CN112444845A - Method for improving seismic record quality - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the quality of seismic records, which comprises the steps of firstly obtaining a detector and earth surface coupling convolution factor in a certain earth surface type through experiments and calculation, and then performing convolution on the detector and earth surface coupling convolution factor and seismic records of the same earth surface type at corresponding positions, thereby obtaining the seismic records with higher quality. By the method, the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution ratio of the seismic record are improved, the problems of weak recording energy, more side lobes and the like under the condition that the geophone is not well coupled with the ground are solved, the seismic record quality is improved, the imaging of an underground target is clearer and more distinguishable, the underground petroleum resource can be found more accurately, and the position of an oil-gas reservoir can be found.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas geophysical exploration, in particular to a method for improving seismic record quality.
Background
In current seismic exploration technology, receiving is a very important problem, and the quality of subsequent wave field information imaging can be guaranteed only by optimally receiving earth surface vibration signals. In the past, only the performance research of the detector is emphasized, and the coupling factor of the detector and the earth is ignored. If the coupling between the geophone and the ground is not good, the performance advantage of the geophone cannot be exerted, so that the seismic recording quality is poor, the energy is weak, the vibration duration is long, side lobes are more, and the seismic recording resolution is reduced.
The signal transmission process of the geophone and the earth is in convolution relation, the convolution factor exists, and the convolution factor is worked out and is applied to the seismic record, so that the signal loss in the process of transmitting the seismic signal from the earth surface to the geophone can be reduced to the maximum extent.
The convolution algorithm is a general method in the field of seismic exploration, and has a plurality of different convolution methods, the difference is that the selection of convolution factors is different, and is just like that multiplication is the most common calculation method of mathematics, only the selection of multipliers is different, the difference of multipliers causes the difference of final results, convolution is the same reason, the selection of convolution factors is the most important and the most difficult, and the quality of seismic data can be improved by selecting a correct convolution factor.
The existing method for solving convolution factor mainly selects a layer in the seismic section, opens a time window along the layer, for example, a 50ms time window, and uses statistical method to solve a seismic wavelet in the time window, then solves inverse wavelet as convolution factor. The geophone and earth surface coupling convolution factor is not obtained according to the underground reflecting layer, but is obtained according to the factor that the geophone tail cone is coupled with the earth in the process of the seismic wave propagation path, so the method for obtaining the geophone and earth surface coupling convolution factor is not disclosed in the prior art. Therefore, when the coupling between the geophone and the ground is not good, the seismic recording resolution is reduced, high-quality seismic recording is difficult to obtain, and the positioning work of the oil and gas reservoir is difficult to carry out.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the seismic recording quality, which can obtain a geophone and earth surface coupling convolution factor in a certain earth surface type, and the seismic recording quality can be improved by performing convolution on the geophone and earth surface coupling convolution factor and seismic records of the same earth surface at the corresponding position, thereby solving the problem that the positioning work of an oil and gas reservoir is difficult to carry out when the geophone is not well coupled with the earth surface.
The invention provides a method for improving the seismic record quality, which comprises the following steps:
step a: acquiring vibration signal records of each earth surface in the same earth surface type aiming at different earth surfaces in the same earth surface type;
step b: respectively calculating the signal-to-noise ratio of the same phase axis recorded by the vibration signals, marking the vibration signal record with the highest signal-to-noise ratio of the same phase axis as A, marking the vibration signal record with the second highest signal-to-noise ratio of the same phase axis as B, and marking the inverse wavelet of B as B-1If the detector-to-surface coupling convolution factor is marked as X, the detector-to-surface coupling convolution factor X satisfies the following expression:
X＝A*B-1
step c: and coupling the geophone with the earth surface by a convolution factor X to perform convolution on the seismic records of the same earth surface at the corresponding position.
Preferably, the step a comprises:
step a 1: inserting a detector into a certain ground surface, wherein the detector and the ground surface form a vibration system;
step a 2: inputting the same vibration signal to the vibration system for multiple times to obtain multiple records;
step a 3: superposing the multiple records obtained in the step a2, and taking the superposed record obtained by superposition as the vibration signal record of the earth surface;
step a 4: and (4) aiming at different terrains in the same type of terrains, keeping inputting the same vibration signal, repeating the step a 1-the step a3, and obtaining vibration signal records of a plurality of terrains in the same type of terrains.
Preferably, the same mass of objects is used to hit the top surface of the geophone at the same height in a free fall to input the same vibration signal to the vibration system.
Preferably, the objects are rubber particles.
Preferably, in step a2, the vibration system is input with the same vibration signal at least 5 times.
Preferably, in step a, a small refractometer is used to obtain multiple recordings.
