CN112444845B - Method for improving seismic record quality - Google Patents
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- CN112444845B CN112444845B CN201910815959.3A CN201910815959A CN112444845B CN 112444845 B CN112444845 B CN 112444845B CN 201910815959 A CN201910815959 A CN 201910815959A CN 112444845 B CN112444845 B CN 112444845B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 108010014173 Factor X Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims 4
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007429 general method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/24—Recording seismic data
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the quality of seismic records, which comprises the steps of firstly obtaining a certain earth surface type geophone and earth surface coupling convolution factor through experiments and calculation, and then carrying out convolution on the geophone and earth surface coupling convolution factor and the seismic records of the same earth surface type at the corresponding position, thereby obtaining the seismic records with higher quality. The method of the invention improves the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the seismic record, solves the problems of weak record energy, multiple side lobes and the like under the condition of poor coupling of the detector and the earth, improves the quality of the seismic record, ensures that the imaging of an underground target is clearer and more distinguishable, is beneficial to more accurately finding out underground petroleum resources and finding out the position of a petroleum and gas reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas geophysical exploration, in particular to a method for improving seismic recording quality.
Background
In the current seismic exploration technology, the receiving is a very important problem, and only the best receiving of the surface vibration signal can ensure the imaging quality of the subsequent wave field information. In the past, only the performance research of the detector is considered, and the coupling factor of the detector and the ground is ignored. If the geophone is poorly coupled with the earth, the performance advantages of the geophone cannot be exerted, resulting in poor seismic recording quality, weak energy, long vibration duration, and many side lobes, resulting in reduced seismic recording resolution.
The signal transmission process between the geophone and the earth is a convolution relation, the convolution factor exists, the convolution factor is obtained and acts on the seismic record, and the loss of the signal in the process of transmitting the seismic signal from the earth surface to the geophone can be reduced to the greatest extent.
The convolution algorithm is a general method in the field of seismic exploration, and has a plurality of different convolution methods, wherein the difference is that the selection of convolution factors is different, so that the difference is just that the multiplication is the most common calculation method of mathematics, but the selection of multipliers is different, the difference of multipliers causes the difference of final results, the convolution is the same theory, the selection of the convolution factors is the most important and the most difficult, and the quality of seismic data can be improved by selecting a correct convolution factor.
The existing method for obtaining the convolution factor mainly comprises the steps of selecting a horizon in a seismic section, opening a time window along the horizon, for example, a 50ms time window, obtaining a seismic wavelet in the time window by using a statistical method, and then obtaining a deconvolution wavelet as the convolution factor. The coupling convolution factor between the detector and the earth is not calculated for the underground reflection layer, but is calculated according to the factor that the tail cone of the detector is coupled with the earth in the process of the propagation path of the seismic waves, so the prior art for calculating the coupling convolution factor between the detector and the earth is not disclosed. Therefore, when the geophone is poorly coupled with the earth, the resolution of the seismic record is reduced, and it is difficult to obtain high-quality seismic records, so that the positioning work of the hydrocarbon reservoir is difficult to develop.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems existing in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the quality of seismic records, by using the method, a certain earth surface type geophone and earth surface coupling convolution factor can be obtained, and the geophone and earth surface coupling convolution factor and the seismic records of the same earth surface at the corresponding position are convolved to improve the quality of the seismic records, so that the problems that high-quality seismic records are difficult to obtain when the geophone is poorly coupled with the earth and the positioning work of a hydrocarbon reservoir is difficult to develop are solved.
