CN112458563A - High-thermal-conductivity radiation refrigeration fiber, preparation method thereof and fabric - Google Patents

High-thermal-conductivity radiation refrigeration fiber, preparation method thereof and fabric Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112458563A
CN112458563A CN202011336673.6A CN202011336673A CN112458563A CN 112458563 A CN112458563 A CN 112458563A CN 202011336673 A CN202011336673 A CN 202011336673A CN 112458563 A CN112458563 A CN 112458563A
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radiation refrigeration
heat
fiber
nano particles
radiation
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胡润
刘一达
罗小兵
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D01F1/106—Radiation shielding agents, e.g. absorbing, reflecting agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/088—Cooling filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D01F6/08—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • D01F6/12—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of halogenated hydrocarbons from polymers of fluorinated hydrocarbons
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04C—BRAIDING OR MANUFACTURE OF LACE, INCLUDING BOBBIN-NET OR CARBONISED LACE; BRAIDING MACHINES; BRAID; LACE
    • D04C1/00—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof
    • D04C1/02—Braid or lace, e.g. pillow-lace; Processes for the manufacture thereof made from particular materials

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of radiation refrigeration materials, and particularly discloses a radiation refrigeration fiber with high heat conductivity, a preparation method thereof and a fabric, wherein the radiation refrigeration fiber comprises a polymer substrate and heat-conducting micro-nano particles, wherein the heat-conducting micro-nano particles are uniformly distributed in the polymer substrate, and the particle size of the heat-conducting micro-nano particles is 0.1-5 mu m; the radiation refrigeration fiber with high thermal conductivity is suitable for preparing radiation refrigeration fabrics worn by human bodies. According to the invention, the polymer is doped with micro-nano particles, so that the thermal conductivity of the composite fiber can be effectively improved, and the micro-nano high-thermal-conductivity particles have better reflection characteristics in a solar wave band, and meanwhile, the radiation refrigeration performance of the fiber is enhanced; the radiation refrigeration fiber has excellent heat conduction performance, radiation refrigeration characteristic and mechanical property, and the preparation method is simple and convenient and is easy for industrial production.

Description

High-thermal-conductivity radiation refrigeration fiber, preparation method thereof and fabric
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of radiation refrigeration materials, and particularly relates to a radiation refrigeration fiber with high heat conductivity, a preparation method thereof and a fabric.
Background
With the rapid development of the world economy and the continuous improvement of the pursuit of human thermal comfort, the air conditioner has become one of the indispensable electric appliances in the family residence and the commercial building. With the popularization of air conditioners and the increasing of power levels, the energy consumption ratio of the air conditioners is increasing dramatically, and in the face of the problem of high energy consumption of space refrigeration, people begin to seek a more economic and environment-friendly refrigeration mode to realize zero-energy-consumption personal thermal management.
Radiation refrigeration is a passive refrigeration mode, the radiation refrigeration function is combined with a human body wearable fabric, and the personal heat management without energy consumption can be effectively realized, so that the radiation refrigeration fiber fabric has wide application prospect, but the existing radiation refrigeration fabric material still has certain limitation.
