CN112451081A - 根据分段电极的接触的动态消融和感测 - Google Patents

根据分段电极的接触的动态消融和感测 Download PDF

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CN112451081A
CN112451081A CN202010817311.2A CN202010817311A CN112451081A CN 112451081 A CN112451081 A CN 112451081A CN 202010817311 A CN202010817311 A CN 202010817311A CN 112451081 A CN112451081 A CN 112451081A
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electrode
electrodes
tissue
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A·戈瓦里
A·C·阿尔特曼
I·西伯曼
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Biosense Webster Israel Ltd
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Abstract

本发明题为“根据分段电极的接触的动态消融和感测”。一种系统包括导管的可膨胀的远侧端部和处理器。可膨胀的远侧端部具有被配置成放置成与器官中的组织接触并向组织施加消融功率的多个电极。处理器被配置成在施加消融功率期间确定电极与组织之间的物理接触是否满足预定义的接触质量,并且如果所述电极中的电极与组织的物理接触不满足预定义的接触质量,则重新使用电极以用于电生理(EP)感测。

Description

根据分段电极的接触的动态消融和感测
技术领域
本发明整体涉及医疗探头,并且特别地涉及心脏射频(RF)消融和电生理(EP)感测多电极导管。
背景技术
先前在专利文献中提出了使用医疗探头来执行体内组织的温度监测消融的技术。例如,美国专利6,053,912描述了用于消融体组织的系统和相关联的方法,这些系统和相关联的方法采用用于接触组织以形成组织-电极界面的电极。电极适于连接到消融能量源以传导消融能量,以便将其在组织-电极界面处由电极传输到组织中。系统和方法还包括用于冷却电极的元件。系统和方法将组织温度感测元件保持在与组织-电极界面下方的组织热导接触的载体中。系统和方法包括控制器,该控制器耦合到组织温度感测元件,以至少部分地基于由温度感测元件感测到的温度来控制消融能量的供应或电极冷却的速率或同时控制消融能量的供应和电极冷却的速率两者。
又如,美国专利5,496,312描述了一种控制装置,该控制装置在组织干燥期间响应于电外科发生器的有源电极与返回电极之间的阻抗和温度。组织触点单独且独立地提供高频功率以便以电外科方式对组织起作用。一种控制方法通过向触点单独且独立地供应高频功率,监测、调节和控制触点与返回电极之间的阻抗来响应于组织阻抗。方法设定由每个触点施加的发生器功率,并且传输与传感器的每个触点的温度值,以调节触点功率。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种包括导管的可膨胀的远侧端部和处理器的系统。所述可膨胀的远侧端部具有被配置成放置成与器官中的组织接触并且向所述组织施加消融功率的多个电极。所述处理器被配置成在施加所述消融功率期间确定所述电极与组织之间的物理接触是否满足预定义的接触质量,并且如果所述电极中的电极与所述组织的物理接触不满足所述预定义的接触质量,则重新使用所述电极以用于电生理(EP)感测。
在一些示例性实施方案中,所述消融功率包括由射频(RF)发生器输出的RF功率和由不可逆电穿孔(IRE)脉冲发生器输出的IRE脉冲中的至少一者。
在一些示例性实施方案中,所述系统还包括切换组件,所述切换组件被配置成将所述电极在所述消融功率的发生器与EP感测系统之间切换,其中所述处理器被配置成控制切换组件以(i)最初将所述电极连接到所述发生器,以及(ii)随后将所述电极连接到所述EP感测系统,以便重新使用所述电极以用于EP感测。
