CN112474415B - Fruit sorting machine - Google Patents

Fruit sorting machine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112474415B
CN112474415B CN202011170902.1A CN202011170902A CN112474415B CN 112474415 B CN112474415 B CN 112474415B CN 202011170902 A CN202011170902 A CN 202011170902A CN 112474415 B CN112474415 B CN 112474415B
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fruit
supporting mechanism
belt
conveying
spectrum
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CN112474415A (en
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陈志成
王行帅
张硕
张善文
张燕军
戴敏
缪宏
刘思幸
高吉成
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Yangzhou University
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Yangzhou University
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07CPOSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/34Sorting according to other particular properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07CPOSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/36Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
    • B07C5/361Processing or control devices therefor, e.g. escort memory
    • B07C5/362Separating or distributor mechanisms
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07CPOSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C5/00Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
    • B07C5/36Sorting apparatus characterised by the means used for distribution
    • B07C5/38Collecting or arranging articles in groups
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07CPOSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
    • B07C2501/00Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material to be sorted
    • B07C2501/009Sorting of fruit

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Abstract

The utility model provides a fruit automatic sorting machine, belongs to letter sorting equipment technical field, including first conveyer, second conveyer and third conveyer, device novel structure, and the theory of operation is clear. The first screening of the fruits is completed by utilizing a first conveying device, and whether the surface of one side of the fruits is damaged or the black core is formed is determined; utilizing a second conveying device to complete secondary screening of the fruits and determine whether the surface of the other side of the fruits is damaged; the screening and sorting of the fruit is accomplished using a third conveyor. The invention solves the problems of high labor intensity and inaccurate classification of manually classified fruit, improves the classification efficiency, realizes classification of different kinds of fruits and bad fruit screening, reduces the classification cost and enlarges the application occasions.

Description

Fruit sorting machine
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent sorting equipment, relates to a fruit sorting machine, and particularly relates to an intelligent economical fruit size sorting machine.
Background
China is a large fruit consumption country, daily consumption of fruits is huge, classification and selection of picked fruits become necessary links for selling the fruits, at present, mechanized fruit particle classification equipment is not practical in large area, manual selection is still adopted for classification and selection of numerous fruit particles, labor intensity is high, meanwhile, the fruit particles are manually selected, only by means of experience of workers, the selected fruit particles cannot be completely the same to a certain extent, and at present, mechanical hands are widely adopted for mechanical classification of the fruit particles, so that certain damage can be easily caused to the surfaces of the fruit particles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fruit sorting machine aiming at the defects in the existing fruit sorting technology, which can solve the problems of high labor intensity and inaccurate classification of manually classified fruit, can improve the classification efficiency, can realize classification of different kinds of fruits and screening of bad fruits, can reduce the classification cost and expand the application occasions.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a fruit sorting machine which characterized in that: the fruit sorting machine consists of a first conveying device, a second conveying device and a third conveying device;
the first conveying device consists of a fruit feeding port, a first support, a first belt conveying mechanism, a first conveying belt, a first fruit supporting mechanism, a first control panel, a first spectrum door and a second spectrum door; the first conveyor belt is connected and arranged on the first support, the first conveyor belt rotates through the first belt conveying mechanism, the first fruit supporting mechanism is arranged on the first conveyor belt, the first conveyor belt penetrates through a first spectrum door and a second spectrum door on the first support, the first control panel is connected through a conducting wire and arranged on the first support, the first belt conveying mechanism is driven by a motor and arranged on the first support, and the fruit feeding port is arranged on one side of the first conveyor belt;
the second conveying device consists of a second bracket, a second belt conveying mechanism, a second conveying belt, a second fruit supporting mechanism, a second control panel, a third spectrum door, a computer and a bad fruit collecting frame; the second belt conveying mechanism is arranged on the second support, the second conveying belt is connected with the second belt conveying mechanism, the second fruit supporting mechanism is arranged on the second conveying belt, the second conveying belt penetrates through a third spectrum door on the second support, the second control panel is connected through a wire and arranged on the second support, the second belt conveying mechanism is driven by a motor and installed on the second support, the computer is arranged on one side of the second support, and the bad fruit collecting rack is arranged at a corner of the second support;
the third conveying device consists of a third bracket, a third belt conveying mechanism, a third conveying belt, a third fruit supporting mechanism, a third control panel and a good fruit collecting frame; the third belt conveying mechanism is arranged on the third support, the third conveying belt is connected with the third belt conveying mechanism, the third fruit supporting frame is arranged on the third conveying belt, the third control panel is connected through a conducting wire and arranged on the third support, and the good fruit collecting frame is arranged on one side of the third support.
