CN112435564B - Experimental instrument and experimental method for mining inclined medium-thick and thick ore bodies by caving method - Google Patents
Experimental instrument and experimental method for mining inclined medium-thick and thick ore bodies by caving method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an experimental instrument and an experimental method for stoping inclined medium-thick and thick ore bodies by a caving method, and belongs to the technical field of simulation experiments of the caving method. The device is including experiment frame and box, and the box is installed on the experiment frame, the experiment frame is including experiment support body, support body thickness expansion board, ore simulation route, the box includes panel and curb plate, ore simulation route is installed in the box and is extended to the ore discharge mouth on box surface. The improved technical scheme is a device for realizing a plane model and a three-dimensional model, and the experimental method is realized by the device. The invention can realize the simulation of the mining process of inclined and steep (medium-thickness) ore bodies and provides technical support for efficiently and economically mining mineral resources of mines with similar ore body occurrence conditions.
Description
The patent application is divisional application of application number 201810003662.2, application date 20180103 and invention name experimental apparatus and experimental method for mining inclined medium-thick and thick ore bodies by caving method.
Technical Field
The invention provides an experimental instrument and an experimental method for stoping inclined medium-thick and thick ore bodies by a caving method, and relates to the technical field of simulation experiments of the caving method. The experimental instrument and the experimental method are used for carrying out simulation aiming at mining processes of inclined and steeply inclined medium-thickness ore bodies and thick ore bodies.
Background
The caving mining method is a large-scale mining method with low cost and high efficiency. The method is characterized in that: taking the whole ore block as a stoping unit, and continuously carrying out stoping according to a certain stoping sequence; in the process of stoping, ore is drawn under overburden rock; and forcibly (or naturally) caving the surrounding rock to fill the goaf along with the caving of the ore so as to control and manage the ground pressure.
For caving mining, a simulation device is usually used to design an optimal mining mode. The existing simulation device has a simple structure and a single function, and cannot effectively simulate the mining operation on a mine site, particularly the simulation of the mining process of inclined and steeply inclined (medium-thickness) ore bodies and effectively guide the mining operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an experimental instrument and an experimental method for mining inclined medium-thick ore bodies by a caving method in order to improve the simulation effect of a simulation device and better guide mining operation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the experimental instrument for mining inclined medium-thick and thick ore bodies by a caving method comprises an experimental frame and a box body, wherein the box body is installed on the experimental frame, the experimental frame comprises an experimental frame body, a frame body thickness expansion plate and an ore simulation access path, the box body comprises a panel and a side plate, and the ore simulation access path is installed in the box body and extends to an ore outlet on the surface of the box body.
As a modified scheme, the panel includes organic glass panel and step backplate, the curb plate is including the activity curb plate, fixed curb plate, the step partition plate, the organic glass panel mounting is on support body thickness expansion board, the step backplate is installed on the experiment support body, it takes logical groove out to be equipped with the step partition plate on the step backplate, the step partition plate is taken out logical groove quantity and is more than 3, the logical groove setting is taken out to the step partition plate in the latter half of box, all step partition plates are taken out logical groove homogeneous phase and are set up and the direction of slope is unanimous to vertical direction slope, fixed curb plate installs the one end at the experiment support body, ore outlet sets up on fixed curb plate, the activity curb plate passes through the other end of activity curb plate support mounting at the experiment support body.
The corresponding experimental method comprises the following steps:
step 1, mounting a frame thickness expansion plate on an experimental frame by using bolts;
step 2, installing an organic glass panel on the front side of the experiment frame body, installing a step back plate on the back side of the experiment frame body, and installing a movable side plate support in the experiment box;
step 3, inserting the step dividing plate into the step dividing plate drawing-out through groove of the step back plate,
step 4, inserting an ore simulation access into the ore removal port;
step 5, filling experimental materials into the experimental box, wherein the experimental materials are divided into simulated ore materials and simulated waste rock materials, and marking particles are arranged layer by layer in the filling process;
step 6, after the filling is finished, drawing out a corresponding step distance partition plate to simulate blasting operation;
step 7, inserting a mine removal shovel into the simulation access path to shovel the simulation ore material and the simulation waste rock material out of the model;
step 8, weighing the mass of the simulated ore material and the simulated waste rock material which are shoveled out each time by using an electronic scale, and recording the marking value of the marking particles;
step 9, stopping ore discharge at the ore discharge port when the mass ratio of the simulated ore materials to the simulated waste stone materials reaches or exceeds a specified value for 3 times continuously;
As another improved scheme, the panel comprises an organic glass plate, a metal template and a ore discharge port template, the metal template is arranged on one side of the box body, the organic glass plate and the ore discharge port template are arranged on the other side of the box body, the ore discharge port template is arranged below the organic glass plate, both sides of the side plate are fixed side plates, or one side of the side plate is a fixed side plate, and the other side of the side plate is a movable side plate arranged through a movable side plate bracket.
