CN104237462B - A kind of steeply pitching seam waste filling test unit and test method - Google Patents
A kind of steeply pitching seam waste filling test unit and test method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104237462B CN104237462B CN201410440813.2A CN201410440813A CN104237462B CN 104237462 B CN104237462 B CN 104237462B CN 201410440813 A CN201410440813 A CN 201410440813A CN 104237462 B CN104237462 B CN 104237462B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000010878 waste rock Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of steeply pitching seam waste filling test unit and test method, casing is for being in tilted layout, angle between bottom plate and horizontal line is 45 °-70 °, top board and base plate is furnished with above bottom plate, form arrangement space between top board and base plate, in this arrangement space, be furnished with emulation coal seam block, after the block excavation of emulation coal seam, in the goaf formed, be filled with emulation spoil, the upper end of this arrangement space is provided with filling mouth, and lower end is provided with excavation mouth; Be filled with emulation rock stratum particle in casing between top board and upper cover plate, the upper surface of emulation rock stratum particle is furnished with emulation rock stratum block.High speed camera is utilized to take pictures to process of the test, be conducive to the description of experimental phenomena, by adjusting the height between four telescope supports, different coal seam angles can be realized, by the height of adjustment arranged on left and right sides adjustment plate, different thickness of coal seam can being realized, by selecting different material of roof plate and baseboard material, different roof and floor types can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a test device and a test method for waste rock filling of a steep coal seam.
Background
The annual output of the steeply inclined coal seam in China accounts for 8-10% of the total amount of coal in China, and the proportion is increased year by year. Because the steep coal seam has large occurrence angle, complicated geological structure and easy sliding collapse of the top and the bottom plates, more potential safety hazards exist in production, and the mining process is complicated, thereby restricting the safe and efficient mining of the steep coal seam.
Aiming at the occurrence condition of the steeply inclined coal seam, the goaf of the steeply inclined coal seam is filled by utilizing the movement of the waste rock under the action of the dead weight, so that the movement of the top floor and the bottom floor of the coal seam can be effectively slowed down, the deformation of the top floor and the bottom floor is reduced, the safe mining of a working face is ensured, the ground waste rock discharge amount can be reduced, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the method has important significance for realizing the safe and high-efficiency green mining of the coal mine.
The method has the advantages that the influence factors of the migration rule and the filling effect of the waste rock in the goaf are determined, and the method has important significance for improving the waste rock filling rate of the goaf and effectively controlling the movement of the coal bed top and bottom plates. However, due to the complex occurrence conditions of the coal seam, the goaf is filled with the gangue, a monitoring instrument cannot be installed inside the goaf, and the migration process of the gangue in the goaf is invisible and inaccessible, so that great difficulty is brought to theoretical research and field observation. Therefore, reproducing the mining and filling process through similar material simulation tests becomes an important means for researching the intrinsic rule thereof. Because the steeply inclined coal seam inclination is great, the model is piled up the difficulty, and the material collapses easily, and the reliability of test result also can not be guaranteed, changes the test scheme moreover and need rebuild the model and test, and is consuming time hard, work load is big. Accordingly, the prior art is subject to further improvement and development.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a steep coal seam gangue filling test device and a test method, which are used for analyzing and researching the migration rule and filling effect influence factors of the gangue in the mined-out goaf of the steep coal seam.
In order to solve the technical problem, the scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
a steep coal seam waste filling test device comprises a box body, wherein the box body comprises a left adjusting plate, a right adjusting plate, a front baffle, a rear baffle, a lower supporting plate and an upper cover plate, the box body is obliquely arranged, an included angle between the lower supporting plate and a horizontal line is 45-70 degrees, a top plate and a bottom plate are arranged above the lower supporting plate, an arrangement space is formed between the top plate and the bottom plate, a simulation coal layer block is arranged in the arrangement space, simulation waste rock is filled in a formed goaf after the simulation coal layer block is excavated, a filling opening is formed in the upper end of the arrangement space, and an excavation opening is formed in the lower end of the arrangement space; simulated rock stratum particles are filled in the box body between the top plate and the upper cover plate, and simulated rock stratum blocks are arranged on the upper surfaces of the simulated rock stratum particles.
