CN112461150B - Device and method for measuring strain of guide pipe for well drilling - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring strain of guide pipe for well drilling Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/168—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge by means of polarisation
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Abstract
A device and a method for measuring the strain of a guide pipe for well drilling. The main purpose is to solve the defect that only single-point measurement can be carried out on the surface of the structure in the electrical measurement method. The method is characterized in that: the device comprises a light source, a polarizer, a first 1/4 wave plate, a storage cabinet, a reflector, a universal tool clamp, an adjustable safety buckle, a hydraulic loading platform, a reflector, angle scale marks, a second 1/4 wave plate, an analyzer, a camera and longitudinal and transverse scale marks; the method comprises the steps of adhering the photoelastic patch on the surface of the guide tube, deforming the patch along with the surface of the guide tube after the guide tube is deformed by an axial load, generating interference fringes by the photoelastic patch in a reflection type polarization system, and calculating the strain of the surface of the member. The invention can be used for strain measurement of the position corresponding to the pressed guide tube patch, and overcomes the defects of the existing electrical measurement method.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to a device and a method for measuring structural strain, in particular to a device and a method for measuring the strain of a guide pipe for well drilling.
Background art:
along with the continuous development of oil fields, frequent operation in old oil areas and other reasons, the well conditions of oil wells gradually deteriorate, and the non-uniformity of oil reservoirs seriously influences the recovery ratio of the oil fields. Therefore, old well reconstruction, oil well production increase, and the like are imminent. The ultra-short radius horizontal well technology is one of the latest development technologies in the field of well drilling, and realizes the exploitation of complex oil reservoirs such as residual oil reservoirs at the top of an oil layer, local residual oil reservoirs trapped by a fault and the like by directly windowing and sidetracking a crude oil well casing, so that the oil field recovery efficiency and the economic benefit can be effectively improved.
The core point affecting this new technology is its well tools. The ultra-short radius horizontal well needs to be constructed by adopting a drilling tool with high flexibility, and the flexible drilling tool comprises components such as a flexible drill rod, a guide pipe, an upper drilling tool three-way connection and a lower drilling tool three-way connection. The drilling process can be divided into a horizontal section drilling part and an inclined section drilling part, and the working and stress states of the guide pipe in the drilling process of the two parts are different. During the drilling process of the deflecting section, a guide pipe with a slot on one side is closed under the action of axial pressure load, and the guide pipe generates lateral bending conforming to the curvature radius of a borehole, so that the flexible drill rod in the guide pipe can realize the drilling of the deflecting section under the set curvature radius; when the horizontal section drilling process is reached through the deflecting section, the guide pipe does not bear the action of axial pressure load any more, at the moment, the elastic deformation generated when the cutting seam of the deflecting section is closed can be gradually recovered, and in order to ensure that the horizontal section flexible drill rod continues to drill into a necessary track environment, the guide pipe is required not to generate overlarge plastic deformation in the deflecting section, so that when the guide pipe is designed, the guide pipe has enough strength to meet the requirement of structural stress in the drilling process, and has enough flexibility to meet the requirement that the guide pipe does not generate overlarge plastic deformation when passing through the deflecting section. Therefore, for a given guide pipe structure, the deformation of the guide pipe under the action of axial pressure load is checked, and the technical indexes are important for judging the guide pipe. In the prior art, a multi-purpose electrical measurement method is commonly used for detection by a resistance strain gauge method, but the measurement result of the method is not easy to reflect the distribution of a strain field on the surface of a component and only can be used for measuring the surface of the component in a single point.
Other researches on the aspect of measuring the deformation of the guide pipe structure are less developed at present. The found data is that the guide tube is loaded by using a multifunctional testing machine for material mechanics, and the bending deformation of the pressed guide tube is directly measured by using a steel ruler, so that the test measurement result has larger error. Therefore, a more suitable measuring device and method for strain measurement of the compressed guide tube are needed.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art, the invention provides a device and a method for measuring the strain of a compression structure based on a photoelastic patch method. The method is characterized in that a photoelastic material sheet with high sensitivity is directly adhered to the surface of a guide tube with good reflection performance by using high-strength adhesive, when the guide tube is deformed by an axial load, a patch is deformed along with the surface of the guide tube, and in a reflection type polarization system, the photoelastic patch generates interference fringes, so that the strain of the surface of the member is calculated. Compared with the electrical measurement method, the method can effectively overcome the defect that the electrical measurement method can only carry out single-point measurement on the surface of the component, and the change rule of the stripes can be observed in the whole measurement process.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the device for measuring the strain of the guide pipe for drilling comprises a light source 1, a polarizer 2, a first 1/4 wave plate 3, a storage cabinet 4, a first reflective mirror 5, a universal tool clamp 6, an adjustable safety buckle 7, a hydraulic loading table 9, a second reflective mirror 10, an angle scale mark 11, a second 1/4 wave plate 12, an analyzer 13, a camera 14 and a longitudinal scale mark 15.