在一个示例性实施方案中,所述电极中的每个电极包括多个电极区段,其中所述切换组件和所述处理器被配置成将所述电极区段中的任一个电极区段在所述发生器与所述EP感测系统之间单独地切换。
在另一个示例性实施方案中,所述系统还包括切换组件,所述切换组件被配置成最初使所述电极中的每个电极并联连接到所述消融功率的发生器和EP感测系统,其中所述处理器被配置成控制所述切换组件以随后将所述电极与所述发生器断开连接,以便重新使用所述电极以用于EP感测。
在又一个示例性实施方案中,所述电极中的每个电极包括多个电极区段,其中所述切换组件和所述处理器被配置成将所述电极区段中的任一个电极区段与所述发生器单独地断开连接。
在一些示例性实施方案中,所述处理器被配置成通过评估预设温度判据来确定所述电极的所述物理接触是否满足所述预定义的接触质量。在其它示例性实施方案中,所述处理器被配置成通过评估所述电极的测得温度与预设阈值温度的关系来评估所述预设温度判据。
在另一个示例性实施方案中,所述处理器被配置成通过评估预设阻抗判据来确定所述电极的所述物理接触是否满足所述预定义的接触质量。在另一个示例性实施方案中,所述处理器被配置成通过评定所述阻抗的频率相关性是指示所述电极接触血液还是指示所述电极接触组织来评估所述阻抗判据。
根据本发明的示例性实施方案,另外提供了一种方法,所述方法包括将具有多个电极的导管的可膨胀的远侧端部放置成与器官的组织接触。将消融功率施加到所述多个电极。在施加所述消融功率期间,确定所述电极与所述组织之间的物理接触是否满足预定义的接触质量。如果所述电极中的电极与所述组织的所述物理接触不满足所述预定义的接触质量,则重新使用所述电极以用于电生理(EP)感测。
附图说明
结合附图,通过以下对本发明的实施方案的详细描述,将更全面地理解本发明,其中:
图1是根据本发明的示例性实施方案的基于导管的定位跟踪和球囊消融系统的示意性绘画图解;
图2是根据本发明的示例性实施方案的部署在肺静脉(PV)及其口的区域中的图1的球囊导管的远侧端部的示意性绘画侧视图;
图3是根据本发明的示例性实施方案的示意性地描述图1的处理器控制的切换箱的功能的框图;并且
图4是根据本发明的示例性实施方案的示意性示出用于可互换地使用图2的球囊导管的分段电极以用于感测和消融的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
概述
为了用医疗探头(诸如心内射频(RF)多电极导管和/或不可逆电穿孔(IRE)多电极导管)进行高效消融,重要的是设置在导管之上的消融电极与被消融的组织良好地物理接触。例如,当具有多个消融电极的球囊导管用于消融器官中的组织(诸如肺静脉(PV)的口)时,通常所有的导管电极都被定位成接触PV。然而,电极中的一些电极的接触可能不足以进行有效且安全的消融。
类似地,用其它多电极导管(诸如套索导管(由Biosense Webster,Irvine,California)制造)或篮状导管),这些多电极导管也可使其电极的仅一部分与组织充分接触以便进行消融。
对于这些电极而不是消融组织,所施加的RF功率可能引起不期望的作用,诸如凝块形成。在IRE的情况下,可能发生不完全的PV隔离,但没有已知的不期望的作用。
在本专利申请的上下文中,术语“施加消融功率”涵盖施加RF功率和施加IRE脉冲两者。通常,消融功率包括由射频(RF)发生器输出的RF功率或由不可逆电穿孔(IRE)脉冲发生器输出的IRE脉冲。然而,单一发生器可被配置成可互换地输出RF功率和IRE脉冲。
下文所述的本发明的示例性实施方案提供以在空间上可选择的方式施加消融和电生理(EP)感测的技术。在一些示例性实施方案中,提供了可膨胀的多电极导管(例如,可充胀的球囊导管),该可膨胀的多电极导管包括被分成区段(即,被分成电极区段)的电极。还提供了处理器控制的切换箱(也称为切换组件)。在由电极区段施加消融功率期间,根据多电极导管的电极区段中的一个电极区段是否接触组织以及该一个电极区段与组织的接触程度,处理器可以通过控制切换箱来切换以重新使用电极区段作为传感器。在另一个示例性实施方案中,控制切换箱的处理器可以将电极区段在作为消融电极操作与作为感测电极操作之间切换,该感测电极被应用于例如采集心内电描记图信号(即,用于电生理(EP)感测)。