The test device for filling the waste rock in the steeply inclined coal seam is characterized in that a plurality of displacement sensors are uniformly arranged on the surface of one side, facing the upper cover plate, of the top plate; a pressure sensor is arranged at the upper end of the simulated coal layer block positioned at the filling port before excavation; the front of the box body is provided with a high-speed camera, and the displacement sensor, the pressure sensor and the high-speed camera are all in communication connection with a data acquisition unit.
The test device is filled to steeply inclined coal seam waste rock, wherein, be provided with the bayonet lock in the above-mentioned excavation mouth, the roof all is connected through connecting the horn plate with left adjusting plate, right adjusting plate.
The high-dipping coal seam waste filling test device is characterized in that the box body is provided with a supporting mechanism, the supporting mechanism comprises four telescopic supports for adjusting the inclination of the box body, two telescopic supports are hinged on the left adjusting plate, and the rest two telescopic supports are hinged on the lower supporting plate.
A test method using the steep coal seam gangue filling test device comprises the following steps:
A. the included angle between the lower supporting plate and the horizontal line is 45-70 degrees, a plurality of displacement sensors are uniformly arranged on the surface of one side, facing the upper cover plate, of the top plate, a plurality of simulated coal layer blocks are placed in the arrangement space and connected into a string, a pressure sensor is adhered to the upper end of each simulated coal layer block positioned at the filling port, and a clamping pin is placed at the excavation port and used for preventing the simulated coal layer blocks from freely sliding down; simulated rock stratum particles are filled in the box body between the top plate and the upper cover plate, the upper surfaces of the simulated rock stratum particles are flush with the filling port, simulated rock stratum blocks are arranged on the upper surfaces of the simulated rock stratum particles, and the simulated rock stratum particles and the simulated rock stratum blocks form an overlying rock stratum of the coal bed;
B. removing a simulation coal seam block with a certain length at the excavation port to simulate coal seam excavation, and synchronously filling simulation waste rocks at the filling port to simulate goaf waste rock filling; the high-speed camera shoots the migration process of the simulated gangue, and the deformation of the top plate and the acting force of the simulated gangue on the simulated coal bed block are recorded through the corresponding sensors; and D, repeating the step B until the simulated coal seam block is excavated and the goaf is filled.
According to the steep coal seam waste rock filling test device and the test method provided by the invention, the front baffle of the filling model frame is made of organic glass, so that the test phenomenon can be visually observed, the test process is photographed by using a high-speed camera, the description of the test phenomenon is facilitated, different coal seam angles can be realized by adjusting the heights of the four telescopic supports, different coal seam thicknesses can be realized by adjusting the heights of the left side adjusting plate and the right side adjusting plate, and different top plate types and bottom plate types can be realized by selecting different top plate materials and bottom plate materials. Corresponding sensors can be arranged on the steeply inclined coal seam waste filling test device, a computer and other data acquisition and analysis systems are configured, analysis and research are carried out on factors affecting migration rules and filling effects of waste rocks in a goaf of steeply inclined coal seam mining, and all factors in the test process can be adjusted by adjusting the steeply inclined coal seam waste filling test device, so that the test cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a main mechanism of a waste rock filling test device for a steep inclined coal seam in the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the case of the present invention;
wherein,
1-a left adjusting plate; 2-right adjusting plate; 3-front baffle; 4-a rear baffle; 5-a lower supporting plate; 6-upper cover plate; 7-a top plate; 8-simulating a coal seam block; 9-simulation gangue; 10-a filling port; 11-digging a mouth; 12-simulated formation particles; 13-a simulated rock formation block; 14-a displacement sensor; 15-a pressure sensor; 16-a high-speed camera; 17-a data collector; 18-bayonet lock; 19-connecting corner plates; 20-a telescopic bracket; 21-adjusting screw hole group; 22-bottom plate.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a steep coal seam gangue filling test device and a test method, and the invention is further described in detail below in order to make the purpose, technical scheme and effect of the invention clearer and more clear and definite. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a waste rock filling test device for a steep coal seam, which comprises a box body as shown in figures 1 and 2, wherein the box body comprises a left adjusting plate 1, a right adjusting plate 2, a front baffle plate 3, a rear baffle plate 4, a lower supporting plate 5 and an upper cover plate 6, the box body is obliquely arranged, an included angle between the lower supporting plate 5 and the horizontal line is 45-70 degrees, a top plate 7 and a bottom plate 22 are arranged above the lower supporting plate 5, an arrangement space is formed between the top plate 7 and the bottom plate 22, a simulation coal layer block 8 is arranged in the arrangement space, a simulation waste rock 9 is filled in a goaf formed after the simulation coal layer block 8 is excavated, a filling opening 10 is formed in the upper end of the arrangement space, and an excavation opening 11 is formed in the lower end of the arrangement space; simulated rock stratum particles 12 are filled in the box body between the top plate 7 and the upper cover plate 6, and simulated rock stratum blocks 13 are arranged on the upper surfaces of the simulated rock stratum particles 12.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of displacement sensors 14 are uniformly arranged on the surface of the top plate 7 facing the upper cover plate 6; a pressure sensor 15 is arranged at the upper end of the simulated coal layer block 8 positioned at the filling port before excavation; the front of the box body is provided with a high-speed camera 16, the displacement sensor 14, the pressure sensor 15 and the high-speed camera 16 are all in communication connection with a data acquisition unit 17, and the data acquisition unit 17 can be a notebook computer, a desktop computer and other equipment.
Furthermore, a clamping pin 18 is arranged in the excavation opening 11 to prevent the simulated coal seam block 8 from freely sliding out of the excavation opening 11, so that errors occur in the test, and the top plate 7 is connected with the left adjusting plate 1 and the right adjusting plate 2 through a connecting angle plate 19.
And above-mentioned box disposes supporting mechanism, and this supporting mechanism includes four telescopic bracket 20 for the gradient of adjustment box, and then the inclination of adjustment arrangement space interior emulation coal seam piece 8, through the height of adjustment left and right both sides adjusting plate, can realize different coal seam thickness, through selecting different roof material and bottom plate material, can realize different roof and bottom plate types, thereby can carry out the more detailed research of analysis to steeply inclined coal seam mining goaf waste rock migration rule and filling effect influence factor. Two telescopic supports 20 are hinged on the left adjusting plate 1, the remaining two telescopic supports 20 are hinged on the lower supporting plate 5, and the telescopic supports 20 can adopt the technical means of hydraulic supports and the like.
The invention also provides a test method using the steep coal seam gangue filling test device, which comprises the following steps:
the included angle between the lower supporting plate 5 and the horizontal line is 45-70 degrees, a plurality of displacement sensors 14 are uniformly arranged on the surface of the top plate 7 facing the upper side of the cover plate 6, a plurality of simulated coal layer blocks 8 are arranged in the arrangement space, the simulated coal layer blocks 8 are connected into a string, a pressure sensor 15 is adhered to the upper end head of the simulated coal layer block 8 positioned at the filling port, and a clamping pin 18 is arranged at the excavation port 11 and used for preventing the simulated coal layer blocks 8 from freely sliding out of the excavation port 11; simulated rock stratum particles 12 are filled in the box body between the top plate 7 and the upper cover plate 6, the upper surfaces of the simulated rock stratum particles 12 are flush with the filling port 10, simulated rock stratum blocks 13 are arranged on the upper surfaces of the simulated rock stratum particles 12, and the simulated rock stratum particles 12 and the simulated rock stratum blocks 13 form an overlying rock stratum of the coal bed;
removing a simulation coal layer block 8 with a certain length at an excavation opening 11 to simulate coal seam excavation, and synchronously filling simulation waste rocks 9 at a filling opening 10 to simulate goaf waste rock filling; the high-speed camera 16 shoots the migration process of the simulated gangue 9, and the deformation of the top plate 7 and the acting force of the simulated gangue 9 on the simulated coal bed block 8 are recorded through corresponding sensors; and repeating the steps until the simulated coal seam block 8 is excavated and the goaf is filled. Obviously, in order to obtain different test data, parameters such as the inclination angle, the coal seam thickness and the type of the top bottom plate of the box body can be adjusted, and the test is carried out again, so that the test cost is reduced.
