CN114351280A - Preparation method of aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber - Google Patents
Preparation method of aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber, which comprises the following steps: respectively metering and blending the fully dried N polyester master batch containing aerogel, the polyester chip and the antibacterial polyester master batch by an injection machine, and putting the fully dried N polyester master batch, the polyester chip and the antibacterial polyester master batch into a screw spinning machine for melting; the melted melt is distributed to a spinning box body through a melt pipeline, is accurately metered by a metering pump in the box body, and is conveyed to a spinning assembly by the metering pump to form melt filaments; circularly blowing the melt filaments for cooling, winding and forming; drawing, shaping, curling, cutting and packaging the formed fiber to obtain aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber; the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber prepared by the invention has light weight, heat preservation, antibacterial and bacteriostatic effects, can form composite cloth through blending, needling and the like, and has potential application value in the fields of clothing, home textiles, civil heat preservation and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of polyester fibers, and particularly relates to a preparation method of aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fibers.
Background
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers have been the most widely used and most consumed synthetic fibers worldwide due to their excellent mechanical properties, abrasion resistance, and dimensional stability, accounting for over 70% of synthetic fibers. With the improvement of the pursuit of people on the living quality, the use requirement of the polyester fiber is gradually increased, and when the traditional polyester fiber is applied to the fields of clothes, home textiles, interior decorations and the like, great potential safety hazard and lower comfort are brought to people. Therefore, research and development of polyester fibers with multiple functions and differentiation are hot spots in the textile field. The blending spinning technology can flexibly disperse the functional master batches into the polyester melt according to the requirements, and the polyester fiber with multiple functions and differentiation is prepared by heating, melting, blending and spinning, so that various functional requirements are met, and the blending spinning technology becomes a main modification method of the functional polyester fiber at present.
The aerogel is a novel nano material which takes air as a dispersion medium and nano particles as a framework, has the density of 1/7 of air, is the lightest solid in the world at present, has the porosity of up to 90 percent, has the characteristics of high specific surface area, high porosity, low density, ultrahigh heat insulation performance and the like, and is considered as the solid material with the best heat insulation performance at present. Therefore, the heat insulation material has wide application prospect in the fields of heat insulation, energy conservation, environmental protection, aerospace and the like. The silicon dioxide aerogel is the most widely applied aerogel at present, has the characteristics of excellent hydrophobicity, no toxicity, no corrosion of a flame retardant and the like, has a good heat preservation and insulation effect when applied to the field of heat preservation materials, and can lighten the characteristics of lighter fabrics, fireproof performance and the like.
The preparation of the antibacterial polyester fiber is usually carried out by adopting a melt blending spinning mode to prepare the antibacterial master batch and the polyester chip, the inorganic antibacterial finishing agent is a novel contact type antibacterial material, the development is in the 80 th century, the antibacterial polyester fiber has the advantages of high-efficiency antibacterial property, no toxicity, good heat resistance, broad-spectrum antibacterial property and the like, and the antibacterial finishing agent is paid attention to and mainly realized by metal antibacterial ions. The metal antibacterial ions penetrate through cell membranes by releasing a small amount of ionic metal and relying on coulomb force to enter the interior of cells, combine with intracellular enzymes and organize cell metabolism, thereby inhibiting cell division and proliferation activities and killing the cells.
Patent application with publication number CN110735194A discloses a silica composite aerogel, PET polyester fiber, and polyester fabric, which are prepared by melt co-spinning the polyester fiber and the silica composite aerogel to prepare the polyester fabric with light weight and good heat insulation performance. The patent application with the publication number of CN108330561A discloses a skin-core structure aerogel composite fiber, a preparation method and an application thereof, wherein a skin-core composite spinning technology is adopted, aerogel particles are taken as cores, and a polymer material is taken as a skin to prepare an aerogel composite material with a skin-core structure, so that the material is endowed with excellent heat insulation performance, heat preservation effect, sound insulation performance, adsorption filtration performance, thermal stability and the like.
