CN112461893B - Nondestructive testing device and method based on thermal imaging principle - Google Patents
Nondestructive testing device and method based on thermal imaging principle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a nondestructive testing device and a nondestructive testing method based on a thermal imaging principle, and the nondestructive testing device comprises a heating device, an infrared scanning device and an analyzing device, wherein the heating device comprises a heating cylinder body, an object placing table, a supporting heat transfer rod, a fixed heat transfer rod and a current sub-controller; the method comprises the following steps: s1: fixing a detection object; s2: detecting horizontal defects; s3: detecting longitudinal defects; s4: and (5) detecting object defects, positioning and analyzing. In a word, the invention has the advantages of perfect method, novel structure, good detection effect and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nondestructive testing, and particularly relates to a nondestructive testing device and a nondestructive testing method based on a thermal imaging principle.
Background
The infrared thermal imaging nondestructive detection technology is an emerging detection technology which is gradually widely applied in recent years. The infrared thermal imaging nondestructive detection technology can realize the detection of the defects of cracks and the like in metal, nonmetal and composite materials, and has the advantages of non-contact, large detection area, high speed, online detection and the like. As a non-contact nondestructive testing means, the method is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, machinery, medical treatment, petrochemical industry and the like. Conventional non-destructive inspection techniques such as: researches on ultrasonic flaw detection, ray flaw detection, magnetic powder and penetration flaw detection are well-established, but the conditions that the detection requirements cannot be met by high-altitude erection, underground erection and the like still exist, and the method has certain limitations.
The infrared thermal imaging nondestructive detection technology is innovative in that an infrared temperature measurement mode is used, a measured object is not contacted, a temperature field is not damaged, two-dimensional temperature field distribution of the object is intuitively and accurately reflected in a thermal image mode, and physical characteristics under the surface of the material are reflected through surface temperature change. In recent years, the rapid development of infrared nondestructive detection technology has become a supplement and a substitute for the traditional detection methods such as laser, ultrasonic and the like, and the technology can be combined with other detection methods to improve the accuracy and reliability of detection. Compared with the traditional detection mode, the technology has the following characteristics: (1) The application range is wide, and metal and non-metal materials can be detected; (2) Visibility of the measurement result, which can be displayed by an image; (3) non-contact measurement can not cause pollution to objects; (4) The detection area is wide, and the large-scale equipment can be integrally observed; (5) The detection equipment is convenient to carry and is suitable for on-site on-line detection; and (6) the detection speed is high.
However, in the prior art, generally, in the infrared thermal imaging nondestructive testing technology, an object to be tested is placed on a heating platform to heat the object to be tested, and then infrared thermal imaging scanning is performed, but the overall heating affects the diffusion of heat in the object to be tested, so that the invention designs a nondestructive testing device and a nondestructive testing method based on a thermal imaging principle.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the existing problems, the invention provides a nondestructive testing device and a nondestructive testing method based on the thermal imaging principle.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a nondestructive testing device based on the thermal imaging principle mainly comprises a heating device, an infrared scanning device and an analysis device,
the heating device comprises a heating cylinder body, an object placing table, a supporting heat transfer rod, a fixed heat transfer rod and a current sub-controller,
the heating cylinder is a cylindrical cylinder with an opening at the upper end and a hollow interior, the heating cylinder comprises a base and a side part, the base and the side part are fixedly connected in an integrated manner, a plurality of telescopic grooves are arranged in the side part in a surrounding manner,
the object placing table is fixedly arranged at the central position of the base and comprises a cylindrical table body and round lifting grooves which are respectively vertically arranged in the table body,
the supporting heat transfer rods are fixedly arranged on the base outside the object placing table and inside the lifting groove in a circular matrix, the fixed heat transfer rods are fixedly arranged inside the telescopic groove at the side part at equal intervals,
the current sub-controller is arranged in the base, is respectively connected with the first heating wire and the second heating wire and is used for respectively controlling the heating temperature of the elastic heat transfer head and the fixed heat transfer head,
the infrared scanning device comprises a lifting shaft, an infrared scanning head, a converter, a sealing cover and a corrugated pipe, wherein the lifting shaft is fixedly arranged on a ceiling above the heating device and used for descending the infrared scanning head into the heating device to carry out infrared thermal imaging scanning, the infrared scanning head is arranged at the bottom end of the lifting shaft, the converter is arranged on the ceiling at the side part of the lifting shaft and used for converting thermal signal data acquired by the infrared scanning head into image information and transmitting the image information to the analysis device, the sealing cover is arranged at the outer side of the infrared scanning head and used for sealing an opening of the heating cylinder during infrared scanning, and the sealing cover is connected to the outer side of the lifting shaft through the corrugated pipe,
the analysis device comprises an image processor for receiving and processing the image information transmitted by the converter and a display for displaying the processed image,
furthermore, support the heat transfer pole including can electric lift support the telescopic link, set up support the telescopic link top the elasticity heat transfer head and set up support the telescopic link inside with the heating wire that the elasticity heat transfer head is connected is equipped with pressure sensor, support the heat transfer pole can be in the different contact points in detected object bottom to detected object transmission heat, make the heat can be inside being fan-shaped diffusion by the detected object.