The first spectrum door, the second spectrum door and the third spectrum door are all composed of a light box, a power supply, a lamp light source, an optical fiber spectrometer, a shading curtain and a photoelectric switch, the power supply, the lamp light source and the optical fiber spectrometer are all installed inside the light box, data of the optical fiber spectrometer are transmitted to a computer for analysis after being detected, the shading curtain is installed on two sides of the light box to prevent an external light source from influencing detection, and the photoelectric switch is installed on the outer surface of the light box.
The first fruit supporting mechanism, the second fruit supporting mechanism and the third fruit supporting mechanism are internally provided with a micro-weighing part and a turnover part, fruit trays are arranged outside the first fruit supporting mechanism, the second fruit supporting mechanism and the third fruit supporting mechanism, the micro-weighing part is used for dynamically weighing the carried objects on the fruit trays and transmitting the data to a computer, and the turnover part is used for turning the fruit trays at an angle of-90 degrees to 90 degrees.
The first conveyor belt is connected with the first belt conveying mechanism, the first fruit supporting mechanism is arranged on the first conveyor belt, the fruit supporting mechanism moves from right to left at a constant speed, fruit grains move from right to left on the first fruit supporting mechanism, the optical fiber spectrometer collects spectral information data on the surfaces of the fruits, processes the spectral information data and compares the spectral information data with a built data model to obtain whether the skins of the fruit grains are worn and whether the interiors of the fruit grains are black or not, and when the first fruit supporting mechanism reaches a specified position, the turning part inside the first fruit supporting mechanism completes turning action to turn and conveys the fruits to the second conveying device.
The second conveying belt is connected with the second conveying belt conveying mechanism, the second fruit supporting mechanism is installed on the second conveying belt and moves from right to left at a constant speed, fruit grains move from right to left on the second fruit supporting mechanism, the optical fiber spectrometer collects spectral information data on the surfaces of the fruits and processes the spectral information data and compares the spectral information data with a built data model to obtain whether the skins of the fruit grains are abraded or not, when the second fruit supporting mechanism reaches the position of the bad fruit collecting frame, the inner overturning part completes overturning action to complete black core fruit recovery, when the second fruit supporting mechanism reaches the designated position, the inner overturning part completes overturning action to overturn, and the fruits are conveyed to the third conveying device.
The third conveying belt is connected with the third conveying belt conveying mechanism, the third fruit supporting mechanism is installed on the third conveying belt, the third fruit supporting mechanism moves from right to left at a constant speed, fruit grains move from right to left on the third fruit supporting mechanism, when the third fruit supporting mechanism reaches the position of the good fruit collecting frame, the internal overturning part receives electric signals sent by a computer, the fruits with different weights and residual fruits with damaged surface skins are overturned one by one in a designated area, the fruits are respectively placed in the good fruit collecting frame, and fruit classification is completed. .
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a fruit sorting machine, which integrally consists of a first conveying device, a second conveying device and a third conveying device; the fruit sorting device comprises a first conveying device, a second conveying device and a third conveying device, different types of fruits are sorted and screened by detecting a first photoelectric second photoelectric gate and a third photoelectric gate through a fiber spectrometer, fruit grains move from right to left on a main conveying belt, and are screened out by comparing with a data model after passing through a first spectrum gate, a second spectrum gate and a third spectrum gate, residual fruits and good fruits with different sizes, a fruit supporting device pushes the fruit grains with different sizes into a bad fruit collecting device and a good fruit collecting device according to the size and the quality of the fruit grains, and the purpose of separating the fruit grains with different sizes and different quality is achieved. The invention solves the problems of high labor intensity and inaccurate grading of manually graded fruit, improves the grading efficiency, realizes the grading of different kinds of fruits, reduces the grading cost and enlarges the application occasions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a first conveying device in the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a second conveying device according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a third conveying device according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the fruit-holding mechanism of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a spectral gate structure according to the present invention.
In the figure: the fruit picking and placing device comprises a first conveying device 100, a fruit feeding port 101, a first support 102, a first belt conveying mechanism 103, a first conveying belt 104, a first fruit tray mechanism 105, a first control panel 106, a first spectrum door 107, a second spectrum door 108, a micro-weighing part 109, a turnover part 110, a fruit tray 111, a light box 112, a power source 113, a light source 114, a fiber-optic spectrometer 115, a shading curtain 116, an optoelectronic switch 117, a second conveying device 200, a second support 201, a second belt conveying mechanism 202, a second conveying belt 203, a second fruit tray mechanism 204, a second control panel 205, a third spectrum door 206, a computer 207, a bad fruit collecting rack 208, a third conveying device 300, a third support 301, a third belt conveying mechanism 302, a third conveying belt 303, a third fruit tray mechanism 304, a third control panel 305 and a good fruit collecting rack 306.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
as shown in fig. 1, a fruit sorter is composed of a first conveyor 100, a second conveyor 200, and a third conveyor 300.