The patent application with the publication number of CN109267168A discloses a composite antibacterial polyester fiber and a preparation method thereof, wherein the composite antibacterial polyester master batch and a regenerated polyester chip are subjected to melt blending spinning, and the composite polyester staple fiber has high content of a composite antibacterial agent and small influence on subsequent processing. The patent application with publication number CN113265717A discloses a method for manufacturing antibacterial polyester fibers, wherein antibacterial agents are added into alcohol solution before synthesis of copolyester after surface modification, so that the antibacterial agents are fully dispersed with polymers in the polymerization process, and the antibacterial polyester fibers with higher compatibility and dispersibility are obtained.
With the development of more and more functional fibers, the demand for fibers having two or more functional properties at the same time is increasing. How to effectively compound the aerogel and the antibacterial agent in the blending spinning process, avoiding the problems of compatibility check, poor dispersibility, easy agglomeration and the like between the inorganic antibacterial agent and the aerogel and the polymer, and the method for preparing the polyester fiber with light weight, high-efficiency heat preservation and effective antibiosis and bacteriostasis is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber, the prepared aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber has the characteristics of light weight, heat preservation, antibacterial property and the like, and silica aerogel and an antibacterial agent can be uniformly dispersed in polyester without influencing the spinnability and mechanical properties of the fiber.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a preparation method of aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fibers, which comprises the following steps:
respectively metering and blending the fully dried N polyester master batch containing aerogel, the polyester chip and the antibacterial polyester master batch by an injection machine, and putting the fully dried N polyester master batch, the polyester chip and the antibacterial polyester master batch into a screw spinning machine for melting;
the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
10-20 parts of N polyester master batch containing aerogel, 70-85 parts of polyester chips and 5-10 parts of antibacterial polyester master batch;
the melted melt is distributed to a spinning box body through a melt pipeline, is accurately metered by a metering pump in the box body, and is conveyed to a spinning assembly by the metering pump to form melt filaments;
circularly blowing the melt filaments for cooling, winding and forming;
drawing, shaping, curling, cutting and packaging the formed fiber to obtain aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber;
the antibacterial polyester master batch is selected from at least one of copper antibacterial polyester master batch, silver antibacterial polyester master batch and zinc antibacterial polyester master batch;
the preparation method of the N (2-10, preferably 3) th polyester master batch containing the aerogel comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, fully mixing silicon dioxide powder, a dispersing agent ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polyester chips in a mass ratio of (2-50): 1- (4-74), extruding and granulating to obtain first polyester master batches containing aerogel;
secondly, fully mixing, extruding and granulating the first polyester master batch containing the aerogel prepared in the first step and polyester chips in a mass ratio of (1.5-10): 1 to obtain second polyester master batch;
thirdly, repeating the second step for multiple times to obtain the Nth polyester master batch containing the aerogel; the repeating steps are as follows:
fully mixing the second polyester master batch obtained in the second step with the polyester slices in a mass ratio of (1.5-10) to (1), extruding and granulating to obtain a third polyester master batch;
fully mixing the obtained third polyester master batch and polyester chips in a mass ratio of (1.5-10): 1, extruding and granulating to obtain a fourth polyester master batch;
repeating the steps until obtaining the Nth polyester master batch containing the aerogel.
Respectively metering and blending the fully dried N polyester master batch containing aerogel, the polyester chip and the antibacterial polyester master batch by an injection machine, and putting the fully dried N polyester master batch, the polyester chip and the antibacterial polyester master batch into a screw spinning machine for melting; wherein the temperature of each zone of the screw is respectively 280 ℃, 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 295 ℃, 290 ℃ and 285 ℃, or the temperature of each zone of the screw is respectively 275 ℃, 280 ℃, 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 285 ℃ and 280 ℃ in the melt blending spinning process; or, the temperature of each zone of the screw in the melt blending spinning process is 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 295 ℃, 300 ℃, 295 ℃ and 290 ℃.