Furthermore, the fixed heat transfer rod comprises a fixed telescopic rod capable of electrically stretching, a fixed heat transfer head arranged at the far end of the fixed telescopic rod and a heating wire II arranged inside the fixed telescopic rod and connected with the fixed heat transfer head, a resistance sensor is arranged at the joint of the fixed heat transfer head and the far end of the fixed telescopic rod, and the fixed heat transfer rod can transfer heat to the detected object at different contact points on the side of the detected object.
The method for detecting by using the device comprises the following steps:
s1: detecting object fixation
The method comprises the following steps that an object to be detected is horizontally placed on a placing table of a heating device, a supporting heat transfer rod on a base and a supporting heat transfer rod in the placing table ascend uniformly, the supporting heat transfer rod supports the object to be detected, then a fixed heat transfer rod is controlled to extend out of a heating cylinder of the heating device, a fixed heat transfer head of the fixed heat transfer rod stops when contacting the side portion of the object to be detected, and the supporting heat transfer rod and the fixed heat transfer rod fix the object to be detected in the heating cylinder of the heating device;
s2: horizontal defect detection
Covering a closed cover of an infrared scanning device at an opening of a heating cylinder, adjusting an infrared scanning head to be above an object to be detected, sequentially and respectively introducing current to a heating wire I in a supporting heat transfer rod supporting the object to be detected through a current divider, transferring heat to the object to be detected at different contact points at the bottom of the object to be detected, uniformly diffusing the heat to the top of the object to be detected in a fan shape, blocking the heat at a defect position when the horizontal plane of the object to be detected has the defect, and enabling the defect position corresponding to an infrared thermal imaging image obtained by scanning of the infrared scanning head to have a defect area different from surrounding images;
s3: longitudinal defect detection
When the longitudinal surface of the detected object has a defect, the heat can be blocked at the defect, and a defect area different from a surrounding image can appear at the corresponding defect of an infrared thermal imaging image obtained by scanning of an infrared scanning head;
s4: positioning analysis for detecting object defect
All thermal signal data obtained by scanning of the infrared scanning head are converted into image information through a converter and transmitted to an analysis device, and the analysis device integrates and processes the image information to obtain a 3D scanning image of the whole detected object and displays the 3D scanning image on a display.
Further, in S1, the detected object is horizontally placed on the object placing table of the heating device, the detected object is measured, heating temperatures of the supporting heat transfer rod and the fixing heat transfer rod in the heating device are set according to the measured size, the heating temperature of the supporting heat transfer rod is set according to the thickness of the detected object, the heating temperature of the fixing heat transfer rod is set according to the cross section area of the detected object, and the situation that the defect cannot be found due to the fact that the heating temperature is insufficient, so that heat cannot be diffused into the detected object or the heating temperature is too high, and the heat at the defect position of the detected object is covered by the surrounding heat is avoided.
