CN112461170A - Digitalized detection method and device for geometric accuracy of machine tool - Google Patents

Digitalized detection method and device for geometric accuracy of machine tool Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112461170A
CN112461170A CN201910848917.XA CN201910848917A CN112461170A CN 112461170 A CN112461170 A CN 112461170A CN 201910848917 A CN201910848917 A CN 201910848917A CN 112461170 A CN112461170 A CN 112461170A
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machine tool
detection
data
detected
displacement sensor
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Chinese (zh)
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徐彪
孙艺华
宋春宇
陶涌泉
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LANGFANG JINGDIAO MACHINE TOOL MANUFACTURING CO LTD
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LANGFANG JINGDIAO MACHINE TOOL MANUFACTURING CO LTD
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Priority to CN201910848917.XA priority Critical patent/CN112461170A/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a digitalized detection method and device for geometric accuracy of a machine tool. The geometric precision of the machine tool to be detected is indirectly obtained by arranging the standard ruler on the machine tool to be detected and measuring and calculating the geometric precision of the standard ruler by using the detection device. The standard ruler is arranged on a workbench of the machine tool to be detected; the displacement sensor is arranged on the Z axis of the machine tool to be detected, and under the action of the control processing unit, a detection head of the displacement sensor moves on the surface of the standard ruler to acquire displacement information of a collection point; the data acquisition card is respectively connected with the displacement sensor and the control processing unit, acquires detection data from the displacement sensor and feeds the detection data back to the control processing unit. The invention realizes the automatic measurement and calculation analysis of the geometric accuracy of the machine tool, has simple operation and high efficiency, eliminates the influence of human factors, and has large data acquisition range, strong flexibility and accurate and reliable detection result; the detection report can be automatically generated, and the archiving and digital management are convenient.

Description

Digitalized detection method and device for geometric accuracy of machine tool
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of machine tool detection, in particular to a digitalized detection method and a digitalized detection device for geometric accuracy of a machine tool.
Background
The geometric accuracy is the basis of the machine tool accuracy, and only the machine tool with good geometric accuracy can realize good performance and high accuracy, so that each geometric accuracy of the machine tool needs to be strictly detected in the manufacturing process of the machine tool, and the accuracy of a detection result is ensured. At present, a mechanical dial indicator is mostly adopted for measuring manual records in a detection method of the geometric accuracy of a machine tool, manual repeated adjustment and recording are needed in the detection process, the requirement on the skill level of an operator is high, the detection process is complex, and the efficiency is low; in addition, the detection data is also processed manually, and is influenced by a data analysis processing method, so that the consistency and the accuracy of the detection result are difficult to ensure, and the measurement data cannot quickly form an intuitive graphical report, so that the digital management is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide the digital detection method and the digital detection device for the geometric accuracy of the machine tool, which have the advantages of simple operation, high detection efficiency, accurate and reliable detection result and no need of manual analysis and processing.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: on the one hand, the digitalized detection method for the geometric accuracy of the machine tool indirectly obtains the geometric accuracy of the machine tool to be detected by arranging a standard ruler on the machine tool to be detected and measuring and calculating the geometric accuracy of the standard ruler by using a detection device, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. according to the measured geometric precision, placing a standard ruler of a corresponding type on a machine tool to be inspected;
B. connecting the detection device with the machine tool to be detected, and setting motion parameters of the machine tool to be detected, including but not limited to a motion stroke, a limit stroke, a lead screw pitch, optical code counting and a return-to-original-point direction, so that the detection device and the machine tool to be detected are controlled in an integrated manner;
C. setting detection parameters including but not limited to detection travel, data acquisition mode, acquisition frequency, acquisition point number and movement speed;
D. executing an automatic detection program, enabling the machine tool to be detected to move along a linear axis, and acquiring three-dimensional coordinate data of each acquisition point by a detection device to serve as detection data;
E. the detection device automatically analyzes and processes the detection data to obtain corresponding geometric accuracy and generate a detection report.
