CN112460126A - Anticreep threaded fastener and rail vehicle - Google Patents

Anticreep threaded fastener and rail vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112460126A
CN112460126A CN202011192719.1A CN202011192719A CN112460126A CN 112460126 A CN112460126 A CN 112460126A CN 202011192719 A CN202011192719 A CN 202011192719A CN 112460126 A CN112460126 A CN 112460126A
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China
Prior art keywords
nut
positioning anti
rod section
bayonet
bolt
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Granted
Application number
CN202011192719.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN112460126B (en
Inventor
王文峰
吴先年
汪珍
喻泉
董华锋
艾启耀
徐达怡
袁晓涛
邹侃
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CRRC Yangtze Co Ltd
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CRRC Yangtze Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202011192719.1A priority Critical patent/CN112460126B/en
Publication of CN112460126A publication Critical patent/CN112460126A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B35/00—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws
    • F16B35/04—Screw-bolts; Stay-bolts; Screw-threaded studs; Screws; Set screws with specially-shaped head or shaft in order to fix the bolt on or in an object
    • F16B35/041—Specially-shaped shafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B37/00—Nuts or like thread-engaging members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B37/00—Nuts or like thread-engaging members
    • F16B37/04—Devices for fastening nuts to surfaces, e.g. sheets, plates
    • F16B37/041—Releasable devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B41/00—Measures against loss of bolts, nuts, or pins; Measures against unauthorised operation of bolts, nuts or pins
    • F16B41/002—Measures against loss of bolts, nuts or pins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B43/00—Washers or equivalent devices; Other devices for supporting bolt-heads or nuts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-drop thread fastener and a railway vehicle, wherein the anti-drop thread fastener comprises a bolt and a nut; the bolt comprises a head part and a rod part, the rod part comprises a screw rod section and a polished rod section, the polished rod section is provided with a positioning anti-drop pin, at least one end of the positioning anti-drop pin extends out of the polished rod section, and the distance L1 between the outer end surface of the positioning anti-drop pin and the axle center of the bolt is greater than the 1/2 nominal diameter of the screw rod section; a bayonet groove is formed in the internal thread of the nut, the distance L2 between the groove bottom of the bayonet groove and the axis of the nut is matched with the distance L1 between the outer end face of the positioning anti-drop pin and the axis of the bolt, and therefore when the nut is sleeved at the installation position of the positioning anti-drop pin of the polished rod section, the positioning anti-drop pin is in transition fit or clearance fit with the groove bottom of the bayonet groove. According to the invention, the positioning anti-drop pin and the bayonet groove are arranged, so that an excellent anti-drop effect can be realized, and the operation safety accidents such as train overturn and the like caused by the fact that the accessories fall into the rail after the nut is loosened and falls off from the bolt are effectively prevented.

Description

Anticreep threaded fastener and rail vehicle
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of threaded fasteners, and particularly relates to an anti-falling threaded fastener and a railway vehicle.
Background
Fasteners on railway cars are divided into general force-bearing members and important force-bearing members. The common stressed part adopts a common bolt fastener, and the bolt fastener is easy to loosen and separate due to vibration no matter the bolt fastener adopts a spring washer or a nut. In order to solve the problem, spot welding is often carried out on the joint of the bolt and the nut on site, or the bolt thread exposing the nut is removed, and the nut cannot continue to rotate on the bolt after being loosened in a mode of completely destroying the thread, so that the purpose of preventing the nut from falling off is achieved.
The important stress piece adopts a locknut. The locknut used most by the railway freight car is permanently attached to the threads by special engineering plastics, so that the engineering plastics are extruded to generate strong reaction force in the process of reducing the internal threads and the external threads, the friction force between the internal threads and the external threads is greatly increased, and the absolute resistance to vibration is provided. In addition, the locknuts in the forms of neck-equipped closing-in, metal locking devices and the like are all disposable, the dismounting moment is far greater than the mounting moment, and the space at the lower part of the rail vehicle is narrow, so that the dismounting is difficult.
The pull rivet is also adopted as a part of important stressed parts, although the anti-falling effect of the pull rivet is better, the pull rivet is the same as the mode of destroying threads, once the parts are broken and need to be disassembled and replaced, a hydraulic breaking machine must be used on site or the parts can be removed through flame cutting, the parts are easily damaged by pulling when the lantern ring is cut by flame, the pull rivet cannot be used for disassembling and replacing the broken parts on site under the manual condition, and great inconvenience is brought to site operation.
