CN112468041A - 基于二极管箝位的双三相开绕组永磁同步发电机系统 - Google Patents
基于二极管箝位的双三相开绕组永磁同步发电机系统 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于二极管箝位的双三相开绕组永磁同步发电机系统,包括双三相开绕组永磁同步风力发电机,以及并联于同一直流母线上的四套二极管箝位三电平整流器,每一套二极管箝位三电平整流器包括三个并联于直流母线上的二极管箝位三电平桥臂;其中一个三相开绕组永磁同步风力发电机的三相开绕组的两端分别连接至其中两套二极管箝位三电平整流器的三个二极管箝位三电平桥臂上,另外一个三相开绕组永磁同步风力发电机的三相开绕组的两端分别连接至另外两套二极管箝位三电平整流器的三个二极管箝位三电平桥臂上,每一个二极管箝位三电平桥臂的中性点分别经直流母线电容连接至直流母线的正极和负极;本发明具有中压、大功率、高可靠的特点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及可再生能源风力发电技术领域,特别是一种基于二极管箝位的双三相开绕组永磁同步发电机系统。
背景技术
近年来,可再生能源在全球的能源消耗占比不断增加。其中,风能变为主流可再生能源,有与传统化石能源竞争的潜力。传统的低压大功率风力发电系统需要粗电缆、大升压变压器。风力发电系统功率已经超过10MW。因此利用二极管中点箝位变换器不仅可以提升发电系统的电压和功率,也可以避免粗电缆和大升压变压器使用,降低成本和重量。
风力发电系统对可靠性,功率密度、效率具有较高要求。双三相开绕组永磁同步发电机并配有四组二极管箝位三相三电平变换器,可满足风力发电系统的各方面性能要求。特别是海上风力发电要求极高的可靠性,基于二极管箝位的双三相开绕组永磁同步发电机系统能够很好地迎合其需求。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中存在的问题,针对风力发电系统的功率等级受限,需要笨重的升压变压器和粗电缆,可靠性相对较低的问题,本发明的目的是提供一种基于二极管箝位的双三相开绕组永磁同步发电机系统,具有中压、大功率、高可靠的特点。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种基于二极管箝位的双三相开绕组永磁同步发电机系统,包括双三相开绕组永磁同步风力发电机,以及并联于同一直流母线上的四套二极管箝位三电平整流器,每一套所述二极管箝位三电平整流器包括三个并联于所述直流母线上的二极管箝位三电平桥臂;其中一个三相开绕组永磁同步风力发电机的三相开绕组的两端分别连接至其中两套二极管箝位三电平整流器的三个二极管箝位三电平桥臂上,另外一个三相开绕组永磁同步风力发电机的三相开绕组的两端分别连接至另外两套二极管箝位三电平整流器的三个二极管箝位三电平桥臂上,每一个二极管箝位三电平桥臂的中性点分别经直流母线电容连接至所述直流母线的正极和负极。
优选地,双三相开绕组永磁同步风力发电机的两套三相开绕组空间上互差30º电角度。
优选地,二极管箝位三电平桥臂的中性点与直流母线正极之间的直流母线电容和二极管箝位三电平桥臂的中性点与直流母线负极之间的直流母线电容的容值相等。
本发明主要由双三相开绕组永磁同步风力发电机和四套三相二极管箝位三电平整流器构成,通过配合使用两套三相开绕组互差30º电角度的双三相永磁同步风力发电机和四套三相二极管箝位三电平整流器对直流母线电压电流纹波进行抑制,采用四套二极管箝位三电平整流器并联同一个直流母线,增加了单直流母线的传输功率,并能够对直流母线的电流纹波进行有抑制效果,采用二极管箝位三电平桥臂,增加直流母线的电压等级,进一步增加发电系统的功率等级,本发明中的双三相永磁同步发电机开绕组、三相二极管箝位三电平整流桥均具有冗余特性,能够提升系统整体可靠性。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明采用的双三相开绕组永磁同步风力发电机通过将三相永磁同步发电机的绕组数量加倍大幅提升发电机的容量,增加发电机的功率密度。
2、本发明通过配合使用两套三相绕组互差30º电角度的双三相永磁同步风力发电机和四套三相二极管箝位三电平整流器,可降低直流母线电流纹波,能够大幅降低直流母线电容容量,提高变换器功率密度。
3、本发明采用三相二极管箝位三电平整流器,和传统三相两电平整流器相比,其耐压能力增加一倍,可用于中压发电系统,避免粗电缆和升压变压器使用,功率也进一步增加,提高了变换器的功率密度。
4、本发明通过对永磁同步发电机开绕组、三相二极管中点箝位三电平整流器建立冗余,可以在系统中一对三相绕组、三相二极管中点箝位三电平整流器、直流母线电容发生电气故障后,利用冗余部分继续运行,大幅提高发电系统的可靠性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中二极管箝位三电平整流器的双三相开绕组永磁同步发电系统的拓扑结构图;
图2为本发明实施例中二极管箝位三电平整流器的双三相开绕组永磁同步发电系统整体结构框图;
图3为本发明实施例中二极管箝位三电平桥臂的一个开关管故障时各个三相三电平二极管箝位整流器的剩余电压矢量图。
附图标记:
1、三相开绕组,2、二极管箝位三电平整流器,3、二极管箝位三电平桥臂,4、直流母线电容。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行详细说明。
实施例