Preferably, in the step D, the three-dimensional coordinate data is acquired through a data acquisition card and a displacement sensor, the displacement sensor moves along a linear axis along with the Z axis of the machine tool to be detected, linear measurement data is acquired by contacting the surface of the standard ruler, and the data acquisition card acquires two-dimensional coordinate data of an acquisition point and third-dimensional coordinate data fed back by the displacement sensor according to an acquisition instruction, so as to form the three-dimensional coordinate data of the acquisition point.
Preferably, in the above method for digitally detecting geometric accuracy of a machine tool, the step E includes:
E1. fitting the linear axis data, and solving the standard axis of the measured linear axis;
E2. calculating the distance between each acquisition point of the measured linear axis and the standard axis, and determining the difference between the calculated maximum value and the minimum value as the measured geometric accuracy;
E3. and generating a geometric precision detection report in a text form and a trend graph form.
Preferably, in the above digital detection method for geometric accuracy of a machine tool, when the measured geometric accuracy type is straightness, the specific method in step E1 is to fit the measured linear axis data by using a least square method, and remove coarse errors to obtain a standard axis of the measured linear axis.
Preferably, in the above digital detection method for geometric accuracy of a machine tool, when the measured geometric accuracy type is perpendicularity, the specific method in step E1 is to fit the data of the reference linear axis by using a least square method, remove coarse errors, and obtain a perpendicular line of the reference linear axis, which is the standard axis of the measured linear axis.
On the other hand, the digital detection device for the geometric accuracy of the machine tool consists of a data acquisition card, a displacement sensor, a control processing unit and a standard ruler,
the data acquisition card is used for acquiring detection data and feeding the detection data back to the control processing unit;
the displacement sensor is used for acquiring displacement information, converting the displacement information into an electric signal and transmitting the electric signal to the data acquisition card;
the control processing unit is used for controlling the linear axis motion of the machine tool to be detected, analyzing and processing the detection data fed back by the data acquisition card and generating a detection report;
the standard ruler is arranged on a workbench of the machine tool to be detected; the displacement sensor is arranged on the Z axis of the machine tool to be detected, and a detection head of the displacement sensor moves on the surface of the standard ruler under the action of the control processing unit; the data acquisition card is respectively connected with the displacement sensor and the control processing unit.
In the digital detection device for the geometric accuracy of the machine tool, the control processing unit can be a numerical control system equipped for the machine tool to be detected or an independent detection control system, and the numerical control system comprises a detection processing module, can set detection parameters and analyze and process acquired detection data; the detection control system is respectively connected with the data acquisition card and the to-be-detected machine tool, and realizes the detection of the geometric precision of the to-be-detected machine tool by controlling the movement of the movement shaft of the to-be-detected machine tool.
In the digital detection device for the geometric accuracy of the machine tool, the data acquisition card acquires two-dimensional coordinate data of the acquisition point from the control processing unit, acquires third-dimensional coordinate data from the displacement sensor, and feeds back the three-dimensional coordinate data of the acquisition point to the control processing unit.
The method and the device for digitally detecting the set precision of the machine tool comprise the standard ruler and the standard square ruler.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention realizes the automatic measurement and calculation analysis of the geometric accuracy of the machine tool, has simple operation and high efficiency, eliminates the influence of human factors, and has large data acquisition range, strong flexibility and accurate and reliable detection result; the detection report can be automatically generated, and the archiving and digital management are convenient.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the detection method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the detecting device of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a method for analyzing and processing straightness detection data according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method for analyzing and processing verticality detection data according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for digitally detecting the geometric accuracy of a machine tool indirectly obtains the geometric accuracy of the machine tool to be detected by setting a standard ruler on the machine tool to be detected and measuring and calculating the geometric accuracy of the standard ruler by using a detection device, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 100, placing a standard ruler of a corresponding type on a machine tool to be checked according to the measured geometric accuracy, wherein the standard ruler is a standard flat ruler when the measured geometric accuracy is straightness; when the measured geometric accuracy is perpendicularity, the standard square is selected as the standard square;
200, connecting the detection device with a machine tool to be detected, and setting motion parameters of the machine tool to be detected, including but not limited to a motion stroke, a limit stroke, a lead screw pitch, optical code counting and a return-to-original-point direction, so that the detection device and the machine tool to be detected are controlled in an integrated manner;
step 300, setting detection parameters including but not limited to detection travel, data acquisition mode, acquisition frequency, acquisition point number and movement speed;
step 400, executing an automatic detection program, enabling the machine tool to be detected to move along a linear axis, and acquiring three-dimensional coordinate data of each acquisition point by a detection device to serve as detection data;
and 500, automatically analyzing and processing the detection data by the detection device to obtain corresponding geometric accuracy and generate a detection report.