Wherein, the angle scale lines 11 and the longitudinal and transverse scale lines 15 are carved on the same panel which is positioned on the storage cabinet 4.
The longitudinal and transverse scale lines 15 consist of 15 longitudinal lines with longitudinal labels from 0# to 14# and 5 transverse lines with transverse labels from 1# to 5#, and the longitudinal lines and the transverse lines are distributed at equal intervals; the angle scale lines 11 consist of scale lines of 0 degree, 4 degree, 15 degree, 30 degree and 45 degree; the 0-degree scale lines are superposed with the transverse line of the transverse label 3#, except the 0-degree scale lines, the other scale lines correspond to two angles, and the two scale lines with the same angle are symmetrically distributed along the transverse line of the transverse label 3 #; the angle scale lines 11 and the longitudinal and transverse scale lines 15 are used for quickly positioning the optical element when the optical path diagram is arranged; the centre line of the hydraulic loading table 9 coincides with the transverse line of the transverse index 3 #.
The universal tooling fixture 6 and the adjustable safety catch 7 are positioned on a hydraulic loading platform 9.
The universal tool clamp 6 comprises a base 6a, an arc-shaped clamping piece 6b and a fastening bolt 6 c; threaded holes are formed in four corners of the base, and the clamp is connected with a base of the hydraulic loading table 9 through bolts; two threaded holes are formed in two sides of each arc-shaped clamping piece 6b and are used for screwing in first fastening bolts 6c so as to clamp guide pipes with different diameters; the bottom of the base 6a is provided with a fan-shaped bottom sheet extending along the outer surface of the arc-shaped clamping sheet, and the center of the outer surface of the bottom sheet is provided with a rectangular bulge which is used for being matched with the groove shape of the bottom surface of the base to achieve the purposes of fixing and limiting the movement of the arc-shaped clamping sheet.
The adjustable safety buckle 7 comprises a main body fastener 7a, a movable fastener 7b, a positioning handle 7c, a limiting pin 7d, a fixing plate 7e and a second fastening bolt 7 f; the second fastening bolt 7f is used for realizing the connection between the adjustable safety buckle 7 and the hydraulic loading platform 9; the adjustable safety buckles 7 need to be symmetrically arranged at the positions close to the upper end face and the lower end face of the guide column of the hydraulic loading platform 9.
The method for measuring the strain of the guide pipe for drilling by using the device comprises the following steps:
firstly, manufacturing a photoelastic patch;
secondly, adhering a photoelastic patch to a guide pipe rib part of a guide pipe sample for drilling to be measured;
thirdly, mounting and debugging before testing; the specific path is as follows:
(1) installing the guide pipe sample for drilling, which is adhered with the photoelastic patch, on a hydraulic loading platform by using a universal tool clamp and an adjustable safety buckle, and enabling one side, which is adhered with the photoelastic patch, to face a light source;
(2) the method comprises the following steps that a light source, a polarizer and a first quarter wave plate are sequentially arranged along a scale mark of 4 degrees from the opposite direction of a hydraulic loading platform, and a second quarter wave plate, an analyzer and a camera are sequentially arranged along another scale mark of 4 degrees from one side of the hydraulic loading platform; adjusting the heights of all the optical elements to enable the centers of all the optical elements to be on the same horizontal line to form a reflection type polarized light system orthogonal circular polarized light field;
(3) turning on a light source, applying an axial load to the guide tube sample by a hydraulic loading table, wherein the axial load ranges from 5kN to 10kN, and observing the occurrence of isodyne lines on the photoelastic patch by utilizing an orthogonal circularly polarized light field of a reflective polarizing system; if the isodyne stripes are symmetrically distributed on the photoelastic patch along the axial direction of the guide tube, the light path setting and the holding position of the guide tube are accurate; on the contrary, the position of the guide tube needs to be adjusted again until the generated isodyne line stripes are symmetrically distributed on the photoelastic patch along the axial direction of the guide tube;
step four, gradually applying load to the guide tube sample by using a hydraulic loading table, observing the change condition of an isodyne line when the axial load is increased by 5kN until the axial load is 40kN, and observing the change of the isodyne line pattern of the photoelastic patch in a reflective orthogonal circular polarization field under the irradiation of a white light source until the 3-level isodyne line pattern appears in the middle of the symmetrical linear position of the photoelastic patch along the axial direction of the guide tube sample;
