CN112466973A

CN112466973A - Photovoltaic module

Info

Publication number: CN112466973A
Application number: CN202011204055.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李白茹; 徐孟雷; 杨洁; 张昕宇; 金浩
Original assignee: Zhejiang Jinko Solar Co Ltd; Jinko Solar Co Ltd
Current assignee: Zhejiang Jinko Solar Co Ltd; Jinko Solar Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-11-02
Filing date: 2020-11-02
Publication date: 2021-03-09

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a photovoltaic module, which comprises a substrate, a battery string and a cover plate, wherein the substrate, the battery string and the cover plate are sequentially stacked; the first packaging layer is positioned between the substrate and the cover plate and is wound around the battery string, and the first packaging layer, the substrate and the cover plate enclose a closed area; a moisture detection layer located within the enclosed area, the moisture detection layer responsive to information from the moisture detection layer to detect and determine the presence or absence of moisture within the enclosed area. According to the photovoltaic module, the moisture detection layer can detect moisture in the closed area, and workers can encapsulate the photovoltaic module again according to response information of the moisture detection layer, so that the service life of the photovoltaic module is prolonged.

Description

Photovoltaic module

Technical Field

The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of solar energy, in particular to a photovoltaic module.

Background

Photovoltaic modules are devices that directly convert light energy into electrical energy by the photoelectric or photochemical effect. Photovoltaic modules include silicon-based photovoltaic modules, gallium arsenide photovoltaic modules, perovskite photovoltaic modules, and the like. The perovskite photovoltaic module is used as a photovoltaic cell with the most development potential in a third-generation solar cell, the energy conversion efficiency is greatly improved within a short decade, and the perovskite photovoltaic module is expected to play a great role in the field of energy due to the low manufacturing cost.

The packaging technology can isolate the battery string in the photovoltaic module from the external environment, prevent the pollution and corrosion of various impurities, and is a method for prolonging the service life of precise electronic components. However, since the materials in the perovskite photovoltaic module are sensitive to water vapor, oxygen, pressure and the like in the air, the current packaging technology cannot meet the requirements, and the service life of the photovoltaic module still needs to be improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the invention aims to provide a photovoltaic module, and the service life of the photovoltaic module is prolonged.

To solve the above problem, an embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic module, including: the battery pack comprises a substrate, a battery string and a cover plate which are sequentially stacked; the first packaging layer is positioned between the substrate and the cover plate and is wound around the battery string, and the first packaging layer, the substrate and the cover plate enclose a closed area; a moisture detection layer located within the enclosed area, the moisture detection layer responsive to information from the moisture detection layer to detect and determine the presence or absence of moisture within the enclosed area.

Additionally, the moisture-detecting layer is further adapted to locate a location within the enclosed area having moisture.

In addition, the moisture detection layer is located at least between the first encapsulation layer and the battery string.

In addition, the battery string has a first face and a second face opposite to each other and a side face connecting the first face and the second face, the first face is far away from the substrate, and the second face faces the substrate; the first face includes a central region and a peripheral region surrounding the central region, the moisture detection layer being located on the side face and on the first face of the peripheral region.

In addition, the moisture detecting layer is attached to the side surface and the first surface of the peripheral region.

In addition, the photovoltaic module further includes: an isolation layer located at the side and the first face of the peripheral region, and the isolation layer is located between the moisture detection layer and the battery string.

Additionally, the moisture detecting layer is also located on the first side of the central region.

In addition, the moisture detection layer is arranged around the battery string in a surrounding mode, and the moisture detection layer, the substrate and the cover plate form a sealed area in a surrounding mode.

In addition, corner boundary areas are arranged between the first packaging layer and the substrate and between the first packaging layer and the cover plate, and the moisture detection layer is at least positioned in the corner boundary areas.

In addition, the moisture detection layer is also located on an inner wall surface of the first encapsulation layer facing the enclosed area.

In addition, the moisture detection layer is located between the battery string and the cap plate.

In addition, the photovoltaic module further includes: a second encapsulation layer filling the enclosed region.

In addition, the base plate is the electrically conductive base, the battery cluster includes perovskite battery.

In addition, the base plate is a bearing plate, and the battery string is a perovskite battery.

In addition, the moisture detection layer is located between the battery string and the substrate.

In addition, the moisture detection layer includes a moisture-absorbing discoloration layer, a moisture-sensitive resistor, or a moisture-sensitive sensor.

In addition, the material of the hygroscopic discoloration layer comprises copper sulfate, cobalt chloride, methine amines or organic phenols.

In addition, the photovoltaic module further includes a functional layer located within the enclosed region, the functional layer being adapted to absorb moisture and convert to a cured layer, and the cured layer having a degree of crosslinking greater than a degree of crosslinking of the functional layer.