如图1所示,一种基于二极管箝位的双三相开绕组永磁同步发电机系统,包括双三相开绕组永磁同步风力发电机,以及并联于同一直流母线上的四套二极管箝位三电平整流器2,每一套所述二极管箝位三电平整流器2包括三个并联于所述直流母线上的二极管箝位三电平桥臂3;其中一个三相开绕组永磁同步风力发电机的三相开绕组1的两端分别连接至其中两套二极管箝位三电平整流器2的三个二极管箝位三电平桥臂3上,另外一个三相开绕组永磁同步风力发电机的三相开绕组1的两端分别连接至另外两套二极管箝位三电平整流器2的三个二极管箝位三电平桥臂3上,每一个二极管箝位三电平桥臂3的中性点分别经容值相等的直流母线电容4连接至所述直流母线的正极和负极。
在本实施例中,双三相开绕组永磁同步风力发电机的两套三相开绕组1空间上互差30º电角度。
下面对本实施例作进一步说明:
再如图1所示,首先双三相永磁同步风力发电机的风叶在风力作用下带动永磁体转子建立旋转磁动势。由于A1B1C1A2B2C2三相开绕组和D1E1F1D2E2F2三开相绕组空间上互差30º电角度,两套三相开绕组1产生的相电流之间也互差30º电角度。两套三相开绕组1产生的三相电流分别流经相应的三相二极管箝位三电平整流器2后在直流母线上相互叠加,能够产生具有较小纹波的直流母线电流和直流母线电压。采用二极管箝位电路可提高发电系统的电压等级,并通过直流母线电容4进行滤波和稳压。输出优质平稳的大电压。在系统可靠性方面,本实施例中的双三相开绕组永磁同步发电机、三相二极管箝位三电平整流器2均具有冗余特性,可以在系统中A1B1C1A2B2C2三相开绕组,D1E1F1D2E2F2三相开绕组,三相二极管箝位三电平整流桥,直流母线电容发生电气故障后,利用冗余部分继续运行,大幅提高系统的可靠性。当A1B1C1A2B2C2三相开绕组发生电气故障后,可通过断开A1B1C1A2B2C2三相开绕组与三相二极管箝位三电平整流器直接的电气连接从而将发生故障的绕组从系统中切除,并利用冗余绕组继续进行发电。当四套三相二极管箝位三电平整流器2中的一套发生电气故障后,可通过隔离故障二极管箝位三电平桥臂中的故障器件,并利用冗余电压矢量继续产生较为平稳的直流母线电压和电流。
对于双三相永磁同步风力发电机绕组电流的优化,如图2所示。由于双三相永磁同步风力发电机的绕组数量是传统的三相永磁同步风力发电机绕组数量的二倍,因此改进的双三相永磁同步风力发电机绕组电流的幅值为相同功率等级的传统三相永磁同步风力发电机绕组电流的一半。因此,通过增加风力发电机绕组数量可有效降低绕组电流应力,有助于提升风力发电系统的功率等级。此外开绕组的连接方式配合三电平变换器能够大幅提升系统的电压等级,从而进一步提升系统的功率等级。如图2所示,电力电子变换器和双三相开绕组永磁同步电机共有12路电流流通通道,是传统的三相永磁同步电机的3路电流通道的4倍,既增加了系统功率等级,也降低了纹波电流电压。
再如图3所示,图3中(a)为绕组A1B1C1的三相三电平二极管箝位变换器在A1绕组桥臂外侧的开关管开路故障下的电压空间矢量图,(b)为绕组A2B2C2的三相三电平二极管箝位变换器在A1绕组桥臂外侧的开关管开路故障下的电压空间矢量图,(c)为绕组D1E1F1的三相三电平二极管箝位变换器在A1绕组桥臂外侧的开关管开路故障下的电压空间矢量图,(d)为绕组D2E2F2的三相三电平二极管箝位变换器在A1绕组桥臂外侧的开关管开路故障下的电压空间矢量图。图3的(a)中,黑色箭头代表剩余矢量,灰色箭头代表缺失矢量。
对于开关管故障的容错控制,当A相桥臂的外侧其中一个开关故障时,剩余的大矢量和中矢量无法构成如图3中(a)所示的完整的大正六边形。当故障三相二极管箝位变换器参考电压在空间矢量图缺失小矢量的区域时,故障三相二极管箝位变换器输出的不利于直流母线中点电压平衡的小矢量可以被另外三组健全的三相二极管箝位变换器产生的对母线中点电压作用效果相反小矢量抵消掉,因而直流母线中点电压的平衡能力不会因器件故障被削弱。同时从图3可知,剩余的矢量足够冗余,可保证变换器的高可靠性。变换器的高可靠性,是风力发电系统高可靠性的必要条件。
以上所述实施例仅表达了本发明的具体实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形和改进,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种基于二极管箝位的双三相开绕组永磁同步发电机系统,其特征在于,包括双三相开绕组永磁同步风力发电机,以及并联于同一直流母线上的四套二极管箝位三电平整流器,每一套所述二极管箝位三电平整流器包括三个并联于所述直流母线上的二极管箝位三电平桥臂;其中一个三相开绕组永磁同步风力发电机的三相开绕组的两端分别连接至其中两套二极管箝位三电平整流器的三个二极管箝位三电平桥臂上,另外一个三相开绕组永磁同步风力发电机的三相开绕组的两端分别连接至另外两套二极管箝位三电平整流器的三个二极管箝位三电平桥臂上,每一个二极管箝位三电平桥臂的中性点分别经直流母线电容连接至所述直流母线的正极和负极。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于二极管箝位的双三相开绕组永磁同步发电机系统,其特征在于,双三相开绕组永磁同步风力发电机的两套三相开绕组空间上互差30º电角度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于二极管箝位的双三相开绕组永磁同步发电机系统,其特征在于,二极管箝位三电平桥臂的中性点与直流母线正极之间的直流母线电容和二极管箝位三电平桥臂的中性点与直流母线负极之间的直流母线电容的容值相等。
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