The corresponding experimental method comprises the following steps:
step 1, installing a frame thickness expansion plate on an experimental frame by using bolts;
step 2, installing an organic glass plate and a mine outlet template on the front side of the experiment frame body;
step 3, mounting a metal template on the back of the experiment frame body;
step 4, inserting a simulation access into the ore removal port;
step 5, filling experimental materials into the experimental box, wherein the experimental materials are divided into simulated ore materials and simulated waste stone materials, and marking particles are arranged layer by layer in the filling process;
step 6, inserting a corresponding simulation access path by using a ore removal shovel, and shoveling the simulation ore material and the simulation waste rock material from the model;
step 7, weighing the mass of the simulated ore material and the simulated waste rock material shoveled each time by using an electronic scale, and respectively recording the mass; and recording the mark value of the marking particles;
step 8, stopping ore removal at a ore removal port when the mass ratio of the simulated ore materials to the simulated waste rock materials of a certain ore removal port for 3 times reaches or exceeds a specified value;
and 9, calculating the recovery rate and the depletion rate of the ore through statistical data, and obtaining the approximate form of the pay-off body by a method for recovering the marker particles.
As a third improved scheme, the side plates comprise a fixed side plate and a movable side plate which are arranged oppositely, the fixed side plate is installed on the experimental frame body, the panel comprises a step separation auxiliary back plate, a ore removal panel and a step separation plate, the movable side plate is separated between the auxiliary back plate and the ore removal panel through a thread screw, the fixed side plate and the movable side plate are provided with mutually corresponding step separation plates for drawing out the through grooves, the step separation plates are drawn out of the through grooves in the height direction in a layered mode, the number of the through grooves drawn out by the step separation plates on each layer is more than two, the through grooves drawn out by the step separation plates on each layer are inclined in the vertical direction and are the same in the inclined direction, and the through grooves drawn out by the step separation plates on each layer on the ore removal panel are provided with ore removal ports.
The corresponding experimental method comprises the following steps:
step 1, installing a frame thickness expansion plate on an experimental frame by using bolts;
step 2, mounting a mine removal panel on the front side of the experiment frame body, and mounting a step distance partition plate on the back side of the experiment frame body to draw out the auxiliary back plate, the metal template and the wood template;
step 3, connecting and fastening the ore removal panel and the wood template of the experimental box by using a harness cord screw;
step 4, inserting the movable side panel between the harness cord screws for fixing;
step 5, mounting a fixed side panel;
step 6, drawing the corresponding step dividing plate out of the through groove through the step dividing plate on the movable side plate, and inserting the corresponding step dividing plate on the fixed side plate into the through groove;
step 7, inserting a simulation access into the ore removal port;
step 8, filling experimental materials into the experimental box, wherein the experimental materials are divided into simulated ore materials and simulated waste rock materials, the colors of the simulated waste rock materials in different layers are different, and the marking particles are arranged layer by layer in the filling process;
step 9, after the filling is finished, drawing out a corresponding step distance partition plate to simulate blasting operation;
and step 13, calculating the recovery rate and the depletion rate of the ore through statistical data, and obtaining the approximate form of the discharging body by a method for recovering the marker particles.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the device comprises an experiment frame and an ore drawing experiment box, wherein the front side and the side surface of the experiment box are provided with ore outlets. The ore removal step pitch, ore removal route pitch, section height and end wall inclination angle of the experimental box can be adjusted. The using method comprises the steps of carrying out a caving stoping plane physical simulation ore drawing experiment, a caving stoping three-dimensional physical simulation ore drawing experiment and an ore dilution mechanism research physical simulation experiment, simulating mining operation of a mine-out site by adjusting an end wall inclination angle, a mine-out step pitch, a mine-out route pitch and a sectional height, obtaining optimal stoping parameters and designing an optimal mining mode. The invention can realize the simulation of the mining process of inclined and steep (medium-thickness) ore bodies and provides technical support for efficiently and economically mining mineral resources of mines with similar ore body occurrence conditions.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the laboratory apparatus of example 1;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the experimental apparatus of example 1;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the experimental apparatus of example 2;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the experimental apparatus of example 2;
FIG. 5 is a top view of the experimental apparatus of example 2;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an auxiliary backing plate of the experimental apparatus in example 2;
FIG. 7 is a front view of the experimental apparatus of example 3;
FIG. 8 is a side view of the experimental apparatus of example 3;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a holder thickness expanding plate of the experimental apparatus according to example 3;
FIG. 10 is a top view of the experimental apparatus of example 3;
FIG. 11 is a front view of the experimental apparatus of example 4;
FIG. 12 is a side view of the experimental apparatus of example 4;
FIG. 13 is a top view of the experimental apparatus of example 4;
FIG. 14 is a schematic layout of the mine face plate and the side plate of the experimental apparatus of example 4;
FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the experimental apparatus of example 4.