As shown in fig. 1-2, a fruit sorter, a first conveyor 100 is composed of a fruit feeding port 101, a first support 102, a first belt conveying mechanism 103, a first belt 104, a first fruit supporting mechanism 105, a first control panel 106, a first spectrum gate 107 and a second spectrum gate 108; the first conveyor belt 104 is connected to the first support 102, the first conveyor belt 104 rotates through the first belt conveying mechanism 103, the first fruit supporting mechanism 105 is installed on the first conveyor belt 104, the first conveyor belt 104 penetrates through a first spectrum gate 107 and a second spectrum gate 108 on the first support 102, the first control panel 106 is connected by a conducting wire and arranged on the first support 102, the first belt conveying mechanism 103 is driven by a motor and arranged on the first support 102, and the fruit feeding port 101 is arranged on one side of the first conveyor belt 104.
As shown in fig. 3, a fruit sorting machine, the second conveying device 200 is composed of a second bracket 201, a second belt conveying mechanism 202, a second conveying belt 203, a second fruit supporting mechanism 204, a second control panel 205, a third spectrum door 206, a computer 207 and a bad fruit collecting rack 208; the second belt conveying mechanism 202 is arranged on the second support 201, the second conveying belt 203 is connected with the second belt conveying mechanism 202, the second fruit supporting mechanism 204 is arranged on the second conveying belt 203, the second conveying belt 203 penetrates through a third spectrum door 206 on the second support 102, a second control panel 205 is connected through a conducting wire and arranged on the second support 201, the second belt conveying mechanism 202 is driven by a motor and installed on the second support 201, the computer 207 is arranged on one side of the second support 201, and the bad fruit collecting rack 208 is arranged at a corner of the second support 201.
As shown in fig. 4, a fruit sorting machine, a third conveying device 300 is composed of a third bracket 301, a third belt conveying mechanism 302, a third conveying belt 303, a third fruit supporting mechanism 304, a third control panel 305 and a good fruit collecting rack 306; the third belt conveying mechanism 302 is arranged on the third bracket 301, the third conveying belt 303 is connected with the third belt conveying mechanism 302, the third fruit carrying frame 304 is arranged on the third conveying belt 303, the third control panel 305 is connected by a conducting wire and arranged on the third bracket 301, and the good fruit collecting frame 306 is arranged on one side of the third bracket 301.
As shown in fig. 5, a fruit sorting machine, a micro-weighing part 109 and an overturning part 110 are arranged inside a first fruit supporting mechanism 105, a second fruit supporting mechanism 204 and a third fruit supporting mechanism 304, fruit trays 111 are arranged outside the first fruit supporting mechanism 105, the second fruit supporting mechanism 204 and the third fruit supporting mechanism 304, the micro-weighing part 109 dynamically weighs objects carried on the fruit trays and transmits data to a computer 207, and the overturning part 110 realizes overturning of the fruit trays by-90 degrees to 90 degrees.
As shown in fig. 6, a fruit sorter includes a first spectrum gate 107, a second spectrum gate 108, and a third spectrum gate 206, which are all composed of a light box 112, a power source 113, a light source 114, a fiber spectrometer 115, a light-shielding curtain 116, and a photoelectric switch 117, wherein the power source 113, the light source 114, and the fiber spectrometer 115 are all installed inside the light box 112, the data of the fiber spectrometer 115 is transmitted to a computer 207 for analysis after being detected, the light-shielding curtain 116 is installed on both sides of the light box 112 to prevent the external light source from affecting the detection, and the photoelectric switch is installed on the outer surface of the light box 112.