For example, a nano porous Polyethylene (PE) radiation refrigeration fiber is prepared by a professor group Cui of Stanford university, and is woven into a radiation refrigeration fabric through an industrial textile technology; the nanometer holes in the PE fabric are equivalent to the wavelength of visible light, the PE fabric has a good reflection effect on the visible light, meanwhile, the high-transmittance radiation characteristic of the PE in the infrared band is not influenced, and the skin temperature of the PE fabric covering the nanometer holes is 2.3 ℃ lower than that of the common cotton woven fabric in a test experiment. Chinese patent CN110042564A discloses a radiation refrigeration fiber film, which is prepared by adding high-dispersity silicon dioxide (SiO) into polymer solution2) The microsphere can improve the emissivity of the composite material in the infrared band, the composite material is made into a radiation refrigeration fiber film by an electrostatic spinning technology, and experiments show that the temperature of an object under the fiber film can be reduced by 1.6-2.7 ℃ relative to the ambient temperature. However, in order to realize high infrared emissivity or high infrared transmittance, the radiation refrigeration fiber usually adopts a high polymer material as a base material of the fiber, and the polymer material has extremely low thermal conductivity, so that an important heat dissipation path that skin conducts heat outwards through clothes is completely blocked, and the refrigeration effect of the fabric is limited; in addition, the current manufacturing process of the high-thermal-conductivity fiber materialIs complex and difficult to produce in large scale. Therefore, a fiber material suitable for cooling human body and having both high thermal conductivity and radiation refrigeration characteristics is needed, and the heat dissipation effect of the composite fiber fabric material is improved by coupling two heat dissipation modes of thermal radiation and thermal conduction.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a high-heat-conductivity radiation refrigeration fiber, a preparation method thereof and a fabric, and aims to mix high-heat-conductivity micro-nano particles in a polymer substrate material to ensure that the high-heat-conductivity micro-nano particles are uniformly distributed in the polymer substrate, so that the heat conductivity of the fiber is greatly improved, and simultaneously, the radiation refrigeration effect of the fiber is enhanced by controlling the particle size of the high-heat-conductivity micro-nano particles, so that the fiber has both high-heat-conductivity and radiation refrigeration characteristics.
In order to achieve the above object, according to a first aspect of the present invention, a radiation refrigeration fiber with high thermal conductivity is provided, including a polymer substrate and thermal conductive micro-nano particles, where the thermal conductive micro-nano particles are uniformly distributed in the polymer substrate, and a particle size of the thermal conductive micro-nano particles is 0.1 μm to 5 μm.
Preferably, the heat-conducting micro-nano particles are one or more of aluminum nitride particles, aluminum oxide particles, boron nitride particles and barium titanate particles.
As a further preferred option, the doping concentration of the heat conducting micro-nano particles in the radiation refrigeration fiber is 10 vol% to 50 vol%.
Preferably, the particle size of the heat-conducting micro-nano particles is 0.3-2.5 μm.
As a further preferred, the material of the polymer substrate is one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene glycol diformate, methyl methacrylate, polylactide and polyvinyl alcohol.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the above high thermal conductive radiation refrigeration fiber, comprising the following steps:
mixing the melted polymer substrate material with the heat-conducting micro-nano particles to uniformly distribute the heat-conducting micro-nano particles in the polymer substrate material to obtain a composite material; cutting the composite material into composite material master batches, and then carrying out melt spinning on the composite material master batches to obtain the radiation refrigeration fiber.
Preferably, in the melt spinning process, the composite material master batch is heated at the temperature of 260-290 ℃ to form a melt, the melt is sprayed to form a liquid trickle, and the liquid trickle flows through a cooling channel with the temperature of 40-50 ℃ and then contacts with air to be solidified to obtain the radiation refrigeration fiber.
More preferably, the spinning speed is 300 to 2000m/min when the melt spinning is carried out.
Preferably, the temperature is 250-300 ℃ when the melted polymer substrate material is mixed with the heat conducting micro-nano particles.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a fabric woven by using the above-mentioned radiation refrigeration fiber with high thermal conductivity.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:
1. according to the invention, the high-thermal-conductivity micro-nano particles are doped in the polymer substrate material and uniformly distributed in the polymer substrate, so that the thermal conductivity of the fiber is greatly improved, the thermal conductivity of the fiber can be improved by more than 4 times, the thermal conductivity can reach 0.24W/mK, and the thermal conductivity and heat dissipation capability of the fabric are improved; meanwhile, the fiber radiation refrigeration effect can be enhanced by controlling the particle size of the high-heat-conduction micro-nano particles, so that the fiber has both high heat conduction and radiation refrigeration characteristics.
2. The particle size of the high-thermal-conductivity particles doped in the polymer base material is further controlled, the particle size of the high-thermal-conductivity particles is close to that of a solar wave band (0.3-2.5 microns), the scattering effect of the particles in the wave band is more obvious, and the reflectivity of the composite fiber in the solar wave band can be effectively improved; secondly, AlN and Al are selected as heat conducting particles2O3、BN、BaTiO3The material has high infrared band emissivity, has small influence on the high infrared emissivity characteristic of the polymer substrate, achieves the characteristics of high reflectivity at solar bands and high emissivity at infrared bands, and is reinforcedRadiation refrigeration effect of the fiber fabric.