The melt after melting is distributed to a spinning box body through a melt pipeline, is accurately metered by a metering pump in the box body, and is conveyed to a spinning assembly by the metering pump to form melt filaments; wherein the box temperature is 280-285 ℃, the supply of a metering pump is 700-900 g/min, and the spinneret plate has 4T-1200 holes.
And cooling, winding and forming the melt filament by circular blowing, wherein the temperature of the circular blowing is 25-30 ℃, the air intake of the circular blowing is 500-700 m/min, and the winding speed is 800-1200 m/min.
The formed fiber is subjected to drafting, sizing, curling, cutting and packaging, wherein the drafting temperature is 60-80 ℃, the drafting multiplying power is 2-4 times, and the sizing temperature is 140-160 ℃.
The drying conditions of the N polyester master batch containing aerogel, the polyester chip and the antibacterial polyester master batch are as follows: the temperature is 120-140 ℃, and the time is 10-12 h; the water content of each dried substance is less than 200 ppm.
The particle size of the silicon dioxide powder is 200-400 nm; the density was 0.07g/m3The specific surface area is 700 +/-50 g/m2The porosity is more than or equal to 85 percent.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the density of the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber prepared by the invention can be as low as 0.91g/cm3Compared with the density of the conventional polyester fiber, the density is reduced by 27.55 percent; the room temperature thermal conductivity can be as low as 0.059W/m.k, which is reduced by 30.59% compared with the room temperature thermal conductivity of the conventional polyester fiber. Meanwhile, the antibacterial rate of the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber to staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli can reach 98.3% and 98% respectively.
The preparation method of the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber has the advantages of uniform product quality, stable performance, good weather resistance, washing resistance and the like in the aspects of production differentiation and multifunctional fiber, and the production process is simple, so that various requirements of people on fiber products are met. In addition, different functional auxiliaries can be added into the whole production line according to different requirements, and fiber products with different fiber sections can be spun, so that production of fibers with different properties, differentiation and functions is realized. The production process has low cost and high market competitiveness, and is suitable for wide popularization in research and development amplification of colleges and universities, enterprise innovation and the like.
The aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber prepared by the invention has light weight, heat preservation, antibacterial and bacteriostatic effects, can form composite cloth through blending, needling and the like, and has potential application value in the fields of clothing, home textiles, civil heat preservation and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an SEM magnified view of the polyester fiber master batch prepared in example 1, wherein a is a first polyester master batch, b is a second polyester master batch, and c is a fifth polyester master batch.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a manufacturing process of the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber according to example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below in connection with preferred embodiments. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A method for preparing aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber, as shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a production process route diagram of the preparation method of aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber in example 1, comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, fully mixing 17kg of silicon dioxide powder, 3kg of dispersant ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and 20kg of polyester slices, extruding and granulating to obtain first polyester master batches containing aerogel;
the particle size of the silicon dioxide powder is 200 nm; the density was 0.07g/m3The specific surface area is 700 +/-50 g/m2The porosity is more than or equal to 85 percent.
Secondly, fully mixing 40kg of the first polyester master batch containing aerogel prepared in the first step with 20kg of polyester chips, extruding and granulating to obtain second polyester master batch;
thirdly, repeating the second step for multiple times to obtain fifth polyester master batch containing aerogel; this example was repeated 3 times; the repeating steps are as follows:
fully mixing 40kg of the second polyester master batch obtained in the second step with 20kg of polyester chips, extruding and granulating to obtain a third polyester master batch;
fully mixing the obtained 40kg of third polyester master batch with 20kg of polyester chips, extruding and granulating to obtain a fourth polyester master batch;
fully mixing the obtained 40kg of fourth polyester master batch with 20kg of polyester chips, extruding and granulating to obtain a fifth polyester master batch;
fig. 1 is an SEM magnified view of the polyester fiber master batch prepared in example 1, wherein a is a first polyester master batch, b is a second polyester master batch, and c is a fifth polyester master batch; as can be seen, the SEM image of the first polyester masterbatch has distinct particles, which is related to the agglomeration of the aerogel, and the dispersibility of the aerogel is poor; the agglomeration phenomenon of aerogel in the SEM picture of the second polyester master batch is improved, and the particle size is reduced; comparing the SEM images of the fifth polyester mother particle containing aerogel, it can be seen that the dispersibility of aerogel is further improved, and no agglomeration phenomenon has been observed.
