CN112479783A - 一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺及其应用 - Google Patents
一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺及其应用,包含以下步骤:取新鲜的畜禽粪便,调整含水率70‑90%,加入过磷酸钙、活性炭和纳米钛酸钙粉体,搅拌均匀,在密闭环境中进行第一次加热,加入硝酸,搅拌均匀,进行第二次加热,加热结束后将其固液分离,得到第一固体和第一液体;向第一固体中加入磷酸,混合均匀,真空煅烧,得到第二固体;将第一液体中加入含钙和镁的化合物和加入酸性的凹土,混合均匀,静置,固液分离,得到第三固体和第三液体;将步第二固体和步骤三中的第三固体混合均匀,加入水性成膜剂和包覆混合糊料,高速搅拌,制得缓释有机肥颗粒,还公开了将缓释有机肥颗粒应用在人工礁石上,使得其变废为宝。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及畜禽粪便处理技术领域,具体涉及一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺及其应用。
背景技术
畜牧业的快速发展,改善了人民的食物结构,提高了生活水平,但是大量不加处理的畜禽粪便对当地环境造成严重污染,只有对畜禽粪便实行无害化处理并加以利用,才能促进农业生产和生态环境的协调发展。因此,如何实现对畜禽粪便无害化处理值得研究。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一,提供一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺及其应用。
本发明的技术解决方案如下:
一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺,其特征在于:包含以下步骤:
步骤一:取新鲜的畜禽粪便,调整含水率70-90%,加入过磷酸钙、活性炭和纳米钛酸钙粉体,搅拌均匀,在密闭环境中进行第一次加热,加入硝酸,搅拌均匀,进行第二次加热,加热结束后将其固液分离,得到第一固体和第一液体;
步骤二:向步骤一中的第一固体中加入磷酸,混合均匀,真空煅烧,得到第二固体;
步骤三:将步骤一中的第一液体中加入含钙和镁的化合物和加入酸性的凹土,混合均匀,静置,固液分离,得到第三固体和第三液体;
步骤四:将步骤二中的第二固体和步骤三中的第三固体混合均匀,加入水性成膜剂和包覆混合糊料,高速搅拌,制得缓释有机肥颗粒。
优选地,所述步骤一中,过磷酸钙、活性炭和纳米钛酸钙粉体的质量比为1-3:5-7:10。
优选地,所述步骤一中,第一次加热的温度50-70℃,加热时间为20-40min,第二次加热的温度为70-80℃,加热时间为10-20min。
优选地,所述步骤二中,真空煅烧的煅烧温度为300-500℃。
优选地,所述步骤三中,含钙和镁的化合物为氯化钙和氯化镁的混合物。
优选地,所述步骤四中,包覆混合糊料的制备如下:将壳聚糖、腐植酸粉和牡蛎壳粉混合均匀后加水研磨制成糊状物;往糊状物中加入羧甲基纤维素钠溶液,充分搅拌均匀,形成乳化液;制得包覆混合糊料。
优选地,所述壳聚糖、腐植酸粉和牡蛎壳粉的质量比为1-3:2:1。
优选地,所述步骤四中,水性成膜剂为聚丙烯酸树脂或聚氨酯。
优选地,所述步骤四中,高速搅拌的搅拌速率为1000-2000r/min。
本发明还公开了一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺在制备人工礁石上的应用,将构成人工礁石的材料与上述的缓释有机肥颗粒混合,然后浇筑成型,制得产品;或将人工礁体的材料浇筑成型后,在其表面涂上含有上述缓释有机肥颗粒的涂层,制得产品。
本发明至少具有以下有益效果之一:
(1)本发明的一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺,将畜禽粪便经预处理后对磷素和氮素的回收,然后将其负载于活性炭上,然后加入包覆混合糊料制成缓释型的有机肥料,使得畜禽粪便进行无害化处理,环保性高。另通过多次密闭环境下进行加热,降解更加充分,畜禽粪便利用率高,含钙和镁的化合物中加入酸性的凹土,使其钙离子和镁离子能够更稳定的负载于凹土上,使其反应更加充分,而且活性炭和凹土均为多孔结构,能够为后续的发酵提供有利的透气性条件。
(2)本发明的一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺,在乳化液中加入壳聚糖、腐植酸粉和牡蛎壳粉的混合物,牡蛎壳为多孔物质,能够很好地为腐殖酸内物质提供很好的透气性,改善发酵条件,发酵后的产物具有较高的有机质含量。