In order to further describe the present invention, the following examples are given by way of illustration and not by way of limitation.
The size of the box body is 1m multiplied by 1.05m multiplied by 6 cm; the height of the rear baffle 4 and the front baffle 3 is 1.05m, the left side and the right side of the rear baffle 4 and the front baffle 3 are provided with adjusting screw hole groups 21, and each group of adjusting screw hole groups 21 consists of 3 screw holes with a distance of 1 cm; the front baffle 3 is an organic glass baffle; the height of the left adjusting plate 1 and the right adjusting plate 2 is 1 m; the lower supporting plate 5 is connected with the telescopic bracket 20 through a hinge; the upper part of the lower supporting plate 5 is provided with a bottom plate 22, and the upper surface of the bottom plate 22 has certain roughness; the top plate 7 is connected with the left adjusting plate 1 and the right adjusting plate 2 through a connecting angle plate 19, and the top plate 7 has certain flexibility; the lower surface of the top plate 7 has certain roughness; the top plate 7 divides the box body space into an upper part and a lower part, the upper part of the top plate 7 is provided with simulated rock stratum particles 12, the upper part of the simulated rock stratum particles 12 is provided with simulated rock stratum blocks 13, and the length of each simulated coal stratum block 8 is 10 cm. The maximum extension height of the telescopic bracket 20 is 1m, and the minimum shortening height is 0.2 m; the information acquisition equipment mainly comprises a displacement sensor 14 adhered to the surface of the top plate 7, a pressure sensor 15 adhered to the upper end head part of the simulated coal layer block 8, a high-speed camera 16 and a data acquisition unit 17.
The method for carrying out the filling test by using the steep coal seam gangue filling test device comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: selecting corresponding screw holes in the adjusting screw hole group 21 according to a test scheme, and connecting the left adjusting plate 1, the right adjusting plate 2, the front baffle plate 3 and the rear baffle plate 4 by using screws; sticking a displacement sensor 14 on the surface of the top plate 7 every 10 cm; connecting the top plate 7 with one end of the left adjusting plate 1 and one end of the right adjusting plate 2 through a connecting angle plate 19; connecting the bottom plate 22 with the lower supporting plate 5; connecting the lower supporting plate 5 with the front baffle plate 3 and the rear baffle plate 4; two telescopic supports 20 are hinged with the right adjusting plate 2, and two telescopic supports 20 are hinged with the lower supporting plate 5.
The second step is that: adjusting the heights of the four telescopic supports 20 to enable the arrangement space to incline by 60 degrees; a pressure sensor 15 is pasted at the upper end of the simulated coal layer block 8 positioned at the filling port, the simulated coal layer block 8 is arranged in the arrangement space, and one end pasted with the pressure sensor 15 is arranged towards the direction of the simulated gangue 9; the simulated coal seam blocks 8 are connected into a string by thin lines, and a bayonet 18 is arranged at the excavation port 11 to prevent the simulated coal seam blocks 8 from freely sliding down; the upper part of the top plate 7 is filled with simulated rock stratum particles 12 from bottom to top, and a simulated rock stratum block 13 is placed on the upper part of the simulated rock stratum particles 12.
The third step: the displacement sensor 14, the pressure sensor 15 and the high-speed camera 16 are connected with a data collector 17, the high-speed camera 16 is arranged on the corresponding side frame of the box body, the whole arrangement space is covered by the lens collection range, for example, the high-speed camera 16 is arranged on the front surface of the box body, and shooting is carried out through the front baffle 3.
The fourth step: removing a simulation coal layer block 8 at an excavation opening 11 to simulate coal seam excavation, and filling simulation waste rocks 9 at a filling opening 10 to simulate goaf waste rock filling; photographing the migration process of the simulation gangue 9 by using a high-speed camera 16, and recording the deformation of the top plate 7 and the acting force of the simulation gangue 9 on the simulation coal bed block 8; and repeating the steps until the simulated coal seam block 8 is excavated and the goaf is filled.
The fifth step: according to the test scheme, the thickness and the angle of the simulation coal seam block 8, the materials of the top plate 7 and the bottom plate 22 and the like are adjusted to perform the test again, and the filling effect under different factors is analyzed and compared.