Therefore, the common stress piece and the important stress piece used in the prior art cannot give consideration to the two technical effects of falling prevention and easy disassembly and assembly.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an anti-drop threaded fastener and a railway vehicle, wherein the anti-drop effect is realized by matching a bolt positioning anti-drop pin and a nut bayonet groove.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing the purpose of the invention is that the anti-drop thread fastener comprises a bolt and a nut; the bolt comprises a head part and a rod part, the rod part comprises a screw rod section and a polished rod section, the screw rod section is positioned between the head part and the polished rod section, a positioning anti-drop pin is arranged on the polished rod section, at least one end of the positioning anti-drop pin extends out of the polished rod section, and the distance L1 between the outer end surface of the positioning anti-drop pin and the axle center of the bolt is greater than the 1/2 nominal diameter of the screw rod section;
a bayonet groove is formed in the internal thread of the nut, the distance L2 between the groove bottom of the bayonet groove and the axis of the nut is matched with the distance L1 between the outer end face of the positioning anti-drop pin and the axis of the bolt, so that when the nut is sleeved at the mounting position of the positioning anti-drop pin of the polished rod section, the positioning anti-drop pin is in transition fit or clearance fit with the groove bottom of the bayonet groove.
Optionally, a through hole penetrating through the axis of the bolt is formed in the tail end of the polished rod section, the positioning anti-drop pin is installed in the through hole, and the positioning anti-drop pin is in interference fit with the through hole.
Optionally, both ends of the positioning anti-slip pin extend out of the polished rod section, two bayonet grooves are symmetrically formed in the internal thread of the nut along the circumferential direction, and the distances L2 corresponding to the two bayonet grooves are respectively matched with the distances L1 corresponding to both end faces of the positioning anti-slip pin.
Optionally, the two ends of the positioning anti-drop pin have the same extension length; the groove depths of the two bayonet grooves of the nut are the same.
Optionally, the two ends of the positioning anti-drop pin have different extending lengths; the two bayonet grooves of the nut have different groove depths.
Optionally, the polished rod section is obtained by turning the screw section, so that the rod diameter of the polished rod section is smaller than the nominal diameter of the screw section.
Optionally, the anti-drop threaded fastener further comprises a washer.
Optionally, a bayonet is formed in the inner ring of the washer, and a distance L3 between the bottom of the bayonet and the axis of the washer is matched with a distance L1 between the outer end face of the positioning anti-drop pin and the axis of the bolt, so that when the washer is sleeved at the installation position of the positioning anti-drop pin of the polished rod section, the positioning anti-drop pin is in transition fit or clearance fit with the bottom of the bayonet.
Optionally, a boss is arranged on the inner ring of the washer, and the width of the boss is not less than the width of the bayonet groove of the nut, so that interference fit is formed when the boss is embedded into the bayonet groove.
Optionally, the side surface of the boss close to the outer ring of the gasket is an inclined surface.
Optionally, the boss is integrally formed with the gasket.
Optionally, the boss is a flanging structure obtained by flanging the inner ring of the gasket.
Optionally, the number of the bosses is the same as that of the bayonet grooves, and the distribution positions of the bosses in the washer are the same as those of the bayonet grooves in the nut.
Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a railway vehicle, wherein at least one threaded fastener in the railway vehicle is the anti-falling threaded fastener.
According to the technical scheme, the anti-drop threaded fastener comprises a bolt and a nut, the bolt comprises a head and a rod, the rod of the bolt comprises a screw section and a polished rod section, the screw section is located between the head and the polished rod section, and namely the tail section of the rod of the bolt is the polished rod section. The polished rod section is provided with a positioning anti-drop pin, at least one end of the positioning anti-drop pin extends out of the polished rod section, and the distance L1 between the outer end face of the positioning anti-drop pin and the axis of the bolt is larger than the 1/2 nominal diameter of the screw section, namely the outer end face of the positioning anti-drop pin should exceed the external thread of the screw section. A bayonet groove is formed in the internal thread of the nut, the distance L2 between the groove bottom of the bayonet groove and the axis of the nut is matched with the distance L1 between the outer end face of the positioning anti-drop pin and the axis of the bolt, and therefore when the nut is sleeved at the installation position of the positioning anti-drop pin of the polished rod section, the positioning anti-drop pin is in transition fit or clearance fit with the groove bottom of the bayonet groove.