(3)本发明通过将缓释型的有机肥料负载在人工礁石上,一方面具有污水吸附净化的作用,另一方面能够给海域中的微生物提供营养物质,变废为宝。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明所述的方法和技术加以说明。
实施例1
一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺,其特征在于:包含以下步骤:
步骤一:取含水率70%的新鲜的畜禽粪便2kg,加入占畜禽粪便总量3wt%且质量比为1:4:10的过磷酸钙、活性炭和纳米钛酸钙粉体的混合体,搅拌均匀,在密闭环境中进行第一次加热,加入3moL/L的硝酸溶液,搅拌均匀,进行第二次加热,加热结束后将其固液分离,得到第一固体和第一液体;其中,第一次加热的温度55℃,加热时间为30min,第二次加热的温度为75℃,加热时间为10min。
步骤二:向步骤一中的第一固体中加入0.3mol/L的磷酸溶液,混合均匀,真空煅烧,真空煅烧的煅烧温度为350℃,得到第二固体;
步骤三:将步骤一中的第一液体中加入含钙和镁的化合物和加入酸性的凹土,混合均匀,静置,固液分离,得到第三固体和第三液体,含钙和镁的化合物为1mol/L的氯化钙和0.5mol/L的氯化镁;酸性凹土的制备为:将凹土放入0.5mol/L醋酸溶液中浸渍30min;
步骤四:将步骤二中的第二固体和步骤三中的第三固体混合均匀,加入水性成膜剂和包覆混合糊料,高速搅拌,搅拌速率为1500r/min,制得缓释有机肥颗粒。
其中,包覆混合糊料的制备如下:将质量比为1:2:1的壳聚糖、腐植酸粉和牡蛎壳粉混合均匀后加水研磨制成糊状物;往糊状物中加入羧甲基纤维素钠溶液,充分搅拌均匀,形成乳化液;制得包覆混合糊料。
水性成膜剂采用聚丙烯酸树脂。
实施例2
一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺,其特征在于:包含以下步骤:
步骤一:取含水率85%的新鲜的畜禽粪便2kg,加入占畜禽粪便总量4wt%且质量比为1:9:10的过磷酸钙、活性炭和纳米钛酸钙粉体的混合体,搅拌均匀,在密闭环境中进行第一次加热,加入3moL/L的硝酸溶液,搅拌均匀,进行第二次加热,加热结束后将其固液分离,得到第一固体和第一液体;其中,第一次加热的温度70℃,加热时间为40min,第二次加热的温度为80℃,加热时间为20min。
步骤二:向步骤一中的第一固体中加入0.25mol/L的磷酸溶液,混合均匀,真空煅烧,真空煅烧的煅烧温度为500℃,得到第二固体;
步骤三:将步骤一中的第一液体中加入含钙和镁的化合物和加入酸性的凹土,混合均匀,静置,固液分离,得到第三固体和第三液体,含钙和镁的化合物为1mol/L的氯化钙和0.5mol/L的氯化镁;酸性凹土的制备为:将凹土放入0.5mol/L醋酸溶液中浸渍30min;
步骤四:将步骤二中的第二固体和步骤三中的第三固体混合均匀,加入水性成膜剂和包覆混合糊料,高速搅拌,搅拌速率为1000r/min,制得缓释有机肥颗粒。
其中,包覆混合糊料的制备如下:将质量比为3:2:1的壳聚糖、腐植酸粉和牡蛎壳粉混合均匀后加水研磨制成糊状物;往糊状物中加入羧甲基纤维素钠溶液,充分搅拌均匀,形成乳化液;制得包覆混合糊料。
水性成膜剂为聚丙烯酸树脂。
实施例3
一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺,其特征在于:包含以下步骤:
步骤一:取含水率90%的新鲜的畜禽粪便2kg,加入占畜禽粪便总量5wt%且质量比为2:7:10的过磷酸钙、活性炭和纳米钛酸钙粉体的混合体,搅拌均匀,在密闭环境中进行第一次加热,加入3moL/L的硝酸溶液,搅拌均匀,进行第二次加热,加热结束后将其固液分离,得到第一固体和第一液体;其中,第一次加热的温度56℃,加热时间为25min,第二次加热的温度为80℃,加热时间为20min。
步骤二:向步骤一中的第一固体中加入0.3mol/L的磷酸溶液,混合均匀,真空煅烧,真空煅烧的煅烧温度为350℃,得到第二固体;
步骤三:将步骤一中的第一液体中加入含钙和镁的化合物和加入酸性的凹土,混合均匀,静置,固液分离,得到第三固体和第三液体,含钙和镁的化合物为1.2mol/L的氯化钙和0.7mol/L的氯化镁;酸性凹土的制备为:将凹土放入0.5mol/L醋酸溶液中浸渍30min;
步骤四:将步骤二中的第二固体和步骤三中的第三固体混合均匀,加入水性成膜剂和包覆混合糊料,高速搅拌,搅拌速率为1000r/min,制得缓释有机肥颗粒。