In addition, the material of the functional layer comprises a hydrolytically crosslinkable material.

In addition, the material of the first encapsulation layer includes a moisture-curable, photo-curable material or an additive-curable material.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:

embodiments of the present invention provide a photovoltaic module that includes a moisture-detecting layer within an enclosed area, the moisture-detecting layer being adapted to detect moisture within the enclosed area. Therefore, when moisture got into closed area, the staff can be according to the testing result on moisture detection layer to in time seal photovoltaic module once more, avoid moisture to damage the battery cluster, thereby improve photovoltaic module's life.

In addition, the photovoltaic module further comprises a functional layer located in the enclosed area, the functional layer is suitable for absorbing moisture located in the enclosed area and converting the moisture into a cured layer, and the crosslinking degree of the cured layer is larger than that of the functional layer. Therefore, the functional layer can automatically perform secondary packaging after absorbing moisture, and the moisture is prevented from damaging the battery string, thereby improving the packaging effect.

Drawings

One or more embodiments are illustrated by corresponding figures in the drawings, which are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments, unless expressly stated otherwise, and the drawings are not to scale.

Fig. 1 to 9 are schematic structural views of a photovoltaic module provided in a first embodiment;

fig. 10-18 are schematic structural views of a photovoltaic module provided in a second embodiment;

19-20 are schematic structural views of a photovoltaic module provided by a third embodiment;

fig. 21 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module according to a fourth embodiment.

Detailed Description

As is known from the background art, the service life of photovoltaic modules is to be increased. The analysis shows that the main reasons comprise: in the packaging process of the photovoltaic module, the problem of untight packaging is easy to occur; in the use process of the photovoltaic module, the packaging material is easy to age under the action of light, heat, water and the like. The battery string is attacked by moisture, and the problems of decomposition, efficiency reduction, failure and the like are easy to occur.

In order to solve the above problems, embodiments of the present invention provide a photovoltaic module and a method for manufacturing the photovoltaic module. The photovoltaic module is provided with a moisture detection layer, and whether moisture exists in the closed area or not is detected and judged through response information of the moisture detection layer. Therefore, under the condition that the packaging is not tight or the packaging material is aged, the moisture detection layer can quickly detect moisture entering the sealed area, and a worker can package the photovoltaic assembly again according to response information of the moisture detection layer, so that the service life of the photovoltaic assembly is prolonged.

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that in various embodiments of the invention, numerous technical details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, the technical solution claimed in the present application can be implemented without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments. Fig. 1 to 9 are schematic structural diagrams of the photovoltaic module provided in this embodiment.

A first embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic module, and referring to fig. 1 to 9, the photovoltaic module includes: a substrate 110, a battery string 100, and a cover plate 120 stacked in this order; the first packaging layer 130 is positioned between the substrate 110 and the cover plate 120 and surrounds the battery string 100, and the first packaging layer 130, the substrate 110 and the cover plate 120 enclose a closed area; the moisture detection layer 140, the moisture detection layer 140 is located in the enclosed area, and the response information of the moisture detection layer 140 is used to detect and judge whether moisture exists in the enclosed area.

The following detailed description will be made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

In this embodiment, the substrate 110 is a conductive base, and the battery string 100 includes perovskite batteries. That is, in the present embodiment, the substrate 110 can not only support the cell string 100, but also serve as an anode to collect electrons generated by the cell string 100 after being illuminated. The substrate 110 may be fluorine-doped tin oxide conductive glass or indium tin oxide conductive glass. That is, the substrate 110 may serve as conductive glass of the battery string 100.

In this embodiment, the battery string 100 is a perovskite battery film layer, which includes: a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, an electron transport layer, a metal electrode and the like. Upon exposure to sunlight, the perovskite layer first absorbs photons to generate electron-hole pairs. The electrons and holes that are not recombined are collected by the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer, respectively, i.e., the electrons are transported from the perovskite layer to the electron transport layer and finally collected by the substrate 110; the holes are transported from the perovskite layer to the hole transport layer and finally collected by the metal electrode. Finally, a photocurrent is generated through a circuit connecting the substrate 110 and the metal electrode. The perovskite material has lower carrier recombination probability and higher carrier mobility, and the diffusion distance and the service life of the carrier are longer, so that the perovskite battery film layer has higher photoelectric conversion efficiency.

In other embodiments, the battery string may further include a battery film layer such as gallium arsenide, copper indium selenide, or cadmium telluride.

It is understood that the cell string 100 is a cell structure in which a plurality of solar cells are connected in parallel and/or in series.

In this embodiment, the cover plate 120 is glass, and in other embodiments, the cover plate may be transparent plastic.