在一些示例性实施方案中,以多电极导管的示例的方式,球囊导管设置有置于球囊的膜上的十个电极。十个电极中的每个电极被分成四个区段,其中一个或多个温度传感器(诸如热电偶)位于每个电极区段上。最初,当导管被定位成与口接触时,切换箱连接每个电极的所有区段作为消融电极,并且RF消融功率被供应到电极。在将消融功率施加到电极区段期间,一个或多个温度传感器实时感测电极区段的上升温度。
每个电极区段的温度由处理器监测,该处理器接收由一个或多个温度传感器感测的温度读数。处理器使用预设温度判据(诸如温度读数相对于预设阈值温度的关系)来确定接触的充分性(即,确定电极中的任一个电极与组织之间的物理接触是否满足与组织的预定义的接触质量)。例如,如果电极区段的温度读数高于预设阈值温度(例如,由先前实验确定的阈值),则处理器确定电极区段与组织的接触良好,即,满足预定义的接触质量判据,并确定组织正被消融。在这种情况下,切换箱继续将电极区段连接到消融功率源。
另一方面,如果电极区段的温度没有上升到高于阈值温度,则处理器确定电极区段与组织的接触水平不充分(意味着消融能量主要加热血液)。在这种情况下,处理器控制切换箱以将电极区段从接收消融功率切换到充当感测电极。
在一个示例性实施方案中,一个或多个温度传感器中的一个温度传感器测量低于或等于阈值温度的温度以将电极区段切换成感测电极就足够了。在另一个示例性实施方案中,处理器将由一个或多个温度传感器感测到的平均温度与阈值温度进行比较,并且根据平均电极区段温度来控制切换箱。
在另选的示例性实施方案中,切换组件被配置成最初使电极区段中的每个电极区段并联连接到消融功率的发生器和EP感测系统。在判定给定电极区段与组织的接触水平不充分时,处理器被配置成控制切换组件以将电极区段与发生器断开连接。
在一些示例性实施方案中,消融系统另外地或另选地被配置成测量每个电极区段与组织之间的阻抗。系统的处理器分析测得阻抗的特性,例如血液和组织的阻抗的不同频率相关性,并且使用该分析的结果,为每个电极区段提供关于电极区段是与心脏组织直接电接触(即,触摸)还是不接触(例如,电极区段大多浸没在血液中)的独立评定。
当单独使用阻抗测量时,最初切换箱使所有电极中的所有电极区段连接为感测电极。导管被定位成与组织(诸如PV的口的组织)接触,并且测量阻抗。每个电极具有频率相关阻抗,该频率相关阻抗指示由处理器使用切换箱连接到消融功率源的组织。带有指示血液的频率相关阻抗的电极区段由处理器保持切换为感测电极。
在一些示例性实施方案中,恰好在施加RF功率之前,前述的基于阻抗测量的与组织的触摸指示可例如用于将多电极导管重新定位在管腔内侧以改善被确定为大多与血液接触的电极区段的接触。
用于使用对组织的频率响应的分析来感测电极-组织物理接触的技术在2018年5月29日提交的名称为“Touch Detection by Different Frequency Response of Tissue”的美国专利申请15/991,291中有所描述,该专利申请转让给本专利申请的受让人并且其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。在一个示例性实施方案中,处理器可使用此方法来分析采集的心内信号。然而,可使用利用由分段电极提供的电测量来评定与组织的接触水平的其它技术。
在一些示例性实施方案中,实时(即,在施加消融功率期间)测量和分析电极区段温度和阻抗。使用两个指示来确定电极区段是否可以用于消融或仅用于感测是否可以增强所公开的技术的临床选择性。
通常,处理器利用包含特定算法的软件进行编程,该算法使处理器能够执行上文列出的处理器相关步骤和功能中的每一者。
通过提供能够根据与组织的接触质量而切换的电极区段,所公开的分段球囊消融技术可以提供更安全且更有效的球囊消融治疗。这继而可改善心脏球囊消融治疗的临床结果,诸如治疗心律失常的肺静脉(PV)隔离的临床结果。
系统描述
图1是根据本发明的示例性实施方案的基于导管的定位跟踪和球囊消融系统20的示意性绘画图解。系统20包括导管21,该导管在导管的轴22的远侧端部22a处适配有包括分段电极50(参见插图25)的RF消融可膨胀的球囊40。在本文所述的示例性实施方案中,分段电极50用于消融心脏26中的PV的口51的组织。
导管21的近端连接到包括消融功率源45的控制台24。控制台24包括切换箱46(也称为切换组件),该切换箱可以将分段电极50中的任一个区段在充当消融电极与充当感测电极之间切换。包括消融参数(包括预设温度和/或阻抗判据)的消融方案存储在控制台24的存储器48中。
