CN112481528B - High-strength cast aluminum alloy for automobile - Google Patents
High-strength cast aluminum alloy for automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN112481528B CN112481528B CN202011367873.8A CN202011367873A CN112481528B CN 112481528 B CN112481528 B CN 112481528B CN 202011367873 A CN202011367873 A CN 202011367873A CN 112481528 B CN112481528 B CN 112481528B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy material research, and discloses a high-strength cast aluminum alloy for an automobile, wherein the content of each element in a silicon-aluminum alloy is adjusted, the adverse effect of the silicon element on the alloy is eliminated, the extrusion casting process is utilized, the conditions such as temperature, pressure and the like are controlled to act on the microstructure and the mechanical property of a casting, the macroscopic shrinkage cavity and the microscopic shrinkage porosity are obviously eliminated in the casting process, crystal grains are refined, the mechanical property of the casting is further enhanced in the heat treatment process, the strength of the casting is obviously improved, the tensile strength reaches 375-plus-380 MPa, the elongation reaches 12.7-13.0%, and the hardness reaches 126-plus-128 HB; the invention can solve the problems of shrinkage cavity, shrinkage porosity, coarse crystal grains and the like in the casting process of the existing high-silicon aluminum alloy, can manufacture parts with complex properties, has high surface quality of the parts, simple and efficient working procedures and reduces the production cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aluminum alloy material research, and particularly relates to a high-strength cast aluminum alloy for automobiles.
Background
Because the aluminum alloy has light weight, high strength and good toughness, many automobile parts at home and abroad are made of the aluminum alloy material. Aluminum alloys are the most widely used non-ferrous structural materials in industry and have found a number of applications in the aerospace, automotive, mechanical manufacturing, marine, aluminum alloy and chemical industries. Aluminum and aluminum alloys have been widely used in the marine industry, power systems, aerospace, and other fields due to their excellent physical and chemical properties.
With the development of automobile manufacturing industry, the proportion of aluminum alloy materials is increasing year by year. In order to improve the wear resistance and heat resistance of the aluminum alloy, silicon is added to the alloy, and the purpose is effectively achieved. However, high silicon aluminum alloys (silicon content greater than 17%) tend to form coarse primary silicon and eutectic silicon phases during casting due to the high silicon content. The formed parts often have shrinkage cavities and shrinkage porosity, the mechanical property of cast parts is seriously influenced, and the parts with complex shapes cannot be manufactured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the existing problems and provides a high-strength cast aluminum alloy for automobiles.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the high-strength cast aluminum alloy for the automobile comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 11-13% of Si, 3.7-4.0% of Cu, 0.46-0.48% of Zn, 0.08-0.10% of Mg, 0.3-0.4% of Mn, 0.06-0.08% of V, 0.09-0.12% of Zr, 0.06-0.08% of Ti, 0.02-0.03% of RE element, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the main preparation technical means comprises the following steps:
(1) placing alloy preparation raw materials in a resistance furnace for smelting: cleaning and removing impurities from the raw materials, drying, adding Al and Mg, dissolving completely, sequentially adding Ti, Cu, Zn, Mn and Zr, melting completely, adding V, RE element and Si, introducing argon for refining after the furnace burden is melted completely, refining for 11-13 minutes, slightly stirring after refining, heating to 810 and 817 ℃, standing for 5-8 minutes, and removing residues;
(2) pouring the refined alloy melt into a preheated die cavity, wherein the casting temperature is 745-755 ℃, and carrying out extrusion casting, the extrusion equipment is a 1000KN four-column hydraulic press, the initial extrusion speed is 0.018-0.020 m/s, the pressure is 33-36MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 12-14 seconds, the increased extrusion speed is 0.32-0.35 m/s, the pressure is 68-70MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 15-18 seconds, and the alloy melt is completely solidified to obtain a casting;
(3) transferring the processed casting to a heat treatment furnace preheated at 260-265 ℃ for solution heat treatment: the temperature rise speed in the furnace is 1.3-1.4 ℃/min, the solid solution treatment temperature is 517-522 ℃, the treatment time is 3.0-3.5 hours, water quenching is carried out after the solid solution treatment, the water quenching is carried out after the temperature is reduced to 25-30 ℃, then the water quenching is transferred to a box resistance furnace with the temperature of 160-165 ℃ for artificial aging treatment for 6.0-7.0 hours, air cooling is carried out after the aging treatment, and the temperature is cooled to the room temperature.