The first encapsulation layer 130 is located between the substrate 110 and the cover plate 120 and surrounds the battery string 100, and the first encapsulation layer 130, the substrate 110 and the cover plate 120 enclose an enclosed area.

The material of the first encapsulation layer 130 includes: the moisture curable, light curable material or additive curable material may be, for example, polyisobutylene, polyurethane or polyolefin. Since the perovskite is not resistant to high temperature, the temperature is not suitable to be too high in the lamination process of the photovoltaic module; if the first encapsulation layer 130 is made of a thermosetting material, the temperature during the lamination process is difficult to reach the curing temperature of the first encapsulation layer 130, and the first encapsulation layer 130 may be incompletely cured, thereby resulting in poor encapsulation. Therefore, the first encapsulation layer 130 is made of moisture curing, light curing material or additive curing material, which can avoid the above problem, i.e. the first encapsulation layer 130 can have better curing effect at normal temperature without needing higher temperature.

The width of the first encapsulation layer 130 in a direction parallel to the upper surface of the substrate 110 is 3mm to 500 mm. It should be noted that if the width of the first encapsulation layer 130 is too small, the problem of poor encapsulation is likely to occur; if the width is too large, the area of the photovoltaic module is increased. The width of the first encapsulation layer 130 within 3mm-500mm can avoid the above two problems.

Referring to fig. 1-6 and 8-9, the enclosed area is also filled with a second encapsulation layer 170.

The second encapsulation layer 170 can further improve the sealing effect and prevent moisture from invading.

The material of the second encapsulant layer 170 is different from the material of the first encapsulant layer 130, and may be an eva (ethylene Vinyl acetate) adhesive film.

In other embodiments, the material of the second encapsulation layer may be the same as the material of the first encapsulation layer; alternatively, there may be no second encapsulation layer within the enclosed area, i.e. there may be a gap within the enclosed area.

The response information of the moisture detection layer 140 includes: color information or photoelectric information. Taking the color information as an example, the response information includes first response information and second response information; the first response information is information of which the color is not changed; the second response information is information of a color change. If moisture is not present in the enclosed area, the moisture-detecting layer 140 sends or presents a first response message to the outside; if the first packaging layer 130 or the second packaging layer 170 has problems of poor packaging or material aging, moisture enters the closed area, and the moisture detection layer sends or presents a second response message outwards. Therefore, the worker can judge whether moisture exists in the closed area according to the response information of the moisture detection layer 140, and if moisture exists, the photovoltaic module is packaged again, so that the problem that the battery string 100 is decomposed or fails in the moisture can be avoided.

The moisture-detecting layer 140 is also adapted to locate a location within the enclosed area having moisture. Specifically, the moisture detection layer 140 may be provided at different positions in the enclosed area, and the position of moisture may be located according to the detection result of the moisture detection layer 140 at the different positions.

In this embodiment, the moisture detecting layer 140 includes a hygroscopic discoloration layer. The moisture absorption discoloring layer changes color after absorbing moisture, and whether moisture enters the closed area can be judged according to the color change condition; in addition, the specific location of moisture may be determined according to the specific location of the color change of the moisture discoloration layer. The material of the hygroscopic discoloration layer can be copper sulfate, cobalt chloride, methylene amine or organic phenols. Taking copper sulfate as an example, the copper sulfate is grey white before absorbing water and blue after absorbing water; therefore, after the moisture absorption discoloring layer is changed from white to blue, a worker can judge that moisture enters the closed area, and therefore the photovoltaic module is packaged again.

In other embodiments, the moisture detecting layer 140 may also be a moisture sensitive resistor or a moisture sensitive sensor. The resistance of the moisture sensitive resistor changes after moisture absorption, and whether moisture enters the closed area or not can be judged according to the resistance change condition. The humidity-sensitive sensor can convert humidity into a signal to be sent out, and whether moisture enters the closed area or not can be judged according to the signal. In addition, a plurality of humidity-sensitive resistors or humidity-sensitive sensors can be arranged in the closed area at intervals, and specific positions of humidity can be judged according to resistance value changes of the humidity-sensitive resistors at different positions or signal changes of the humidity-sensitive sensors.

The technical solutions regarding the specific location of the moisture detection layer 140 within the enclosed area mainly include the following examples:

as an example, referring to fig. 1, a battery string 100 has first and second opposing faces 101 and 102 and a side face 103 connecting the first and

second faces

101 and 102, the first face 101 being away from a substrate 110 and the second face 102 being toward the substrate 110; the first side 101 includes a central region 105 and a peripheral region 104 surrounding the central region 105, the moisture detection layer 140 being located on the side 103 and on the first side 101 of the peripheral region 104; and the moisture detecting layer 140 is attached to the side surface 103 and the first side 101 of the peripheral region 104.