[ main component symbol description ]
11. The device comprises a metal template, 12 a step back plate, 13 a movable side plate bracket, 14 a step partition plate extraction through groove, 15 an organic glass panel, 16 a frame body thickness expansion plate, 17 a step partition plate, 18 a mine outlet, 19 and a wood template;
21. the device comprises a metal template, 22, a mine outlet, 23, an organic glass panel, 24, a frame body thickness expansion plate, 25, a metal template, 26, a wood template, 27 and a mine outlet template;
31. the device comprises a metal template, 32, a ore removal panel, 33, a harness cord screw, 34, a frame thickness expansion plate, 35, a wood template, 36, a step partition plate extraction auxiliary back plate, 37, a fixed side panel, 38, a movable side panel, 39, a step partition plate, 40, an ore removal port, 41, a step partition plate extraction through groove, 42, an experimental frame, 43 and a simulation approach.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a single model, and as shown in fig. 1 and 2, an expandable experimental frame mainly comprises an experimental frame body, a mine outlet template, a metal template, a wood template, a frame body thickness expansion plate, a movable side plate bracket and a simulation access way.
In the sill pillar-free sublevel caving mining method, an ore removal roadway is generally called as a route, and a simulated route is a steel pipe with a square section and is used for simulating the ore removal route (namely the ore removal roadway) in an experiment.
The height of the experimental frame is 1900mm, the width is 1700mm, the thickness of the base is 1000mm, and the thickness of the frame body is 140mm. In order to ensure the filling density of the model and avoid deformation such as side bulge, 10-channel steel is respectively adopted as a template (the front side and the back side) by the experimental frame; in order to ensure the installation of the ore drawing experiment box and the requirement of adjusting the height of the ore drawing subsection, the experiment frame uses a wood plate as a part of templates; in order to ensure that the step distance partition plate can be drawn out, the experiment frame takes the wood plate as the step distance partition plate to draw out the auxiliary back plate. Table 1 is a table of the main parts of the experimental bench.
TABLE 1
| Serial number | Device name | Material properties | Class of device |
| 1 | Experiment rack | Metal | Experiment rack component |
| 2 | Metal template | Metal | Experiment rack component |
| 3 | Wooden template | Wood material | Experiment rack component |
| 4 | Frame thickness expansion board | Wood material | Laboratory bench parts |
| 5 | Analog route | Metal | Laboratory bench parts |
| 6 | Movable side plate support | Wood material | Experiment rack component |
Example 2
Ore drawing experiment box of longitudinal plane model
As shown in fig. 3 to 6, the wood formwork includes a metal formwork 11, a step back plate 12, a movable side plate bracket 13, a step partition plate extraction through groove 14, an organic glass panel 15, a frame thickness expansion plate 16, a step partition plate 17, a mine outlet 18, and a wood formwork 19.
The vertical plane model ore drawing experiment box mainly comprises an experiment frame body, an organic glass panel 15, a step back plate 12 and a movable side plate support 13.
The organic glass panel 15 is fixed on the front surface of the experiment box; one side of the box body is formed by an experiment frame body with a rectangular opening, a movable side plate bracket 13 is installed and fixed at the other side of the box body, and the movable side plate bracket 13 and the side plate of the experiment frame body are arranged in parallel. The step back plate 12 is provided with a step partition plate extraction through groove 14, and the step partition plate 17 can be extracted from the rear side of the ore drawing experiment box. The vertical model ore drawing experimental box comprises a plurality of groups of step back plates 12 so as to adapt to different sectional heights, ore removal route intervals and end wall inclination angles. Table 2 is a table of main components of the ore drawing experimental box of the longitudinal plane model.
TABLE 2
The working process is as follows:
(1) The 'frame thickness expansion plate' is installed on the 'experimental frame body' by bolts.
(2) The 'organic glass plate' is arranged on the front side of the 'experiment frame body', the 'step back plate' is arranged on the back side of the 'experiment frame body', and the 'movable side plate bracket' is arranged in the experiment box.