fifthly, in a reflective orthogonal circularly polarized light field, the positions of all optical elements are kept unchanged, only a white light source is changed into a monochromatic sodium light source, an isodyne line stripe pattern generated by a photoelastic patch is drawn on the patch by a pencil, and the stage number of the isodyne line stripe is marked;
sixthly, if the isodyne stripes pass through the middle position of the photoelastic patch, recording the stripe value at the moment as Nz(ii) a If the isodyne line stripe does not pass through the middle position of the photoelastic patch, the analyzer needs to be independently rotated in the existing reflective orthogonal circularly polarized light field, the fourth step to the fifth step are repeatedly executed, so that the N-level stripe or the N-1-level stripe read out in the fourth step just moves to the middle position of the photoelastic patch, and at the moment, the rotating angle theta of the analyzer A is recorded;
if the N-level stripes just move to the middle position of the 8b photoelastic patch, calculating the stripe level number of the middle position of the 8b photoelastic patch by adopting an equation (1):
if the N-1 level stripes just move to the middle position of the 8b photoelastic patch, the number of the stripes at the middle position of the 8b photoelastic patch is calculated by adopting an equation (2):
a seventh step of forming a line perpendicular to the outer normal line of the photoelastic patch in a plane perpendicular to the middle position of the photoelastic patch
Oblique shooting is carried out in the direction of the angle; when in oblique incidence, the optical elements are arranged according to an oblique incidence light path, starting from the direction opposite to the hydraulic loading platform and along the direction 2#On the line, a light source, a polarizer, a first quarter wave plate and a first reflector 5 are sequentially arranged, wherein the position of the first reflector 5 is 2#The line intersects the 15 degree line; from the hydraulic loading table side, along 4#The second mirror 10, the second quarter wave plate, the analyzer and the camera are arranged in line in this order to form a skew ray path, wherein the second mirror 10 is positioned at 4#The line intersects the 15 degree line; in the oblique light path, by changing the position distribution of each optical element on the angle scale line and the vertical and horizontal scale lines, the reading-out corresponds to the difference
The number N of isobaric line stripes in the circumferential direction of the sample of the guide tube at the middle position of the angular photoelastic patchz1；
Eighthly, unloading the load, taking down the guide pipe sample from the hydraulic loading platform, and tracing an isobologram by using a tracing paper;
the ninth step, according to the formula (3), the first principal strain epsilon of the guide tube is obtained1The second principal strain ε of the guide tube is obtained according to the formula (4)2；
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the material strain streak value, mm; ecThe elastic modulus of the patch material is shown; f is the stress fringe value of the material, N/m; mu.scThe Poisson's ratio of the patch material is; h iscIs the thickness of the patch, mm; n is a radical ofZIs the fringe order of isobars in a reflective orthogonal circularly polarized light field, NZ1Is the fringe order of the isodyne in the oblique light path.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the method of the invention directly sticks the photoelastic material slice with high sensitivity on the surface of the guide tube with good reflection performance by using high-strength adhesive, when the guide tube is deformed by axial load, the patch deforms along with the surface of the guide tube, and in a reflection type polarization system, the photoelastic patch generates interference fringes, thereby calculating the strain of the surface of the component. Compared with the electrical measurement method, the method can effectively overcome the defect that the electrical measurement method can only carry out single-point measurement on the surface of the component, and the change rule of the stripes can be observed in the whole measurement process.
Description of the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of the location of the photoelastic patch.
Figure 8 a-guide rib; 8 b-a photo-elastic patch; 8 c-guide tube perps; 8 d-guide tube transverse seam.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a mold for making a photoelastic patch.
Figure 16-bottom adjustable bolt; 17-a metal plate; 18-silicone rubber strips; 19-organic glass plate; 20-small kalant.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the apparatus.