Fourthly, placing 10kg of the aerogel-containing N polyester master batch prepared in the third step, 85kg of polyester chips and 5kg of silver antibacterial polyester master batch in a three-dimensional mixer under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, fully mixing for 2h, and transferring the mixture into a vacuum drum dryer for drying for 12h, wherein the drying temperature is 120 ℃; the water content of each substance after drying is less than 200 ppm;
fifthly, respectively metering and blending the fully dried N polyester master batch containing the aerogel, the polyester chip and the silver antibacterial polyester master batch by an injection machine, and putting the fully dried N polyester master batch, the polyester chip and the silver antibacterial polyester master batch into a screw spinning machine for melting; the temperature of each zone of the screw in the melt blending spinning process is respectively 280 ℃, 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 295 ℃, 290 ℃ and 285 ℃.
The melted melt is distributed to a spinning box body through a melt pipeline, is accurately metered by a metering pump in the box body, and is conveyed to a spinning assembly by the metering pump to form melt filaments; the box temperature is 283 ℃, the pump supply of a metering pump is 770g/min, and the spinneret plate has 4T-1200 holes.
Circularly blowing the melt filaments for cooling, winding and forming; the temperature of the circular blowing air is 27 ℃, the air inlet amount of the circular blowing air is 580m/min, and the winding speed is 1000 m/min.
And (3) drafting, shaping, curling, cutting and packaging the formed fiber to obtain the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber. The drafting temperature is 65 ℃, the drafting multiplying power is 3.3 times, and the setting temperature is 160 ℃.
Example 2
A preparation method of aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber comprises the following steps:
the first to third steps are the same as in example 1.
Fourthly, placing 10kg of the aerogel-containing N polyester master batch prepared in the third step, 80kg of polyester chips and 10kg of silver antibacterial polyester master batch in a three-dimensional mixer under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, fully mixing for 2h, and transferring the mixture into a vacuum drum dryer for drying for 12h, wherein the drying temperature is 120 ℃; the water content of each substance after drying is less than 200 ppm;
fifthly, respectively metering and blending the fully dried N polyester master batch containing the aerogel, the polyester chip and the silver antibacterial polyester master batch by an injection machine, and putting the fully dried N polyester master batch, the polyester chip and the silver antibacterial polyester master batch into a screw spinning machine for melting; the temperature of each zone of the screw in the melt blending spinning process is respectively 280 ℃, 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 295 ℃, 290 ℃ and 285 ℃.
The melted melt is distributed to a spinning box body through a melt pipeline, is accurately metered by a metering pump in the box body, and is conveyed to a spinning assembly by the metering pump to form melt filaments; the box temperature is 283 ℃, the pump supply of a metering pump is 770g/min, and the spinneret plate has 4T-1200 holes.
Circularly blowing the melt filaments for cooling, winding and forming; the temperature of the circular blowing air is 27 ℃, the air inlet amount of the circular blowing air is 580m/min, and the winding speed is 1000 m/min.
And (3) drafting, shaping, curling, cutting and packaging the formed fiber to obtain the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber. The drafting temperature is 65 ℃, the drafting multiplying power is 3.3 times, and the setting temperature is 160 ℃.
Example 3
A preparation method of aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber comprises the following steps:
the first to third steps are the same as in example 1.
Fourthly, placing 15kg of the aerogel-containing N polyester master batch prepared in the third step, 80kg of polyester chips and 5kg of silver antibacterial polyester master batch in a three-dimensional mixer under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, fully mixing for 2h, and transferring the mixture into a vacuum drum dryer for drying for 12h, wherein the drying temperature is 120 ℃; the water content of each substance after drying is less than 200 ppm;
fifthly, respectively metering and blending the fully dried N polyester master batch containing the aerogel, the polyester chip and the silver antibacterial polyester master batch by an injection machine, and putting the fully dried N polyester master batch, the polyester chip and the silver antibacterial polyester master batch into a screw spinning machine for melting; the temperature of each zone of the screw in the melt blending spinning process is respectively 280 ℃, 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 295 ℃, 290 ℃ and 285 ℃.