(3) The step dividing plate is inserted into the step dividing plate extracting through groove of the step back plate.
(4) And inserting an analog approach path into the ore outlet.
(5) And filling experimental materials into the experimental box, wherein the experimental materials are divided into simulated ore materials and simulated waste stone materials, and the marking particles are arranged layer by layer in the filling process.
(6) After the filling is finished, the corresponding step distance partition plate is drawn out to simulate the blasting operation.
(7) A 'ore removal shovel' is inserted into a 'simulation access path' to shovel the simulated ore materials and the simulated waste rock materials out of the model.
(8) The simulated ore material and the simulated waste rock material scooped out each time are weighed using an electronic scale, and the mark value of the marking particles is recorded.
(9) And stopping ore removal from the ore outlet when the mass ratio of the simulated ore materials to the simulated waste stone materials reaches or exceeds a specified value for 3 times in succession.
(10) According to the experimental scheme, the experimental box can be used for carrying out single-section and multi-step ore drawing physical simulation experiments.
(11) The approximate form of the tapped body is obtained by calculating the recovery rate and the depletion rate of the ore and recovering the marker particles from the statistical data.
Example 3
The horizontal plane model ore drawing experiment box:
as shown in fig. 7 to 10, the drawings include: a metal template 21, a mine outlet 22, an organic glass panel 23, a frame thickness expansion plate 24, a metal template 25, a wood template 26 and a mine outlet template 27
The horizontal plane model ore drawing experiment box mainly comprises an experiment frame body, an organic glass panel 23, a metal template 25, an ore outlet template 27 and a frame body thickness expansion plate 24.
The ore drawing port template 27 is fixed at the lower part of the front surface of the experimental box, and the organic glass panel 23 is fixed on the organic glass panel; the both sides of box constitute by the experiment frame support body, or one side constitutes by opening the experiment frame support body, and the activity curb plate support mounting is with fixing the opposite side at the box, and activity side support and the mutual parallel arrangement of experiment frame body side board. And table 3 is a table of main components of the horizontal plane model ore drawing experiment box.
TABLE 3
The working process is as follows:
(1) The 'frame thickness expansion plate' is installed on the 'experimental frame body' by bolts.
(2) The organic glass plate and the ore removal template are arranged on the front surface of the experiment frame body.
(3) The back of the experiment frame body is provided with a metal template.
(4) And inserting an analog access way into the ore outlet.
(5) And filling experimental materials into the experimental box, wherein the experimental materials are divided into simulated ore materials and simulated waste stone materials, and the marking particles are arranged layer by layer in the filling process.
(6) And (3) inserting a corresponding simulation access path by using a 'ore removal shovel' to shovel the simulation ore material and the simulation waste rock material out of the model.
(7) Weighing the mass of the simulated ore material and the simulated waste rock material shoveled each time by using an electronic scale, and respectively recording the mass; and recording the marking value of the marking particles.
(8) And stopping ore drawing at a certain ore drawing port when the mass ratio of the simulated ore materials to the simulated waste rock materials for 3 times reaches or exceeds a specified value.
(9) According to the experimental scheme, the experimental box can perform single-section (high-section) and single-step-distance ore drawing physical simulation experiments.
(10) The approximate form of the pay-off body is obtained by calculating the recovery rate and the dilution rate of the ore and recovering the marker particles from the statistical data.
Example 4
The three-dimensional model ore drawing experiment box:
as shown in fig. 11 to 15, the drawing includes a metal formwork 31, a ore drawing panel 32, a harness screw 33, a frame thickness expanding plate 34, a wooden formwork 35, a step dividing plate extraction auxiliary back plate 36, a fixed side panel 37, a movable side panel 38, a step dividing plate 39, an ore drawing port 40, a step dividing plate extraction through groove 41, a test frame 42, and a simulation approach 43.
The horizontal plane model ore drawing experiment box is a box body which is composed of an experiment frame body 42, an ore drawing panel 32, a metal template 31, a step distance partition plate extraction auxiliary back plate 36, a movable side panel 38 and a fixed side panel 37. And table 4 is a main component table of the three-dimensional model ore drawing experiment box.
TABLE 4
The ore removal panel 32 is fixed on the front surface of the experiment box; the movable side plate 38 and the fixed side plate 37 are respectively installed and fixed on two sides of the box body, and the movable side plate 38 and the fixed side plate 37 are arranged in parallel. The draw box includes several sets of movable side panels 38 and mine face panels 32 to accommodate different section heights, mine access spacings and end wall inclinations.