FIG. 1-light source; 2-a polarizer; 3-a first 1/4 wave plate; 4-a storage cabinet; 5-a first reflector; 6-universal tool clamp; 7-adjustable safety buckle; 8-guide tube sample; 9-a hydraulic loading platform; 10-a second mirror; 11-angle scale lines; 12-a second 1/4 wave plate; 13-an analyzer; 14-a camera; 15-vertical and horizontal scale lines.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the scale lines.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a universal jig.
Figure 6 a-base; 6 b-arc-shaped clamping pieces; 6 c-Clamp fastening bolts.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an adjustable safety buckle.
7 a-body fasteners; 7 b-a movable fastener; 7 c-a positioning handle; 7 d-a limit pin; 7 e-fixing plate; 7 f-fastening the bolt by the safety buckle.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the position of the guiding tube for adhering the photoelastic patch, and provides a measurement basis for the specific size adopted during the manufacturing of the photoelastic patch, and also provides a basis for the specific adhering position of the photoelastic patch.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a mold for manufacturing the photoelastic patch, according to the process for manufacturing the photoelastic patch of the present invention, the photoelastic patch matched with the surface structure of the guide tube is firstly manufactured and then is adhered to the surface of the guide tube according to the requirement.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a measurement apparatus, from which the loading and measurement of the entire test is performed.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of scale marks on a tabletop of the measuring device, which are engraved with 15 longitudinal lines (No. 0-14), 5 transverse lines (1-5) and angle scale marks (0 °, 4 °, 15 °, 30 °, 45 °), and the longitudinal lines, the transverse lines and the transverse lines are distributed at equal intervals, wherein the 0 ° scale marks coincide with the 3 ° transverse lines, the angle scale marks are symmetrically distributed along the 3 ° transverse lines (except for the 0 ° scale marks), and the longitudinal, transverse, longitudinal, and angle scale marks are provided for rapidly positioning each optical element when a light path diagram is arranged.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a fixing jig designed as a general type jig including a base 6a, an arc-shaped jaw 6b, and a fastening bolt 6 c. The four corners of the base are designed into threaded holes, and the clamp is fixedly connected with the hydraulic loading device through bolts. Two threaded holes are formed in two sides of each 6b arc-shaped clamping piece and used for connecting fastening bolts 6c, the clamping pieces are screwed up through fastening screws, the clamping pieces gradually approach to the center, and clamping and fastening of guide pipes with different diameters can be achieved. The bottom of the base 6a is provided with a fan-shaped bottom sheet extending along the outer surface of the arc-shaped clamping sheet, and the center of the outer surface of the bottom sheet is provided with a rectangular bulge which is used for being matched with a groove type arranged on the bottom surface of the base to achieve the purposes of fixing and limiting the movement of the arc-shaped clamping sheet.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of an adjustable safety buckle, which includes a main body fastener 7a, a movable fastener 7b, a positioning handle 7c, a limiting pin 7d, a fixing plate 7e, and a bolt and nut 7 f. Need pay attention to when installing adjustable safety buckle: the safety buckles need to be symmetrically arranged at positions close to the upper end face and the lower end face of the guide column of the hydraulic loading device, and the adjustable safety buckles are connected with the hydraulic loading device through 7f fastening bolts. A pressing stroke of the end face during loading is reserved between the axial installation positions of the upper end face and the adjustable safety buckle at the upper end of the loading device so as to ensure the smooth later-stage loading; after the axial position of the adjustable safety buckle is determined, the guide pipe can be clamped and fastened, and the movable fastener 7b is in an open state in the process; rotating the movable fastener 7b to ensure that the sectional area of the adjustable safety fastener is larger than that of the guide pipe, and inserting the 7d limiting pin into the slotted hole; and finally, rotating the 7c positioning handle to ensure that the fastened 7a main body fastener and 7b movable fastener are not in contact with the surface of the guide pipe.
The following description will discuss a specific embodiment of a method for measuring strain of a pressure guide pipe having a slit formed on one side thereof.
The device and the method for measuring the surface strain of the compression structure based on the photoelastic patch method overcome the defect that the electrical measurement method can only carry out single-point measurement on the surface of the structure, the patch is made of epoxy resin materials according to a certain proportioning scheme, and the manufactured photoelastic patch has high optical sensitivity, large coverage area, coincidence with the shape of the surface of the structure and no initial stress.
The method comprises the following steps:
1. and (5) manufacturing the photoelastic patch.