Further, in S1, the support heat transfer rod that is not in contact with the detected object and that descends to the original height does not transfer heat to the detected object, thereby avoiding energy waste.
Further, in S1, the fixed heat transfer rod not contacting the detected object retracts to the original position, and the fixed heat transfer rod retracted to the original position does not transfer heat to the detected object, thereby avoiding energy waste.
Further, in S2, the detected object is preliminarily scanned by the infrared scanning head before being heated, so that a preliminary heat distribution map of the detected object is obtained, and the detected object is prevented from being accumulated by heat before being heated to influence a detection result.
Further, in S3, before the longitudinal defect detection is performed on the detected object, the detected object is cooled to room temperature, which also avoids the influence of the heat remaining in the detected object on the detection result.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: the invention provides a nondestructive testing device and a testing method based on a thermal imaging principle, which are particularly suitable for detecting defects of irregular objects. In a word, the invention has the advantages of perfect method, novel structure, good detection effect and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the object placing table according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the support heat transfer rod of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the fixed heat transfer rod of the present invention.
The device comprises a heating device 1, a heating barrel 11, an opening 111, a base 112, a side 113, a telescopic groove 1131, an object placing table 12, a table body 121, a lifting groove 122, a supporting heat transfer rod 13, a supporting telescopic rod 131, an elastic heat transfer head 132, an electric heating wire I133, a pressure sensor 134, a fixed heat transfer rod 14, a fixed telescopic rod 141, a fixed heat transfer head 142, an electric heating wire II 143, a resistance sensor 144, a current divider controller 15, an infrared scanning device 2, a lifting shaft 21, an infrared scanning head 22, a converter 23, a closed cover 24, a corrugated pipe 25, an analysis device 3, an image processor 31 and a display 32.
Detailed Description
For the understanding of the technical solution of the present invention, the following description is further illustrated with reference to fig. 1 to 4 and the specific embodiments, which are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, a nondestructive testing device based on the thermal imaging principle mainly comprises a heating device 1, an infrared scanning device 2 and an analysis device 3,
the heating device 1 comprises a heating cylinder 11, a placing table 12, a supporting heat transfer rod 13, a fixed heat transfer rod 14 and a current sub-controller 15,
the heating cylinder 11 is a cylindrical cylinder with an opening 111 at the upper end and a hollow interior, the heating cylinder 11 comprises a base 112 and a side part 113, the base 112 and the side part 113 are integrally and fixedly connected, a plurality of telescopic grooves 1131 are arranged in the side part 113 in a surrounding manner,
as shown in fig. 2, the object placing table 12 is fixedly arranged at the central position of the base 112, the object placing table 12 comprises a cylindrical table body 121 and circular lifting grooves 122 respectively vertically arranged in the table body 121,
as shown in fig. 3, the supporting heat transfer rods 13 are fixedly arranged on the base 112 outside the object placing table 12 and inside the lifting groove 122 in a circular matrix, the supporting heat transfer rods 13 comprise supporting telescopic rods 131 capable of being lifted electrically, elastic heat transfer heads 132 arranged at the top ends of the supporting telescopic rods 131, and heating wires 133 arranged inside the supporting telescopic rods 131 and connected with the elastic heat transfer heads 132, pressure sensors 134 are arranged at the joints of the elastic sensing heads 132 and the upper ends of the supporting telescopic rods 131,
as shown in fig. 4, the fixed heat transfer rod 14 is fixed in the telescopic slot 1131 of the side portion 113 at equal intervals, the fixed heat transfer rod 14 includes a fixed telescopic rod 141 capable of electrically extending and retracting, a fixed heat transfer head 142 arranged at the distal end of the fixed telescopic rod 141, and a second heating wire 143 arranged in the fixed telescopic rod 141 and connected to the fixed heat transfer head 142, a resistance sensor 144 is arranged at the connection between the fixed heat transfer head 142 and the distal end of the fixed telescopic rod 141,
the current sub-controller 15 is disposed inside the base 112, the current sub-controller 15 is respectively connected to the first heating wire 133 and the second heating wire 143 for respectively controlling the heating temperatures of the elastic heat transfer head 132 and the fixed heat transfer head 142,