A step dividing plate extraction auxiliary back plate 36 is installed at a position where the step dividing plate of the ore drawing experimental box is close to the horizontal height of the center line in the width direction. A step dividing plate drawing through groove 41 is provided in the left side panel, and the step dividing plate 39 can be drawn out from the side of the ore drawing experimental box (bin).
The working process is as follows:
(1) Installing a frame thickness expansion plate on an experimental frame by using bolts;
(2) The front surface of the experiment frame body is provided with a mining panel, and the back surface of the experiment frame body is provided with a step distance partition plate for drawing out an auxiliary back plate, a metal template and a wood template.
(3) The 'ore removal panel' and the 'wooden template' of the experimental box are connected and fastened by a 'harness screw'.
(4) The movable side plate is inserted between the harness cord screws to be fixed.
(5) And (4) installing a fixed side panel.
(6) The corresponding step dividing plate is pulled out of the through groove through the step dividing plate on the movable side plate and inserted into the corresponding step dividing plate pull-out through groove on the fixed side plate.
(7) And inserting an analog access way into the ore outlet.
(8) And filling experimental materials into the experimental box, wherein the experimental materials are divided into simulated ore materials and simulated waste rock materials, the colors of the simulated waste rock materials in different layers are different, and the marking particles are arranged layer by layer in the filling process.
(9) After the filling is finished, the corresponding step distance partition plate is drawn out to simulate the blasting operation.
(10) And (3) inserting a corresponding layered simulation access path into a 'ore removal shovel' to shovel the simulation ore material and the simulation waste rock material out of the model.
(11) Weighing the mass of the simulated ore material and the simulated waste rock material shoveled each time by using an electronic scale, and respectively recording the mass; and recording the mark value of the marking particles.
(12) And when the mass ratio of the simulated ore materials to the simulated waste stone materials of a certain ore drawing opening for 3 times reaches or exceeds a specified value, stopping ore drawing at the ore drawing opening.
(13) According to the experimental scheme, the experimental box can be used for carrying out multi-section and multi-step ore drawing physical simulation experiments.
(14) The approximate form of the tapped body is obtained by calculating the recovery rate and the depletion rate of the ore and recovering the marker particles from the statistical data.
Preferably, in the above embodiment, the ore removal lane may be provided on the front surface (ore outlet template) of the experimental rack and the side surface (rectangular opening on the side surface of the rack body) of the experimental rack.
The movable side panels are respectively fixed through the ore removal panel and the corresponding harness cord screw on the wooden template.
The movable side panels are respectively provided with a plurality of groups, and the gradient and the interval of the through groove drawn out by the step dividing plates of each group are different.
And (5) manufacturing a step distance partition plate. The step distance partition plate is made of a 1mm thick tin plate, and the area shape of the step distance partition plate is consistent with the area shape of the caving ore layer. The step dividing plate has to ensure small thickness and certain bending strength and is not easy to deform. A circular hole with the diameter of 2.0cm is drilled on the center line of the step distance dividing plate along the width direction at intervals of 20 cm.
The step distance partition plates are respectively provided with a plurality of groups, and the step distance partition plates in each group are different in shape and size. The step distance partition plates comprise groups of step distance partition plates which can be correspondingly matched with movable side panels of the ore drawing experiment box with different end wall inclination angles and different section heights.
And (5) manufacturing and installing the auxiliary back plate by drawing out the step distance partition plate. The auxiliary back plate for drawing out the step dividing plate is made of wood plates, and a round hole with the diameter of 2.0cm is drilled at intervals of 5 cm. And a step distance partition plate is arranged at a position of the step distance partition plate of the ore drawing experiment box along the width direction with the horizontal height of the center line close to the horizontal height, and the auxiliary back plate is drawn out.
And (5) extracting the step distance dividing plate. When the step distance partition plate is pulled out, a harness cord screw with the diameter of 1.6cm is used, the harness cord screw is firstly inserted into a round hole in the step distance partition plate, then the harness cord screw is inserted into a corresponding hole of the step distance partition plate which is pulled out of the auxiliary back plate, and an experimenter pushes the harness cord screw to pull out the step distance partition plate from an experimental box. And after the step is drawn out for 20cm, inserting the harness cord screw into the next hole of the step distance partition plate, and repeating the steps until the step distance partition plate is completely drawn out. The design is suitable for setting and extracting the step distance partition plate in a small experiment space.
The test principle of the device of the invention is as follows:
the invention belongs to an ore drawing physical simulation experiment method, which is applied to a physical simulation experiment of ore drawing in a caving stope. The purpose of the experiment is as follows: after the ore drawing rule of a certain mining method scheme is mastered through a physical simulation experiment, the obtained experiment result can be verified through a field experiment, so that the ore drawing work in mine engineering practice is improved, a higher ore recovery rate is obtained, and a mine enterprise obtains higher economic benefit.