In example two, referring to fig. 2, the photovoltaic module further includes an isolation layer 160, the isolation layer 160 is located on the side surface 103 and the first surface 101 of the peripheral region 104, and the isolation layer 160 is located between the moisture detection layer 140 and the cell string 100.

The isolation layer 160 can further improve the tightness of the package, and the isolation layer 160 can also isolate the moisture detection layer 140 from the battery string 100; if the material used for the moisture detection layer 140 may react with the material of the battery string 100, the isolation layer 160 can prevent the moisture detection layer 140 from adversely affecting the battery string 100, thereby increasing the lifetime of the battery string 100. The material of the isolation layer 160 may be EVA glue film.

Example three, referring to fig. 3, the moisture detecting layer 140 is also located on the first side 101 of the central region 105. That is, the moisture detection layer 140 is located on the side surface 103 and the first surface 101 of the battery string 100. A separation layer 160 is also included between the moisture detection layer 140 and the battery string 100. It is understood that the moisture detection layer 140 may also be attached directly to the side 103 and the first side 101 of the battery string 100, i.e., there is no isolation layer 160 between the moisture detection layer 140 and the battery string 100.

In example four, referring to fig. 4, the moisture detection layer 140 is disposed around the battery string 100, and the moisture detection layer 140, the substrate 110, and the cover plate 120 enclose a sealed region. I.e., the moisture-detecting layer 140 is disposed around the side 103 of the battery string 100 and encloses the battery string 100 within the enclosed area.

The moisture detection layer 140 may be disposed to be closely attached to the side surface of the battery string 100, or may be spaced from the side surface of the battery string 100 by a certain gap; or there may be a separation layer between the moisture detection layer 140 and the side of the battery string 100.

In example five, referring to fig. 5, corner interface regions are formed between the first encapsulation layer 130 and the substrate 110 and between the first encapsulation layer 130 and the cover plate 120, and the moisture detection layer 140 is at least located at the corner interface regions. That is, the moisture detection layer 140 covers the interface between the first encapsulation layer 130 and the cover plate 120 and the substrate 110.

Example six, referring to fig. 6, the moisture detection layer 140 is also located on the inner wall surface of the first encapsulation layer 130 facing the battery string 100.

Seventh, referring to fig. 7, the moisture detection layer 140 fills the closed region, and at this time, the moisture detection layer 140 completely covers the battery string 100, and the moisture detection layer 140 has a larger thickness, so that the detection effect is better.

It is noted that in examples one through seven, the moisture detection layer 140 is located at least between the first encapsulation layer 130 and the battery string 100. If the first packaging layer 130 or the second packaging layer 170 is not tightly packaged or the package is degraded, the position between the first packaging layer 130 and the battery string 100 where moisture enters is the first, and therefore, the moisture detection layer 140 is arranged between the first packaging layer 130 and the battery string 100, so that the moisture detection speed can be improved.

Example eight, referring to fig. 8, the moisture detection layer 140 is located between the battery string 100 and the cap plate 120.

Example nine, referring to FIG. 9, the enclosed area has a plurality of discrete moisture detecting layers 140 within the enclosed area, each moisture detecting layer 140 being a moisture detecting point, so that moisture is detected by a color change at each moisture detecting point, enabling the location of moisture to be pinpointed.

In summary, the photovoltaic module of the present embodiment has the moisture detection layer 140 in the enclosed area, and the moisture detection layer 140 responds to the information to detect and determine whether moisture exists in the enclosed area. In addition, the moisture-detecting layer 140 can also locate a specific location of moisture within the enclosed area. Therefore, the photovoltaic module is encapsulated again by the operator according to the response information of the moisture detection layer 140, so that the battery string 100 is prevented from being decomposed and failing in moisture.

A second embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic module, which is substantially the same as the photovoltaic module provided in the first embodiment, and the main differences include: in this embodiment, the substrate is a carrier plate, and the battery string is a perovskite battery. For the same or similar parts of the photovoltaic module provided in this embodiment as those of the photovoltaic module provided in the first embodiment, please refer to the first embodiment, which is not repeated herein. Fig. 9 to 16 are schematic structural views of the photovoltaic module provided in this embodiment.

Referring to fig. 10 to 18, the photovoltaic module includes: a substrate 210, a battery string 200, and a cap plate 220 stacked in this order; the first packaging layer 230, the first packaging layer 230 is located between the substrate 210 and the cover plate 220 and surrounds the battery string 200, and the first packaging layer 230, the substrate 210 and the cover plate 220 enclose a closed area; the moisture detection layer 240, the moisture detection layer 240 being located within the enclosed area, detects and determines whether moisture is present within the enclosed area from the response information of the moisture detection layer 240.

