CN112461266A - 一种金刚石陀螺谐振子纳米制造装备 - Google Patents

一种金刚石陀螺谐振子纳米制造装备 Download PDF

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CN112461266A
CN112461266A CN202011316752.0A CN202011316752A CN112461266A CN 112461266 A CN112461266 A CN 112461266A CN 202011316752 A CN202011316752 A CN 202011316752A CN 112461266 A CN112461266 A CN 112461266A
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张振宇
刘冬冬
李玉彪
冯坚强
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    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01CMEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/062Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
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    • B82YSPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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Abstract

本发明属于难加工材料超精密加工领域,提供一种金刚石陀螺谐振子纳米制造装备。激光装置的激光脉冲频率在1‑500kHz可调,脉冲宽度在5‑300ps可调,激光斑点直径在5‑40μm可调,功率在0‑100W可调,可同时实现粗加工和精加工;纳米移动平台装置,能够实现X,Y,Z三坐标轴的移动和绕Z轴的转动,移动精度小于10nm,转动精度小于0.02°;原位在线检测装置利用激光干涉仪对加工质量进行原位检测;镀膜装置采用离子镀;聚焦离子束装置,加速电压在2‑30kV可调,电流在20pA‑50nA可调;本发明提供一种金刚石超硬材料复杂结构的纳米制造装备,实现金刚石陀螺谐振子纳米级精度制造。