3. The doping concentration of the heat-conducting particles is controlled, the heat-conducting characteristic and the radiation refrigeration characteristic of the composite fiber with the small volume fraction are not changed greatly, the mechanical property of the fiber is affected by the large volume fraction, and the tensile property is poor.
4. The high-heat-conductivity radiation refrigeration fiber has both high heat conductivity and radiation refrigeration characteristics, is particularly suitable for manufacturing fabrics for cooling human bodies, and can reduce the absorption of the human body to solar energy and enhance the self external heat radiation when being worn by the human bodies, thereby achieving better refrigeration and heat dissipation effects; in addition, the high thermal conductivity of the fiber can quickly conduct the heat of human skin to the outer surface of the fabric, so that the temperature of the outer surface of the fabric is increased, the outward radiation heat dissipation of the fabric is further increased, and the fabric has excellent day and night radiation refrigeration performance.
5. The invention adopts melt spinning to prepare the high-heat-conductivity radiation refrigeration fiber, adopts physical blending in the process flow of the pre-material, has simple method, is easy for large-scale production, is more stable and easy to control, is matched with the existing textile industry equipment, and has high popularization.
6. According to the invention, the temperature of the spinning component in the melt spinning process flow is set, so that the viscosity of the melt can be effectively reduced, the rheological property of the melt can be improved, the subsequent cooling and solidifying effect of the fiber can be enhanced, and the tensile property can be improved; meanwhile, the polymer material in the melt is prevented from generating thermal decomposition and deterioration due to overhigh temperature to generate bubble filaments.
7. The invention sets the spinning speed range in the melt spinning process flow because the too high winding speed can cause the tensile property of the composite fiber to be reduced, thereby preparing the fibers with different yarn diameters according to different spinning speeds on the premise of ensuring the strength and the tensile property of the fiber, and selecting the fibers with different yarn diameters according to the requirements of different occasions for cloth, and the obtained yarn diameter range is wide and the adaptability is high.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a radiation refrigeration fiber with high thermal conductivity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent structure of a radiation refrigeration fiber fabric with high thermal conductivity according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the reflectivity of four kinds of fabrics prepared in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention in the solar energy band;
FIG. 4 is the emissivity of the human body radiation wave band of four kinds of fiber fabrics prepared in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention;
fig. 5 shows the daytime radiation refrigerating effect of the four kinds of fiber fabrics prepared in the examples of the present invention and the comparative examples.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein: 1-polymer substrate, 2-heat conducting micro-nano particles, 3-radiation refrigeration fiber and 4-radiation refrigeration fiber fabric equivalent structures.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The radiation refrigeration fiber with high heat conductivity provided by the embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a polymer substrate 1 and heat-conducting micro-nano particles 2, wherein the heat-conducting micro-nano particles 2 are uniformly distributed in the polymer substrate 1, and the particle size of the heat-conducting micro-nano particles is 0.1-5 μm, and is further preferably 0.3-2.5 μm; the radiation refrigeration fiber with high heat conductivity has high reflectivity in a solar band while having high heat conductivity, and has high emissivity in a human body infrared radiation band, so that the radiation refrigeration effect is achieved.
Further, the heat-conducting micro-nano particles are aluminum nitride (AlN) and aluminum oxide (Al)2O3) Boron Nitride (BN), barium titanate (BaTiO)3) One or more of; doping concentration of heat-conducting micro-nano particles in radiation refrigeration fiberIs 10 vol% to 50 vol%, more preferably 30 vol% to 45 vol%.
Further, the polymer substrate is made of one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), methyl methacrylate (PMMA), Polylactide (PLA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
Specifically, the cross section of the radiation refrigeration fiber 3 with high heat conductivity can be various shapes such as a circle, a triangle, a rectangle, a polygon and an irregular shape so as to adapt to different requirements; the radiation refrigeration fiber is particularly suitable for being made into radiation refrigeration fiber fabrics for human body wearing.