According to the anti-drop threaded fastener provided by the invention, the positioning anti-drop pin and the bayonet groove are arranged, when the anti-drop threaded fastener is installed, the positioning anti-drop pin of the bolt can be completely aligned with the bayonet groove of the nut only by means of manual accurate alignment, and the nut can penetrate through the bolt polish rod and enter the screw rod section of the bolt. In the use, because it is not hard up to shake the nut slowly and rotate for a long time and appear, under the random rotation condition, the bayonet socket groove of nut is difficult just in time to aim at the location anticreep round pin on the bolt, even all aim at in the twinkling of an eye accidentally, also need apply the power of the fixed direction of a period of time on the nut continuously, just can make the nut overcome the bayonet socket groove and fix a position the frictional force between the anticreep round pin and drop, this kind of harsh condition can't appear under the vibration operating mode of in-service use process almost, thereby realize the nut anticreep effect. When the nut is disassembled, after the nut is screwed off from the screw section, the bayonet groove of the nut is completely aligned with the positioning anti-drop pin of the bolt only by manual accurate alignment, and then the nut can be disassembled by outwards pulling the nut.
Compared with the prior art, the anti-drop threaded fastener provided by the invention has the following advantages:
(1) according to the anti-falling threaded fastener, the positioning anti-falling pin and the bayonet groove are arranged, so that an excellent anti-falling effect can be realized, and the safety accidents of running, such as train overturn and the like, caused by the fact that the accessory falls into a rail due to the fact that the nut falls off from the bolt after loosening are effectively prevented.
(2) The anti-falling threaded fastener provided by the invention has the advantages that the structure is simple, the disassembly and the assembly are convenient, the assembly, the disassembly and the assembly can be completed manually, other accessories cannot be influenced in the disassembly process, and the anti-falling threaded fastener is particularly suitable for on-rail vehicles with narrow lower space.
(3) The anti-drop thread fastener provided by the invention can be completely disassembled without destroying the structures of the bolt and the nut, so that the anti-drop thread fastener can be repeatedly used.
(4) According to the anti-falling threaded fastener provided by the invention, the nut can fall off by overcoming the friction force between the bayonet groove and the positioning anti-falling pin only by aligning the bayonet groove of the nut with the positioning anti-falling pin on the bolt and continuously applying a force for a period of time in a fixed direction on the nut, so that the disassembly difficulty is improved compared with that of a common threaded fastener, and the occurrence of a theft event is prevented to a certain extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view showing a state of use of an anti-run threaded fastener according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view showing an installation process of the anti-run threaded fastener according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a bolt of the anti-run threaded fastener of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a nut of the anti-run threaded fastener of FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the washer of the anti-run threaded fastener of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a view showing a state of use of the anti-run threaded fastener according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a view showing a process of mounting the anti-run threaded fastener according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the washer of the anti-run threaded fastener of FIG. 6;
FIG. 9 is a view showing a state of use of the anti-run threaded fastener according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a view showing an installation process of the anti-run-off threaded fastener according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals: 100-anti-run threaded fastener; 1-bolt, 11-head, 12-rod, 121-screw section, 122-polished rod section, 123-through hole, 13-positioning anti-drop pin; 2-nut, 21-bayonet slot; 3-gasket, 31-bayonet, 32-boss; 200-a car body steel structure; 300-fitting.
Detailed Description
In order to make the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application pertains, the following detailed description of the present application is made with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of specific embodiments.
In order to solve the technical problem that the two technical effects of anti-falling and easy disassembly and assembly cannot be considered in the prior art, the invention provides an anti-falling threaded fastener, which is basically designed as follows:
an anti-drop thread fastener comprises a bolt and a nut; the bolt comprises a head part and a rod part, the rod part comprises a screw rod section and a polished rod section, the screw rod section is positioned between the head part and the polished rod section, the polished rod section is provided with a positioning anti-drop pin, at least one end of the positioning anti-drop pin extends out of the polished rod section, and the distance L1 between the outer end surface of the positioning anti-drop pin and the axle center of the bolt is larger than the 1/2 nominal diameter of the screw rod section; a bayonet groove is formed in the internal thread of the nut, the distance L2 between the groove bottom of the bayonet groove and the axis of the nut is matched with the distance L1 between the outer end face of the positioning anti-drop pin and the axis of the bolt, and therefore when the nut is sleeved at the installation position of the positioning anti-drop pin of the polished rod section, the positioning anti-drop pin is in transition fit or clearance fit with the groove bottom of the bayonet groove.
According to the anti-falling threaded fastener, the positioning anti-falling pin and the bayonet groove are arranged, so that an excellent anti-falling effect can be realized, and the safety accidents of running, such as train overturn and the like, caused by the fact that the accessory falls into a rail due to the fact that the nut falls off from the bolt after loosening are effectively prevented.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to several exemplary embodiments:
example 1:
in the embodiment of the invention, the anti-drop threaded fastener 100 is structurally shown in fig. 1 and 2 and comprises a bolt 1, a nut 2 and a washer 3, wherein the nut 2 and the washer 3 are sleeved on the bolt 1, and the washer 3 is positioned between the head of the bolt and the nut 2. That is, the anti-separation threaded fastener 100 provided by the present embodiment is used in the same manner as an existing threaded fastener.