(1) According to the structure size and the stress characteristics of the guide pipe, when the strain of the compressed guide pipe is measured, the photoelastic patch is pasted at the position 8b in the figure 1, and the size of the photoelastic patch is as follows: 100mm by 60mm by 2 mm.
(2) Manufacturing mold
Firstly, preparing a metal plate with three threaded holes on one surface, wherein the threaded holes of the metal plate in the figure 2 are consistent with the specification of the bottom adjustable bolt in the figure 2, the specification of the metal plate is 120mm multiplied by 80mm, and the thickness of the metal plate is 5 mm.
② cleaning the metal panel by washing powder and wiping the surface by acetone.
Thirdly, the metal plate cleaned completely is connected with the bottom adjustable bolt through the bolt and the thread, and the metal plate is kept horizontal. In order to facilitate the falling of the model, a release agent is required to be coated on the surface of the metal panel, and the release agent adopts a polystyrene toluene solution and is prepared according to the following proportion: toluene: polystyrene 100: 10. When the release agent is coated, firstly, the bowl-shaped cap bottom of the bottom adjustable bolt in the figure 2 is rotated to enable the metal plate to form a certain inclination angle with the horizontal plane, so as to achieve an inclined state, and the inclination angle range is between 5 degrees and 15 degrees. The release agent is evenly poured down along the high side of the inclined metal plate, and the release agent is evenly coated on the metal plate by a round glass rod, and the surplus release agent is removed.
After the release agent is naturally dried, the release agent is repeatedly coated according to the method.
And (3) coating a release agent on the surface of an organic glass plate with the thickness of 5mm and the thickness of 120mm multiplied by 80mm according to the release agent coating method, wherein the plate surface of the organic glass plate is inclined by placing the organic glass plate on an inclined bracket.
And fourthly, clamping the 18 silicon rubber strip wrapped with the cellophane between the metal plate and the organic glass plate by using a small flange, wherein the thickness of the 18 silicon rubber strip is 2 mm.
(3) Ingredients
Epoxy resin is taken as a base material, ethylenediamine is taken as a curing agent, dibutyl phthalate is taken as a plasticizer, and the components are proportioned according to the following weight ratio: epoxy resin: ethylene diamine: dibutyl phthalate 100:8: 10.
The dosage of each raw material is calculated according to the proportion by combining the size of the photoelastic patch, and the raw materials are weighed out and then are subpackaged in different cleaning containers.
Secondly, the epoxy resin is preheated in an oven to reach 45 ℃. Ethylene diamine was melted in a water bath and maintained at 45 ℃.
(4) Stirring and pouring
Sequentially and slowly pouring dibutyl phthalate and ethylenediamine into preheated epoxy resin in a fume hood, stirring the mixed solution for 15 minutes by using a glass rod to uniformly mix the raw materials, placing the container in a water bath during stirring, and keeping the temperature of the mixed solution within 40-45 ℃.
And secondly, slowly injecting the uniformly stirred mixed solution into the die in the figure 2 at room temperature through a funnel, and sealing a silicon rubber strip coated with a release agent at the opening of the die to prevent dust from falling.
And thirdly, taking out the epoxy resin plate when the poured material is in a soft rubber shape 3 hours after the pouring at the room temperature.
(5) Paster forming
The epoxy resin material in the semi-cured state can be molded at will without generating initial stress, so that the epoxy resin plate is cut according to the dimension of 100mm multiplied by 60mm multiplied by 2mm which meets the test requirement of the guide pipe.
Secondly, the surface of the guide pipe is cleaned, and the surface is required to be smooth and matt. If rust is found on the surface of the guide tube, use 100#-200#The surface of the guide pipe is polished to be bright by the abrasive paper, and then the surface of the guide pipe is wiped by acetone to remove oil stains on the surface of the guide pipe.
Thirdly, after the surface of the guide pipe is cleaned and dried, coating a thin layer of mineral oil. And (3) flatly attaching the cut photoelastic patch to the surface of the guide tube, curing and forming the patch after 24 hours at room temperature, and taking down the patch. Therefore, the photoelastic patch which meets the surface structure characteristics of the guide tube and has no initial stress is manufactured.
2. Sticking photoelastic patch
(1) On the surface of the guide tube to be pasted with the photoelastic patch, 100#-200#The surface of the guide pipe is polished by abrasive paper to be bright and flat, and then the guide pipe is wiped by acetone and dried.
