the drill rod 1 and the cutter disc frame 3, the water through holes 4 are communicated with the water jet nozzle 6, and high-pressure water is provided for the water jet nozzle 6 through the water through holes 4; the mechanical teeth 5 are driven by the cutter head frame 3 to rotate so as to cut the coal body; the water jet nozzle 6 sprays high-pressure water flow to the radial direction of the cutter head frame 3 outwards so as to cut seams of the coal body to assist cracking.
The cutter disc frame 3 is provided with common mechanical teeth 5, the high-pressure water jet nozzles 6 are arranged at intervals with the mechanical teeth 5, high-pressure water jet slotting arranged at intervals with the mechanical teeth 5 assists in fracturing, and high-pressure water is sprayed out from the high-pressure water jet nozzles 6 through a drilling hole and a water pipeline arranged in a cutter disc. Preferably, the cutter head frame 3 is of a truss structure, and the truss structure is conical.
The cutter disc frame 3 is of a conical structure, and the water jet nozzles 6 and the mechanical teeth 5 are arranged on the cutter disc frame 3 at intervals in multiple layers; the tail part of the cutter disc frame 3 is provided with a washing nozzle 7, and the washing nozzle 7 obliquely downwards jets high-pressure water flow along the axial direction of the cutter disc frame 3 so as to erode the fallen coal by water power.
In this embodiment, the coal seam is the gas coal, and the coal quality is harder, the crack develops obviously, need not adopt ordinary rock drilling blade disc to grind broken coal, only need adopt mechanical tooth 5 can, need not intensive the arranging moreover, the blade disc basis is truss structure. The reverse mining cutter head 2 adopts an auxiliary hydraulic cutting method to pre-break the coal body, so that the cutting force required by mechanical coal breaking of the cutting teeth can be reduced, the power is reduced, and the cutting teeth can be protected by cooling water; in the process that the cutter head drills upwards, high-pressure water jet lancing is adopted to crack coal bodies about 0.7m around the cutter head, and then the cracked coal bodies are eroded by a high-flow water gun with a drill rod 1 forming an included angle of 30-60 degrees.
The diameter of the cutter head can be regulated and controlled according to the actual thickness of a coal bed on site, the diameter of the cutter head is 2.5m, the hydraulic cutting radius is 0.75m, namely the hydraulic cutting range is a circular ring shape with the width of 0.75m at the periphery of the cutter head, and therefore the total diameter of mechanical and hydraulic coal cutting can reach 4 m.
The coal transportation of the reverse mining roadway mainly adopts self-weight coal transportation and hydraulic flushing coal transportation, and for coal seams with not particularly large inclination angles, raking buckets can be used for assisting in coal raking.
The advantage of using hydraulic flushing to transport coal is that the transportation of coal in the reverse mining roadway can be realized without additional equipment. The tail part of the reverse mining cutter head 2 is provided with a hydraulic flushing drill hole, the original hydraulic coal cutting pipeline is utilized, and the reversing of high-pressure and low-pressure water flow, the high-pressure coal cutting and the low-pressure flushing are realized through an intelligent control technology. The working principle is as follows: high-pressure water jet is adopted to cut coal, then the cut coal is impacted by a hydraulic erosion technology, and the water of the hydraulic erosion also plays a role in conveying the coal by hydraulic power in a reverse mining roadway.
The coal-water mixture conveyed to the lower roadway from the reverse mining roadway finally falls onto the conveying roadway scraper-type hydraulic conveying groove, and the method is a conveying mode of coal water in the conveying roadway and a coal-water separation process.
The drilling and production integrated machine 30 at least comprises a guide hole drilling machine and a reverse production drilling machine, wherein the reverse production drilling machine performs reverse production, the guide hole drilling machine conducts guide holes, and the drilling machine waits for the completion of reverse production (the guide holes are ready for production) after the guide holes.
The key for improving the reverse mining efficiency is the continuity of the reverse mining work. If a drilling machine is adopted, the drilling and the recovery are finished, and the working efficiency is extremely low. Therefore, a form of one machine and two drills is needed, wherein one drill is used, and the next drilling work is finished before the reverse mining work is finished. The parallel drilling and production needs to be realized through an intelligent control technology, and the guide hole is to be produced. The specific process is as follows: before the inverted mining cutter disc 2 is lifted to the drilling machine position, the next guide hole work is finished, the drill rod 1 is fixed in place, and the other inverted mining cutter disc 2 is also installed in place.
The reverse production drilling machine and the guide hole drilling machine share the drill rod 1 (the drill rod 1 is automatically connected), and in order to reduce the labor intensity of workers and improve the drilling efficiency, the reverse production drilling machine and the guide hole drilling machine are mechanically and automatically carried and connected with each other. The length of the drill rod 1 is 1.6-2.0 m, the drill rod 1 is shared during drilling production, and the storage space and the using amount of the drill rod 1 are reduced.