Referring to fig. 3, the bolt 1 includes a head 11 and a shank 12, the shank 12 including a screw section 121 and a polished rod section 122, the screw section 121 being located between the head 11 and the polished rod section 122. The polished rod section 122 can be obtained by turning the tail section of the screw section 121 of an existing bolt so that the rod diameter of the polished rod section 122 is smaller than the nominal diameter D of the screw section 121.
The polished rod section 122 is provided with a positioning anti-drop pin 13, at least one end of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 extends out of the polished rod section 122, and the distance L1 between the outer end face of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 and the axis of the bolt 1 is greater than the 1/2 nominal diameter (1/2D, i.e. the radius of the external thread of the screw section) of the screw section 121, that is, the positioning anti-drop pin 13 should protrude out of the external thread of the screw section 121.
The positioning anti-drop pin 13 can be fixed on the polished rod section 122 by welding, inserting, bonding, screwing, and the like, and the specific fixing manner is not limited in the present invention. In this embodiment, the tail end of the polished rod section 122 is provided with a through hole 123 penetrating through the axis of the bolt 1, the positioning anti-slip pin 13 is installed in the through hole 123, and the positioning anti-slip pin 13 is in interference fit with the through hole 123, so as to ensure that the extending length of the positioning anti-slip pin 13 on the polished rod section 122 is unchanged during normal use.
Referring to fig. 4, a bayonet groove 21 is formed in the internal thread of the nut 2, and a distance L2 between the groove bottom of the bayonet groove 21 and the axis of the nut 2 is matched with a distance L1 between the outer end surface of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 and the axis of the bolt 1, so that when the nut 2 is sleeved at the installation position of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 of the polished rod section 122, the positioning anti-drop pin 13 is in transition fit or clearance fit with the groove bottom of the bayonet groove 21. In practical implementation, the distance L1 should be ensured to be less than or equal to the distance L2, and the difference between the distance L1 and the distance L2 should be controlled within 1mm, that is, the gap between the outer end face of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 and the groove bottom of the bayonet groove 21 is not more than 1mm, which not only ensures that the nut 2 can smoothly pass through the polished rod section 122 under the assistance of manpower, but also ensures that the nut 2 cannot slide down in a natural state.
Preferably, in the present embodiment, both ends of the positioning anti-slip pin 13 extend out of the light rod section 122. Correspondingly, two bayonet grooves 21 are symmetrically formed in the inner thread of the nut 2 along the circumferential direction, and the distances L2 corresponding to the two bayonet grooves 21 are respectively matched with the distances L1 corresponding to the two end faces of the positioning anti-release pin 13. This structure includes two embodiments: firstly, the protruding lengths L (L1-1/2 d, d is the rod diameter of the polish rod section 122) of the two ends of the positioning anti-slip pin 13 are different, and the corresponding distances L2 between the two corresponding bayonet grooves 21 are also different; secondly, the extension lengths L of the two ends of the positioning anti-slip pin 13 are the same, and the corresponding distances L2 between the two corresponding bayonet grooves 21 are the same, that is, the positioning anti-slip pin 13 is symmetrical relative to the axis of the bolt 1.
With respect to the first embodiment described above: because the nut is prevented from falling off by matching the positioning anti-falling pin 13 with the bayonet groove 21, under the condition, the bayonet groove 21 of the nut 2 is just aligned with the positioning anti-falling pin 13 on the bolt 1, the bayonet groove 21 is just embedded with the positioning anti-falling pin 13 aligned with the bayonet groove, and in addition, force in a fixed direction is continuously applied to the nut for a period of time, and the nut can fall off by overcoming the friction force between the bayonet groove and the positioning anti-falling pin under the harsh condition, thereby further improving the anti-falling effect.
With respect to the second embodiment described above: the condition of nut falling off is slightly relaxed compared with the first embodiment, but it is also required that the bayonet groove 21 of the nut 2 is just aligned with the positioning anti-falling pin 13 on the bolt 1, and a force with a fixed direction is continuously applied to the nut for a period of time, so that the harsh condition can ensure that the nut can fall off by overcoming the friction force between the bayonet groove and the positioning anti-falling pin, and the anti-falling effect can also be ensured. Moreover, the two-section symmetrical structure of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 is adopted, which is beneficial to the installation and the disassembly of the anti-drop threaded fastener 100.