(2) Preparing the adhesive, and curing the epoxy resin adhesive at room temperature. The required raw materials are epoxy resin, ethylenediamine and dibutyl phthalate, and the proportion is the same as that of the photoelastic patch. In order to increase the reflection capability of the photoelastic patch, aluminum powder is added into the binder and is uniformly stirred.
(3) The adhesive is dipped by a glass rod and respectively smeared on the surface of the guide tube and the photoelastic patch, the photoelastic patch is stuck on the guide tube and is pressed by hands to form a thin uniform adhesive layer, meanwhile, bubbles and redundant adhesive in the guide tube are removed, then, the test piece is placed at room temperature for curing, and after 24 hours, a loading test is carried out.
3. Pre-test installation and debugging
(1) The guide tube pasted with the photoelastic patch is installed on a hydraulic loading platform by using a universal tool clamp and an adjustable safety buckle, and one side of the guide tube pasted with the photoelastic patch faces to a measuring device platform.
(2) Referring to the schematic diagram of the scale lines on the desktop of the measuring device in fig. 4, on the measuring device (fig. 3), a light source, a polarizer and a quarter wave plate are sequentially arranged along a 4-degree line from the opposite direction of a hydraulic loading platform, and a quarter wave plate, an analyzer and a camera are sequentially arranged along another 4-degree line from one side of the hydraulic loading platform. The heights of the optical elements are adjusted to make the centers of the optical elements on the same horizontal line, so as to form a reflection type polarization system orthogonal circular polarization light field.
(3) And turning on a light source, applying an axial load to the guide tube by using a hydraulic loading system, wherein the axial load range is 5kN-10kN, and observing the occurrence of isodyne stripes on the photoelastic patch by using a reflection type polarization system orthogonal circular polarization light field. If the isodyne stripes are symmetrically distributed on the photoelastic patch along the axial direction of the guide tube, the light path setting and the holding position of the guide tube are accurate; on the contrary, the position of the guide tube needs to be adjusted again until the generated isodyne line stripes are symmetrically distributed on the photoelastic patch along the axial direction of the guide tube.
4. Test procedure
(1) And (3) gradually applying load by using a guide pipe of a hydraulic loading platform 8, observing the change condition of the isodyne line when the axial load is increased by 5kN until the axial load is 40kN, and observing the change of the isodyne line stripes of the photoelastic patch in a reflective orthogonal circular polarization field under the irradiation of a white light source until the 3-level isodyne line stripes appear in the middle of the symmetrical linear position of the photoelastic patch along the axial direction of the guide pipe.
(2) In the reflection type orthogonal circular polarized light field, the positions of all optical elements are kept unchanged, only a white light source is changed into a single-color sodium light source, and the light source is drawn on a patch by a pencil according to an isodyne line stripe pattern generated by the photoelastic patch, and the series of the isodyne line stripes is marked.
(3) If the isodyne stripe passes through the middle position of the photoelastic patch, recording the stripe value at the moment as Nz(ii) a If the isodyne line stripe does not pass through the middle position of the photoelastic patch, the analyzer needs to be independently rotated in the existing orthogonal circularly polarized light field, so that the N-level stripe or the N-1-level stripe read out in the step (1) just moves to the middle position of the photoelastic patch of 8b, and at the moment, the rotating angle theta of the analyzer A is recorded. If the N-level stripes just move to the middle position of the 8b photoelastic patch, calculating the stripe level number of the middle position of the 8b photoelastic patch by adopting an equation (1):
if the N-1 level stripes just move to the middle position of the 8b photoelastic patch, the number of the stripes at the middle position of the 8b photoelastic patch is calculated by adopting an equation (2):
(4) in a plane perpendicular to the central position of the photoelastic patch, along a line normal thereto
The direction of the angle is oblique. When oblique incidence is carried out, optical elements are arranged according to an oblique incidence light path, a table scale mark schematic diagram of a measuring device is shown on the measuring device (figure 3) in figure 4, and the direction from the opposite side of a hydraulic loading table is started along 2#On the line, a light source, a polarizer, a quarter wave plate and a first reflector 5 are sequentially arranged, wherein the position of the first reflector 5 is 2#The line intersects the 15 degree line;from the hydraulic loading table side, along 4#The second mirrors 10 are arranged in line in sequence, the second mirrors 10 being positioned 4#And on the intersection point of the line and the 15-degree line, the quarter-wave plate, the analyzer and the camera form an oblique light path.