In the present embodiment, the substrate 210 is a carrier plate, and the battery string 200 includes perovskite batteries. That is, the substrate 210 serves to support the battery string 200 without having a function of collecting electrons. The substrate 210 may be glass or transparent plastic.

The battery string 200 is a perovskite battery and includes a conductive glass 202 and a perovskite film layer 201, and the conductive glass 202 serves as an anode of the perovskite battery and is used for collecting electrons.

Referring to fig. 10 to 16, the battery string 200 and the substrate 210 have a second encapsulation layer 270 therebetween. The second encapsulation layer 270 between the battery string 200 and the substrate 210 can improve the tightness of encapsulation.

It is understood that the battery string 200 may be directly placed on the substrate 210; alternatively, the battery string 200 and the substrate 210 have a moisture detection layer and/or a second encapsulation layer therebetween.

The technical solutions regarding the specific location of the moisture detection layer 240 within the enclosed area mainly include the following specific examples:

for example, referring to fig. 10, the perovskite film layer 201 has a first side 206 away from the substrate 210 and a second side 209 facing the substrate 210, and the first side 206 includes a central region 208 and a peripheral region 207. The moisture-detecting layer 240 is attached to the side of the perovskite film layer 201, the first face 206 of the peripheral region 207, and the side of the conductive glass 202. Since the perovskite film layer 201 is disposed in close contact with the conductive glass 202, the moisture detection layer 240 is also formed on the side surface of the conductive glass 202, and the accuracy of moisture detection around the perovskite film layer 201 can be further improved.

Example two, referring to fig. 11, further comprising an isolation layer 260, the isolation layer 260 being located on the side of the perovskite film layer 201, the first face 206 of the peripheral region 207, and the side of the conductive glass 202; and the isolation layer 260 is located between the moisture detection layer 240 and the battery string 200.

In example three, referring to fig. 12, the moisture-detecting layer 240 is also located on the first face 206 of the central region 208 of the perovskite film layer 201.

In example four, referring to fig. 13, the moisture detection layer 240 is disposed around the second encapsulation film layer 270, the perovskite film layer 201, and the conductive glass 202, and a sealed area is defined between the moisture detection layer 240, the substrate 210, and the cover plate 220.

Referring to fig. 14, the moisture detection layer 240 is located at a corner interface area between the first encapsulation layer 230 and the cover plate 220 and the substrate 210.

Example six, referring to fig. 15, the moisture detection layer 240 is also located on the inner wall surface of the first encapsulation layer 230 facing the battery string 200.

Seventh, referring to fig. 16, the enclosed area has a plurality of moisture detecting layers 240 spaced apart, each moisture detecting layer 240 being a moisture detecting point, so that a specific location of moisture can be accurately located by a color change of the moisture detecting points at different locations.

Example eight, referring to fig. 17, a moisture detection layer 240 is positioned between the battery string 200 and the substrate 210 to locate moisture therein. It should be noted that, since light enters the cell string 200 from one side of the substrate 210, the moisture detection layer 240 between the substrate 210 and the cell string 200 should have a high light transmittance, so as to avoid reducing the light absorption rate of the cell string 200.

Example nine, referring to fig. 18, the moisture detection layer 240 fills the enclosed area, at which time the moisture detection layer 240 completely covers the battery string 200.

In summary, the substrate 210 of the photovoltaic module provided in this embodiment is a carrier, and a second encapsulation layer may be disposed between the carrier and the battery string 200 to improve the tightness of encapsulation; a moisture detection layer 210 may be disposed between the carrier plate and the cell string 200 to locate moisture therein, thereby prompting a worker to re-encapsulate the photovoltaic module.

A third embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic module, which is substantially the same as the photovoltaic modules provided in the first and second embodiments, and includes: base plate, apron, battery cluster, first encapsulated layer, second encapsulated layer and moisture detection layer, the main difference includes: the photovoltaic module provided by the embodiment comprises the functional layer. For the same or similar parts of the photovoltaic device provided in this embodiment as those provided in the first and second embodiments, please refer to the first and second embodiments, which are not repeated herein. Fig. 19 to 20 are schematic structural views of the photovoltaic module provided in this embodiment.

Referring to fig. 19 to fig. 20, in the embodiment, a substrate 310 with a conductive base is taken as an example, it can be understood that the substrate 310 may also be a carrier plate, and the embodiment does not limit the substrate.

The functional layer 380 is located within the enclosed area, and the functional layer 380 is adapted to absorb moisture located within the enclosed area and convert into a cured layer having a greater degree of crosslinking than the functional layer. If the first or second encapsulating layers 330, 370 have problems with poor encapsulation or material degradation, the functional layer 380 can absorb moisture and convert to a cured layer. That is, the functional layer 380 may secondarily encapsulate the battery string 300, so that it is possible to prevent the battery string 300 from being decomposed or failing in moisture.