The invention provides a method for improving the quality of seismic records, which comprises the following steps:
step a: obtaining vibration signal records of each earth surface in the same earth surface type aiming at different earth surfaces in the same earth surface type;
step b: respectively calculating the signal-to-noise ratio of the same-phase shaft of the vibration signal record, marking the vibration signal record with the highest signal-to-noise ratio of the same-phase shaft as A, and marking the signal-to-noise ratio of the same-phase shaft as AThe vibration signal higher than the second is recorded and marked as B, and the inverse wavelet of B is marked as B -1 And marking the coupling convolution factor of the detector and the earth surface as X, wherein the coupling convolution factor X of the detector and the earth surface meets the following expression:
X＝A*B -1
step c: and (3) carrying out convolution on the seismic records of the same earth surface at the corresponding position by coupling the convolution factor X between the detector and the earth surface.
Preferably, in the step a, it includes:
step a1: inserting a detector into a certain ground surface, wherein the detector and the ground surface form a vibration system;
step a2: inputting the same vibration signal to the vibration system for multiple times to obtain multiple records;
step a3: superposing the multiple records obtained in the step a2, and taking the superposed records as vibration signal records of the earth surface;
step a4: and (3) aiming at different earth surfaces in the same earth surface type, maintaining the same vibration signal input, and repeating the steps a1 to a3 to obtain the vibration signal record of each earth surface in the same earth surface type.
Preferably, the object of the same mass is used to strike the top surface of the pickup in the form of a free fall at the same height to input the same vibration signal to the vibration system.
Preferably, the object is a rubber granule.
Preferably, in step a2, the same vibration signal is input to the vibration system at least 5 times.
Preferably, in said step a, a small refractometer is employed to obtain multiple recordings.
The method for improving the quality of the seismic records solves the technical problem that the positioning work of the oil and gas reservoir is difficult to develop due to the lack of the method for improving the quality of the seismic records in the prior art. The method of the invention can obtain certain earth surface type geophone and earth surface coupling convolution factor, and convolve the geophone and earth surface coupling convolution factor with the seismic records of the same earth surface type at the corresponding position, thereby solving the problems of weak recording energy, multiple side lobes and the like under the condition of poor coupling of the geophone and the earth, improving the quality of the seismic records, enabling the imaging of an underground target to be clearer and more distinguishable, being beneficial to more accurately finding out underground petroleum resources and finding out the position of a petroleum and gas reservoir.
Drawings
The invention will be described in more detail hereinafter on the basis of an embodiment which is only non-limiting and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for improving seismic recording quality in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a seismic record of a Tahe region;
FIG. 3 is a seismic record of the Tahe region obtained by convolving the receiver with the earth's surface coupling convolution factor with the seismic record of the Tahe region of FIG. 2.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making any inventive effort based on the specific embodiments of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for improving seismic recording quality includes the steps of:
step S101: inserting a detector into a certain ground surface, wherein the detector and the ground surface form a vibration system;
step S102: inputting the same vibration signal to the vibration system for multiple times and recording;
step S103: superposing the plurality of records obtained in the step S102, and taking the superposed records obtained by superposition as vibration signal records of the earth surface;
step S104: maintaining the input of the same vibration signal for different earth surfaces in the same earth surface type, and repeating the steps S101-S103 to obtain the vibration signal record of each earth surface in the same earth surface type;
step S105: respectively calculating the vibration signalsThe signal to noise ratio of the same phase axis of the signal record, the vibration signal record with the highest signal to noise ratio of the same phase axis is marked as A, the vibration signal record with the second highest signal to noise ratio of the same phase axis is marked as B, and the inverse wavelet of B is marked as B -1 And marking the coupling convolution factor of the detector and the earth surface as X, wherein the coupling convolution factor X of the detector and the earth surface meets the following expression: x=a×b -1 ；
Step S106: and (3) carrying out convolution on the seismic records of the same earth surface at the corresponding position by coupling the convolution factor X between the detector and the earth surface.
By the method, the quality of the seismic record can be improved.