医师30将轴22的远侧端部22a通过护套23插入到躺在工作台29上的患者28的心脏26中。医师30通过使用靠近导管的近端的操纵器32和/或从护套23的偏转操纵轴22来将轴22的远侧端部导航到心脏26中的目标位置。在远侧端部22a的插入期间,球囊40由护套23保持在塌缩构型中。通过将球囊40包含在塌缩构型中,护套23还用于使目标位置沿途的血管创伤最小化。
一旦轴22的远侧端部22a已到达目标位置,医师30就缩回护套23并使球囊40充胀,并且进一步操纵轴22以将设置在球囊40的周边之上的分段电极50放置成与肺静脉的口51接触。
电极50通过穿过轴22的导线连接到控制位于控制台24中的接口电路44的切换箱46的处理器41。为了执行其功能,处理器41包括消融电极阻抗感测模块47和温度感测模块49。
阻抗感测模块47接收在分段电极50与表面电极38之间测量的电阻抗信号,在示例性系统中,这些表面电极被看作由穿过缆线37到达患者28的胸部的导线附接。用于使用测得阻抗跟踪电极50的位置的方法在各种医疗应用中实现,例如在由Biosense-Webster(Irvine,California)生产的CARTOTM系统中实现,并且详细地描述于美国专利7,756,576、7,869,865、7,848,787和8,456,182中,其公开内容均以引用方式并入本文。这种方法有时称为高级导管定位(ACL)。控制台24驱动显示器27,该显示器显示球囊40在心脏26内侧的跟踪位置。
如插图25中进一步所示,远侧端部22a包括磁位置传感器39,该磁位置传感器包含在远侧端部22a内、恰好在可膨胀的球囊40的近侧。在远侧端部22a在心脏26中的导航期间,控制台24响应于来自外部场发生器36的磁场,接收来自磁性传感器39的信号,例如,用于测量消融球囊40在心脏中的位置,并且任选地,将跟踪位置呈现在显示器27上。磁场发生器36放置在患者28外部的已知位置处,例如,在患者的工作台29下方。控制台24还包括被配置成驱动磁场发生器36的驱动电路34。
使用外部磁场的位置感测方法在各种医疗应用中实现,例如在由BiosenseWebster生产的CARTOTM系统中实现,并且详细地描述于美国专利5,391,199、6,690,963、6,484,118、6,239,724、6,618,612和6,332,089、PCT专利公布WO 96/05768以及美国专利申请公布2002/0065455 A1、2003/0120150 A1和2004/0068178 A1中,其公开内容均以引用方式并入本文。
如上文所指出,控制台24包括:处理器41,通常为通用计算机,具有合适的前端部;以及接口电路44,用于接收来自导管21的信号,以及用于经由导管21将RF能量治疗施加于心脏26的左心房,并用于控制系统20的其它部件。处理器41通常包括系统20的存储器48中的软件,该软件被编程为实施本文所述的功能。该软件可通过网络以电子形式被下载到计算机,例如或者其可另选地或另外地设置和/或存储在非临时性有形介质(诸如磁存储器、光存储器或电子存储器)上。具体地,处理器41运行如本文所公开的包括在图4中的专用算法,该专用算法使得处理器41能够执行所公开的步骤,如下文进一步所述。
根据分段电极的接触的动态消融和感测
图2是根据本发明的示例性实施方案的部署在肺静脉(PV)及其口51的区域中的图1的球囊导管的示意性绘画侧视图。球囊导管用于消融口51组织以隔离心律失常的源。球囊40具有设置在球囊的膜71之上的十个分段电极50。RF功率可以独立于十个电极50中的每个电极的四个电极区段55中的每个电极区段而从消融功率源45递送出,这取决于在消融期间每个区段55与组织的物理接触水平。
电极区段55中的每个电极区段适配有温度传感器57,以便在消融期间监测电极区段55的温度。虽然图2示出了每个电极区段55的单一温度传感器57,但是通常若干温度传感器57设置在每个电极区段55之上。可使用每个电极区段的最低温度读数或平均温度读数来确定区段55与组织的物理接触质量。
如图2中所见,电极区段55a未与组织良好接触。基于在消融期间来自传感器57a的温度读数低于或等于预设阈值温度,处理器41确定电极区段55a的物理接触不充分。响应地,处理器41控制切换箱46以将电极区段55a切换成感测电极。