As shown in fig. 2, the digital detection device for geometric accuracy of a machine tool of the present invention is composed of a data acquisition card 1, a displacement sensor 2, a control processing unit 3 and a standard ruler 4, wherein the data acquisition card 1 is used for acquiring detection data and feeding the detection data back to the control processing unit 3; the displacement sensor 2 is used for acquiring displacement information, converting the displacement information into an electric signal and transmitting the electric signal to the data acquisition card 2; the control processing unit 3 is used for controlling the linear axis motion of the machine tool to be detected, analyzing and processing the detection data fed back by the data acquisition card 1 and generating a detection report; the standard ruler 4 is arranged on a workbench of the machine tool to be detected; the displacement sensor 2 is arranged on the Z axis of the machine tool to be detected, and a detection head of the displacement sensor 2 moves on the surface of the standard ruler 4 under the action of the control processing unit 3; the data acquisition card 1 is respectively connected with the displacement sensor 2 and the control processing unit 3.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the specific method of step 400 is that the control processing unit 3 controls the motion of the machine tool to be detected, the displacement sensor 2 moves along the linear axis along with the Z axis of the machine tool to be detected, and the detection head of the displacement sensor 2 contacts with the surface of the standard ruler 4 to obtain linear measurement data and feeds the linear measurement data back to the data acquisition card 1; the data acquisition card 1 respectively combines the two-dimensional coordinate data of the acquisition points acquired according to the acquisition instruction with the third-dimensional coordinate data fed back by the displacement sensor 2, and feeds back the combined data as the three-dimensional coordinate data of the acquisition points to the control processing unit 3.
Fig. 3 shows a method for automatically analyzing and processing inspection data and generating an inspection report in step 500 when the measured geometric accuracy is straightness, which includes:
step 511, fitting the measured linear axis data by using a least square method, and removing gross errors to obtain a standard axis of the measured linear axis;
step 512, calculating the distance between each acquisition point of the measured linear axis and the standard axis, and determining the difference between the calculated maximum value and the minimum value as a linearity result;
step 513, generating a straightness detection report in the form of text and a trend graph respectively.
Fig. 4 shows a method for automatically analyzing and processing the detection data and generating a detection report in step 500 when the measured geometric accuracy is perpendicularity, which includes:
step 521, fitting the data of the reference linear shaft by using a least square method, removing gross errors, and solving a vertical line of the reference linear shaft as a standard axis of the measured linear shaft;
step 522, calculating the distance between each acquisition point of the measured linear axis and the standard axis, and determining the difference between the calculated maximum value and the minimum value as a verticality result;
step 523, generate verticality detection reports in the form of text and trend graph, respectively.
In the above embodiment, the control processing unit 3 has different forms according to the state of the machine tool to be inspected: when the geometric accuracy of the assembled machine tool to be detected is detected, the control processing unit 3 directly adopts a numerical control system matched with the machine tool to be detected, a detection processing module is arranged in the numerical control system, and during detection, a program of the detection processing module is directly called to set detection parameters, control the detection process and analyze and process a detection result.
When the geometric accuracy of the assembled machine tool to be detected is detected, the control processing unit 3 is a detection control system with a control function, can be respectively communicated with the machine tool to be detected and the data acquisition card, acquires a geometric accuracy detection result by controlling the movement of the movement axis of the machine tool to be detected and data interaction between the machine tool and the data acquisition card, and analyzes and processes the detection result.