Further, the argon flow in the step (1) is 8.0-8.2L/min
Further, the preheating temperature of the mold cavity in the step (2) is 235-.
Further, the water quenching transfer time in the step (3) is controlled to be between 10 and 15 seconds.
The RE element is one or more of Nd, Sm and Sc.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: in order to solve the defect that the mechanical properties of parts are affected in the manufacturing and application of the existing high-silicon aluminum alloy in the automobile parts, the invention provides the high-strength cast aluminum alloy for the automobile, the content of each element in the silicon aluminum alloy is adjusted, the adverse effect of the silicon element on the alloy is eliminated, the extrusion casting process is utilized, the conditions such as temperature and pressure are controlled to have the effects on the microstructure and the mechanical properties of a casting, the macro shrinkage cavity and the micro shrinkage porosity are obviously eliminated in the casting process, the crystal grains are refined, the mechanical properties of the casting are further strengthened in the heat treatment process, the strength of the casting is obviously improved, the tensile strength reaches 375-380MPa, the elongation reaches 12.7-13.0 percent, and the hardness reaches 126-128 HB; the invention can solve the problems of shrinkage cavity, shrinkage porosity, coarse crystal grains and the like in the casting process of the existing high-silicon aluminum alloy, can manufacture parts with complex properties, has high surface quality of the parts, simple and efficient working procedures and reduces the production cost.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is further described with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used for explaining the present invention and are not used for limiting the technical solutions provided by the present invention.
Example 1
The high-strength cast aluminum alloy for the automobile comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 11% of Si, 3.7% of Cu, 0.46% of Zn, 0.08% of Mg, 0.3% of Mn, 0.06% of V, 0.09% of Zr, 0.06% of Ti, 0.02% of RE element, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the main preparation technical means comprises the following steps:
(1) placing alloy preparation raw materials in a resistance furnace for smelting: cleaning and removing impurities from the raw materials, drying, adding Al and Mg, dissolving completely, sequentially adding Ti, Cu, Zn, Mn and Zr, melting completely, adding V, RE element and Si, introducing argon for refining after furnace burden is completely melted, refining for 11 minutes, slightly stirring after refining, heating to 810 ℃, standing for 5 minutes, and removing residues;
(2) pouring the refined alloy melt into a preheated die cavity, wherein the casting temperature is 745 ℃, performing extrusion casting, the extrusion equipment is a 1000KN four-column hydraulic press, the initial extrusion speed is 0.018 m/s, the pressure is 33MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 12 seconds, the increased extrusion speed is 0.32 m/s, the pressure is 68MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 15 seconds, and completely solidifying to obtain a casting;
(3) transferring the processed casting to a heat treatment furnace preheated at 260 ℃ for solution heat treatment: the temperature rise speed in the furnace is 1.3 ℃/min, the solid solution treatment temperature is 517 ℃, the treatment time is 3.0 hours, water quenching is carried out after the solid solution treatment, the water quenching is carried out, the temperature is reduced to 25 ℃, then the water quenching is transferred to a box-type resistance furnace at 160 ℃ for artificial aging treatment for 6.0 hours, air cooling is carried out after the aging treatment, and the temperature is cooled to the room temperature.
Further, the argon flow in the step (1) is 8.0L/min
Further, the preheating temperature of the die cavity in the step (2) is 235 ℃.
Further, the water quenching transfer time in the step (3) is controlled to be between 10 and 15 seconds.
The RE element is Nd.
An aluminum alloy was prepared according to the method of example 1, the performance test was conducted on tensile specimens according to the GB/T228-: the tensile strength reaches 376MPa, the elongation reaches 12.7 percent, and the hardness reaches 126 HB.