The loss and dilution indexes of ore drawing in a caving stope are forecasted by widely comparing and selecting the structural parameters and the ore drawing system of a mining method through physical model ore drawing experiments at home and abroad.
(1) Ore drawing physical simulation experiment method
On a model which is similar to the geometry and mechanics of an on-site ore drawing system, an experimental laboratory experiment which enables the model ore drawing process and the on-site ore drawing process to be similar to the physics is called an ore drawing physical simulation experiment. The method can be used for researching the motion rule of the caving rock in the ore drawing process, the loss and dilution of the caving rock in the ore drawing process, the pressure display rule on the stope sill in the ore drawing process, the optimization and improvement of the mining method structure parameters and the ore drawing system and the like. The ore drawing test is carried out by using loose materials simulating the caving rock in the model, and the test is called a gravity ore drawing test.
According to different properties of research problems, ore drawing models are divided into a single model, a plane model and a three-dimensional model, and the device can simulate the three models.
(1) The lower part of the single model is provided with only one ore drawing opening. The method is used for researching the motion rule of the loose materials, the parameters and the development process of the ore discharging body, the ore loss and the mechanism of dilution during ore discharging at a single ore discharging opening. The model mainly researches the basic theory of ore drawing and provides original data for other model tests. The simulation range is small, and more accurate data can be obtained by repeated tests with larger simulation ratio. The mould bin is provided with a transparent glass wall, and the change of each section of the dispenser can be observed.
(2) The front surface of the plane model is also provided with a transparent glass wall, and the lower part of the plane model is provided with a row of ore drawing ports. The transparent glass wall is typically disposed along a cut plane in the center or side wall of a stope draw, stope run or mine. The model can be used for researching the motion law of loose materials on the section along the center or the side wall of the taphole and the problems of ore loss and dilution during the multi-taphole drawing. During ore drawing test, the movement process of the marking particles or the marking layer is directly observed, described or photographically recorded through the transparent glass wall. The ore drawing experiment box of the longitudinal plane model and the ore drawing experiment box of the transverse plane model in the device are plane models.
(3) The three-dimensional model thickens the material box according to the parameters of the simulated stope. The model simulates the ore drawing process of the whole or part of the stope and researches various ore drawing problems of the whole or part of the stope under different ore drawing systems. It can obtain the loss and depletion comprehensive index of whole stope. The three-dimensional model ore drawing experiment box is a three-dimensional model.
(2) Similar conditions of physical simulation ore drawing experiment
The gravity ore drawing experiment in a laboratory can meet the requirements of geometric similarity of a model and a real object and physical similarity of main physical quantities influencing the test result. Only in this way, the field ore drawing process can be reduced according to a certain proportion, the research is carried out in a laboratory, and then the research result is amplified according to the same proportion to obtain the field ore drawing process.
The physical similarity simulation experiment should satisfy the geometric similarity of the model and the real object and the physical similarity of the main physical quantity influencing the experiment result. According to a similar theory, if the two systems of field production and laboratory model simulation are similar, the following conditions should be satisfied: the similarity constants are equal, the similarity indicator number is equal to 1 or the similarity criterion is equal to a fixed number, the starting condition and the boundary condition are similar. It is difficult for complex engineering systems such as mining engineering to comply with all similar conditions, and therefore, it is common to adopt approximately similar methods, in an effort to satisfy the similarity of the physical quantities that play a major role, so that the experimental results have no essential difference from the actual production.
(1) Similarity of bulk materials
Other loose materials similar to those of the on-site caving rock can be applied as simulation loose materials, two conditions of equal internal friction angle and geometric similarity are met, approximate similarity of a gravity ore drawing model test is achieved, and the simulation loose materials are used for researching various ore drawing problems. The bulk factor of the model and the material may be different, and particular attention is paid to the conversion of the discharged volume by the weight of the discharged bulk material.
(2) Simulation of blasting (step distance dividing plate in the device of the invention)
In the model test, the plate drawing method is commonly used for simulating blasting. After the field blasting, the density of the dispersion becomes larger, and the density of the dispersion becomes smaller after the model is drawn. To reduce this effect, the step dividing plate should be as thin as possible, and part of the loose material should be filled into the end of the ore removal roadway before the plate is drawn.