The melted melt is distributed to a spinning box body through a melt pipeline, is accurately metered by a metering pump in the box body, and is conveyed to a spinning assembly by the metering pump to form melt filaments; the box temperature is 283 ℃, the pump supply of a metering pump is 770g/min, and the spinneret plate has 4T-1200 holes.
Circularly blowing the melt filaments for cooling, winding and forming; the temperature of the circular blowing air is 27 ℃, the air inlet amount of the circular blowing air is 580m/min, and the winding speed is 1000 m/min.
And (3) drafting, shaping, curling, cutting and packaging the formed fiber to obtain the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber. The drafting temperature is 65 ℃, the drafting multiplying power is 3.3 times, and the setting temperature is 160 ℃.
Example 4
A preparation method of aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber comprises the following steps:
the first to third steps are the same as in example 1.
Fourthly, placing 15kg of the aerogel-containing N polyester master batch, 75kg of polyester chips and 10kg of silver antibacterial polyester master batch prepared in the third step into a three-dimensional mixer under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, fully mixing for 2h, and transferring into a vacuum drum dryer for drying for 12h, wherein the drying temperature is 120 ℃; the water content of each substance after drying is less than 200 ppm;
fifthly, respectively metering and blending the fully dried N polyester master batch containing the aerogel, the polyester chip and the silver antibacterial polyester master batch by an injection machine, and putting the fully dried N polyester master batch, the polyester chip and the silver antibacterial polyester master batch into a screw spinning machine for melting; the temperature of each zone of the screw in the melt blending spinning process is respectively 280 ℃, 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 295 ℃, 290 ℃ and 285 ℃.
The melted melt is distributed to a spinning box body through a melt pipeline, is accurately metered by a metering pump in the box body, and is conveyed to a spinning assembly by the metering pump to form melt filaments; the box temperature is 283 ℃, the pump supply of a metering pump is 770g/min, and the spinneret plate has 4T-1200 holes.
Circularly blowing the melt filaments for cooling, winding and forming; the temperature of the circular blowing air is 27 ℃, the air inlet amount of the circular blowing air is 580m/min, and the winding speed is 1000 m/min.
And (3) drafting, shaping, curling, cutting and packaging the formed fiber to obtain the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber. The drafting temperature is 65 ℃, the drafting multiplying power is 3.3 times, and the setting temperature is 160 ℃.
Example 5
A preparation method of aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber comprises the following steps:
the first to third steps are the same as in example 1.
Fourthly, placing 20kg of the aerogel-containing N polyester master batch prepared in the third step, 75kg of polyester chips and 5kg of silver antibacterial polyester master batch in a three-dimensional mixer under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, fully mixing for 2h, and transferring the mixture into a vacuum drum dryer for drying for 12h, wherein the drying temperature is 120 ℃; the water content of each substance after drying is less than 200 ppm;
fifthly, respectively metering and blending the fully dried N polyester master batch containing the aerogel, the polyester chip and the silver antibacterial polyester master batch by an injection machine, and putting the fully dried N polyester master batch, the polyester chip and the silver antibacterial polyester master batch into a screw spinning machine for melting; the temperature of each zone of the screw in the melt blending spinning process is respectively 280 ℃, 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 295 ℃, 290 ℃ and 285 ℃.
The melted melt is distributed to a spinning box body through a melt pipeline, is accurately metered by a metering pump in the box body, and is conveyed to a spinning assembly by the metering pump to form melt filaments; the box temperature is 283 ℃, the pump supply of a metering pump is 770g/min, and the spinneret plate has 4T-1200 holes.