The radiation refrigeration fiber can be prepared by a hot drawing process, a wet spinning process or a melt spinning process, a melt spinning method is preferably adopted for preparation in consideration of process stability and simplified preparation flow, and the preparation process is optimized according to the characteristics of the radiation refrigeration fiber, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, adding the polymer substrate material particles into a pulverizer to be pulverized into powder, and adding the heat-conducting micro-nano particles into the powder to obtain mixed powder; and pouring the mixed powder into a double-screw extruder, setting the temperature to be 250-290 ℃, melting the polymer material at high temperature, uniformly mixing the polymer material with the heat conducting particles, extruding the mixed melt under pressure, solidifying the mixed melt through water bath to form a casting belt, and guiding the casting belt to a granulator for cutting to form the composite master batch.
S2, placing the composite material master batch in a vacuum heating box for drying, adding the dried composite material master batch into a melt spinning machine, controlling the temperatures of a screw feeding section, a compression section and a mixing section to be 110 ℃, 160 ℃ and 220 ℃, and setting the temperature of a feeding area to be lower, wherein the temperature is mainly used for preventing the master batch from softening and bonding too early to cause material blocking in the link; the temperature of the spinning assembly is set to be 260-290 ℃, preferably 270-280 ℃, and more preferably 275 ℃, the polymer is pyrolyzed and deteriorated by excessively high temperature, the melt viscosity is excessively high by excessively low temperature, the melt is difficult to transport, and the slurry leakage phenomenon caused by the pressure rise of the assembly occurs; the composite material master batch is heated to form a melt, the melt enters a spinning pump and then is pumped into a spinning nozzle, the melt flows out through small holes of the spinning nozzle to form liquid trickles, the temperature of a cooling spinning channel is set to be 40-50 ℃, the temperature is preferably 45 ℃, the trickles flow out from the spinning channel and then contact with air to be solidified to form composite material fibers, and the spinning speed is set to be 300-2000 m/min in the process.
S3, the radiation refrigeration fiber can be further made into radiation refrigeration fiber fabric, namely composite fibers with proper length and number are orderly arranged in a heald frame to be used as warp yarns, the warp yarns of a cloth roller are adjusted to enable the tension to be uniform, the fibers are wound on a shuttle to be used as weft yarns, the shuttle alternately passes through a shed channel to be woven in a reciprocating mode, and the radiation refrigeration fiber fabric is obtained by winding and leading off the shuttle on the cloth roller.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the equivalent structure 4 of the radiation refrigeration fiber fabric includes a polymer substrate 1 and micro-nano particles 2, the equivalent structure may utilize FDTD Solutions based on a time domain finite difference method to construct a three-dimensional cube, in which high thermal conductivity micro-nano particles of the same size are uniformly distributed, and the volume fraction of the high thermal conductivity micro-nano particles in the equivalent structure is a certain value, that is, the predetermined volume fraction.
The following are specific examples:
example 1
The polymer substrate material is PVDF, the high-thermal-conductivity micro-nano particles are aluminum nitride, the particle radius is 0.3 +/-0.03 mu m, the volume fraction of the high-thermal-conductivity particles is 50% at most due to the high-thermal-conductivity requirement, the high-thermal-conductivity radiation refrigeration fibers are obtained, and the thickness of a fabric formed by the fibers is 80 mu m.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a composite material: adding 270g of PVDF particles into a pulverizer, pulverizing into powder, uniformly mixing with 730g of aluminum nitride particles, pouring the mixed powder into a double-screw extruder, setting the temperature to be 290 ℃, melting a polymer material at high temperature, uniformly mixing with heat-conducting particles, extruding the mixed melt at the set pressure of 4.5MPa, solidifying through a water bath to form a casting belt, and introducing the casting belt into a granulator to cut to form the composite master batch.
