CN112475475A - Method for online measurement and correction of alignment degree of herringbone gear - Google Patents
Method for online measurement and correction of alignment degree of herringbone gear Download PDFInfo
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- CN112475475A CN112475475A CN202011341242.9A CN202011341242A CN112475475A CN 112475475 A CN112475475 A CN 112475475A CN 202011341242 A CN202011341242 A CN 202011341242A CN 112475475 A CN112475475 A CN 112475475A
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F7/00—Making herringbone gear teeth
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
- B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/22—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring and correcting the alignment degree of a herringbone gear on line, which comprises the following steps: determining a motion route of a herringbone gear machining cutter; determining related parameters of the herringbone teeth, including a spiral angle and a tooth width; determining a herringbone gear space coordinate system, taking the lower end face of the herringbone gear as an XOZ plane of the space coordinate system, and enabling the reference axis of the gear shaft to coincide with the Y axis; when the cutter moves from the lower end surface to the middle position, the coordinates of the tooth profile on the X axis when the cutter moves Y1 distances in the Y-axis direction; when the cutter moves from the upper end face to the middle position, the abscissa of the intersection point of the cutter and the tooth profile is X2 when the movement distance of the cutter in the Y direction is Y1, and the tangential alignment error is obtained; and correcting the herringbone gear through a cutter. According to the invention, the centering error of the gear in the tangential direction is measured according to the change of the motion component of the cutter in the machining process, so that the real-time measurement of the centering error is realized; the end face of the existing gear is used as a reference, so that errors generated when the middle plane is used as the reference are avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alignment error measurement of herringbone gears, in particular to a real-time detection method for alignment errors of herringbone teeth in a herringbone gear machining process.
Background
The herringbone gear has the characteristic of helical gear transmission, and simultaneously avoids the defects of the helical gears in the transmission process, and the herringbone gear can be seen as formed by combining two helical gears with opposite rotation directions, so that the axial force attached to a single helical gear can be balanced in the herringbone gear transmission process. The herringbone gear has the characteristics of strong bearing capacity, small axial load, high transmission efficiency, stable transmission and the like. Therefore, the herringbone gear transmission is widely applied to heavy mechanical transmission systems of forging equipment, petroleum machinery, ships and the like. At present, the processing of herringbone gears generally adopts the steps of forming finger-shaped milling cutter to mill teeth for processing and processing two bevel gears respectively, and then combining the bevel gears into the bevel gears after alignment by a tool. When a finger-shaped milling cutter (a bar cutter) is used for processing, the centering error is mainly controlled by a scribing tool, and because the scribing has errors and the errors generated in the processes of tooth surface heat treatment and finish machining in the subsequent processing process are superposed, the herringbone gear is difficult to guarantee the centering error; when the bevel gears are machined respectively, factors such as an installation angle and a workpiece axis need to be determined through a detection means so as to meet the requirement of centering errors, the assembly process is time-consuming, and the assembly precision can directly influence the subsequent gear grinding machining precision.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an online detection method for the centering error in the process of machining a herringbone gear by a herringbone forming milling cutter (rod cutter), so as to correct the centering error of the herringbone gear.
A method for measuring and correcting the alignment degree of a herringbone gear on line is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1, determining a motion route of a herringbone gear machining cutter; step 2, determining related parameters of the herringbone teeth, including a spiral angle-beta and a tooth width-b; step 3, determining a herringbone gear end face coordinate system; step 4, obtaining the centering error of the herringbone gear in the tangential direction; and 5, correcting the herringbone gear through a cutter.
Preferably, the measuring surface is a lower end surface (1) of the herringbone gear, the motion component of the cutter in the Y-axis direction is used as a reference value for error measurement, and the centering error in the axial direction can be determined through the centering error of the herringbone gear in the tangential direction.