Circularly blowing the melt filaments for cooling, winding and forming; the temperature of the circular blowing air is 27 ℃, the air inlet amount of the circular blowing air is 580m/min, and the winding speed is 1000 m/min.
And (3) drafting, shaping, curling, cutting and packaging the formed fiber to obtain the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber. The drafting temperature is 65 ℃, the drafting multiplying power is 3.3 times, and the setting temperature is 160 ℃.
Example 6
A preparation method of aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber comprises the following steps:
the first to third steps are the same as in example 1.
Fourthly, placing 10kg of the aerogel-containing N polyester master batch prepared in the third step, 85kg of polyester chips and 5kg of silver antibacterial polyester master batch in a three-dimensional mixer under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, fully mixing for 2h, and transferring the mixture into a vacuum drum dryer for drying for 12h, wherein the drying temperature is 120 ℃; the water content of each substance after drying is less than 200 ppm;
fifthly, respectively metering and blending the fully dried N polyester master batch containing the aerogel, the polyester chip and the silver antibacterial polyester master batch by an injection machine, and putting the fully dried N polyester master batch, the polyester chip and the silver antibacterial polyester master batch into a screw spinning machine for melting; the temperature of each zone of the screw in the melt blending spinning process is 275 ℃, 280 ℃, 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 285 ℃ and 280 ℃.
The melted melt is distributed to a spinning box body through a melt pipeline, is accurately metered by a metering pump in the box body, and is conveyed to a spinning assembly by the metering pump to form melt filaments; the box temperature is 283 ℃, the pump supply of a metering pump is 770g/min, and the spinneret plate has 4T-1200 holes.
Circularly blowing the melt filaments for cooling, winding and forming; the temperature of the circular blowing air is 27 ℃, the air inlet amount of the circular blowing air is 580m/min, and the winding speed is 1000 m/min.
And (3) drafting, shaping, curling, cutting and packaging the formed fiber to obtain the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber. The drafting temperature is 65 ℃, the drafting multiplying power is 3.3 times, and the setting temperature is 160 ℃.
Example 7
A preparation method of aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber comprises the following steps:
the first to third steps are the same as in example 1.
Fourthly, placing 10kg of the aerogel-containing N polyester master batch prepared in the third step, 85kg of polyester chips and 5kg of silver antibacterial polyester master batch in a three-dimensional mixer under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure, fully mixing for 2h, and transferring the mixture into a vacuum drum dryer for drying for 12h, wherein the drying temperature is 120 ℃; the water content of each substance after drying is less than 200 ppm;
fifthly, respectively metering and blending the fully dried N polyester master batch containing the aerogel, the polyester chip and the silver antibacterial polyester master batch by an injection machine, and putting the fully dried N polyester master batch, the polyester chip and the silver antibacterial polyester master batch into a screw spinning machine for melting; the temperature of each zone of the screw in the melt blending spinning process is 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 295 ℃, 300 ℃, 295 ℃ and 290 ℃.
The melted melt is distributed to a spinning box body through a melt pipeline, is accurately metered by a metering pump in the box body, and is conveyed to a spinning assembly by the metering pump to form melt filaments; the box temperature is 283 ℃, the pump supply of a metering pump is 770g/min, and the spinneret plate has 4T-1200 holes.
Circularly blowing the melt filaments for cooling, winding and forming; the temperature of the circular blowing air is 27 ℃, the air inlet amount of the circular blowing air is 580m/min, and the winding speed is 1000 m/min.
And (3) drafting, shaping, curling, cutting and packaging the formed fiber to obtain the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber. The drafting temperature is 65 ℃, the drafting multiplying power is 3.3 times, and the setting temperature is 160 ℃.
Comparative example 1
Conventional polyester fibers are commercially available for comparison.