As shown in fig. 1-6, a fruit sorter works as follows: the first conveying device 100 inputs fruits into a first fruit supporting mechanism 105 from a fruit feeding port 101, the first conveying belt 103 drives a first conveying belt 104 to transmit from right to left, the first conveying belt passes through a first spectrum gate 107, a fiber spectrometer 115 measures and collects spectrum information of the surfaces of the fruits, then the spectrum information is subjected to average processing to serve as spectrum representative information of various typical samples, preprocessing is carried out to obtain spectrum data of a correction set sample, principal component analysis is carried out on the information data in the spectrum of the correction set sample, characteristic information data is extracted, modeling is carried out, display of a prediction result is completed, black core bad fruits are screened out and transmitted back to a computer for data analysis, then a data model different from the first spectrum gate is established through a second spectrum gate 108, the spectrum information collected by the fiber spectrometer is compared with a new data model, residual fruits with damaged skin are screened out, data analysis is carried out on a data computer 207, and then overturning action is carried out through an overturning mechanism 110 in the first fruit supporting mechanism 105, and fruit grains enter a next conveying belt; the second conveying device 200 is used for comparing the spectral information acquired by the optical fiber spectrometer with a new data model by using a data model which is the same as that of the second spectrum gate 108, screening out residual fruits with damaged skins on the other surface, transmitting the data back to a computer, then turning over the second fruit supporting mechanism 204 with the detected black-core fruit particles in a specified area, turning the damaged fruits into a damaged fruit collecting frame 208 to realize the recovery of the damaged fruits, then turning over the damaged fruits by using a turning over mechanism in the second fruit supporting mechanism, and enabling the fruit particles to enter the third conveying device 300; when the fruit is turned over from the first conveyor 200 to the second conveyor 300, the fruit is moved from right to left on the third fruit supporting mechanism 304 by the third conveyor 303. The third fruit supporting mechanism 304 containing fruits with different weights and residual fruits with damaged epidermis is turned over one by one in a designated area to finish fruit classification.

Claims (2)

1. A fruit sorting machine which is characterized in that: the fruit sorting machine consists of a first conveying device (100), a second conveying device (200) and a third conveying device (300);
the first conveying device (100) consists of a fruit feeding port (101), a first support (102), a first belt conveying mechanism (103), a first conveying belt (104), a first fruit supporting mechanism (105), a first control panel (106), a first spectrum door (107) and a second spectrum door (108); the first conveyor belt (104) is connected to the first support (102), the first conveyor belt (104) rotates through the first belt conveying mechanism (103), the first fruit supporting mechanism (105) is installed on the first conveyor belt (104), the first conveyor belt (104) penetrates through a first spectrum gate (107) and a second spectrum gate (108) on the first support (102), the first control panel (106) is connected through a conducting wire and arranged on the first support (102), the first belt conveying mechanism (103) is driven by a motor and arranged on the first support (102), and the fruit feeding port (101) is arranged on one side of the first conveyor belt (104);
the second conveying device (200) consists of a second bracket (201), a second belt conveying mechanism (202), a second conveying belt (203), a second fruit supporting mechanism (204), a second control panel (205), a third spectrum door (206), a computer (207) and a bad fruit collecting rack (208); the second belt conveying mechanism (202) is arranged on the second support (201), the second conveying belt (203) is connected with the second belt conveying mechanism (202), the second fruit supporting mechanism (204) is arranged on the second conveying belt (203), the second conveying belt (203) penetrates through a third spectrum door (206) on the second support (201), the second control panel (205) is connected through a wire and arranged on the second support (201), the second belt conveying mechanism (202) is driven by a motor and installed on the second support (201), the computer (207) is arranged on one side of the second support (201), and the bad fruit collecting rack (208) is arranged at the corner of the second support (201);
the third conveying device (300) consists of a third support (301), a third belt conveying mechanism (302), a third conveying belt (303), a third fruit supporting mechanism (304), a third control panel (305) and a good fruit collecting frame (306); the third belt conveying mechanism (302) is arranged on the third support (301), the third conveying belt (303) is connected with the third belt conveying mechanism (302), the third fruit supporting mechanism (304) is arranged on the third conveying belt (303), the third control panel (305) is connected by a conducting wire and arranged on the third support (301), and the good fruit collecting rack (306) is arranged on one side of the third support (301);
the interior of each of the first fruit supporting mechanism (105), the second fruit supporting mechanism (204) and the third fruit supporting mechanism (304) is provided with a micro-weighing part (109) and a turning part (110), the exterior of each of the first fruit supporting mechanism (105), the second fruit supporting mechanism (204) and the third fruit supporting mechanism (304) is provided with a fruit tray (111), the micro-weighing part (109) dynamically weighs the objects on the fruit tray and transmits the data to a computer (207), and the turning part (110) turns the fruit tray at an angle of-90 degrees to 90 degrees;