(3) Simulation of model dimensions
The influence of model boundary on the development of the exosome. The size of the ore drawing model should meet the requirement of similar boundary conditions, so that the ore drawing test result does not generate large deviation. When the height of the model is insufficient and the thickness of the whole covering surrounding rock cannot be simulated, attention should be paid to the covering surrounding rock in the experiment process so that the experiment result is not influenced.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The experimental instrument for mining inclined medium-thick and thick ore bodies by a caving method comprises an experimental frame and a box body, wherein the box body is arranged on the experimental frame;
the panel includes organic glass panel and stride backplate, the curb plate includes the activity curb plate, fixed curb plate, the stride cuts apart the board, the organic glass panel mounting is on support body thickness expansion board, the stride backplate is installed on the experiment support body, it takes logical groove to take out to be equipped with the stride on the stride backplate and cuts apart the board, the stride cuts apart the board and takes out logical groove quantity more than 3, the stride cuts apart the board and takes out logical groove setting in the latter half of box, all stride cut apart the board and take out logical groove homogeneous phase to vertical direction slope setting and incline direction unanimous, fixed curb plate installs the one end at the experiment support body, ore outlet sets up on fixed curb plate, the activity curb plate passes through the other end that the activity curb plate support mounting was at the experiment support body, activity curb plate support and experiment support body curb plate parallel arrangement.
2. The experimental instrument for mining inclined medium-thick and thick ore bodies by a caving method comprises an experimental frame and a box body, wherein the box body is arranged on the experimental frame;
the panel includes organic glass board, metal formwork, ore removal mouth template, and one side of box is metal formwork, and the opposite side is organic glass board and ore removal mouth template, and ore removal mouth template mounting is in organic glass board below, and the curb plate both sides are fixed curb plate, or curb plate one side is fixed curb plate, and the curb plate opposite side is the activity curb plate through activity curb plate support mounting, activity curb plate support and experiment support body curb plate parallel arrangement.
3. The experimental instrument for mining inclined medium-thick and thick ore bodies by a caving method comprises an experimental frame and a box body, wherein the box body is arranged on the experimental frame;
the curb plate is including relative fixed curb plate, the activity curb plate that sets up, fixed curb plate installs on the experiment support body, the panel includes that the stride separates supplementary backplate, ore removal panel, the stride cuts apart the board, the activity curb plate passes through the fixed stride of harness cord screw rod and separates between supplementary backplate and the ore removal panel, the logical groove is taken out to the stride cut apart the board that is equipped with mutual correspondence on fixed curb plate and the activity curb plate, the logical groove is taken out to the stride cut apart the board and is taken out logical groove and set up in the direction of height layering, the stride cut apart the board on every layer takes out logical groove quantity more than two, the stride cut apart the board on every layer takes out logical groove homogeneous phase to set up and the incline direction is the same to vertical direction slope, the stride cut apart the board that corresponds every layer on the ore removal panel takes out the logical groove and all set up the ore outlet, activity curb plate and fixed curb plate parallel arrangement.
4. A method of experimenting inclined medium-thick, thick ore bodies by caving mining according to claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
step 1, mounting a frame thickness expansion plate on an experimental frame by using bolts;
step 2, installing an organic glass panel on the front side of the experiment frame body, installing a step back plate on the back side of the experiment frame body, and installing a movable side plate support in the experiment box;
step 3, inserting the step dividing plate into the step dividing plate drawing-out through groove of the step back plate,
step 4, inserting an ore simulation access into the ore removal port;
step 5, filling experimental materials into the experimental box, wherein the experimental materials are divided into simulated ore materials and simulated waste stone materials, and marking particles are arranged layer by layer in the filling process;
step 6, after the filling is finished, drawing out a corresponding step distance partition plate to simulate blasting operation;
step 7, inserting a mine removal shovel into the simulation access to shovel the simulation ore material and the simulation waste rock material out of the model;
step 8, weighing the mass of the simulated ore material and the simulated waste rock material which are shoveled out each time by using an electronic scale, and recording the marking value of the marking particles;
9, stopping ore removal at the ore outlet when the mass ratio of the simulated ore materials to the simulated waste stone materials reaches or exceeds a specified value for 3 times continuously;
step 10, calculating the recovery rate and the depletion rate of the ore through statistical data, and obtaining the approximate form of the discharging body by a method for recovering the marker particles.