Referring to fig. 5, a bayonet 31 is formed on the inner ring of the washer 3, and a distance L3 between the bottom of the bayonet 31 and the axis of the washer 3 matches with a distance L1 between the outer end surface of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 and the axis of the bolt 1, so that when the washer 3 is sleeved on the installation position of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 of the polished rod section 122, the positioning anti-drop pin 13 is in transition fit or clearance fit with the bottom of the bayonet 31. In practical implementation, the distance L1 should be equal to or less than the distance L3, and the difference between the distance L1 and the distance L3 should be controlled within 1mm, that is, the gap between the outer end face of the positioning anti-slip pin 13 and the bottom of the bayonet 31 is not more than 1mm, which not only ensures that the gasket 3 can smoothly pass through the polished rod section 122 under the assistance of human, but also ensures that the gasket 3 cannot slip off in a natural state.
As a preferred embodiment, the inner ring of the washer 3 is provided with a boss 32, and the width of the boss 32 is not less than the width of the bayonet groove 21 of the nut 2 to form an interference fit when the boss 32 is fitted into the bayonet groove 21. When the nut 2 is tightened, the boss 32 of the washer 3 is inserted into the bayonet groove 21 of the nut 2 to form an interference fit, so that the nut 2 and the washer 3 are integrated. During the in-service use, even satisfy aforementioned harsh condition of droing, because the bayonet socket groove 21 of nut 2 is impressed by the interference of packing ring boss 32, packing ring 3 can bear certain pressure, and location anticreep round pin 13 still can not pass the bayonet socket groove 21 of nut 2 completely to thoroughly stop accessories such as nut, packing ring and take off from the bolt pine, the possibility that drops, the setting of this boss 32 plays dual fail-safe anticreep effect.
In order to facilitate the insertion of the boss 32 into the bayonet groove 21, the side surface of the boss 32 close to the outer ring of the gasket 3 is an inclined surface which plays a guiding role in the insertion process of the boss 32. The boss 32 may be fixed to the gasket 3 by welding, inserting, bonding, screwing, or the like, or the boss 32 and the gasket 3 are integrally formed, and the specific fixing manner of the boss 32 is not limited in the present invention.
Preferably, the boss 32 is formed integrally with the gasket 3, and the boss 32 has a flanged structure obtained by flanging the inner ring of the gasket 3. The boss 32 can be obtained by flanging the inner ring of the gasket 3.
The number of the bosses 32 is preferably equal to or less than the number of the bayonet grooves 21, and the number of the bosses 32 is preferably equal to the number of the bayonet grooves 21, and the distribution positions of the bosses 32 in the washer 3 are preferably equal to the distribution positions of the bayonet grooves 21 in the nut 2. That is to say, the optimal scheme is that both ends of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 extend out of the polished rod section 122, two bayonet grooves 21 are formed in the nut 2 along one of the diameter directions, two bosses 32 are arranged on the inner ring of the gasket 3 along one of the diameter directions, and the bayonet 31 and the boss 32 on the inner ring of the gasket 3 are spaced by 90 °.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the anti-separation threaded fastener 100 provided by the present embodiment is used according to the following principle:
1. the installation process comprises the following steps: during installation, a bolt with the positioning anti-drop pin 13 penetrates through round holes of the accessory 300 and the vehicle body steel structure 200, the bayonet 31 of the gasket 3 is aligned to the positioning anti-drop pin 13 of the bolt, the gasket 3 penetrates into a bolt thread part, then the bayonet groove 21 of the nut 2 is aligned to the positioning anti-drop pin 13 of the bolt, the bolt polished rod section 122 is penetrated, the bottom of the nut 2 is in threaded contact with the top of a screw rod, the gasket 3 is lifted, and the top of the boss 32 of the gasket 3 with the taper falls into the bayonet groove 21 of the nut 2. Nut 2 rotates with washer 3 down screw section 121 until fitting 300 is compressed, at which point the washer 3 boss is fully pressed into the bayonet slot 21 of nut 2, creating a tighter interference fit.
2. The principle of falling prevention is as follows: due to long-term vibration, the nut 2 with the washer 3 slowly rotates to be loosened, under the condition of random rotation, the bayonet groove 21 of the nut 2 is difficult to be exactly aligned with the positioning anti-falling pin 13 on the bolt, and the top of the nut 2 is clamped by the positioning anti-falling pin 13 and cannot fall off. Even if the alignment is complete at an accidental moment, the positioning anti-release pin 13 cannot completely penetrate through the bayonet groove 21 of the nut 2 because the bayonet groove 21 of the nut 2 is pressed into the boss of the washer 3 in an interference manner and the washer 3 can bear a certain pressure. The boss of the washer 3 in the worst condition is extruded from the bayonet groove 21 of the nut 2, the nut 2 falls off, and the screw positioning anti-falling pin 13 is difficult to align to the bayonet 31 of the washer 3 and is propped by the circular arc part of the washer 3 without the help of manpower, so that the nut cannot fall off, and the dual-safety anti-falling function is achieved.