The drilling machine, the scraper and the reverse mining cutter head 2 are linked in a joint control mode, during the propelling period of the drilling machine, the movement of the scraper conveyor and the conveying of the reverse mining cutter head 2 from an upper lane to a lower lane need to be finished, namely, the linkage of the reverse mining machine, the scraper screen and the reverse mining cutter head 2 needs to be finished, and the integral control is needed. The cutter head is transported to a lower lane from an upper lane by a monorail crane, and a scraper in a water tank of the lower lane can be pushed by a winch.
In the production process, data and information such as drilling speed, the position of a drill bit 8, the position of a cutter head, coal breakage amount and the like can be effectively correlated, and commands are issued through a centralized control platform to coordinate and jointly control all subsystems.
The auxiliary transportation system is mainly used for transporting materials and equipment. Drilling machine equipment (namely, a drilling and mining integrated machine), a drill rod 1, a reverse mining cutter head 2 and the like required in the reverse mining process can be transported by a monorail crane. Because whole working face propulsion distance is longer, for the transportation of making things convenient for the blade disc from the upper lane to the lower lane, be provided with at the middle part and ally oneself with the lane, the exploitation earlier stage, accessible far away allies oneself with lane transportation blade disc, and the exploitation later stage can use middle part to ally oneself with the lane transportation.
In this embodiment, the working face of the coal mine is directly jacked by limestone, has a large thickness and is a medium-low strength composite roof, and if the roof is managed by adopting a caving method, the mining process may be interfered, and personnel and equipment may be damaged. Therefore, the design of the reverse mining working face adopts the modes of coal pillar retention or partial filling and the like to control the top plate. The principle of the coal pillar management top plate is similar to that of a room-and-pillar coal mining method, namely, after a coal room is mined, a part of coal pillars are left to support the top plate. The reverse mining working face adopts three embodiments when the partial filling management roof is adopted: the whole filling after the mining of the reverse mining face (continuous mining and full filling), the mining and filling of the reverse mining face at intervals (continuous mining and half filling) and the partial filling of the reverse mining roadway after the mining of the reverse mining roadway (continuous mining and less filling). Compared with the three methods, the continuous mining full-filling technology is similar to the continuous mining technology which is popularized by a new mine group, and the effect of controlling surface subsidence is the best. In contrast, continuous mining is less challenging to roof control, but is most economical. In order to ensure the effect of the lower lane retaining and the operation safety, the lower lane 20 (transportation lane) of the reverse goaf needs to be filled beside the lane. The filling rate is between 20% and 40%, and the filling rate is determined according to the control effect of the top plate.
And in the early stage, boundary tunnel connection ventilation can be adopted, and after the working area of the later working face pushes the middle tunnel connection, in order to reduce the length of a ventilation line and prevent air leakage of a goaf, middle tunnel connection ventilation can be adopted after a sealing wall is arranged on the inner sides of two tunnels.
The reverse mining method is a novel continuous mining and continuous filling process, has good applicability to a large-inclination-angle coal seam, and particularly has higher adaptability and mining efficiency to a steep-inclination thick coal seam. The method has the following technical advantages:
1. the drilling machine is mature, can be realized by only designing devices such as a cutter head, a drill bit and a machine body, and has low cost and relatively less one-time investment.
2. The cutter head is provided with a high-pressure water nozzle, so that the mechanical teeth and the high-pressure water jet nozzle are matched with each other for use,
3. the drilling and production all-in-one machine adopts a crawler-type travelling mechanism, the operation is flexible and convenient, the drilling and production all-in-one machine is simultaneously provided with two drilling machines, and the two drilling machines are mutually matched and do not influence each other.
4. Personnel and main equipment do not enter a reverse mining roadway operation area, so that the roadway does not need to be supported, and compared with the excavation of a heading machine and a continuous mining machine, the safety is good and the cost is low.
5. The coal mining and transporting system is simple, the power system is arranged externally, and the coal mining and transporting system can be used for loading and unloading, is easy to maintain and has high reliability.
6. The capability of adapting to the thickness change of the coal seam is strong. The coal seam with large coal seam thickness change can be adapted in a mode of changing the water jet pressure or the size of the cutter head.
7. The automatic centralized control of the equipment can be realized, the labor consumption is low, and the labor intensity is low.