The degree of crosslinking, also known as the crosslinking index or crosslinking density, can be used to characterize the degree of crosslinking of the molecular chain. Specifically, the crosslinking density refers to the fraction of the structural units that are crosslinked to the total structural units; the degree of crosslinking is in direct proportion to the crosslinking bonds: the larger the degree of crosslinking, the more the number of crosslinking bonds per unit volume and the higher the crosslinking density.

The material of the functional layer 380 includes a hydrolytically crosslinkable material. The hydrolyzable crosslinking material can absorb moisture entering the closed area, and after moisture absorption, crosslinking reaction occurs, so that the viscosity and compactness of the material are improved, and the secondary packaging effect is achieved.

The hydrolysable crosslinking material may be a silane-modified polyurethane or silicone. In addition, the hydrolyzable cross-linked material may be a hydrolyzable cross-linked material of a single component, or may be a hydrolyzable cross-linked material of a two component.

In other embodiments, the material of the functional layer may comprise, in addition to the hydrolytically cross-linked material, a material that has undergone hydrolytic cross-linking.

For silane modified polyurethane, prepolymer has amino silane end capping, and the reaction of the prepolymer and external moisture can generate a cross-linked network structure. In addition, the organic functional silane has multiple functions, and firstly, the silane is used as an adhesion promoter, so that the bonding effect can be improved; secondly, the silane can accelerate the reaction rate during crosslinking.

In the case of silicone, the main polymer chain is composed of Si-O-Si bonds, and does not contain a structure polymerized by heating, so that the silicone is not easily polymerized even at a high temperature; therefore, the silicone is not easily affected by temperature in the subsequent use process or the packaging process, and can keep good moisture absorption crosslinking performance.

It will be appreciated that the functional layer 380 may be formed from a different hydrolyzable cross-linked material, and that the reaction occurring within the functional layer 380 during the conversion into a cured layer may be different, for example, the functional layer 380 may undergo a hydrolysis reaction, a polycondensation reaction, a cross-linking reaction, an oligomerization reaction, or the like. For example, when the material of the functional layer 380 is silane-modified polyurethane, the functional layer 380 undergoes a crosslinking reaction, and the number of Si — O — Si bonds in the cured layer is greater than the number of Si — O — Si bonds in the functional layer 380. For example, in another example, the cured layer may also have a density that is greater than the density of the functional layer.

Further, it is noted that the functional layer 380 absorbs moisture in the enclosed area and converts into a cured layer, and may include: localized areas of the functional layer 380 absorb moisture and transform into a solidified layer; alternatively, all areas of the functional layer 380 are converted to a cured layer by moisture absorption.

The technical solutions regarding the specific location of the functional layer 380 within the enclosed area mainly include the following examples:

for example, referring to fig. 19, the moisture detection layer 340 is located on the inner wall of the first encapsulation layer 330 facing the battery string 300, the moisture detection layer 340, the cover plate 320 and the substrate 310 enclose a closed space, and the functional layer 380 fills the closed space.

For example two, referring to fig. 20, the functional layer 380 is located on the inner wall of the first encapsulation layer 330 facing the battery string 300, and the functional layer 380, the cover plate 320 and the substrate 310 enclose a closed space. The enclosed region is filled with a second encapsulation layer 370.

It is understood that the functional layer 380 may be located elsewhere within the enclosed area, and the location of the functional layer 380 is not limited by this embodiment.

In summary, the photovoltaic module provided by the present embodiment has the functional layer 380, and the functional layer 380 can absorb moisture in the enclosed area and convert into a cured layer after absorption, so as to block moisture from entering the cell string 300, thereby implementing secondary encapsulation; in addition, a moisture detection layer 340 is arranged in the closed area, and the moisture detection layer 340 can detect and locate the specific position of moisture so as to facilitate the photovoltaic module to be packaged again by workers.

A fourth embodiment of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module, and fig. 19 is a flowchart of the method for manufacturing a photovoltaic module provided in this embodiment.

Referring to fig. 21 and fig. 1 to 9 in combination, step S400: a substrate 110, a battery string 100 and a cover plate 120 are provided, and the battery string 100 is stacked on the substrate 110.

In this embodiment, the substrate 110 is a conductive substrate, the battery string 100 is a perovskite battery, and the battery string 100 is attached to the surface of the substrate 110.

In other embodiments, the substrate 110 may be a carrier plate, and the battery string 100 may be a perovskite battery including: conductive substrate and perovskite battery rete. The battery string may be attached to the substrate, or a moisture detection layer and/or a second encapsulation layer may be provided between the battery string and the substrate.