(5) In the oblique light path, by changing the respective optical elements: the position distribution of the light source, the polarizer, the quarter-wave plate, the reflector, the quarter-wave plate, the analyzer and the camera on the angle scale line and the vertical and horizontal scale lines can be read out to correspond to different positions
The middle position of the angular photoelastic patch is along the number N of isobaritic line stripe series in the circumferential direction of the guide pipez1. When adjusting each optical element, the adjustment of optical element position is carried out along the symmetrical angle scale mark on the desktop, and the reflector location is determined through the intersection point of the angle scale mark and the vertical and horizontal scale mark.
(6) And (4) unloading the load, taking down the guide tube from the hydraulic loading platform, tracing the isobologram by using a tracing paper, and turning off the power supply of the light source.
(7) Calculating the first principal strain epsilon of the guide tube according to the formula (3)1Calculating the second principal strain epsilon of the guide tube according to the formula (4)2。
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the material strain fringe value; ec、EsRespectively the elastic modulus of the patch material and the elastic modulus of the component material; mu.sc、μsRespectively the Poisson's ratio of the patch material and the Poisson's ratio of the component material; h iscIs the patch thickness.
The test data processing process comprises the following steps:
(1) the photoelastic patch is firmly adhered to the surface of the guide tube, and under the action of axial pressure load, the strain of each point in the patch is considered to be equal to the strain of the corresponding point on the surface of the guide tube, namely:
ε1 tube＝ε1 paster
ε2 tube＝ε2 paster
(2) The number of the equal difference line striations under the condition of the light path in the step 4 (2) is recorded as NzAnd then:
(3) the number of the equal difference line striations under the condition of the light path of the step (3) in the step 4 is recorded as Nz1And then:
because the patch is in a planar stress state:
carrying formula (7) and formula (8) into formula (9), and finishing to obtain:
from the formula (5) and the formula (9), epsilon can be obtained1And ε2I.e. the two main strain values of the pressurised guide tube.
It should be noted that: aluminum powder needs to be added into the adhesive for adhering the photoelastic strain gauge so as to improve the reflection capability; the surface of the structure to be tested is cleaned before the surface is pasted with the adhesive, and the adhesive is only coated with a thin layer; the whole experiment process is required to be carried out in a darkroom environment, and the experiment platform cannot vibrate in the experiment process.
Through the scheme, the stress measurement of the pressure guide pipe with the slit on one side is realized, and the strain change rule can also be fed back through the stripe change rule of the photoelastic patch in the optical field.
Claims (1)
1. A method for measuring the strain of a guide pipe for drilling is characterized in that a measuring device is used, and the measuring device comprises a light source (1), a polarizer (2), a first 1/4 wave plate (3), a storage cabinet (4), a first reflective mirror (5), a universal tool clamp (6), an adjustable safety buckle (7), a hydraulic loading table (9), a second reflective mirror (10), an angle scale mark (11), a second 1/4 wave plate (12), an analyzer (13), a camera (14) and a longitudinal and transverse scale mark (15); the longitudinal and transverse scale lines (15) are composed of 15 longitudinal lines with longitudinal labels from 0# to 14# and 5 transverse lines with transverse labels from 1# to 5#, and the longitudinal lines and the transverse lines are distributed at equal intervals; the angle scale marks (11) consist of 0 degree, 4 degree, 15 degree, 30 degree and 45 degree scale marks; the 0-degree scale lines are superposed with the transverse line of the transverse label 3#, except the 0-degree scale lines, the other scale lines correspond to two angles, and the two scale lines with the same angle are symmetrically distributed along the transverse line of the transverse label 3 #; the angle scale marks (11) and the longitudinal and transverse scale marks (15) are used for quickly positioning the optical element when the optical path diagram is arranged; the central line of the hydraulic loading platform (9) is coincided with the transverse line of the transverse mark 3 #;
characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
firstly, manufacturing a photoelastic patch;
secondly, adhering a photoelastic patch to a guide pipe rib part of a guide pipe sample for drilling to be measured;
thirdly, mounting and debugging before testing; the specific path is as follows:
(1) installing a guide pipe sample (8) for drilling, which is stuck with a photoelastic patch, on a hydraulic loading table (9) by using a universal tool clamp (6) and an adjustable safety buckle (7), and enabling one side, which is stuck with the photoelastic patch, to face a light source (1);