the infrared scanning device 2 comprises a lifting shaft 21, an infrared scanning head 22, a converter 23, a closed cover 24 and a corrugated pipe 25, wherein the lifting shaft 21 is fixedly installed on a ceiling above the heating device 1 and used for lowering the infrared scanning head 22 into the heating device 1 to perform infrared thermal imaging scanning, the infrared scanning head 22 is arranged at the bottom end of the lifting shaft 21, the converter 23 is installed on the ceiling at the side part of the lifting shaft 21 and used for converting thermal signal data acquired by the infrared scanning head 22 into image information and transmitting the image information to the analysis device 3, the closed cover 24 is arranged at the outer side of the infrared scanning head 22 and used for closing an opening 111 of the heating cylinder 11 during infrared scanning, the closed cover 24 is connected to the outer side of the lifting shaft 21 through the corrugated pipe 25,
the analysis means 3 comprise an image processor 31 for receiving and processing the image information transmitted by the converter 23 and a display 32 for displaying the processed image,
the supporting telescopic rod 131 is a JN185 electric telescopic rod, the elastic heat transfer head 132 is a GLL-type heat transfer supporting head with a spring arranged inside, the first and second heating wires are 0Cr21Al6 iron chromium aluminum heating wires, the pressure sensor 134 is a TXU diffused silicon pressure sensor, the fixed telescopic rod 141 is an SDF-123 hydraulic telescopic rod, the fixed heat transfer head 142 is an aluminum heat conducting head, the resistance sensor 144 is an NZS-110-ALT resistance sensor, the current divider 15 is an NKR90 multi-path current controller, the lifting shaft 21 is a ZX635 electric lifting shaft, the infrared scanning head 22 is an E1RH infrared thermometer, the converter 23 is an AD7524JR analog-to-digital converter, the image processor 31 is an EPX-3500HD high-definition electronic image processor, and the display 32 is a 65BDL3050Q display.
Example 2: the method for nondestructive testing using the apparatus provided in example 1, comprising the steps of:
s1: detecting object fixation
Measuring an object to be detected, setting respective heating temperatures of a supporting heat transfer rod 13 and a fixed heat transfer rod 14 in a heating device 1 according to the measurement size, horizontally placing the object to be detected on an object placing table 12 of the heating device 1, uniformly raising the supporting heat transfer rod 13 on a base 112 and the supporting heat transfer rods 13 in the object placing table 12, lowering the supporting heat transfer rod 13, which is not in contact with the object to be detected, to an original height, not transferring heat to the object to be detected, raising the object to be detected by the rest of the supporting heat transfer rods 13, controlling the fixed heat transfer rod 14 to extend out of a heating cylinder 11 of the heating device 1, stopping a fixed head 142 of the fixed heat transfer rod 14 when contacting the side portion of the object to be detected, retracting the fixed heat transfer rod 14, which is not in contact with the object to be detected, to an original position, not transferring heat to the object to be detected by the fixed heat transfer rod 14, and fixing the object to be detected inside the heating cylinder 11 of the heating device 1 by the supporting heat transfer rod 13 and the fixed heat transfer rod 14;
s2: horizontal defect detection
Covering a closed cover 24 of an infrared scanning device 2 at an opening 111 of a heating cylinder 11, adjusting an infrared scanning head 22 to be above a detected object, firstly, primarily scanning the detected object through the infrared scanning head 22 to obtain a primary heat distribution diagram of the detected object, sequentially and respectively leading current to a heating wire 133 in a supporting heat transfer rod 13 for supporting the detected object through a current divider 15, transferring heat to the detected object at different contact points at the bottom of the detected object, uniformly diffusing the heat to the top of the detected object in a fan shape, blocking the heat at a defect position when the horizontal plane of the detected object has a defect, and enabling the defect position of an infrared thermal imaging image scanned by the infrared scanning head 22 to have a defect area different from surrounding images;
s3: longitudinal defect detection
Cooling the detected object to room temperature, sequentially introducing current to the second heating wires 143 in the fixed support rod 14 through the current divider 15, transferring heat to the detected object at different contact points on the side of the detected object, wherein the heat is uniformly diffused to the center of the detected object in a fan shape, when the longitudinal surface of the detected object has a defect, the heat is blocked at the defect, and a defect area different from a surrounding image appears at the corresponding defect position of an infrared thermal imaging image obtained by scanning with the infrared scanning head 22;
s4: positioning analysis for detecting object defect
All the thermal signal data obtained by scanning with the infrared scanning head 22 are converted into image information by the converter 23 and transmitted to the analysis device 3, and the analysis device 3 integrates and processes the image information to obtain a 3D scanning image of the whole object to be detected and displays the 3D scanning image on the display 32.