It is noted that the photovoltaic module is prepared in an inert gas atmosphere to prevent external moisture from damaging the cell string.

Step S401: a first encapsulation layer 130 is formed on the substrate 110 around the battery string 100, and a moisture detection layer 140 is formed on the substrate 110.

The height of the first encapsulation layer 130 is greater than the height of the battery string 100 to ensure that the battery string 100 is in a completely enclosed area after the cover plate 120 is subsequently covered.

In this embodiment, the moisture detection layer 140 is a color absorbing and discoloring layer, and in other embodiments, the moisture detection layer may be a moisture sensitive resistor or a moisture sensitive sensor.

It is understood that the formation sequence of the first encapsulation layer 130 and the moisture detection layer 140 is not fixed, and the formation sequence of the first encapsulation layer 130 and the moisture detection layer 140 needs to be adjusted according to the specific position where the moisture detection layer 140 is disposed.

The following examples are mainly included in the technical solutions for forming the first encapsulation layer 130 and the moisture detection layer 140.

For example, referring to fig. 1-4 and 7-9, the moisture detection layer 140 is formed prior to the first encapsulation layer 130.

The battery string 100 has first and second opposing faces 101 and 102, the first face 101 being distal from the substrate 110, the second face 102 being toward the substrate 110, and a side face 103 connecting the first and

second faces

101 and 102; the first face 101 includes a central region 105 and a peripheral region 104 surrounding the central region 105.

The solution of forming the moisture detection layer 140 before the first encapsulation layer 130 mainly includes the following specific examples.

In a first example, referring to FIG. 1, the step of forming the moisture detecting layer 140 includes: a moisture detecting layer 140 is formed on the side surface 103 and the first side 101 of the peripheral region 104. That is, the material of the moisture detecting layer 140 may be applied directly to the side surface 103 and the first side 101 of the peripheral region 104.

In a second example, referring to FIG. 2, before forming the moisture detecting layer 140, a spacer layer 160 may also be formed on the side surface 103 and the first surface 101 of the peripheral region 104. That is, the material of the isolation layer 160 may be coated on the side surface 103 and the first surface 101 of the peripheral region 104 to form the isolation layer 160, and then the material of the moisture detection layer 140 may be coated on the surface of the isolation layer 160.

In a third example, referring to fig. 3, a moisture detecting layer 140 may also be formed on the first side 101 of the central region 105; alternatively, the isolation layer 160 may be formed on the first side 101 of the central region 105 and the moisture detecting layer 140 may be formed on the isolation layer 160 of the central region 105.

With continued reference to fig. 1-3, after forming the moisture detecting layer 140, a layer of material of the first encapsulating layer 130 is applied around the battery string 100 on the substrate 110 to form the first encapsulating layer 130.

It is noted that before the first encapsulation layer 130 is formed, a second encapsulation layer 170 may also be formed on the substrate 110. Specifically, the second encapsulation layer 170 is disposed on the battery string 100, and the second encapsulation layer 170 is required to completely cover the battery string 100 and the moisture detection layer 140.

In a fourth example, referring to fig. 4, a second encapsulation layer 170 is formed on a first side of the battery string 100, and a moisture detection layer 140 is formed on the substrate 110 around the battery string 100 and the second encapsulation layer 170; a first encapsulation layer 130 is formed on the substrate 110 around the moisture detection layer 140.

In a fifth example, referring to fig. 7, a moisture detection layer 140 is thickly coated on the surface of the battery string 100, and the first encapsulation layer 130 is formed on the substrate 110 around the moisture detection layer 140, i.e., the moisture detection layer 140 fills the area surrounded by the first encapsulation layer 130.

In a sixth example, referring to fig. 8, a second encapsulation layer 170 is coated on the surface of the battery string 100, a moisture detection layer 140 is formed on the upper surface of the second encapsulation layer 170, and a first encapsulation layer 130 is formed on the substrate 110 around the second encapsulation layer 170 and the moisture detection layer 140.

In a seventh example, referring to fig. 9, after a discrete moisture detection layer 140 is disposed on the surface of the substrate 110 and the battery string 100, and the moisture detection layer 140 is formed, the first encapsulation layer 130 is formed on the substrate 110 around the second encapsulation layer 170 and the moisture detection layer 140.

Second, referring to fig. 5 and 6, the first encapsulation layer 130 is formed before the moisture detection layer 140.

In a first example, referring to fig. 5, a first encapsulation layer 130 is first formed on a substrate 110 around a battery string 100, and a portion of the inner wall surface of the first encapsulation layer 130 facing the battery string 100, i.e., only a portion of the inner wall interfacing with the substrate 110 and subsequently the inner wall interfacing with the cap plate 120, is coated, thereby forming a moisture detection layer 140.