The method for improving the seismic recording quality solves the technical problem that the positioning work of an oil and gas reservoir is difficult to carry out due to the lack of a method for improving the seismic recording quality in the prior art. The method can obtain the convolution factor of the detector and the earth surface coupling in a certain earth surface type, and the convolution factor of the detector and the earth surface coupling and the seismic record of the same earth surface type in the corresponding position solve the problems of weak recording energy, more side lobes and the like under the condition of poor coupling of the detector and the earth surface, improve the seismic recording quality, enable the imaging of an underground target to be clearer and more distinguishable, and be beneficial to more accurately finding out the underground petroleum resource and finding out the position of an oil and gas reservoir.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of non-limiting examples only and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a method of improving seismic recording quality as contemplated by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a seismic record of the Tahe area;
fig. 3 is a seismic record of the tah river region obtained by convolving the convolution factor of the geophone and the ground surface with the seismic record of the tah river region in fig. 2.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more complete, the following technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts based on the specific embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for improving seismic recording quality includes the steps of:
step S101: inserting a detector into a certain ground surface, wherein the detector and the ground surface form a vibration system;
step S102: inputting the same vibration signal to the vibration system for multiple times and recording;
step S103: superposing the multiple records obtained in the S102, and taking the superposed record obtained by superposition as a vibration signal record of the earth surface;
step S104: aiming at different earth surfaces in the same earth surface type, keeping inputting the same vibration signal, repeating the step S101 to the step S103, and obtaining vibration signal records of a plurality of earth surfaces in the same earth surface type;
step S105: respectively calculating the signal-to-noise ratio of the same phase axis recorded by the vibration signals, marking the vibration signal record with the highest signal-to-noise ratio of the same phase axis as A, marking the vibration signal record with the second highest signal-to-noise ratio of the same phase axis as B, and marking the inverse wavelet of B as B-1If the detector-to-surface coupling convolution factor is marked as X, the detector-to-surface coupling convolution factor X satisfies the following expression: x is A B-1；
Step S106: and coupling the geophone with the earth surface by a convolution factor X to perform convolution on the seismic records of the same earth surface at the corresponding position.
By the method, the quality of the seismic record can be improved.
In the scheme, the specific mode of inputting the same vibration signal to the vibration system has multiple modes, for example, rubber particles with the same mass strike the top surface of the detector at the same height in a free-falling mode; recording a vibration signal of the detector obtained by each impact by using a small refractometer; specifically, the rubber particles and the heights can be analyzed through experiments, and the record of the detector is over-adjusted due to the fact that the vibration amplitude of the detector cannot be too large. If objects with different qualities are adopted or the top surface of the detector is hit from different heights, waveform energy and frequency are inconsistent, and an accurate and uniform convolution factor cannot be obtained. The rubber particles in the above scheme can also be other particles made of elastic materials, and spherical particles are preferred for better keeping the consistency of the input signals.In step S102, the same vibration signal is preferably input to the vibration system 5 times. A and B-1Denotes A and B-1And (6) performing convolution.
In field operations, a work area is usually divided. A work area may have one or more surface types and no partitioning is required if there is one surface in the work area. For example, in the area of the tah river in Xinjiang, some earth surfaces are soil with good coupling, some earth surfaces are soft floating soil, and some earth surfaces are water-poured lands filled with water, and the coupling conditions of the three earth surfaces and the geophone are different, so that different convolution factors are obtained, and therefore the three earth surfaces need to be divided to respectively obtain the coupling convolution factors of the geophone and the earth surfaces. Performing convolution on the geophone and the earth surface coupling convolution factor X and the seismic records of the same earth surface at the corresponding position; for example, the geophone obtained by the soil surface is subjected to convolution with the surface coupling convolution factor X and the seismic record of the soil surface, and the geophone obtained by the soil surface is subjected to convolution with the surface coupling convolution factor X and the seismic record of the soil surface; the seismic records of the same earth surface at the corresponding positions are regional seismic data covering the same earth surface type.
Fig. 2 is a seismic record of the tah river region, and fig. 3 is a seismic record of the tah river region obtained by convolving a geophone and ground surface coupling convolution factor with the seismic record of the tah river region in fig. 2.
From the comparison between the positions a and B shown in fig. 2 and 3, the difference between them is apparent: the position a in fig. 3 is clearer and more continuous in the event of the in-phase axis information (i.e., the imaging of the underground target), and the diffracted wave is richer and more energetic, while the position a in fig. 2 is less energetic and less continuous in the wave group. In the position B in fig. 3, the transverse wave group features are clear and continuous, the signal-to-noise ratio is high, and continuous tracking can be achieved, while in the position B in fig. 2, the reflected information energy is weak, the signal-to-noise ratio is low, and the information of the same phase axis is blurred and unclear. Therefore, after the convolution factor of the coupling of the geophone and the earth surface and the seismic record are convoluted, the energy of the reflection information is obviously improved, the section quality is improved, the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution ratio are improved, and the imaging of the underground target is clearer and more distinguishable.