(2) the method comprises the steps that a light source (1), a polarizer (2) and a first quarter-wave plate (3) are sequentially arranged along a 4-degree scale mark from the opposite direction of a hydraulic loading platform (9), and a second quarter-wave plate (12), an analyzer (13) and a camera (14) are sequentially arranged from one side of the hydraulic loading platform along another 4-degree scale mark; adjusting the heights of all the optical elements to enable the centers of all the optical elements to be on the same horizontal line to form a reflection type polarized light system orthogonal circular polarized light field;
(3) turning on a light source (1), applying an axial load to a guide tube sample (8) by a hydraulic loading platform (9), wherein the axial load ranges from 5kN to 10kN, and observing that an optical elastic patch has an isodyne stripe by utilizing an orthogonal circularly polarized light field of a reflective polarizing system; if the isodyne stripes are symmetrically distributed on the photoelastic patch along the axial direction of the guide tube, the light path setting and the holding position of the guide tube are accurate; on the contrary, the position of the guide tube needs to be adjusted again until the generated isodyne line stripes are symmetrically distributed on the photoelastic patch along the axial direction of the guide tube;
step four, gradually applying load to the guide tube sample by using a hydraulic loading table, observing the change condition of an isodyne line when the axial load is increased by 5kN until the axial load is 40kN, and observing the change of the isodyne line pattern of the photoelastic patch in a reflective orthogonal circular polarization field under the irradiation of a white light source until the 3-level isodyne line pattern appears in the middle of the symmetrical linear position of the photoelastic patch along the axial direction of the guide tube sample;
fifthly, in a reflective orthogonal circularly polarized light field, the positions of all optical elements are kept unchanged, only a white light source is changed into a monochromatic sodium light source, an isodyne line stripe pattern generated by a photoelastic patch is drawn on the patch by a pencil, and the stage number of the isodyne line stripe is marked;
sixthly, if the isodyne stripes pass through the middle position of the photoelastic patch, recording the number of the stripe levels at the moment as Nz(ii) a If the isodyne stripes do not pass through the middle position of the photoelastic patch, the analyzer needs to be rotated independently in the existing reflective orthogonal circularly polarized light field, and the fourth step to the fifth step are repeatedly executed, so that the N-level stripes or the N-level stripes read out in the fourth stepThe N-1 level stripe just moves to the middle position of the photoelastic patch, and at the moment, the rotating angle theta of the analyzer (13) is recorded;
if the N-level stripes just move to the middle position of the photoelastic patch, calculating the stripe level number of the middle position of the photoelastic patch by adopting an equation (1):
if the N-1 level of stripes just move to the middle position of the photoelastic patch, calculating the level of the stripes at the middle position of the photoelastic patch by adopting an equation (2):
a seventh step of forming a line perpendicular to the outer normal line of the photoelastic patch in a plane perpendicular to the middle position of the photoelastic patch
Oblique shooting is carried out in the direction of the angle; when in oblique incidence, the optical elements are arranged according to an oblique incidence light path, starting from the direction opposite to the hydraulic loading platform and along the direction 2#The light source, the polarizer, the first quarter-wave plate and the first reflector (5) are sequentially arranged on the line, and the position of the first reflector (5) is 2#The line intersects the 15 degree line; from the hydraulic loading table side, along 4#The second reflecting mirror (10), the second quarter wave plate, the analyzer and the camera are arranged in line in sequence to form an oblique light path, wherein the position of the second reflecting mirror (10) is 4#The line intersects the 15 degree line; in the oblique light path, by changing the position distribution of each optical element on the angle scale line and the vertical and horizontal scale lines, the reading-out corresponds to the difference
The number N of isobaric line stripes in the circumferential direction of the sample of the guide tube at the middle position of the angular photoelastic patchz1；
Eighthly, unloading the load, taking down the guide pipe sample from the hydraulic loading platform, and tracing an isobologram by using a tracing paper;
the ninth step, according to the formula (3), the first principal strain epsilon of the guide tube is obtained1The second principal strain ε of the guide tube is obtained according to the formula (4)2；
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
is the material strain streak value, mm; ecThe elastic modulus of the patch material is shown; f is the stress fringe value of the material, N/m; mu.scThe Poisson's ratio of the patch material is; h iscIs the thickness of the patch, mm; n is a radical ofZIs the fringe order of isobars in a reflective orthogonal circularly polarized light field, NZ1Is the fringe order of the isodyne in the oblique light path.
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