the first conveyor belt (104) is connected with the first belt conveying mechanism (103), the first fruit supporting mechanism (105) is arranged on the first conveyor belt (104) and moves at a constant speed from right to left, fruit grains move from right to left on the first fruit supporting mechanism (105), the optical fiber spectrometer (115) collects spectral information data of the surfaces of the fruits, processes the spectral information data and compares the spectral information data with a built data model to obtain whether the skins of the fruit grains are worn and whether the interiors of the fruit grains are black or not, and when the first fruit supporting mechanism (105) reaches a specified position, the internal overturning part (110) completes overturning action to overturn and conveys the fruits to the second conveying device (200);
the second conveying belt (203) is connected with the second conveying belt (202), the second fruit supporting mechanism (204) is installed on the second conveying belt (203), the second fruit supporting mechanism (204) moves from right to left at a constant speed, fruit grains move from right to left on the second fruit supporting mechanism (204), the optical fiber spectrometer (115) collects spectral information data of the surfaces of the fruits, whether the skins of the fruit grains are worn or not is obtained through comparison with a built data model, when the second fruit supporting mechanism (204) reaches the position of the bad fruit collecting frame (208), the inner overturning part (110) completes overturning actions to complete black core fruit recovery, when the second fruit supporting mechanism (204) reaches the designated position, the inner overturning part (110) completes overturning actions to overturn, and the fruits are conveyed to the third conveying device (300);
the third conveyor belt (303) is connected with the third conveyor belt mechanism (302), the third fruit supporting mechanism (304) is installed on the third conveyor belt (303), the third fruit supporting mechanism (304) moves from right to left at a constant speed, fruit grains move from right to left on the third fruit supporting mechanism (304), when the third fruit supporting mechanism (304) reaches the position of the good fruit collecting frame (306), an internal overturning part (110) receives an electric signal sent by a computer (207), fruits with different weights and residual fruits with damaged skins are overturned one by one in a specified area, the fruits are respectively placed in the good fruit collecting frame (306), and fruit classification is completed;
when the fruit turning machine is used, a first conveying device (100), a second conveying device (200) and a third conveying device (300) are placed side by side, fruits are input into a first fruit supporting mechanism (105) from a fruit feeding port (101), a first belt conveying mechanism (103) drives a first conveying belt (104) to drive from right to left, the fruits pass through a first spectrum gate (107), spectrum information of the surfaces of the fruits is measured and collected by an optical fiber spectrometer (115), then average processing is carried out to be used as spectrum representative information of various typical samples, preprocessing is carried out to obtain spectrum data of a correction set sample, principal component analysis is carried out on the information data in the spectrum of the correction set sample, characteristic information data is extracted, modeling is carried out, the display of a prediction result is completed, black core bad fruits are screened out, the data are returned to a computer to be subjected to data analysis, then a second spectrum gate (108) is used for establishing a data model different from the first spectrum gate (107), the spectrum information collected by the optical fiber spectrometer is compared with a new data model, the damaged fruits are screened out, data analysis is returned to a computer (207), and then the data are turned over by a turnover mechanism (110) to turn over the surface of the fruits, and fruit turning over is carried out; when the fruit grains are overturned from the first conveying device (100) to the second conveying device (200), the fruit grains are driven by the second conveying belt (203) to move from right to left on the second fruit supporting mechanism (204), the contained fruit passes through the third spectrum gate (206), the third spectrum gate (206) adopts the same data model as the second spectrum gate (108), the spectrum information collected by the optical fiber spectrometer is compared with a new data model, the residual fruit with damaged skin on the other side is screened out, the data is transmitted back to a computer, then the second fruit supporting mechanism (204) with the detected black-core fruit grains reaches a specified area to be overturned, the damaged fruit is overturned into the damaged fruit collecting frame (208), the damaged fruit is recovered, then the overturning mechanism in the second fruit supporting mechanism (204) carries out overturning action, and the fruit grains enter the third conveying device (300); when the fruit grains are turned over to a third conveying device (300) from the second conveying device (200), the fruit grains are driven by a third conveying belt (303) to move from right to left on a third fruit supporting mechanism (304); the third fruit supporting mechanism (304) containing fruits with different weights and residual fruits with damaged epidermis is turned over one by one in a designated area to finish fruit classification.
2. A fruit sorter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the light box is characterized in that the first spectrum door (107), the second spectrum door (108) and the third spectrum door (206) are composed of a light box (112), a power supply (113), a lamp light source (114), an optical fiber spectrometer (115), a light-shading curtain (116) and a photoelectric switch (117), the power supply (113), the lamp light source (114) and the optical fiber spectrometer (115) are all installed inside the light box (112), the data of the optical fiber spectrometer (115) are detected and then transmitted to a computer (207) for analysis, the light-shading curtain (116) is installed on two sides of the light box (112) to prevent an external light source from influencing detection, and the photoelectric switch (117) is installed on the outer surface of the light box (112).
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