Experimental example: investigation example 1 detection accuracy of the device provided
An experimental instrument: the nondestructive testing apparatus provided in example 1, and a commercially available industrial nondestructive testing apparatus.
Subject: an irregular metal block known to have a plurality of defects therein.
The experimental conditions are as follows: the metal block was inspected by the nondestructive inspection apparatus provided in example 1 and a commercially available industrial nondestructive inspection apparatus, and the nondestructive inspection apparatus provided in example 1 was operated by the inspection method provided in example 2.
The experimental results are as follows: as shown in the table 1 below, the following examples,
TABLE 1 Damage detection table for defects in metal blocks
And (4) experimental conclusion: the device and the method provided by the embodiment have higher efficiency of detecting the defect damage in the detected object than that of a commercial industrial detection device, can detect both horizontal defect damage and longitudinal defect damage in the detected object, and are obviously superior to the existing industrial nondestructive detection device.
Claims (6)
1. A nondestructive testing device based on a thermal imaging principle is characterized by mainly comprising a heating device (1), an infrared scanning device (2) and an analysis device (3),
the heating device (1) comprises a heating cylinder body (11), an object placing table (12), a supporting heat transfer rod (13), a fixed heat transfer rod (14) and a current sub-controller (15),
the heating cylinder body (11) is a cylindrical cylinder body which is provided with an opening (111) at the upper end and is hollow inside, the heating cylinder body (11) comprises a base (112) and a side part (113), the base (112) and the side part (113) are fixedly connected in an integrated manner, a plurality of telescopic grooves (1131) are arranged in the side part (113) in a surrounding manner,
the object placing table (12) is fixedly arranged at the central position of the base (112), the object placing table (12) comprises a cylindrical table body (121) and circular lifting grooves (122) which are respectively vertically arranged in the table body (121),
the supporting heat transfer rods (13) are fixedly arranged on the base (112) at the outer side of the object placing table (12) in a circular matrix manner and inside the lifting groove (122), the fixed heat transfer rods (14) are fixedly arranged inside the telescopic groove (1131) of the side part (113) at equal intervals,
the current sub-controller (15) is arranged in the base (112), the current sub-controller (15) is respectively connected with the first heating wire (133) and the second heating wire (143) and is used for respectively controlling the heating temperature of the elastic heat transfer head (132) and the fixed heat transfer head (142),
the infrared scanning device (2) comprises a lifting shaft (21), an infrared scanning head (22), a converter (23), a sealing cover (24) and a corrugated pipe (25), wherein the lifting shaft (21) is fixedly installed on a ceiling above the heating device (1) and used for descending the infrared scanning head (22) into the heating device (1) to perform infrared thermal imaging scanning, the infrared scanning head (22) is arranged at the bottom end of the lifting shaft (21), the converter (23) is installed on the ceiling at the side part of the lifting shaft (21) and used for converting thermal signal data acquired by the infrared scanning head (22) into image information and transmitting the image information to the analysis device (3), the sealing cover (24) is arranged at the outer side of the infrared scanning head (22) and used for sealing an opening (111) of the heating cylinder body (11) during infrared scanning, and the sealing cover (24) is connected to the outer side of the lifting shaft (21) through the corrugated pipe (25),
the analysis device (3) comprises an image processor (31) for receiving and processing the image information transmitted by the converter (23) and a display (32) for displaying the processed image;
the supporting heat transfer rod (13) comprises a supporting telescopic rod (131) capable of being lifted electrically, an elastic heat transfer head (132) arranged at the top end of the supporting telescopic rod (131) and a first electric heating wire (133) arranged inside the supporting telescopic rod (131) and connected with the elastic heat transfer head (132), and a pressure sensor (134) is arranged at the connection part of the elastic heat transfer head (132) and the upper end of the supporting telescopic rod (131);
the fixed heat transfer rod (14) comprises a fixed telescopic rod (141) capable of being electrically stretched, a fixed heat transfer head (142) arranged at the far end of the fixed telescopic rod (141) and a second electric heating wire (143) arranged inside the fixed telescopic rod (141) and connected with the fixed heat transfer head (142), and a resistance sensor (144) is arranged at the connection position of the fixed heat transfer head (142) and the far end of the fixed telescopic rod (141).