The above description is only exemplary of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, as any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the invention is intended to be covered by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method is used for performing reverse coal mining on a coal seam working face, and is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step S1, selecting a working station in an upper return airway, installing the drilling and production all-in-one machine on the working station and debugging, wherein the drilling and production all-in-one machine at least comprises a guide hole drilling machine and a reverse production drilling machine;
step S2, the guide hole drilling machine is used for reverse mining drilling machine construction in advance, firstly, a drill rod and a drill bit are connected to the guide hole drilling machine, drilling is carried out on the drill rod and the drill bit from an upper return airway to a lower horizontal lane through the guide hole drilling machine, so as to form a reverse mining guide hole, and the reverse mining guide hole is communicated with the lower horizontal lane;
step S3, unloading the drill rod from the pilot hole drilling machine and moving the drilling and production all-in-one machine to the next station; installing the drill rod on the reverse mining drilling machine, installing a reverse mining cutter head at the end part of the drill rod in a lower horizontal roadway, starting the reverse mining drilling machine, driving the reverse mining cutter head to perform reverse circulation mining on the coal bed along the reverse mining guide hole to an upper return airway until the reverse mining cutter head performs reverse circulation mining to the upper return airway;
when the reverse mining drilling machine carries out reverse circulation mining, a drill rod is arranged on the guide hole drilling machine, a new reverse mining drill hole is drilled at the next station, and the drilling work of the guide hole drilling machine is finished in advance of the reverse mining work of the reverse mining drilling machine;
step S4, after the back mining drilling machine mines at one station, the back mining cutterhead in the upper horizontal lane is detached and brought into the lower horizontal lane, meanwhile, a drill rod of the guide hole drilling machine is suspended, the back mining drilling machine moves forward one station, the suspended drill rod is installed on the back mining drilling machine, and then the step S3 is repeated until the back mining work of one coal face is completed;
and S5, detaching and fixing the drill rod and the reverse mining cutterhead on the drilling and mining all-in-one machine, conveying the drill rod and the reverse mining cutterhead to the next working surface, and repeating the steps S1-S4 to perform reverse mining work on the coal seam.
2. The fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method according to claim 1, wherein the pilot hole drilling machine and the reverse mining drilling machine are arranged at a preset interval in the advancing direction of the drilling and mining integrated machine;
and the guide hole drilling machine is positioned in front of the advancing direction of the drilling and production all-in-one machine.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the drilling and mining integrated machine further comprises a crawler tractor, the pilot hole drilling machine and the reverse mining drilling machine are arranged on the crawler tractor correspondingly,
the distance between the reverse mining drilling machine and the guide hole drilling machine can be adjusted through a positioning oil cylinder;
the distance between the guide hole drilling machine and the reverse mining drilling machine is the distance between the centers of two adjacent coal mining stations.
4. The method for fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining according to claim 2, wherein the installation and debugging of the drilling and mining all-in-one machine are specifically that the power supply of all motors on the drilling and mining all-in-one machine is switched on, the power is switched on, the motor steering is observed, the oil inlet and return pipelines between a drilling machine pump truck and an operation vehicle and between the drilling machines are switched on, and a manipulator and a turntable crane are installed on the drilling and mining all-in-one machine; adjusting the direction of the drilling and mining integrated machine according to the inclination angle and the thickness of the coal seam, locking a rail clamping device, fixing the drilling machine by adopting an upper supporting oil cylinder and a lower supporting oil cylinder, and connecting a cooling water system on the drilling and mining integrated machine.
5. The fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method according to claim 1, wherein a reverse mining mechanical arm is correspondingly arranged on the reverse mining drilling machine, and the reverse mining mechanical arm is used for continuously recovering the drill rod during the recovery of the reverse mining drilling machine;
and the guide hole drilling machines are correspondingly provided with guide hole mechanical arms, and the guide hole mechanical arms are used for connecting the drill rods when the guide hole drilling machines drill holes.
6. The fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method of claim 5, wherein the reverse mining drill rig is in common with drill pipes used by the pilot hole drill rig;
preferably, the reverse production drilling machine and the guide hole drilling machine work simultaneously, and the drill rod taken down during reverse production of the reverse production drilling machine is used for drilling the reverse production guide hole by the guide hole drilling machine.
7. The fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, a drill rod of the reverse mining drilling machine is locked and suspended by slips, and then the reverse mining cutterhead on the drill rod is detached; and transporting the reverse mining cutter head to a lower horizontal roadway;
aligning the reverse mining drilling machine to the reverse mining guide hole of the next station, connecting the drill rod on the reverse mining drilling machine, penetrating the drill rod through the reverse mining guide hole, extending the drill rod into the lower horizontal lane, and installing the reverse mining cutter head on the end part of the drill rod in the lower horizontal lane.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the inverted mining cutter comprises a cutter frame, the cutter frame is provided with mechanical teeth and a water jet nozzle, the drill rod and the cutter frame are provided with water through holes, the water through holes are communicated with the water jet nozzle, and high-pressure water is supplied to the water jet nozzle through the water through holes;
the mechanical teeth are driven by the cutter head frame to rotate so as to cut the coal body;
and the water jet nozzle sprays high-pressure water flow to the radial direction of the cutter disc frame outwards so as to crack the coal body in an auxiliary manner.
9. The fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method according to claim 8, wherein the cutter disc frame is of a conical structure, and the water jet nozzles and the mechanical teeth are arranged on the cutter disc frame at intervals in multiple layers;
preferably, the tail part of the cutter head frame is provided with a flushing nozzle, and the flushing nozzle obliquely downwards jets high-pressure water flow along the axial direction of the cutter head frame so as to erode the fallen coal by water power.
10. A fluidized unmanned reverse circulation coal mining method according to claim 1, wherein a scraper-type hydraulic conveying trough is provided in the lower horizontal roadway, and the coal-water mixture in the reverse mining roadway falls into the scraper-type hydraulic conveying trough and is conveyed out.
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