在另选的示例性实施方案中,切换箱46最初将所有电极50的所有电极区段55并联连接到消融功率源45和EP感测系统。在判定给定电极区段55与组织的接触水平不充分时,处理器41控制切换箱46以将电极区段与发生器断开连接,并且以这种方式促进重新使用该电极区段以用于EP感测。
图2中所示的绘画侧视图是以示例的方式选择的,其中其它实施方案也是可能的。例如,在另一个示例性实施方案中,冷却流体经由电极50中的灌洗孔(未示出)喷射以冷却所消融的组织。虽然图2描述了多电极球囊导管,但是所公开的技术的原理也适用于具有适配有多个电极的远侧端部的任何导管,诸如前述的套索导管和篮状导管。
图3是根据本发明的示例性实施方案的示意性地描述图1的处理器控制的切换箱46的功能的框图。如图所见,响应于处理器41的命令,切换箱46将电极区段连接到消融功率或将电极区段连接为感测电极。例如,切换箱46将电极区段连接到系统20的位置感测子系统,以提供待与前述的ACL位置跟踪方法一起使用的信号位置。
高度简化了图3的框图以保持展示的清晰性。因此省略了不直接有助于清晰展示的系统元件。
图4是根据本发明的示例性实施方案的示意性示出用于可互换地使用图2的球囊导管的分段电极以用于感测和消融的方法的流程图。根据所展示的示例性实施方案,算法实施过程,该过程始于在球囊导管定位步骤80处,当医师30将球囊导管定位在患者的管腔内的目标位置处(诸如在口51处)时。接下来,在球囊充胀步骤82处,医师30使球囊40充胀以在管腔的整个周长上使管腔壁与电极区段55接触。
接下来,在消融步骤84处,医师30连接电极50的所有区段55并向每个电极50提供RF消融功率。在随后的温度监测步骤86处,处理器41使用来自一个或多个温度传感器57的测量结果来监测每个电极区段55的所得温度。在区段温度检查步骤88处,处理器41将来自每个区段上的传感器57的温度读数与预设阈值温度进行比较。
如果区段温度高于预设阈值,这意味着电极区段与所消融的组织良好接触,则在消融继续步骤90处,处理器控制切换箱46以将区段操作保持为消融电极。另一方面,如果区段温度低于或等于预设温度阈值,则在切换步骤92处,处理器41控制切换箱46以停止向区段供应RF功率并切换区段以作为感测电极操作。
图4中所示的示例性流程图完全是为了概念清晰而选择的。在另选的实施方案中,可执行另外的步骤,诸如处理器41监测区段的测得阻抗,并且根据测得阻抗起作用,如上所述。虽然图4描述了使用多电极球囊导管的方法,但是本公开的原理也适用于具有适配有多个电极的远侧端部的任何导管,诸如前述的套索导管和篮状导管。
尽管本文所述的实施方案主要涉及肺静脉隔离,但是本文所述的方法和系统也可以用于需要确定闭塞的其它应用,诸如像肾神经切除,并且通常用于消融其它器官。
因此应当理解,上面描述的实施方案以举例的方式被引用,并且本发明不限于上文特定示出和描述的内容。相反,本发明的范围包括上文描述的各种特征的组合和子组合以及它们的变型和修改,本领域的技术人员在阅读上述描述时将会想到该变型和修改,并且该变型和修改并未在现有技术中公开。以引用方式并入本专利申请的文献被视为本申请的整体部分,不同的是如果这些并入的文献中限定的任何术语与本说明书中明确或隐含地给出的定义相冲突,则应仅考虑本说明书中的定义。

Claims (20)

1.一种系统,包括:
导管的可膨胀的远侧端部,所述可膨胀的远侧端部具有被配置成放置成与器官中的组织接触并向组织施加消融功率的多个电极;和
处理器,所述处理器被配置成:
在施加所述消融功率期间,确定所述电极与组织之间的物理接触是否满足预定义的接触质量;以及
如果所述电极中的电极与所述组织的所述物理接触不满足所述预定义的接触质量,则重新使用所述电极以用于电生理(EP)感测。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述消融功率包括由射频(RF)发生器输出的RF功率和由不可逆电穿孔(IRE)脉冲发生器输出的IRE脉冲中的至少一者。
3.根据权利要求1所述的系统,并且包括切换组件,所述切换组件被配置成将所述电极在所述消融功率的发生器与EP感测系统之间切换,其中所述处理器被配置成控制所述切换组件以(i)最初将所述电极连接到所述发生器,以及(ii)随后将所述电极连接到所述EP感测系统,以便重新使用所述电极以用于EP感测。