其中,包覆混合糊料的制备如下:将质量比为3:2:1的壳聚糖、腐植酸粉和牡蛎壳粉混合均匀后加水研磨制成糊状物;往糊状物中加入羧甲基纤维素钠溶液,充分搅拌均匀,形成乳化液;制得包覆混合糊料。
水性成膜剂为聚丙烯酸树脂。
实施例4
本实施例是在实施例2的基础上进行的改进,具体是搅拌速率为2000r/min。
实施例5
本实施例是在实施例2的基础上进行的改进,具体是水性成膜剂为聚氨酯。
对比例1(无包覆混合糊料)
一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺,其特征在于:包含以下步骤:
步骤一:取含水率85%的新鲜的畜禽粪便2kg,加入占畜禽粪便总量4wt%且质量比为1:9:10的过磷酸钙、活性炭和纳米钛酸钙粉体的混合体,搅拌均匀,在密闭环境中进行第一次加热,加入3moL/L的硝酸溶液,搅拌均匀,进行第二次加热,加热结束后将其固液分离,得到第一固体和第一液体;其中,第一次加热的温度70℃,加热时间为40min,第二次加热的温度为80℃,加热时间为20min。
步骤二:向步骤一中的第一固体中加入0.25mol/L的磷酸溶液,混合均匀,真空煅烧,真空煅烧的煅烧温度为500℃,得到第二固体;
步骤三:将步骤一中的第一液体中加入含钙和镁的化合物和加入酸性的凹土,混合均匀,静置,固液分离,得到第三固体和第三液体,含钙和镁的化合物为1mol/L的氯化钙和0.5mol/L的氯化镁;酸性凹土的制备为:将凹土放入0.5mol/L醋酸溶液中浸渍30min;
步骤四:将步骤二中的第二固体和步骤三中的第三固体混合均匀,加入水性成膜剂,造粒,制得,有机肥料。
制得包覆混合糊料。
水性成膜剂为聚丙烯酸树脂。
对比例2(无牡蛎壳粉)
一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺,其特征在于:包含以下步骤:
步骤一:取含水率85%的新鲜的畜禽粪便2kg,加入占畜禽粪便总量4wt%且质量比为1:9:10的过磷酸钙、活性炭和纳米钛酸钙粉体的混合体,搅拌均匀,在密闭环境中进行第一次加热,加入3moL/L的硝酸溶液,搅拌均匀,进行第二次加热,加热结束后将其固液分离,得到第一固体和第一液体;其中,第一次加热的温度70℃,加热时间为40min,第二次加热的温度为80℃,加热时间为20min。
步骤二:向步骤一中的第一固体中加入0.25mol/L的磷酸溶液,混合均匀,真空煅烧,真空煅烧的煅烧温度为500℃,得到第二固体;
步骤三:将步骤一中的第一液体中加入含钙和镁的化合物和加入酸性的凹土,混合均匀,静置,固液分离,得到第三固体和第三液体,含钙和镁的化合物为1mol/L的氯化钙和0.5mol/L的氯化镁;
步骤四:将步骤二中的第二固体和步骤三中的第三固体混合均匀,加入水性成膜剂和包覆混合糊料,高速搅拌,搅拌速率为1000r/min,制得缓释有机肥颗粒。
其中,包覆混合糊料的制备如下:将质量比为1:2的壳聚糖、腐植酸粉混合均匀后加水研磨制成糊状物;往糊状物中加入羧甲基纤维素钠溶液,充分搅拌均匀,形成乳化液;制得包覆混合糊料。
水性成膜剂为聚丙烯酸树脂。
将质量比为1:10的上述实施例和对比例和试样和将构成人工礁石的材料(水泥),加水,搅拌,浇筑,养护成型,制得各式样,进行下述测试。
(1)取上述试样,置于2000mL海水中,每浸泡1天(24h)更换一次水,并按“DB33-699有机液体肥料和有机-无机复混液体肥料质量安全要求”分析浸渍15天后浸泡液中氮磷的含量;
(2)人工礁石的吸附性能;取200mg/L的铅标准溶液2000mL,于3000mL烧杯中,调溶液的pH值到6,分别加入3×3cm块的人工礁石试样,不时搅动,浸泡24h,用原子吸收测上清液中铅的含量,计算去除率。上述结果见表1。
表1实施例和对比例制得的人工礁石试样的性能测试值
试样 | N含量(g/L) | P含量(g/L) | Pb去除率(%) |
实施例1 | 0.035 | 0.041 | 93.5 |
实施例2 | 0.036 | 0.039 | 93.4 |
实施例3 | 0.031 | 0.042 | 93.1 |
实施例4 | 0.037 | 0.041 | 93.7 |
实施例5 | 0.032 | 0.041 | 93.4 |
对比例1 | 0.012 | 0.019 | 75.3 |
对比例2 | 0.021 | 0.031 | 89.2 |