Example 2
The high-strength cast aluminum alloy for the automobile comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 12% of Si, 3.8% of Cu, 0.47% of Zn, 0.09% of Mg, 0.35% of Mn, 0.07% of V, 0.10% of Zr, 0.07% of Ti, 0.025% of an RE element, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the main preparation technical means comprises the following steps:
(1) placing alloy preparation raw materials in a resistance furnace for smelting: cleaning and removing impurities from the raw materials, drying, adding Al and Mg, dissolving completely, sequentially adding Ti, Cu, Zn, Mn and Zr, melting completely, adding V, RE element and Si, introducing argon for refining after the furnace burden is completely melted, wherein the refining time is 11-13 minutes, slightly stirring after refining, heating to 813 ℃, standing for 6.5 minutes, and removing residues;
(2) pouring the refined alloy melt into a preheated die cavity, wherein the casting temperature is 750 ℃, performing extrusion casting, the extrusion equipment is a 1000KN four-column hydraulic press, the initial extrusion speed is 0.019 m/s, the pressure is 34MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 13 seconds, the increased extrusion speed is 0.33 m/s, the pressure is 69MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 16 seconds, and completely solidifying to obtain a casting;
(3) transferring the processed casting to a heat treatment furnace preheated at 263 ℃ for solution heat treatment: the temperature rise speed in the furnace is 1.35 ℃/min, the solid solution treatment temperature is 519 ℃, the treatment time is 3.3 hours, water quenching is carried out after the solid solution treatment, the water quenching is carried out, the temperature is reduced to 28 ℃, then the furnace is transferred to a box-type resistance furnace at 163 ℃ for artificial aging treatment for 6.5 hours, air cooling is carried out after the aging treatment, and the furnace is cooled to the room temperature.
Further, the argon flow in the step (1) is 8.1L/min
Further, the preheating temperature of the mold cavity in the step (2) is 238 ℃.
Further, the water quenching transfer time in the step (3) is controlled to be between 10 and 15 seconds.
The RE element is Sm.
An aluminum alloy was prepared according to the method of example 2, the performance test was conducted on tensile specimens according to the GB/T228-: the tensile strength reaches 380MPa, the elongation reaches 13.0 percent, and the hardness reaches 128 HB.
Example 3
The high-strength cast aluminum alloy for the automobile comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: 13% of Si, 4.0% of Cu, 0.48% of Zn, 0.10% of Mg, 0.4% of Mn, 0.08% of V, 0.12% of Zr, 0.08% of Ti, 0.03% of RE element, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the main preparation technical means comprises the following steps:
(1) placing alloy preparation raw materials in a resistance furnace for smelting: cleaning and removing impurities from the raw materials, drying, adding Al and Mg, dissolving completely, sequentially adding Ti, Cu, Zn, Mn and Zr, melting completely, adding V, RE element and Si, introducing argon for refining after furnace burden is completely melted, refining for 13 minutes, slightly stirring after refining, heating to 817 ℃, standing for 8 minutes, and removing residues;
(2) pouring the refined alloy melt into a preheated die cavity, wherein the casting temperature is 755 ℃, performing extrusion casting, the extrusion equipment is a 1000KN four-column hydraulic press, the initial extrusion speed is 0.020 m/s, the pressure is 36MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 14 s, the increased extrusion speed is 0.35 m/s, the pressure is 70MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 18 s, and completely solidifying to obtain a casting;
(3) transferring the processed casting to a heat treatment furnace preheated at 265 ℃ for solution heat treatment: the temperature rise speed in the furnace is 1.4 ℃/min, the solid solution treatment temperature is 522 ℃, the treatment time is 3.5 hours, water quenching is carried out after the solid solution treatment, the water quenching is carried out, the temperature is reduced to 30 ℃, then the water quenching is transferred to a box-type resistance furnace at 165 ℃ for artificial aging treatment for 7.0 hours, air cooling is carried out after the aging treatment, and the temperature is cooled to the room temperature.
Further, the argon flow in the step (1) is 8.2 liters/min
Further, the preheating temperature of the mold cavity in the step (2) is 240 ℃.
Further, the water quenching transfer time in the step (3) is controlled to be between 10 and 15 seconds.
The RE element is Sc.
An aluminum alloy was prepared according to the method of example 3, the performance test was conducted on tensile specimens according to the GB/T228-: the tensile strength reaches 376MPa, the elongation reaches 12.8 percent, and the hardness reaches 126 HB.