In the above scheme, the specific ways of inputting the same vibration signal to the vibration system are various, for example, rubber particles with the same mass are used for striking the top surface of the detector in a free falling form at the same height; the vibration signal of the detector obtained by each strike is recorded by a small refractometer; the method specifically adopts the rubber particles with the size and the height, and can be analyzed through experiments, so that the record of the detector is out of alignment because the vibration amplitude of the detector cannot be too large. If different quality objects are used, or the top surface of the detector is hit from different heights, the waveform energy and the frequency are inconsistent, and an accurate and uniform convolution factor cannot be obtained. The rubber particles in the scheme can also be other particles made of elastic materials, and spherical particles are preferred for better keeping the consistency of input signals. In step S102, the number of times of inputting the same vibration signal to the vibration system is preferably 5 times. a.times.B -1 Represents A and B -1 And (5) convolution.
In field operation, the work area is generally divided first. A work area may have one or more surface types and if a surface is in the work area, no division is required. For example, in the Xinjiang Tahe region, some earth surfaces are well coupled earth, some earth surfaces are soft floating earth, some earth surfaces are water-filled earth, and the coupling conditions of the three earth surfaces and the detector are different, so that the obtained convolution factors are different, and the three earth surfaces are required to be divided to obtain the coupling convolution factors of the detector and the earth surface. Convoluting the seismic records of the same earth surface at the corresponding position by coupling convolution factors X of the detector and the earth surface; for example, a detector for calculating the earth surface is convolved with the earth surface coupling convolution factor X and the earth surface seismic record, and a detector for calculating the earth surface is convolved with the earth surface coupling convolution factor X and the earth surface seismic record; the seismic records of the same earth surface at corresponding positions refer to regional seismic data covering the same earth surface type.
Fig. 2 is a seismic record of a tahe region, and fig. 3 is a seismic record of the tahe region obtained by convolving a receiver-surface coupling convolution factor with the seismic record of the tahe region in fig. 2.
The difference between the two is evident from the comparison of position a and position B shown in fig. 2 and 3: position a in fig. 3 is more clear and continuous with the on-axis information (i.e., imaging of the subsurface target), the diffracted waves are richer, the energy is strong, while position a in fig. 2 reflects the information with weak energy and poor wave group continuity. The characteristic of the transverse wave group is very clear and continuous at the position B in fig. 3, the signal to noise ratio is high, and the continuous tracking can be realized, while the reflected information at the position B in fig. 2 is weak in energy, low in signal to noise ratio and blurred and unclear in the phase axis information. Therefore, after the convolution factor of the coupling of the detector and the earth surface and the seismic record are convolved, the reflected information energy is obviously improved, the section quality is improved, the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution ratio are improved, and the imaging of the underground target is clearer and more discernable.
According to the method for improving the quality of the seismic records, provided by the invention, the detector and the earth surface coupling convolution factor in a certain earth surface type are obtained through experiments and calculation, and then the detector and the earth surface coupling convolution factor are convolved with the seismic records of the same earth surface type at the corresponding position, so that the seismic records with higher quality are obtained. The method of the invention improves the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution of the seismic record, solves the problems of weak record energy, multiple side lobes and the like under the condition of poor coupling of the detector and the earth, improves the quality of the seismic record, ensures that the imaging of an underground target is clearer and more distinguishable, is beneficial to more accurately finding out underground petroleum resources and finding out the position of a petroleum and gas reservoir.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments and examples are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, but not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments and examples, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments or examples can be modified or some of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the embodiments or examples.
Claims (6)
1. A method of improving seismic recording quality, the method comprising the steps of:
step a: obtaining vibration signal records of each earth surface in the same earth surface type aiming at different earth surfaces in the same earth surface type;
step b: respectively calculating the signal-to-noise ratio of the same phase axis of the vibration signal record, marking the vibration signal record with the highest signal-to-noise ratio of the same phase axis as A, marking the vibration signal record with the second highest signal-to-noise ratio of the same phase axis as B, and marking the inverse wavelet of B as B -1 And marking the coupling convolution factor of the detector and the earth surface as X, wherein the coupling convolution factor X of the detector and the earth surface meets the following expression:
X＝A*B -1
step c: and (3) carrying out convolution on the seismic records of the same earth surface at the corresponding position by coupling the convolution factor X between the detector and the earth surface.