2. A nondestructive testing method based on the thermal imaging principle, which is performed by using the apparatus of claim 1, and comprises the following steps:
s1: detecting object fixation
The method comprises the following steps that an object to be detected is horizontally placed on an object placing table (12) of a heating device (1), a supporting heat transfer rod (13) on a base (112) and the supporting heat transfer rod (13) inside the object placing table (12) ascend uniformly, the supporting heat transfer rod (13) lifts the object to be detected, then a fixed heat transfer rod (14) is controlled to extend out of a heating cylinder (11) of the heating device (1), a fixed heat transfer head (142) of the fixed heat transfer rod (14) stops when contacting the side portion of the object to be detected, and the supporting heat transfer rod (13) and the fixed heat transfer rod (14) fix the object to be detected inside the heating cylinder (11) of the heating device (1);
s2: horizontal defect detection
Covering a closed cover (24) of an infrared scanning device (2) at an opening (111) of a heating cylinder body (11), adjusting an infrared scanning head (22) to be above a detected object, sequentially and respectively introducing current to a first heating wire (133) in a supporting heat transfer rod (13) for supporting the detected object through a current sub-controller (15), transferring heat to the detected object at different contact points at the bottom of the detected object, wherein the heat is uniformly diffused to the top of the detected object in a fan shape, when a horizontal plane of the detected object has a defect, the heat can be blocked at the defect, and a defect area different from a surrounding image can appear at a corresponding defect position of an infrared thermal imaging image scanned by the infrared scanning head (22);
s3: longitudinal defect detection
Current is sequentially introduced into a second heating wire (143) in the fixed heat transfer rod (14) through a current divider (15), heat is transferred to the detected object at different contact points on the side of the detected object, the heat is uniformly diffused to the center of the detected object in a fan shape, when the longitudinal surface of the detected object has defects, the heat is blocked at the defect position, and a defect area different from surrounding images appears at the corresponding defect position of an infrared thermal imaging image scanned by the infrared scanning head (22);
s4: positioning analysis for detecting object defect
All thermal signal data obtained by scanning of the infrared scanning head (22) are converted into image information through a converter (23) and transmitted to the analysis device (3), and the analysis device (3) integrates and processes the image information to obtain a 3D scanning image of the whole detected object and displays the 3D scanning image on a display (32).
3. The nondestructive testing method based on the thermal imaging principle as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step S1, the support heat transfer bar (13) which is not in contact with the object to be tested is lowered to the original height, and the support heat transfer bar (13) which is lowered to the original height does not transfer heat to the object to be tested.
4. The nondestructive testing method based on the thermal imaging principle as claimed in claim 2, wherein in S1, the fixed heat transfer bar (14) not contacting the object to be tested is retracted to the original position, and the fixed heat transfer bar (14) retracted to the original position does not transfer heat to the object to be tested.
5. The nondestructive testing method based on the thermal imaging principle as claimed in claim 2, wherein in step S2, the object to be tested is preliminarily scanned by the infrared scanning head (22) before being heated, so as to obtain a preliminary thermal distribution map of the object to be tested.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein in step S3, the inspected object is cooled to room temperature before longitudinal defect inspection.
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