Preferably, the step 1 specifically includes: after tool setting is finished, a Z-axis and C-axis linkage cutter of the machine tool moves spirally relative to a workpiece, the cutter moves from the lower end surface 1 of the herringbone gear to the middle position (3) of the left tooth surface, and then moves from the middle position 3 of the left tooth surface to the upper end surface 2 of the herringbone gear to finish the processing of the left tooth surface; then, the cutter moves to a right tooth face cutting position, the Z-axis and C-axis linkage cutter performs spiral motion relative to the workpiece and cuts from the upper end face 2 of the herringbone gear to the middle position 4 of the right tooth face, and then cuts from the middle position 4 of the right tooth face to the lower end face 1 of the herringbone gear, and the machining of the right tooth face is completed.
Preferably, the step 3 further includes that the lower end face 1 of the herringbone gear is used as an XOZ plane of a space coordinate system, the reference axis of the herringbone gear shaft is coincident with the Y axis, and the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis are mutually perpendicular.
Preferably, the step 4 further comprises recording an abscissa of a position intersecting the tooth profile at the time as X1 based on that the tool moves Y1 distances in the Y-axis direction when moving from the lower end face 1 of the herringbone gear to the middle position 3 of the left tooth surface in the measurement plane XOY; similarly, when the tool moves from the upper end face 2 of the herringbone gear to the middle position 4 of the right tooth face, if the abscissa of the intersection point of the tool and the tooth profile when the tool moving distance in the Y direction is Y1 is taken as X2, the alignment error of the herringbone gear in the tangential direction can be expressed as the difference between the coordinate values of the two points in the X direction: Δ X — X1-X2, the alignment error in the axial direction is determined by:
wherein, the tooth direction helical angle of the beta-herringbone gear.
Preferably, the step 4 further includes that, when there is no alignment error, X1 is X2, which is reflected in the measurement plane, and X1 and X2 coincide.
Preferably, the step 5 specifically includes: the deviation direction of the centering error can be determined according to the positive and negative values of the delta x, and when the delta x is less than 0, the deviation of the delta x to the lower end face 1 of the herringbone gear is represented; Δ x > 0, representing an offset to the herringbone gear upper face 2; therefore, the motion control program of the cutter is modified to realize that | delta x | is less than or equal to xi, and the motion track of the cutter is adjusted to finally meet the centering requirement of the herringbone gear; wherein xi is the requirement of the tangential alignment of the herringbone gear.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the centering error in the tangential direction of the herringbone gear is measured according to the change of the movement track of the cutter in the machining process of the herringbone gear, so that the effective measurement of the centering error of the herringbone gear is determined, and the influence of human factor errors generated in the manual measurement process on the measurement result is avoided; meanwhile, the end face of the existing gear is used as a reference, so that the measurement error generated when the middle plane of the herringbone gear is used as the reference is avoided; the method for detecting the alignment error can realize real-time detection of the herringbone gear error in the machining process, facilitates subsequent machining to correct the motion of the cutter track, and provides theoretical guiding significance for improving the machining precision.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a herringbone gear and a spatial index coordinate system diagram provided in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a tool motion profile for one tooth flank machining during herringbone gear machining according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of alignment error measurement;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the shift in the centering error when Δ x < 0;
FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating deviation from a neutral error for Δ x > 0;
in the figure: x is the horizontal direction; y is a vertical direction; 1 is a lower end face (measuring plane) of the herringbone gear; 2 is the upper end surface of the herringbone gear; b is the tooth width; the thick solid line is the herringbone gear tooth profile under the ideal condition, and the thin solid line is the herringbone gear tooth profile under the actual condition; 3 is the middle position of the left tooth surface; and 4 is the middle position of the right tooth surface.
Detailed Description
The following will describe the present embodiment with reference to fig. 1 to 3, and the specific steps of the on-line measurement and correction method for the centering error of the herringbone gear in the present embodiment are as follows:
herringbone gear related parameters, as shown in fig. 1: gear module: 12, number of teeth: 78, 20 ° pressure angle, 14 ° helix angle.