In a second example, referring to fig. 6, a first encapsulation layer 130 is first formed on a substrate 110 around a battery string 100, and a moisture detection layer 140 is formed by applying the first encapsulation layer 130 toward the inner wall surface of the battery string 100.

It is understood that before the first encapsulation layer 130 is formed, a second encapsulation layer 170 may be further disposed on the substrate 110, and the second encapsulation layer 170 completely covers the battery string 100.

Step S402: the cover plate 110 is placed on the battery string 100, the cover plate 120, the substrate 110, and the first encapsulation layer 130 enclose an enclosed area, and the moisture detection layer 140 is located in the enclosed area.

Step S403: a lamination process is performed.

The lamination temperature does not exceed 150 c due to poor high temperature resistance of the perovskite.

It will be appreciated that the encapsulation temperature may be selected based on the specific materials of the first encapsulation layer 130, the second encapsulation layer 170, and the moisture detection layer 140.

In summary, in the present embodiment, the forming steps of the first encapsulant layer 130, the second encapsulant layer 170 and the moisture detection layer 140 may be adjusted according to the specific positions of the first encapsulant layer 130 and the moisture detection layer 140, so that the moisture detection layer 140 is located in the enclosed area surrounded by the first encapsulant layer 130, the cover plate 120 and the substrate 110, thereby ensuring that the moisture detection layer 140 can detect and locate moisture in the enclosed area.

It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples for carrying out the invention, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention in practice. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, comprising:

the battery pack comprises a substrate, a battery string and a cover plate which are sequentially stacked;

the first packaging layer is positioned between the substrate and the cover plate and is wound around the battery string, and the first packaging layer, the substrate and the cover plate enclose a closed area;

a moisture detection layer located within the enclosed area, the moisture detection layer responsive to information from the moisture detection layer to detect and determine the presence or absence of moisture within the enclosed area.

2. The photovoltaic module of claim 1 wherein the moisture-detecting layer is further adapted to locate a location within the enclosed area having moisture.

3. The photovoltaic module of claim 1 or 2, wherein the moisture detection layer is located at least between the first encapsulation layer and the cell string.

4. The photovoltaic module of claim 3, wherein the string of cells has first and second opposing faces and a side connecting the first and second faces, the first face being distal from the substrate and the second face being toward the substrate; the first face includes a central region and a peripheral region surrounding the central region, the moisture detection layer being located on the side face and on the first face of the peripheral region.

5. The photovoltaic module of claim 4 wherein said moisture-sensing layer is attached to said side surfaces and said first surface of said peripheral region.

6. The photovoltaic module of claim 4, further comprising: an isolation layer located at the side and the first face of the peripheral region, and the isolation layer is located between the moisture detection layer and the battery string.

7. The photovoltaic module of claim 4 wherein the moisture-detecting layer is also located on the first side of the central region.

8. The photovoltaic module of claim 1 or 2, wherein the moisture detection layer is disposed around the cell string, and the moisture detection layer, the substrate, and the cover sheet enclose an enclosed region.

9. The photovoltaic module of claim 1 or 2, wherein a corner interface region is provided between the first encapsulant layer and the substrate and between the first encapsulant layer and the cover sheet, and the moisture detection layer is at least located at the corner interface region.

10. The photovoltaic module of claim 9 wherein the moisture detection layer is further located on an inner wall surface of the first encapsulant layer facing the enclosed region.

11. The photovoltaic module of claim 1 or 2, wherein the moisture detection layer is located between the cell string and the cover sheet.

12. The photovoltaic module of claim 1 or 2, further comprising: a second encapsulation layer filling the enclosed region.

13. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the substrate is an electrically conductive substrate and the string of cells comprises perovskite cells.

14. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the substrate is a carrier sheet and the string of cells is perovskite cells.

15. The photovoltaic module of claim 14, wherein the moisture detection layer is positioned between the cell string and the substrate.

16. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the moisture-detecting layer comprises a hygroscopic discoloration layer, a moisture-sensitive resistor, or a moisture-sensitive sensor.

17. The photovoltaic module of claim 16 wherein the material of the hygroscopic discoloration layer comprises copper sulfate, cobalt chloride, methines or organic phenols.

18. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, further comprising a functional layer located within the enclosed region, the functional layer adapted to absorb moisture and convert to a cured layer, and the cured layer having a degree of crosslinking greater than a degree of crosslinking of the functional layer.

19. The photovoltaic module of claim 18 wherein the material of the functional layer comprises a hydrolytically crosslinkable material.

20. The photovoltaic module of claim 1, wherein the material of the first encapsulant layer comprises a moisture cured, photo cured material, or an additive cured material.