从上表可以看出,实施例试样在浸泡15天后的氮磷含量均高于对比例,说明本发明采用包覆混合糊料能够将其进行缓释,一方面是由于在乳化液中加入壳聚糖、腐植酸粉和牡蛎壳粉的混合物,由于牡蛎壳为多孔物质,能够很好地为腐殖酸内物质提供很好的透气性,改善发酵条件,发酵后的产物具有较高的有机质含量,从而使得其具有较高的营养物质,另一方面加入的活性炭在后续中也同样提供更好的通气条件,同时为后续发酵提供了碳源,更利于有机肥中营养物质的保留;而且实施例的吸附性能高于对比例,一方面经煅烧,会将一些物质烧蚀,在本身活性炭和牡蛎壳的多孔基础上进一步留有空隙,利于吸附性能的提高。
在不出现冲突的前提下,本领域技术人员可以将上述附加技术特征自由组合以及叠加使用。
在本发明的实施例的描述中,需要理解的是,“-”和“~”表示的是两个数值之同的范围,并且该范围包括端点。例如:“A-B”表示大于或等于A,且小于或等于B的范围。“A~B”表示大于或等于A,且小于或等于B的范围。
在本发明的实施例的描述中,本文中术语“和/或”,仅仅是一种描述关联对象的关联关系,表示可以存在三种关系,例如,A和/或B,可以表示:单独存在A,同时存在A和B,单独存在B这三种情况。另外,本文中字符“/”,一般表示前后关联对象是一种“或”的关系。
以上所述仅为本发明的优先实施方式,只要以基本相同手段实现本发明目的的技术方案都属于本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺,其特征在于:包含以下步骤:
步骤一:取新鲜的畜禽粪便,调整含水率70-90%,加入过磷酸钙、活性炭和纳米钛酸钙粉体,搅拌均匀,在密闭环境中进行第一次加热,加入硝酸,搅拌均匀,进行第二次加热,加热结束后将其固液分离,得到第一固体和第一液体;
步骤二:向步骤一中的第一固体中加入磷酸,混合均匀,真空煅烧,得到第二固体;
步骤三:将步骤一中的第一液体中加入含钙和镁的化合物和加入酸性的凹土,混合均匀,静置,固液分离,得到第三固体和第三液体;
步骤四:将步骤二中的第二固体和步骤三中的第三固体混合均匀,加入水性成膜剂和包覆混合糊料,高速搅拌,制得缓释有机肥颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤一中,过磷酸钙、活性炭和纳米钛酸钙粉体的质量比为1-3:5-7:10。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤一中,第一次加热的温度50-70℃,加热时间为20-40min,第二次加热的温度为70-80℃,加热时间为10-20min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤二中,真空煅烧的煅烧温度为300-500℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤三中,含钙和镁的化合物为氯化钙和氯化镁的混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤四中,包覆混合糊料的制备如下:将壳聚糖、腐植酸粉和牡蛎壳粉混合均匀后加水研磨制成糊状物;往糊状物中加入羧甲基纤维素钠溶液,充分搅拌均匀,形成乳化液;制得包覆混合糊料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺,其特征在于:所述壳聚糖、腐植酸粉和牡蛎壳粉的质量比为1-3:2:1。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺及其应用,其特征在于:所述步骤四中,水性成膜剂为聚丙烯酸树脂或聚氨酯。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤四中,高速搅拌的搅拌速率为1000-2000r/min。
10.一种畜禽粪便无害化处理工艺在制备人工礁石上的应用,其特征在于,将构成人工礁石的材料与缓释有机肥颗粒混合,然后浇筑成型,制得产品;或将人工礁体的材料浇筑成型后,在其表面涂上含有缓释有机肥颗粒的涂层,制得产品。
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CN106966457A (zh) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-07-21 | 沈阳理工大学 | 一种利用畜禽粪便制备生态礁石的方法 |
CN106986673A (zh) * | 2017-02-28 | 2017-07-28 | 沈阳理工大学 | 一种利用畜禽粪便制备无土栽培用陶粒和营养液的方法 |
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