2. The method of improving seismic recording quality of claim 1, wherein, at step a, comprising:
step a1: inserting a detector into a certain ground surface, wherein the detector and the ground surface form a vibration system;
step a2: inputting the same vibration signal to the vibration system for multiple times to obtain multiple records;
step a3: superposing the multiple records obtained in the step a2, and taking the superposed records as vibration signal records of the earth surface;
step a4: and (3) aiming at different earth surfaces in the same earth surface type, maintaining the same vibration signal input, and repeating the steps a1 to a3 to obtain the vibration signal record of each earth surface in the same earth surface type.
3. A method of improving seismic recording quality as defined in claim 2, wherein objects of the same quality are used to strike the top surface of the geophone in free-fall form at the same elevation to input the same shock signal to the shock system.
4. A method of improving seismic recording quality as defined in claim 3, wherein the object is a rubber grain.
5. The method of improving seismic recording quality of claim 2, wherein in step a2, the same shock signal is input to the shock system at least 5 times.
6. A method of improving seismic recording quality according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step a, a small refractometer is employed to obtain multiple recordings.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1114937A (en) * | 1976-09-27 | 1981-12-22 | Seismic Service (England) Limited | Seismic delineation of oil and gas reservoirs using borehole geophones |
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| CA2512828A1 (en) * | 2003-01-08 | 2004-07-29 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | Digital pressure derivative method and program storage device |
| CN1651934A (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2005-08-10 | 浙江大学 | Optimum coupling and matching method for receiving seismic data by special rectifier |
| CN104407385A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-03-11 | 魏继东 | Method for restoring low-frequency data of movable coil type detector |
| CN105301634A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-02-03 | 中石化石油工程地球物理有限公司胜利分公司 | Method for increasing correlation quality of controlled seismic source single shot by utilizing record of detector near to seismic source |
| CN105301658A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-02-03 | 中石化石油工程地球物理有限公司胜利分公司 | Method for extracting near-surface deconvolution operator by utilizing record of microlog |
| WO2016063125A1 (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-04-28 | Cgg Services Sa | Imaging the near subsurface with surface consistent deconvolution operators |
| CN106291679A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2017-01-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method is amassed in a kind of anti-folding for mountain front seismic data |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100383557C (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2008-04-23 | 大庆油田有限责任公司 | Method for improving seismic resolution |
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- 2019-08-30 CN CN201910815959.3A patent/CN112444845B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1114937A (en) * | 1976-09-27 | 1981-12-22 | Seismic Service (England) Limited | Seismic delineation of oil and gas reservoirs using borehole geophones |
| US6691039B1 (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-02-10 | John M. Robinson | Removal of noise from seismic data using improved radon transformations |
| CA2512828A1 (en) * | 2003-01-08 | 2004-07-29 | Schlumberger Canada Limited | Digital pressure derivative method and program storage device |
| CN1651934A (en) * | 2005-03-11 | 2005-08-10 | 浙江大学 | Optimum coupling and matching method for receiving seismic data by special rectifier |
| CN105301634A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-02-03 | 中石化石油工程地球物理有限公司胜利分公司 | Method for increasing correlation quality of controlled seismic source single shot by utilizing record of detector near to seismic source |
| CN105301658A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2016-02-03 | 中石化石油工程地球物理有限公司胜利分公司 | Method for extracting near-surface deconvolution operator by utilizing record of microlog |
| WO2016063125A1 (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-04-28 | Cgg Services Sa | Imaging the near subsurface with surface consistent deconvolution operators |
| CN104407385A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-03-11 | 魏继东 | Method for restoring low-frequency data of movable coil type detector |
| CN106291679A (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2017-01-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method is amassed in a kind of anti-folding for mountain front seismic data |
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