Although the present invention has been described in detail hereinabove, the present invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications in accordance with the principle of the present invention. Thus, modifications made in accordance with the principles of the present invention should be understood to fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The digital detection method for the geometric accuracy of the machine tool is characterized in that a standard ruler is arranged on the machine tool to be detected, and a detection device is used for measuring and calculating the geometric accuracy of the standard ruler, so that the geometric accuracy of the machine tool to be detected is indirectly obtained, and the digital detection method specifically comprises the following steps:
A. according to the measured geometric precision, placing a standard ruler of a corresponding type on a machine tool to be inspected;
B. connecting the detection device with the machine tool to be detected, and setting motion parameters of the machine tool to be detected, including but not limited to a motion stroke, a limit stroke, a lead screw pitch, optical code counting and a return-to-original-point direction, so that the detection device and the machine tool to be detected are controlled in an integrated manner;
C. setting detection parameters including but not limited to detection travel, data acquisition mode, acquisition frequency, acquisition point number and movement speed;
D. executing an automatic detection program, enabling the machine tool to be detected to move along a linear axis, and acquiring three-dimensional coordinate data of each acquisition point by a detection device to serve as detection data;
E. the detection device automatically analyzes and processes the detection data to obtain corresponding geometric accuracy and generate a detection report.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step D of acquiring the three-dimensional coordinate data is performed by a data acquisition card and a displacement sensor, the displacement sensor moves along a linear axis along with the Z axis of the machine tool to be inspected, the linear measurement data is obtained by contacting the surface of the standard ruler, and the data acquisition card acquires the two-dimensional coordinate data of the acquisition point and the third-dimensional coordinate data fed back by the displacement sensor according to the acquisition command, respectively, to form the three-dimensional coordinate data of the acquisition point.
3. The method for digitally detecting the geometric accuracy of the machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the step E comprises:
E1. fitting the linear axis data, and solving the standard axis of the measured linear axis;
E2. calculating the distance between each acquisition point of the measured linear axis and the standard axis, and determining the difference between the calculated maximum value and the minimum value as the measured geometric accuracy;
E3. and generating a geometric precision detection report in a text form and a trend graph form.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein when the measured geometric accuracy type is straightness, the specific method in step E1 is to fit the measured linear axis data by using least square method and remove gross errors to obtain the standard axis of the measured linear axis.
5. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein when the measured geometric accuracy type is perpendicularity, the specific method of step E1 is to fit the datum linear axis data by using least square method, and remove gross errors to obtain the perpendicular line of the datum linear axis, which is the standard axis of the measured linear axis.
6. A digital detection device for geometric accuracy of a machine tool is characterized by comprising a data acquisition card, a displacement sensor, a control processing unit and a standard ruler,
the data acquisition card is used for acquiring detection data and feeding the detection data back to the control processing unit;
the displacement sensor is used for acquiring displacement information, converting the displacement information into an electric signal and transmitting the electric signal to the data acquisition card;
the control processing unit is used for controlling the linear axis motion of the machine tool to be detected, analyzing and processing the detection data fed back by the data acquisition card and generating a detection report;
the standard ruler is arranged on a workbench of the machine tool to be detected; the displacement sensor is arranged on the Z axis of the machine tool to be detected, and a detection head of the displacement sensor moves on the surface of the standard ruler under the action of the control processing unit; the data acquisition card is respectively connected with the displacement sensor and the control processing unit.
7. The digital detection device for the geometric accuracy of the machine tool according to claim 6, wherein the control processing unit can be a numerical control system equipped for the machine tool to be detected or a separate detection control system, and the numerical control system comprises a detection processing module, can set detection parameters, and can analyze and process collected detection data; the detection control system is respectively connected with the data acquisition card and the to-be-detected machine tool, and realizes the detection of the geometric precision of the to-be-detected machine tool by controlling the movement of the movement shaft of the to-be-detected machine tool.
8. The device of claim 6, wherein the data acquisition card acquires two-dimensional coordinate data of the acquisition point from the control processing unit, acquires third-dimensional coordinate data from the displacement sensor, and feeds back the three-dimensional coordinate data forming the acquisition point to the control processing unit.
9. The method and the device for digitally detecting the accuracy of the machine tool set according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the standard ruler includes, but is not limited to, a standard flat ruler and a standard square ruler.
CN201910848917.XA 2019-09-09 2019-09-09 Digitalized detection method and device for geometric accuracy of machine tool Pending CN112461170A (en)

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Application publication date: 20210309