Step one, determining a tool path, as shown in fig. 2: after tool setting is completed, the Z-axis and C-axis linkage tool of the machine tool moves spirally relative to the workpiece, moves from the lower end surface to the middle position, namely from the position 1 to the position 3, and then moves from the middle position to the upper end surface, namely from the position 3 to the position 2, so that the left tooth surface is machined. The cutter moves to the next cutting position, the Z-axis and C-axis linkage cutter performs spiral motion relative to the workpiece and cuts from the upper end face to the middle position, namely position 2 to position 4, and then cuts from the middle position to the lower end face, namely position 4 to position 1, so that the machining of the right tooth surface is completed;
determining a reference coordinate system, wherein as shown in FIG. 1, the origin of the coordinate system is the intersection point of the shaft line of the herringbone gear on the lower end surface, the Y axis is overlapped with the shaft line of the gear, the X axis and the Z axis are positioned in the plane of the lower end surface of the gear, and the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis are mutually vertical;
step three, when the cutter moves from the lower end face to the middle position, namely in fig. 2, when the position 1 moves to the position 3, the movement distance of the cutter in the Y-axis direction is taken as Y1 (fig. 3), the horizontal coordinate value of the intersection of the position and the tooth profile is recorded as X1, in fig. 2, when the cutter moves from the upper end face to the middle position, namely the position 2 moves to the position 4, the position of the cutter in the Y1 position is taken as the reference, the horizontal coordinate value of the intersection of the position and the tooth profile is recorded as X2 (fig. 3), the difference value of the horizontal coordinate between the two points is calculated as X1-X2, the delta X is the centering error of the herringbone gear in the tangential direction, and the centering error of the herringbone gear in the axial direction can be calculated through a formula (1.1);
step four, when no alignment error exists, reflecting that X1 and X2 coincide in the measuring plane when X1 is X2; when the alignment error exists, delta X is not equal to 0, two non-coincident points X1 and X2 exist in the measuring plane, the error of the alignment error in the tangential direction is delta X, and the value of the error amount of the alignment error in the axial direction can be determined through the formula (1.1).
And step five, determining the deviation direction of the centering error according to the positive and negative of the delta x, so that the requirement that the delta x is less than or equal to xi which is the tangential centering requirement of the herringbone gear is realized by modifying a cutter motion control program, and the centering requirement of the herringbone gear is finally met by adjusting the motion track of the cutter.
Having described embodiments of the present disclosure, the foregoing description is intended to be exemplary, not exhaustive, and not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen in order to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application, or improvements made to the technology in the marketplace, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A method for measuring and correcting the alignment degree of a herringbone gear on line is characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1, determining a motion route of a herringbone gear machining cutter; step 2, determining related parameters of the herringbone teeth, including a spiral angle-beta and a tooth width-b; step 3, determining a herringbone gear end face coordinate system; step 4, obtaining the centering error of the herringbone gear in the tangential direction; and 5, correcting the herringbone gear through a cutter.
2. The method for on-line measurement and correction of the centering degree of the herringbone gear as claimed in claim 1, wherein the measuring surface is a lower end surface (1) of the herringbone gear, a motion component of the cutter in the Y-axis direction is used as a reference value for error measurement, and the centering degree error in the axial direction can be determined through the centering degree error of the herringbone gear in the tangential direction.
3. The method for online measuring and correcting the centering degree of the herringbone gear according to claim 1, wherein the step 1 specifically comprises the following steps of: after tool setting is finished, a Z-axis and C-axis linkage cutter of the machine tool moves spirally relative to a workpiece, the cutter moves from the lower end surface (1) of the herringbone gear to the middle position (3) of the left tooth surface, and then moves from the middle position (3) of the left tooth surface to the upper end surface (2) of the herringbone gear to finish machining of the left tooth surface; then, the cutter moves to a right tooth face cutting position, the Z-axis and C-axis linkage cutter performs spiral motion relative to the workpiece and cuts from the upper end face (2) of the herringbone gear to the middle position (4) of the right tooth face, and then cuts from the middle position (4) of the right tooth face to the lower end face (1) of the herringbone gear, and machining of the right tooth face is completed.