4.根据权利要求3所述的系统,其中所述电极中的每个电极包括多个电极区段,并且其中所述切换组件和所述处理器被配置成将所述电极区段中的任一个电极区段在所述发生器与所述EP感测系统之间单独地切换。
5.根据权利要求1所述的系统,并且包括切换组件,所述切换组件被配置成最初使所述电极中的每个电极并联连接到所述消融功率的发生器和EP感测系统,其中所述处理器被配置成控制所述切换组件以随后将所述电极与所述发生器断开连接,以便重新使用所述电极以用于EP感测。
6.根据权利要求5所述的系统,其中所述电极中的每个电极包括多个电极区段,并且其中所述切换组件和所述处理器被配置成将所述电极区段中的任一个电极区段与所述发生器单独地断开连接。
7.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述处理器被配置成通过评估预设温度判据来确定所述电极的所述物理接触是否满足所述预定义的接触质量。
8.根据权利要求7所述的系统,其中所述处理器被配置成通过评估所述电极的测得温度与预设阈值温度的关系来评估所述预设温度判据。
9.根据权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述处理器被配置成通过评估预设阻抗判据来确定所述电极的所述物理接触是否满足所述预定义的接触质量。
10.根据权利要求9所述的系统,其中所述处理器被配置成通过评定所述阻抗的频率相关性是指示所述电极接触血液还是指示所述电极接触组织来评估所述阻抗判据。
11.一种方法,包括:
将导管的具有多个电极的可膨胀的远侧端部放置成与器官的组织接触;
向所述多个电极施加消融功率;
在施加所述消融功率期间,确定所述电极与所述组织之间的物理接触是否满足预定义的接触质量;以及
如果所述电极中的电极与所述组织的所述物理接触不满足所述预定义的接触质量,则重新使用所述电极以用于电生理(EP)感测。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中施加所述消融功率包括施加射频(RF)消融功率和施加不可逆电穿孔(IRE)脉冲中的至少一者。
13.根据权利要求11所述的方法,并且包括:使用切换组件将所述电极在所述消融功率的发生器与EP感测系统之间切换,并且控制所述切换组件以(i)最初将所述电极连接到所述发生器,以及(ii)随后将所述电极连接到所述EP感测系统,以便重新使用所述电极以用于EP感测。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述电极中的每个电极包括多个电极区段,并且其中控制所述切换组件包括将所述电极区段中的任一个电极区段在所述发生器与所述EP感测系统之间单独地切换。
15.根据权利要求11所述的方法,并且包括:使用切换组件最初使所述电极中的每个电极并联连接到所述消融功率的发生器和EP感测系统,并且控制所述切换组件以随后将所述电极与所述发生器断开连接,以便重新使用所述电极以用于EP感测。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述电极中的每个电极包括多个电极区段,并且其中控制所述切换组件包括将所述电极区段中的任一个电极区段与所述发生器单独地断开连接。
17.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中确定所述电极的所述物理接触是否满足所述预定义的接触质量包括评估预设温度判据。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中评估所述预设温度判据包括评估所述电极的测得温度与预设阈值温度的关系。
19.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中确定所述电极的所述物理接触是否满足所述预定义的接触质量包括评估预设阻抗判据。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法,评估所述预设阻抗包括评定所述阻抗的频率相关性是指示所述电极接触血液还是指示所述电极接触组织。
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