(2) Preparing composite material fibers: and (3) placing the composite master batch in a vacuum heating box, and drying for 48h at 80 ℃. Adding the dried composite material master batch into a melt spinning machine, controlling the temperatures of a screw feeding section, a compression section and a mixing section to be 110 ℃, 160 ℃ and 220 ℃, respectively, setting the temperature of a spinning assembly to be 290 ℃, heating the composite material to form a melt, feeding the melt into a spinning nozzle after entering a spinning pump, flowing out through small holes of the spinning nozzle to form a liquid trickle, setting the temperature of a cooling spinning channel to be 50 ℃, and contacting and solidifying the trickle with air after flowing out from the spinning channel to form the composite material fiber. The spinning speed was set at 1000m/min, and composite fibers having a diameter of 80 μm were obtained by taking up the filaments by a winder.
(3) Preparing a composite material fabric: taking composite fibers with proper length and number, neatly arranging the composite fibers in a heald frame as warp yarns, adjusting the warp yarns of a cloth roller to enable the tension to be uniform, winding the fibers on a shuttle as weft yarns, weaving the shuttle alternately through a shed channel in a reciprocating manner, and winding and leading off the shuttle on the cloth roller to obtain the composite fiber fabric.
Effect simulation: a three-dimensional PVDF cube was constructed using FDTD Solutions, the thickness of which was determined to be 80 μm, in which aluminum nitride particles with a volume fraction of 50% and a radius of 0.3. + -. 0.03 μm were randomly arranged. The calculated reflectivity of the fabric in the solar band is shown as a solid line in FIG. 3; emissivity of the human body radiation band is shown as a solid line in fig. 4; the cooling temperature of the fabric calculated based on the energy conservation equation is shown in fig. 5 as a solid line.
According to the reflectivity and emissivity curves, the corresponding solar band weighted reflectivity is calculated to be 82%, the average emissivity of the human body radiation band is calculated to be 82%, and the maximum temperature drop is 1.0 ℃.
Example 2
The polymer substrate material is PVDF, the high-thermal-conductivity micro-nano particles are aluminum nitride, the particle radius is 0.3 +/-0.03 mu m, the volume fraction of the high-thermal-conductivity particles is 50% at most due to the high-thermal-conductivity requirement, the high-thermal-conductivity radiation refrigeration fibers are obtained, and the thickness of a fabric formed by the fibers is 150 mu m.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a composite material: adding 270g of PVDF particles into a pulverizer, pulverizing into powder, uniformly mixing with 730g of aluminum nitride particles, pouring the mixed powder into a double-screw extruder, setting the temperature to be 270 ℃, melting a polymer material at high temperature, uniformly mixing with heat-conducting particles, extruding the mixed melt at a set pressure of 4.5MPa, solidifying in a water bath to form a casting belt, and introducing the casting belt to a granulator for cutting to form the composite master batch.
(2) Preparing composite material fibers: and (3) placing the composite master batch in a vacuum heating box, and drying for 48h at 80 ℃. Adding the dried composite material master batch into a melt spinning machine, controlling the temperatures of a screw feeding section, a compression section and a mixing section to be 110 ℃, 160 ℃ and 220 ℃, respectively, setting the temperature of a spinning assembly to be 275 ℃, heating the composite material to form a melt, feeding the melt into a spinning nozzle after entering a spinning pump, flowing out through small holes of the spinning nozzle to form a liquid trickle, setting the temperature of a cooling spinning channel to be 45 ℃, and contacting and solidifying the trickle with air after flowing out from the spinning channel to form the composite material fiber. The spinning speed was set at 500m/min, and the composite fiber having a diameter of 150 μm was obtained by taking up the filaments by a winder.
(3) Preparing a composite material fabric: taking composite fibers with proper length and number, neatly arranging the composite fibers in a heald frame as warp yarns, adjusting the warp yarns of a cloth roller to enable the tension to be uniform, winding the fibers on a shuttle as weft yarns, weaving the shuttle alternately through a shed channel in a reciprocating manner, and winding and leading off the shuttle on the cloth roller to obtain the composite fiber fabric.
Effect simulation: a three-dimensional PVDF cube was constructed using FDTD Solutions, the thickness of which was determined to be 150 μm, in which aluminum nitride particles with a volume fraction of 50% and a radius of 0.3. + -. 0.03 μm were randomly arranged. The calculated reflectivity of the fabric in the solar wave band is shown as a long dotted line in FIG. 3; the emissivity of the human body radiation band is shown by the long dashed line in fig. 4; the refrigerating temperature of the fabric calculated based on the energy conservation equation is shown by a long dashed line in fig. 5.