4. The method for on-line measurement and correction of the centering degree of the herringbone gear as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 3 further comprises taking the lower end face (1) of the herringbone gear as a XOZ plane of a space coordinate system, the reference axis of the herringbone gear shaft is coincident with the Y axis, and the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis are perpendicular to each other.
5. The method for on-line measurement and correction of the centering degree of a herringbone gear as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 4 further comprises recording the abscissa of the intersecting position with the tooth profile at the moment as X1 based on that the tool moves Y1 distances in the Y-axis direction when moving from the lower end surface (1) of the herringbone gear to the middle position (3) of the left tooth surface in the measurement plane XOY plane; similarly, when the tool moves from the upper end surface (2) of the herringbone gear to the middle position (4) of the right tooth surface, if the abscissa of the intersection point of the tool and the tooth profile when the tool moving distance in the Y direction is Y1 is taken as X2, the alignment error of the herringbone gear in the tangential direction can be expressed as the difference of the coordinate values of the two points in the X direction: Δ X — X1-X2, the alignment error in the axial direction is determined by:
wherein, the tooth direction helical angle of the beta-herringbone gear.
6. The method for on-line measurement and correction of the centering degree of the herringbone gear as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 4 further comprises that when no centering degree error exists, X1 is X2, reflected in a measurement plane, and X1 and X2 are overlapped.
7. The method for on-line measurement and correction of the centering degree of the herringbone gear as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step 5 specifically comprises: the deviation direction of the centering error can be determined according to the positive and negative values of the delta x, and when the delta x is less than 0, the deviation of the lower end surface (1) of the herringbone gear is represented; Δ x > 0, representing an offset to the herringbone gear upper face (2); therefore, the motion control program of the cutter is modified to realize that | delta x | is less than or equal to xi, and the motion track of the cutter is adjusted to finally meet the centering requirement of the herringbone gear; wherein xi is the requirement of the tangential alignment of the herringbone gear.
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| CN202011341242.9A CN112475475A (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2020-11-25 | Method for online measurement and correction of alignment degree of herringbone gear |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113681088A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-11-23 | 重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司 | High-precision cylindrical gear milling machining method |
| CN113916088A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-01-11 | 大连理工大学 | Method for detecting centering error of herringbone gear |
| CN114260515A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-01 | 重庆机床(集团)有限责任公司 | High-precision double-worm-gear machining method |
| CN114289558A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-04-08 | 蓝山县金山川粉末冶金有限公司 | Gear correcting die with annular groove |
| CN114700563A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-07-05 | 重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司 | Herringbone tooth centering measuring tool and herringbone tooth machining method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113681088A (en) * | 2021-09-26 | 2021-11-23 | 重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司 | High-precision cylindrical gear milling machining method |
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| CN113916088B (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-05-27 | 大连理工大学 | Method for detecting centering error of herringbone gear |
| CN114289558A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-04-08 | 蓝山县金山川粉末冶金有限公司 | Gear correcting die with annular groove |
| CN114289558B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-11-28 | 蓝山县金山川粉末冶金有限公司 | Gear correction die with annular groove |
| CN114260515A (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2022-04-01 | 重庆机床(集团)有限责任公司 | High-precision double-worm-gear machining method |
| CN114260515B (en) * | 2021-12-23 | 2024-01-23 | 重庆机床(集团)有限责任公司 | High-precision double worm gear machining method |
| CN114700563A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-07-05 | 重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司 | Herringbone tooth centering measuring tool and herringbone tooth machining method |
| CN114700563B (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2024-05-17 | 重庆齿轮箱有限责任公司 | Herringbone tooth centering measuring tool and herringbone tooth machining method |
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