5. A method of experimenting equipment for caving mining of inclined thick and medium ore bodies according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
step 1, installing a frame thickness expansion plate on an experimental frame by using bolts;
step 2, installing an organic glass plate and a mine outlet template on the front side of the experimental frame body;
step 3, mounting a metal template on the back of the experiment frame body;
step 4, inserting a simulation access into the ore removal port;
step 5, filling experimental materials into the experimental box, wherein the experimental materials are divided into simulated ore materials and simulated waste stone materials, and marking particles are arranged layer by layer in the filling process;
step 6, inserting a mine removal shovel into a corresponding simulation access, and shoveling the simulation ore material and the simulation waste rock material out of the model;
step 7, weighing the mass of the simulated ore material and the simulated waste rock material shoveled each time by using an electronic scale, and respectively recording the mass; and recording the mark value of the marking particles;
step 8, stopping ore removal at a ore outlet when the mass ratio of the simulated ore materials to the simulated waste stone materials at the ore outlet for 3 times reaches or exceeds a specified value;
and 9, calculating the recovery rate and the depletion rate of the ore according to the statistical data, and obtaining the approximate form of the discharging body by a method for recovering the marker particles.
6. A method of experimenting equipment for caving mining of inclined thick and medium ore bodies according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
step 1, mounting a frame thickness expansion plate on an experimental frame by using bolts;
step 2, mounting a mine removal panel on the front side of the experiment frame body, and mounting a step distance partition plate on the back side of the experiment frame body to draw out the auxiliary back plate, the metal template and the wood template;
step 3, connecting and fastening the ore removal panel and the wood template of the experimental box by using a harness cord screw;
step 4, inserting the movable side panel between the harness cord screws for fixing;
step 5, installing a fixed side panel;
step 6, drawing the corresponding step dividing plate out of the through groove through the step dividing plate on the movable side plate, and inserting the corresponding step dividing plate on the fixed side plate into the through groove;
step 7, inserting a simulation access into the ore removal port;
step 8, filling experimental materials into the experimental box, wherein the experimental materials are divided into simulated ore materials and simulated waste rock materials, the colors of the simulated waste rock materials in different layers are different, and the marking particles are arranged layer by layer in the filling process;
step 9, after the filling is finished, drawing out a corresponding step distance partition plate to simulate blasting operation;
step 10, inserting a mine removal shovel into a corresponding layered simulation access, and shoveling the simulation ore material and the simulation waste rock material out of the model;
step 11, weighing the mass of the simulated ore material and the simulated waste rock material shoveled each time by using an electronic scale, and respectively recording the mass; and recording the marking value of the marking particles;
step 12, stopping ore drawing at a certain ore drawing port when the mass ratio of the simulated ore materials to the simulated waste stone materials which appear at the ore drawing port for 3 times continuously reaches or exceeds a specified value;
and step 13, calculating the recovery rate and the depletion rate of the ore according to the statistical data, and obtaining the approximate form of the discharging body by a method for recovering the marker particles.
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| CN201810003662.2A CN108074469A (en) | 2018-01-03 | 2018-01-03 | The laboratory apparatus and experimental method of inclined middle thick, the thick ore body of Caving Method with Large Space back production |
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| CN109387458B (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2021-06-11 | 东北大学 | Method and device for measuring flow parameters of discrete bodies based on random medium ore drawing theory |
| CN110308260A (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2019-10-08 | 甘肃酒钢集团宏兴钢铁股份有限公司 | A kind of chamber of Side ore drawing analog simulation and its application method of dimension adjustable |
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| CN101424186B (en) * | 2007-11-01 | 2012-05-30 | 宝钢集团上海梅山有限公司 | Method for recovering disc ore on incline ore block |
| CN102390727A (en) * | 2011-05-31 | 2012-03-28 | 河北联合大学 | Large-scale three-dimensional (3D) ore drawing simulation model |
| CN102706710B (en) * | 2012-06-12 | 2014-01-29 | 东北大学 | Experimental device for making ore-drawing physical analogue simulation experiment model |
| CN104141494B (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-06-01 | 东北大学 | A kind of gently inclined medium thick orebody back production physics emulation research device and using method thereof |
| CN104847356B (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2017-01-11 | 西北矿冶研究院 | Mining method of thin and small ore body |
| CN105261291B (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2017-11-03 | 西安科技大学 | A kind of Ore Drawing for Caving Method experimental model |
| CN205187393U (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-04-27 | 华北理工大学 | Three -dimensional ore drawing model of multi -functional large scale and ore drawing simulation shovel thereof |
| CN205827773U (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-12-21 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of simulation ore drawing assay device |
| CN106226191A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2016-12-14 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | A kind of Side ore drawing barren rock that measures is mixed into the experimental technique of situation |
| CN106128268B (en) * | 2016-08-24 | 2022-04-15 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Simulation device and method for actual ore body excavation |
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| CN208521522U (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2019-02-19 | 北京科技大学 | The laboratory apparatus of inclined middle thick, the thick ore body of Caving Method with Large Space back production |
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