According to the reflectivity and emissivity curves, the weighted reflectivity of the corresponding solar band is calculated to be 83%, the average emissivity of the human body radiation band is calculated to be 86%, the day refrigeration temperature is lower than the ambient temperature, and the maximum temperature reduction is 2.4 ℃.
Example 3:
the polymer substrate material is PVDF, the high-thermal-conductivity micro-nano particles are aluminum nitride, the particle radius is 0.3 +/-0.03 mu m, the volume fraction of the high-thermal-conductivity particles is 50% at most due to the high-thermal-conductivity requirement, the high-thermal-conductivity radiation refrigeration fibers are obtained, and the thickness of a fabric formed by the fibers is 300 mu m.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a composite material: adding 270g of PVDF particles into a pulverizer, pulverizing into powder, uniformly mixing with 730g of aluminum nitride particles, pouring the mixed powder into a double-screw extruder, setting the temperature to be 270 ℃, melting a polymer material at high temperature, uniformly mixing with heat-conducting particles, extruding the mixed melt at a set pressure of 4.5MPa, solidifying in a water bath to form a casting belt, and introducing the casting belt to a granulator for cutting to form the composite master batch.
(2) Preparing composite material fibers: and (3) placing the composite master batch in a vacuum heating box, and drying for 48h at 80 ℃. Adding the dried composite material master batch into a melt spinning machine, controlling the temperatures of a screw feeding section, a compression section and a mixing section to be 110 ℃, 160 ℃ and 220 ℃, respectively, setting the temperature of a spinning assembly to be 275 ℃, heating the composite material to form a melt, feeding the melt into a spinning nozzle after entering a spinning pump, flowing out through small holes of the spinning nozzle to form a liquid trickle, setting the temperature of a cooling spinning channel to be 45 ℃, and contacting and solidifying the trickle with air after flowing out from the spinning channel to form the composite material fiber. The spinning speed was set at 300m/min, and a composite fiber having a diameter of 300 μm was obtained by taking up the filaments by a winder.
(3) Preparing a composite material fabric: taking composite fibers with proper length and number, neatly arranging the composite fibers in a heald frame as warp yarns, adjusting the warp yarns of a cloth roller to enable the tension to be uniform, winding the fibers on a shuttle as weft yarns, weaving the shuttle alternately through a shed channel in a reciprocating manner, and winding and leading off the shuttle on the cloth roller to obtain the composite fiber fabric.
A three-dimensional PVDF cube was constructed using FDTD Solutions, the thickness of which was determined to be 300. mu.m, in which aluminum nitride particles with a volume fraction of 50% and a radius of 0.3. + -. 0.03 μm were randomly arranged. The reflectivity of the fabric in the solar wave band is calculated and obtained as shown by a short dashed line in FIG. 3; the emissivity of the human body radiation band is shown by the short dashed line in fig. 4; the refrigerating temperature of the fabric calculated based on the energy conservation equation is shown by the short dashed line in fig. 5.
According to the reflectivity and emissivity curves, the weighted reflectivity of the corresponding solar band is 83% and the average infrared emissivity is 91% through calculation, so that the refrigerating temperature in the daytime is lower than the ambient temperature, and the highest temperature is reduced by 2.7 ℃.
Comparative example 1:
the polymer substrate material is PVDF, is not doped with high heat conduction particles, and the thickness of the fabric formed by the fibers is 80 μm.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of polymer fiber: 1000g of PVDF master batch is placed in a vacuum heating box and dried for 48h at 80 ℃. Adding the dried polymer master batch into a melt spinning machine, controlling the temperatures of a screw feeding section, a compression section and a mixing section to be 110 ℃, 160 ℃ and 220 ℃, setting the temperature of a spinning assembly to be 260 ℃, heating the polymer material to form a melt, feeding the melt into a spinning nozzle after entering a spinning pump, flowing out through small holes of the spinning nozzle to form a liquid trickle, setting the temperature of a cooling spinning channel to be 40 ℃, and contacting and solidifying the trickle with air after flowing out from the spinning channel to form polymer fibers. The spinning speed was set at 800m/min, and a polymer fiber having a diameter of 80 μm was obtained by taking up the filaments by a winder.