The method for improving the quality of the seismic record comprises the steps of firstly obtaining a detector and earth surface coupling convolution factor in a certain earth surface type through experiments and calculation, and then performing convolution on the detector and earth surface coupling convolution factor and seismic records of the same earth surface type at corresponding positions, so as to obtain the seismic record with higher quality. By the method, the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution ratio of the seismic record are improved, the problems of weak recording energy, more side lobes and the like under the condition that the geophone is not well coupled with the ground are solved, the seismic record quality is improved, the imaging of an underground target is clearer and more distinguishable, the underground petroleum resource can be found more accurately, and the position of an oil-gas reservoir can be found.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments and examples are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit the same; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or examples may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments or examples of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method of improving seismic recording quality, the method comprising the steps of:
step a: acquiring vibration signal records of each earth surface in the same earth surface type aiming at different earth surfaces in the same earth surface type;
step b: respectively calculating the signal-to-noise ratio of the same phase axis recorded by the vibration signals, marking the vibration signal record with the highest signal-to-noise ratio of the same phase axis as A, marking the vibration signal record with the second highest signal-to-noise ratio of the same phase axis as B, and marking the inverse wavelet of B as B-1If the detector-to-surface coupling convolution factor is marked as X, the detector-to-surface coupling convolution factor X satisfies the following expression:
X＝A*B-1
step c: and coupling the geophone with the earth surface by a convolution factor X to perform convolution on the seismic records of the same earth surface at the corresponding position.
2. The method of improving seismic recording quality of claim 1, comprising at step a:
step a 1: inserting a detector into a certain ground surface, wherein the detector and the ground surface form a vibration system;
step a 2: inputting the same vibration signal to the vibration system for multiple times to obtain multiple records;
step a 3: superposing the multiple records obtained in the step a2, and taking the superposed record obtained by superposition as the vibration signal record of the earth surface;
step a 4: and (4) aiming at different terrains in the same type of terrains, keeping inputting the same vibration signal, repeating the step a 1-the step a3, and obtaining vibration signal records of a plurality of terrains in the same type of terrains.
3. A method of improving the quality of seismic recordings according to claim 2, wherein the same seismic signal is input to the seismic system by striking the top of the geophone at the same height in free fall with the same mass of the object.
4. A method of improving seismic recording quality according to claim 3, wherein said object is a rubber pellet.
5. The method for improving the quality of seismic recordings according to claim 2, wherein in step a2 the number of inputs of the same seismic signal to said seismic system is at least 5.
6. A method of improving seismic recording quality according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein in step a, a small refractometer is used to obtain multiple recordings.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1114937A (en) * | 1976-09-27 | 1981-12-22 | Seismic Service (England) Limited | Seismic delineation of oil and gas reservoirs using borehole geophones |
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| US20050286344A1 (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2005-12-29 | Petrochina Co., Ltd. | Method for improving the seismic resolution |
| CN104407385A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-03-11 | 魏继东 | Method for restoring low-frequency data of movable coil type detector |
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| CN106291679A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2017-01-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method is amassed in a kind of anti-folding for mountain front seismic data |
-
2019
- 2019-08-30 CN CN201910815959.3A patent/CN112444845B/en active Active
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1114937A (en) * | 1976-09-27 | 1981-12-22 | Seismic Service (England) Limited | Seismic delineation of oil and gas reservoirs using borehole geophones |
| US6691039B1 (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-02-10 | John M. Robinson | Removal of noise from seismic data using improved radon transformations |
| CA2512828A1 (en) * | 2003-01-08 | 2004-07-29 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | Digital pressure derivative method and program storage device |
| US20050286344A1 (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2005-12-29 | Petrochina Co., Ltd. | Method for improving the seismic resolution |
| CN1651934A (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2005-08-10 | 浙江大学 | Optimum coupling and matching method for receiving seismic data by special rectifier |
| CN105301634A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-02-03 | 中石化石油工程地球物理有限公司胜利分公司 | Method for increasing correlation quality of controlled seismic source single shot by utilizing record of detector near to seismic source |
| CN105301658A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-02-03 | 中石化石油工程地球物理有限公司胜利分公司 | Method for extracting near-surface deconvolution operator by utilizing record of microlog |
| WO2016063125A1 (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-04-28 | Cgg Services Sa | Imaging the near subsurface with surface consistent deconvolution operators |
| CN104407385A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-03-11 | 魏继东 | Method for restoring low-frequency data of movable coil type detector |
| CN106291679A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2017-01-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method is amassed in a kind of anti-folding for mountain front seismic data |
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