3. The disassembling process comprises the following steps: when the bolt is disassembled, a flat screwdriver is firstly inserted into a gap between the washer 3 and the nut 2, the boss of the washer 3 is forcibly pried out of the bayonet groove 21 of the nut 2 for separation, the nut 2 is rotated to withdraw from the screw section 121 of the bolt 1 and enter the polished rod section 122, the bayonet groove 21 of the nut 2 is aligned with the bolt positioning anti-drop pin 13, and the nut 2 can be withdrawn from the bolt. Similarly, the bayonet 31 of the washer 3 is aligned with the bolt positioning anti-slip pin 13, and the washer 3, the fitting 300 and the mounted car body steel structure 200 can be separated.
Example 2:
based on the same inventive concept, the present embodiment provides another anti-loosening threaded fastener 100, which is structurally shown in fig. 6 and 7, and includes a bolt 1, a nut 2, and a washer 3, wherein the nut 2 and the washer 3 are both sleeved on the bolt 1, and the washer 3 is located between the head of the bolt and the nut 2. That is, the anti-separation threaded fastener 100 provided by the present embodiment is used in the same manner as an existing threaded fastener.
Referring to fig. 3, the bolt 1 includes a head 11 and a shank 12, the shank 12 including a screw section 121 and a polished rod section 122, the screw section 121 being located between the head 11 and the polished rod section 122. The polished rod section 122 can be obtained by turning the tail section of the screw section 121 of an existing bolt so that the rod diameter of the polished rod section 122 is smaller than the nominal diameter D of the screw section 121.
The polished rod section 122 is provided with a positioning anti-drop pin 13, at least one end of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 extends out of the polished rod section 122, and the distance L1 between the outer end face of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 and the axis of the bolt 1 is greater than the 1/2 nominal diameter (1/2D, i.e. the radius of the external thread of the screw section) of the screw section 121, that is, the positioning anti-drop pin 13 should protrude out of the external thread of the screw section 121.
The positioning anti-drop pin 13 can be fixed on the polished rod section 122 by welding, inserting, bonding, screwing, and the like, and the specific fixing manner is not limited in the present invention. In this embodiment, the tail end of the polished rod section 122 is provided with a through hole 123 penetrating through the axis of the bolt 1, the positioning anti-slip pin 13 is installed in the through hole 123, and the positioning anti-slip pin 13 is in interference fit with the through hole 123, so as to ensure that the extending length of the positioning anti-slip pin 13 on the polished rod section 122 is unchanged during normal use.
Referring to fig. 4, a bayonet groove 21 is formed in the internal thread of the nut 2, and a distance L2 between the groove bottom of the bayonet groove 21 and the axis of the nut 2 is matched with a distance L1 between the outer end surface of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 and the axis of the bolt 1, so that when the nut 2 is sleeved at the installation position of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 of the polished rod section 122, the positioning anti-drop pin 13 is in transition fit or clearance fit with the groove bottom of the bayonet groove 21. In practical implementation, the distance L1 should be ensured to be less than or equal to the distance L2, and the difference between the distance L1 and the distance L2 should be controlled within 1mm, that is, the gap between the outer end face of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 and the groove bottom of the bayonet groove 21 is not more than 1mm, which not only ensures that the nut 2 can smoothly pass through the polished rod section 122 under the assistance of manpower, but also ensures that the nut 2 cannot slide down in a natural state.
Referring to fig. 8, a bayonet 31 is formed on the inner ring of the washer 3, and a distance L3 between the bottom of the bayonet 31 and the axis of the washer 3 matches with a distance L1 between the outer end surface of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 and the axis of the bolt 1, so that when the washer 3 is sleeved on the installation position of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 of the polished rod section 122, the positioning anti-drop pin 13 is in transition fit or clearance fit with the bottom of the bayonet 31. In practical implementation, the distance L1 should be equal to or less than the distance L3, and the difference between the distance L1 and the distance L3 should be controlled within 1mm, that is, the gap between the outer end face of the positioning anti-slip pin 13 and the bottom of the bayonet 31 is not more than 1mm, which not only ensures that the gasket 3 can smoothly pass through the polished rod section 122 under the assistance of human, but also ensures that the gasket 3 cannot slip off in a natural state.
In the anti-loosening threaded fastener 100 of the present embodiment, other structures, not described in detail, of the bolt 1 and the nut 2 are the same as those of embodiment 1, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
Example 3:
based on the same inventive concept, the present embodiment provides another anti-drop thread fastener 100, which has a structure as shown in fig. 9 and 10 and includes a bolt 1 and a nut 2.