Comparative example 2
The polyester oligomer is used as a raw material, the composite antibacterial agent is used as a modifier, and a melt blending method is adopted to perform extrusion granulation by a double screw to obtain a primary product of the composite antibacterial polyester master batch. The weight average molecular weight of the polyester oligomer is 8000, the mass fraction of the composite antibacterial agent in the primary product of the composite antibacterial polyester master batch is 20%, the melt blending process conditions are that the melting temperature is 260 ℃ and the screw shear rate is 104s-1。
Comparative example 3
And (3) performing melt extrusion on 1 part of aerogel polyester master batch and 9 parts of fiber-grade PET polyester polymer at 270-280 ℃, cooling, and stretching, oiling and rolling at a stretching ratio of 5. Wherein the aerogel polyester motherThe granules are obtained by melt extrusion of 1.5 parts of silicon dioxide composite aerogel and 4 parts of fiber-grade polyester chips, and the silicon dioxide aerogel has a thermal conductivity of 0.0147W (m.k) and a density of 0.115g/cm3。
Comparative example 4
Example 1 of patent application publication No. CN112410922A is referred to as comparative example 4.
Selecting silicon dioxide aerogel microspheres: average particle diameter of 60nm, porosity of 85%, and specific surface area of 400m2G, apparent density 0.4g/cm3Drying the powder in a vacuum box at 60 ℃ for 6h, heating to 120 ℃ and preserving heat for 2h to ensure that the water content of the powder is less than 100 ppm. Grinding PET slices into powder with the average particle size of 10 μm, drying at 60 deg.C for 6h, heating to 120 deg.C, keeping the temperature for 4h, and drying to make the water content of the powder less than 100 ppm. EVA is used as a dispersing agent. Antioxidant 1010 is selected.
Mixing 80 parts of PET powder, 20 parts of silica aerogel microspheres, 1.5 parts of dispersing agent and 0.8 part of antioxidant in parts by mass, oscillating for 0.3h in ultrasonic, and stirring for 1h in a stirrer at a rotating speed of 150r/min to obtain uniformly mixed powder.
Mixing the dried and mixed powder with 70 parts by mass of PET slices according to 30 parts by mass, stirring and stirring for 1h in a stirrer at a rotating speed of 200r/min, adding the fully mixed powder into a screw extruder, and cooling and granulating to prepare aerogel-containing polyester fiber master batches; the temperatures of the zones of the screw extruder are 250 ℃, 260 ℃, 270 ℃, 270 ℃, 260 ℃ and 250 ℃.
30 parts by mass of aerogel-containing polyester fiber master batch and 70 parts by mass of PET chips are placed at 110 ℃ for vacuum drying for 3-5 h, the polyester is pre-crystallized, and then dried for 24h at 140 ℃ through a vacuum drum drying oven. Stirring in a stirrer for 0.5h at a rotation speed of 100r/min, uniformly mixing, and adding into a spinning machine for melt spinning. The temperature of each area of the screw in the spinning process is 270 ℃, 290 ℃ and 285 ℃; the box temperature is 288 ℃, the spinning speed is 700m/min, the drafting temperature is 80 ℃, the drafting multiplying factor is 1.8 times, the setting temperature is 140 ℃, and the prepared aerogel-containing polyester fiber has the advantages of lightness, good heat insulation performance, low water absorption, water washing and the like.
The results of the performance tests of the polyester fibers of examples 1 to 7 and comparative example are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
The results in table 1 show that the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber obtained by the preparation method of the present invention can maintain good tensile strength and elongation at break, the density and room temperature thermal conductivity of the prepared aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber decrease with the increase of the addition amount of the aerogel master batch, and the antibacterial effect of the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber is better with the increase of the silver antibacterial master batch. Therefore, the prepared aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber not only has the properties of light weight and heat preservation, but also has obvious antibacterial and bacteriostatic properties.