Description

一种金刚石陀螺谐振子纳米制造装备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种金刚石陀螺谐振子纳米制造装备,涉及超硬材料纳米制造领域,属于难加工材料超精密加工领域。
背景技术
惯导陀螺为非GPS导航,不受天气、电磁干扰影响,广泛应用于航空、航天、军工、国防等领域。惯导陀螺最主要的零部件为谐振子,其结构非常复杂,而且要求具有较高的对称度、平行度、垂直度和较低的表面粗糙度,由于硅刻蚀工艺相对比较成熟,所以陀螺谐振子主要是硅材料。但是,由于硅不能在高载荷等苛刻条件下稳定使用,所以其应用领域十分有限。随着我国国防、航空、航天等重大工程的发展,对高性能装备的要求也越来越高,要求高性能装备的高性能零件在高温、高压、高频、高功率等极端苛刻条件下能够长期稳定的工作。金刚石由于其高硬度、高断裂强度等优异的物理性质,有望取代硅成为复杂苛刻条件下使用的惯导陀螺材料。我国是人造金刚石的生产大国,年产量稳居世界第一,每年超过90%的人造金刚石产自中国。目前,我国金刚石材料制备技术已经处于国际先进水平,能够生产出超大单晶金刚石,其质量接近天然金刚石,有望成为陀螺谐振子的理想材料。
但是,金刚石由于硬度高、耐磨性好、化学性质稳定,传统的加工方法很难对其进行加工。目前发展的加工金刚石的方法有机械研磨法、化学机械抛光、热化学抛光,但这些方法往往用来加工平面,而激光加工法虽然能够加工沟槽,但是其加工质量较差,加工质量直接决定了金刚石高性能器件的性能,从而影响整个高性能装备的服役性能。因此,开发一种金刚石陀螺谐振子纳米制造装备,实现对金刚石进行纳米精度制造,对于我国机械加工技术的提高以及国防、航空、航空等领域的重大装备性能的提高具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明提供一种金刚石陀螺谐振子纳米制造装备,该装备包括激光装置、纳米移动平台装置、原位在线检测装置、镀膜装置以及聚焦离子束装置,能够对金刚石陀螺谐振子进行纳米精度制造,使对称度、平行度、垂直度小于100nm。本发明提供一种金刚石超硬材料复杂结构的纳米制造装备,实现金刚石陀螺谐振子纳米级精度制造。
本发明的技术方案:
(1)一种金刚石陀螺谐振子纳米制造装备,该装备包括激光装置、纳米移动平台装置、原位在线检测装置、镀膜装置以及聚焦离子束装置,能够对金刚石陀螺谐振子进行纳米精度制造。激光装置的激光脉冲频率在1-500kHz可调,脉冲宽度在5-300ps可调,激光斑点直径在5-40μm可调,功率在0-100W可调,可同时实现粗加工和精加工;纳米移动平台装置,能够实现X,Y,Z三坐标轴的移动和绕Z轴的转动,移动精度小于10nm,转动精度小于0.02°;原位在线检测装置利用激光干涉仪对加工质量进行原位检测;镀膜装置采用离子镀;聚焦离子束装置,加速电压在2-30kV可调,电流在20pA-50nA可调;本发明提供一种金刚石超硬材料复杂结构的纳米制造装备,实现金刚石陀螺谐振子纳米级精度制造。
(1)激光装置,激光脉冲频率在1-500kHz可调,脉冲宽度在5-300ps可调,激光斑点直径在5-40μm可调,功率在0-100W可调,可同时实现粗加工和精加工;皮秒激光,由于其脉冲宽度小,单个脉冲能量高,所以在样品同一区域持续加工时间少,可以减小热效应的影响,适合加工高硬度、高熔点的材料,所以选取皮秒激光对金刚石进行加工。采用大功率可对金刚石进行粗加工,采用小功率可对金刚石进行精加工。
(2)纳米移动平台装置,能够实现X,Y,Z三坐标轴的移动和绕Z轴的转动,移动精度小于10nm,转动精度小于0.02°;利用纳米移动平台对样品进行移动和转动,从而加工出高对称性复杂结构。
(3)原位在线检测装置,利用激光干涉仪对加工质量进行原位检测;激光干涉仪是公认的高精度、高灵敏度的测量仪器,可实现线性测长、角度、直线度、垂直度、平行度、平面度等几何参量的高精度测量,在高端制造领域应用十分广泛。
(4)镀膜装置,采用离子镀膜仪;离子镀具有薄膜附着力强,绕射性好,膜材广泛等优点,并且等离子体从阴极直接产生,不用熔池,阴极靶可根据工件形状在任意方向布置,使夹具大为简化。
(5)聚焦离子束装置,加速电压在2-30kV可调,电流在20pA-50nA可调;利用高电压和高电流对金刚石进行粗修,利用低电压和低电流金刚石进行精修,去除加工过程中产生的非晶层和晶体损伤层。
本发明的效果和益处是集中了可调激光束、纳米移动平台、原位在线检测装置、镀膜装置以及聚焦离子束装置,对金刚石进行粗加工、精加工以及超精加工,实现对金刚石陀螺谐振子纳米精度制造。
具体实施方式
以下结合技术方案,进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例
开发一套金刚石陀螺谐振子纳米制造装备,该装备包括激光装置、纳米移动平台装置、原位在线检测装置、镀膜装置以及聚焦离子束装置。激光装置的激光脉冲频率在1-300kHz可调,脉冲宽度在10-150ps可调,激光斑点直径在10-40μm可调,功率在0-100W可调,可同时实现粗加工和精加工;纳米移动平台装置,能够实现X,Y,Z三坐标轴的移动和绕Z轴的转动,移动精度为5nm,转动精度为0.02°;原位在线检测装置利用双频激光干涉仪对加工质量进行原位检测,激光稳频精度为±0.03ppm,测量精度为±0.4ppm,线性测量分辨率为1nm,角度测量分辨率为0.01″;镀膜装置采用离子镀膜仪;聚焦离子束装置,加速电压在2-30kV可调,电流在20pA-50nA可调,利用30kV,20nA聚焦离子束对金刚石进行粗修,利用5kV,20pA聚焦离子束对金刚石进行精修,去除加工过程中产生的非晶层和晶体损伤层。

Claims (1)

1.一种金刚石陀螺谐振子纳米制造装备,该装备包括激光装置、纳米移动平台装置、原位在线检测装置、镀膜装置以及聚焦离子束装置,对金刚石陀螺谐振子进行纳米精度制造,使对称度、平行度、垂直度小于100nm,其特征在于:
(1)激光装置,激光脉冲频率在1-500kHz可调,脉冲宽度在5-300ps可调,激光斑点直径在5-40μm可调,功率在0-100W可调,同时实现粗加工和精加工;激光束为皮秒激光,脉冲宽度为100-300ps;
(2)纳米移动平台装置,实现X,Y,Z三坐标轴的移动和绕Z轴的转动,移动精度小于10nm,转动精度小于0.02°;
(3)原位在线检测装置,利用激光干涉仪对加工质量进行原位检测;
(4)镀膜装置,采用离子镀膜仪;
(5)聚焦离子束装置,加速电压在2-30kV可调,电流在20pA-50nA可调。
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