Control group
Preparing an aluminum alloy casting according to a preparation method of the high-silicon aluminum alloy disclosed by the invention method with the Chinese invention patent number of CN200810068828.5 as the invention name, processing the performance test into a tensile sample according to the standard of GB/T228-: the tensile strength was 238MPa, the elongation was 6.6%, and the hardness was 79 HB.
Claims (5)
1. The high-strength cast aluminum alloy for the automobile is characterized by comprising the following elements in percentage by mass: 12 to 13 percent of Si, 3.7 to 4.0 percent of Cu, 0.46 to 0.48 percent of Zn, 0.08 to 0.10 percent of Mg, 0.3 to 0.4 percent of Mn, 0.06 to 0.08 percent of V, 0.09 percent of Zr, 0.06 to 0.08 percent of Ti, 0.02 to 0.03 percent of RE element, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) placing alloy preparation raw materials in a resistance furnace for smelting: cleaning and removing impurities from the raw materials, drying, adding Al and Mg, dissolving completely, sequentially adding Ti, Cu, Zn, Mn and Zr, melting completely, adding V, RE element and Si, introducing argon for refining after the furnace burden is melted completely, refining for 11-13 minutes, slightly stirring after refining, heating to 810 and 817 ℃, standing for 5-8 minutes, and removing residues;
(2) pouring the refined alloy melt into a preheated die cavity, wherein the pouring temperature is 745-755 ℃, and carrying out extrusion casting, the extrusion equipment is a 1000KN four-column hydraulic press, the initial extrusion speed is 0.018-0.020 m/s, the pressure is 33-36MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 12-14 seconds, the increased extrusion speed is 0.32-0.35 m/s, the pressure is 68-70MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 15-18 seconds, and the alloy melt is completely solidified to obtain a casting;
(3) transferring the processed casting to a preheated heat treatment furnace for solution heat treatment: the temperature rise speed in the furnace is 1.3-1.4 ℃/min, the solid solution treatment temperature is 517-522 ℃, the treatment time is 3.0-3.5 hours, water quenching is carried out after the solid solution treatment, the water quenching is carried out after being cooled to 25-30 ℃, then the water quenching is transferred to a box resistance furnace with the temperature of 160-165 ℃ for artificial aging treatment for 6.0-7.0 hours, air cooling is carried out after the aging treatment, and the temperature is cooled to the room temperature;
the RE element is one or more of Nd, Sm and Sc.
2. The high-strength cast aluminum alloy for automobiles according to claim 1, wherein the argon flow in the step (1) is 8.0 to 8.2 liters/minute.
3. The high-strength aluminum casting alloy for automobiles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature of the mold cavity in the step (2) is 235-.
4. The high-strength cast aluminum alloy for automobiles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preheating temperature of the heat treatment furnace in the step (3) is 260-265 ℃.
5. The high-strength cast aluminum alloy for automobiles according to claim 1, wherein the water-quench transition time in the step (3) is controlled to be between 10 and 15 seconds.
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| CN202011367873.8A CN112481528B (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | High-strength cast aluminum alloy for automobile |
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| CN114411020B (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-10-14 | 上海交通大学 | Non-heat treatment reinforced high-strength high-toughness die-casting aluminum-silicon alloy |
| CN114427054A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-05-03 | 大连理工大学宁波研究院 | Aluminum alloy for high-speed train gear transmission system and manufacturing method thereof |
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| DE60231046D1 (en) * | 2001-07-25 | 2009-03-19 | Showa Denko Kk | ALUMINUM ALLOY WITH EXCELLENT FRAGRANCE AND ALUMINUM ALLOY MATERIAL AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THEREOF |
| DE102011083971A1 (en) * | 2011-10-04 | 2013-04-04 | Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH | Method for producing an engine component and engine component |
| CN107470585A (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2017-12-15 | 安徽省含山县潮林铸管厂（普通合伙） | A kind of casting method of engine crankshaft |
| CN108048710A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-05-18 | 广东省材料与加工研究所 | A kind of high tough aluminium alloy of extrusion casint and its extrusion casting method |
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