The results in table 1 show that, compared with the conventional polyester fibers sold in the market, the density and the room temperature thermal conductivity of the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fibers are reduced, and the good light weight and heat retention of the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fibers are ensured. Compared with the method of independently adding the aerogel master batch and the antibacterial master batch, the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention has the advantages of higher tensile strength and elongation at break, light weight, heat preservation, bacteriostasis and antibacterial properties.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
respectively metering and blending the fully dried N polyester master batch containing aerogel, the polyester chip and the antibacterial polyester master batch by an injection machine, and putting the fully dried N polyester master batch, the polyester chip and the antibacterial polyester master batch into a screw spinning machine for melting;
the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber is prepared from the following components in parts by weight:
10-20 parts of N polyester master batch containing aerogel, 70-85 parts of polyester chips and 5-10 parts of antibacterial polyester master batch;
the melted melt is distributed to a spinning box body through a melt pipeline, is accurately metered by a metering pump in the box body, and is conveyed to a spinning assembly by the metering pump to form melt filaments;
circularly blowing the melt filaments for cooling, winding and forming;
drawing, shaping, curling, cutting and packaging the formed fiber to obtain aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber;
the antibacterial polyester master batch is selected from at least one of copper antibacterial polyester master batch, silver antibacterial polyester master batch and zinc antibacterial polyester master batch;
the preparation method of the N polyester master batch containing the aerogel comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly, fully mixing silicon dioxide powder, a dispersing agent ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and polyester chips in a mass ratio of (2-50): 1- (4-74), extruding and granulating to obtain first polyester master batches containing aerogel;
secondly, fully mixing, extruding and granulating the first polyester master batch containing the aerogel prepared in the first step and polyester chips in a mass ratio of (1.5-10): 1 to obtain second polyester master batch;
thirdly, repeating the second step for multiple times to obtain the Nth polyester master batch containing the aerogel; the repeating steps are as follows:
fully mixing the second polyester master batch obtained in the second step with the polyester slices in a mass ratio of (1.5-10) to (1), extruding and granulating to obtain a third polyester master batch;
fully mixing the obtained third polyester master batch and polyester chips in a mass ratio of (1.5-10): 1, extruding and granulating to obtain a fourth polyester master batch;
repeating the steps until obtaining the Nth polyester master batch containing the aerogel.
2. The method for preparing aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber according to claim 1, wherein the fully dried N-th polyester mother particle containing aerogel, polyester chip and antibacterial polyester mother particle are respectively metered and blended by an injection machine and put into a screw spinning machine for melting; wherein the temperature of each zone of the screw is respectively 280 ℃, 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 295 ℃, 290 ℃ and 285 ℃, or the temperature of each zone of the screw is respectively 275 ℃, 280 ℃, 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 285 ℃ and 280 ℃ in the melt blending spinning process; or, the temperature of each zone of the screw in the melt blending spinning process is 285 ℃, 290 ℃, 295 ℃, 300 ℃, 295 ℃ and 290 ℃.
3. The method for preparing aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber according to claim 1, wherein the molten melt is distributed to a spinning manifold through a melt pipeline, is precisely metered by a metering pump in the manifold, and is conveyed to a spinning pack by the metering pump to form melt filaments; wherein the box temperature is 280-285 ℃, the supply of a metering pump is 700-900 g/min, and the spinneret plate has 4T-1200 holes.
4. The method for preparing aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber according to claim 1, wherein the melt filament is cooled, wound and formed by circular blowing, wherein the circular blowing temperature is 25-30 ℃, the air intake of the circular blowing is 500-700 m/min, and the winding speed is 800-1200 m/min.
5. The method for preparing aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber according to claim 1, wherein the molded fiber is subjected to drawing, sizing, crimping, cutting and packaging, wherein the drawing temperature is 60 to 80 ℃, the drawing magnification is 2 to 4 times, and the sizing temperature is 140 to 160 ℃.
6. The method for preparing aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber according to claim 1, wherein the conditions for drying the N-th polyester mother particle, the polyester chip and the antibacterial polyester mother particle containing aerogel are as follows: the temperature is 120-140 ℃, and the time is 10-12 h; the water content of each dried substance is less than 200 ppm.
7. The preparation method of the aerogel-containing antibacterial polyester fiber according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the silica powder is 200-400 nm; the density was 0.07g/m3The specific surface area is 700 +/-50 g/m2The porosity is more than or equal to 85 percent.
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