(2) Preparation of polymer fabric: and taking fibers with proper length and number to be arranged in a heald frame in order as warp yarns, adjusting the warp yarns of a cloth roller to ensure uniform tension, winding the fibers on a shuttle as weft yarns, weaving the shuttle alternately through a shed channel in a reciprocating manner, and winding and leading off the shuttle on the cloth roller to obtain the polymer fiber fabric.
Effect simulation: a three-dimensional PVDF cube was constructed using FDTD Solutions, and the thickness was determined to be 80 μm. The calculated reflectivity of the fabric solar band is shown as a dot-dash line in FIG. 3; the emissivity of the human body radiation band is shown by a dot-dash line in fig. 4; the refrigerating temperature of the fabric calculated based on the energy conservation equation is shown by a chain line in fig. 5. According to the reflectivity and emissivity curves, the corresponding solar band weighted reflectivity is calculated to be 4%, the human body radiation band weighted emissivity is calculated to be 61%, and the cooling effect is avoided.
From the above analysis, under a proper fabric thickness (>150 μm), the high-thermal-conductivity radiation refrigeration fiber can achieve a solar reflectance of more than 80%, an infrared band emissivity of more than 86% for a human body, daytime refrigeration temperature lower than ambient temperature and maximum temperature drop of more than 2.7 ℃, and has good refrigeration and heat dissipation effects.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The radiation refrigeration fiber with high heat conductivity is characterized by comprising a polymer substrate and heat-conducting micro-nano particles, wherein the heat-conducting micro-nano particles are uniformly distributed in the polymer substrate, and the particle size of the heat-conducting micro-nano particles is 0.1-5 mu m.
2. The high-thermal-conductivity radiation refrigerating fiber according to claim 1, wherein the heat-conducting micro-nano particles are one or more of aluminum nitride particles, aluminum oxide particles, boron nitride particles and barium titanate particles.
3. The high thermal conductivity radiation refrigeration fiber according to claim 1, wherein the doping concentration of the heat conducting micro-nano particles in the radiation refrigeration fiber is 10 vol% to 50 vol%.
4. The high thermal conductivity radiation refrigeration fiber according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the heat conducting micro-nano particles is 0.3 μm to 2.5 μm.
5. A high thermal conductivity radiation refrigeration fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the material of said polymer substrate is one or more of polyvinylidene fluoride, ethylene glycol diformate, methyl methacrylate, polylactide and polyvinyl alcohol.
6. A method for preparing the high thermal conductivity radiation refrigerating fiber according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing the melted polymer substrate material with the heat-conducting micro-nano particles to uniformly distribute the heat-conducting micro-nano particles in the polymer substrate material to obtain a composite material; cutting the composite material into composite material master batches, and then carrying out melt spinning on the composite material master batches to obtain the radiation refrigeration fiber.
7. The preparation method of the radiation refrigeration fiber with high thermal conductivity as claimed in claim 6, wherein during the melt spinning, the composite material master batch is heated at a temperature of 260-290 ℃ to form a melt, the melt is ejected to form a liquid trickle, and the liquid trickle contacts with air to be solidified after flowing through a cooling channel with a temperature of 40-50 ℃ to obtain the radiation refrigeration fiber.
8. The method for preparing a radiation refrigerating fiber with high thermal conductivity as claimed in claim 7, wherein the melt spinning is carried out at a spinning speed of 300m/min to 2000 m/min.
9. The preparation method of the radiation refrigeration fiber with high thermal conductivity as claimed in any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the temperature of the mixture of the melted polymer base material and the heat-conducting micro-nano particles is 250 ℃ to 300 ℃.
10. A fabric woven from the high thermal conductivity radiation cooling fibers of any one of claims 1 to 5.
CN202011336673.6A 2020-11-25 2020-11-25 High-thermal-conductivity radiation refrigeration fiber, preparation method thereof and fabric Pending CN112458563A (en)

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