The bolt 1 comprises a head 11 and a shank 12, the shank 12 comprising a screw section 121 and a polished rod section 122, the screw section 121 being located between the head 11 and the polished rod section 122. The polished rod section 122 can be obtained by turning the tail section of the screw section 121 of an existing bolt so that the rod diameter of the polished rod section 122 is smaller than the nominal diameter D of the screw section 121.
The polished rod section 122 is provided with a positioning anti-drop pin 13, at least one end of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 extends out of the polished rod section 122, and the distance L1 between the outer end face of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 and the axis of the bolt 1 is greater than the 1/2 nominal diameter (1/2D, i.e. the radius of the external thread of the screw section) of the screw section 121, that is, the positioning anti-drop pin 13 should protrude out of the external thread of the screw section 121.
The internal thread of the nut 2 is provided with a bayonet groove 21, and a distance L2 between the groove bottom of the bayonet groove 21 and the axis of the nut 2 is matched with a distance L1 between the outer end surface of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 and the axis of the bolt 1, so that when the nut 2 is sleeved at the installation position of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 of the polished rod section 122, the positioning anti-drop pin 13 is in transition fit or clearance fit with the groove bottom of the bayonet groove 21. In practical implementation, the distance L1 should be ensured to be less than or equal to the distance L2, and the difference between the distance L1 and the distance L2 should be controlled within 1mm, that is, the gap between the outer end face of the positioning anti-drop pin 13 and the groove bottom of the bayonet groove 21 is not more than 1mm, which not only ensures that the nut 2 can smoothly pass through the polished rod section 122 under the assistance of manpower, but also ensures that the nut 2 cannot slide down in a natural state.
In the anti-loosening threaded fastener 100 of the present embodiment, other structures, not described in detail, of the bolt 1 and the nut 2 are the same as those of embodiment 1, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
Example 4:
based on the same inventive concept, the present embodiment provides a railway vehicle, in which at least one threaded fastener is the anti-drop threaded fastener 100 of embodiment 1, embodiment 2 or embodiment 3. Other structures of the railway vehicle, which are not described in detail, are the same as those of embodiment 1, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
Through the embodiment, the invention has the following beneficial effects or advantages:
1) according to the anti-falling threaded fastener, the positioning anti-falling pin and the bayonet groove are arranged, so that an excellent anti-falling effect can be realized, and the safety accidents of running, such as train overturn and the like, caused by the fact that the accessory falls into a rail due to the fact that the nut falls off from the bolt after loosening are effectively prevented.
2) The anti-falling threaded fastener provided by the invention has the advantages that the structure is simple, the disassembly and the assembly are convenient, the assembly, the disassembly and the assembly can be completed manually, other accessories cannot be influenced in the disassembly process, and the anti-falling threaded fastener is particularly suitable for on-rail vehicles with narrow lower space.
3) The anti-drop thread fastener provided by the invention can be completely disassembled without destroying the structures of the bolt and the nut, so that the anti-drop thread fastener can be repeatedly used.
4) According to the anti-falling threaded fastener provided by the invention, the nut can fall off by overcoming the friction force between the bayonet groove and the positioning anti-falling pin only by aligning the bayonet groove of the nut with the positioning anti-falling pin on the bolt and continuously applying a force for a period of time in a fixed direction on the nut, so that the disassembly difficulty is improved compared with that of a common threaded fastener, and the occurrence of a theft event is prevented to a certain extent.
5) According to the anti-falling threaded fastener, the boss is arranged on the washer, after the nut is screwed down, the boss is embedded into the bayonet groove of the nut and is in interference fit with the bayonet groove, double insurance is formed through the washer of the structure, and the possibility that accessories fall off is thoroughly eliminated.
While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.

Claims (14)

1. An anticreep threaded fastener which characterized in that: comprises a bolt and a nut; the bolt comprises a head part and a rod part, the rod part comprises a screw rod section and a polished rod section, the screw rod section is positioned between the head part and the polished rod section, a positioning anti-drop pin is arranged on the polished rod section, at least one end of the positioning anti-drop pin extends out of the polished rod section, and the distance L1 between the outer end surface of the positioning anti-drop pin and the axle center of the bolt is greater than the 1/2 nominal diameter of the screw rod section;
a bayonet groove is formed in the internal thread of the nut, the distance L2 between the groove bottom of the bayonet groove and the axis of the nut is matched with the distance L1 between the outer end face of the positioning anti-drop pin and the axis of the bolt, so that when the nut is sleeved at the mounting position of the positioning anti-drop pin of the polished rod section, the positioning anti-drop pin is in transition fit or clearance fit with the groove bottom of the bayonet groove.
2. The thread-off prevention fastener as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the tail end of the polished rod section is provided with a through hole penetrating through the axis of the bolt, the positioning anti-drop pin is arranged in the through hole, and the positioning anti-drop pin is in interference fit with the through hole.
3. The thread-off prevention fastener as claimed in claim 2, wherein: two ends of the positioning anti-release pin extend out of the polished rod section, two bayonet grooves are symmetrically formed in the inner thread of the nut along the circumferential direction, and the distances L2 corresponding to the two bayonet grooves are respectively matched with the distances L1 corresponding to the two end faces of the positioning anti-release pin.
4. The thread-off prevention fastener as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the two ends of the positioning anti-drop pin have the same extension length; the groove depths of the two bayonet grooves of the nut are the same.
5. The thread-off prevention fastener as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the two ends of the positioning anti-drop pin have different extending lengths; the two bayonet grooves of the nut have different groove depths.
6. The thread-off prevention fastener as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the polished rod section is obtained by turning the screw section, so that the rod diameter of the polished rod section is smaller than the nominal diameter of the screw section.
7. The thread-off prevention fastener as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the anti-run threaded fastener further comprises a washer.
8. The thread-off prevention fastener as claimed in claim 7, wherein: a bayonet is formed in the inner ring of the washer, and the distance L3 between the bottom of the bayonet and the axle center of the washer is matched with the distance L1 between the outer end face of the positioning anti-drop pin and the axle center of the bolt, so that when the washer is sleeved at the installation position of the positioning anti-drop pin of the polished rod section, the positioning anti-drop pin is in transition fit or clearance fit with the bottom of the bayonet.
9. The thread-off prevention fastener as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the inner ring of the washer is provided with a boss, and the width of the boss is not smaller than that of the bayonet groove of the nut, so that the boss is embedded into the bayonet groove to form interference fit.
10. The thread-off prevention fastener as claimed in claim 9, wherein: the side face of the boss close to the outer ring of the gasket is an inclined plane.
11. The thread-off prevention fastener as claimed in claim 10, wherein: the boss and the gasket are integrally formed.
12. The thread-off prevention fastener as claimed in claim 11, wherein: the boss is a flanging structure obtained by flanging the inner ring of the gasket.
13. The thread-off prevention fastener as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein: the number of the bosses is the same as that of the bayonet grooves, and the distribution positions of the bosses in the washer are the same as those of the bayonet grooves in the nut.
14. A railway vehicle, characterized in that: at least one threaded fastener in the railway car is the thread-off prevention threaded fastener of any one of claims 1-13.
CN202011192719.1A 2020-10-30 2020-10-30 Anticreep threaded fastener and rail vehicle Active CN112460126B (en)

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JP2012215233A (en) * 2011-03-31 2012-11-08 Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The Nut holding tool
CN203822814U (en) * 2014-05-22 2014-09-10 乐清市精华紧固件有限公司 Bolt assembly
CN104088883A (en) * 2014-06-17 2014-10-08 成都市欣欣高强度紧固件制造有限公司 Anti-loose zinc-plating connecting pair
CN205806161U (en) * 2016-07-20 2016-12-14 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 A kind of bolt assembly
CN208073959U (en) * 2018-01-30 2018-11-09 天津市海斯特电机有限公司 A kind of detachable anti-drop bolt nut structure
CN210830075U (en) * 2019-10-12 2020-06-23 上海底特精密紧固件股份有限公司 Locking anticreep bolt and nut subassembly

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN201437813U (en) * 2009-06-04 2010-04-14 宁波金鹏高强度紧固件有限公司 Windmill fixing bolt
CN101825132A (en) * 2010-03-03 2010-09-08 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 Nut anti-dropping device
CN101825135A (en) * 2010-04-15 2010-09-08 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 Pressing sheet for fastening and fastening piece anti-loose structure
JP2012215233A (en) * 2011-03-31 2012-11-08 Chugoku Electric Power Co Inc:The Nut holding tool
CN102606608A (en) * 2012-03-31 2012-07-25 常熟南师大发展研究院有限公司 Anti-off bolt
CN203822814U (en) * 2014-05-22 2014-09-10 乐清市精华紧固件有限公司 Bolt assembly
CN104088883A (en) * 2014-06-17 2014-10-08 成都市欣欣高强度紧固件制造有限公司 Anti-loose zinc-plating connecting pair
CN205806161U (en) * 2016-07-20 2016-12-14 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 A kind of bolt assembly
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CN210830075U (en) * 2019-10-12 2020-06-23 上海底特精密紧固件股份有限公司 Locking anticreep bolt and nut subassembly

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