It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. The steep coal seam waste filling test device comprises a box body and is characterized in that the box body comprises a left adjusting plate, a right adjusting plate, a front baffle, a rear baffle, a lower supporting plate and an upper cover plate, the box body is obliquely arranged, the included angle between the lower supporting plate and the horizontal line is 45-70 degrees, a top plate and a bottom plate are arranged above the lower supporting plate, an arrangement space is formed between the top plate and the bottom plate, a simulation coal layer block is arranged in the arrangement space, simulation waste rock is filled in a formed goaf after the simulation coal layer block is excavated, a filling opening is formed in the upper end of the arrangement space, and an excavation opening is formed in the lower end of the arrangement space; simulated rock stratum particles are filled in the box body between the top plate and the upper cover plate, and simulated rock stratum blocks are arranged on the upper surfaces of the simulated rock stratum particles;
a plurality of displacement sensors are uniformly arranged on the surface of the top plate facing the upper cover plate; a pressure sensor is arranged at the upper end of the simulated coal layer block positioned at the filling port before excavation; the front surface of the box body is provided with a high-speed camera, and the displacement sensor, the pressure sensor and the high-speed camera are all in communication connection with a data acquisition unit;
a clamping pin is arranged in the excavation port, and the top plate is connected with the left adjusting plate and the right adjusting plate through connecting corner plates;
the box body is provided with a supporting mechanism, the supporting mechanism comprises four telescopic supports for adjusting the inclination of the box body, wherein two telescopic supports are hinged on the left adjusting plate, and the rest two telescopic supports are hinged on the lower supporting plate.
2. A test method using the steeply inclined coal seam gangue filling test device of claim 1, which comprises the following steps:
A. the included angle between the lower supporting plate and the horizontal line is 45-70 degrees, a plurality of displacement sensors are uniformly arranged on the surface of one side, facing the upper cover plate, of the top plate, a plurality of simulated coal layer blocks are placed in the arrangement space and connected into a string, a pressure sensor is adhered to the upper end of each simulated coal layer block positioned at the filling port, and a clamping pin is placed at the excavation port and used for preventing the simulated coal layer blocks from freely sliding down; simulated rock stratum particles are filled in the box body between the top plate and the upper cover plate, the upper surfaces of the simulated rock stratum particles are flush with the filling port, simulated rock stratum blocks are arranged on the upper surfaces of the simulated rock stratum particles, and the simulated rock stratum particles and the simulated rock stratum blocks form an overlying rock stratum of the coal bed;
B. removing a simulation coal seam block with a certain length at the excavation port to simulate coal seam excavation, and synchronously filling simulation waste rocks at the filling port to simulate goaf waste rock filling; the high-speed camera shoots the migration process of the simulated gangue, and the deformation of the top plate and the acting force of the simulated gangue on the simulated coal bed block are recorded through the corresponding sensors; and D, repeating the step B until the simulated coal seam block is excavated and the goaf is filled.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105336263A (en) * | 2015-11-21 | 2016-02-17 | 中国矿业大学 | Steep dip analog simulation experimental platform |
| CN105510554A (en) * | 2016-01-07 | 2016-04-20 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Steeply inclined coal seam horizontal segmentation full-mechanized caving mining simulation experiment table and method |
| CN108508184B (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2023-08-18 | 山东科技大学 | Device and method for simulating subsidence of surface of coal seam mining under complex condition |
| CN108593880B (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2023-09-19 | 山东科技大学 | Automatic test device and method for mining earth surface movement test |
| CN108692966A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-10-23 | 山东矿机华能装备制造有限公司 | Hydraulic support analogue test platform |
| CN110954671B (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2024-01-26 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Fully-mechanized caving mining simulation experiment device and method based on stress luminescent material |
| CN109540572B (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2024-06-14 | 河北工程大学 | Intelligent simulation test device for coal mine filling |
| CN113029794B (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2022-02-11 | 中国矿业大学 | Three-dimensional similarity simulation device and method for gangue self-sliding filling in goaf of steep coal seam |
| CN114152733A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-03-08 | 安徽理工大学 | Indoor experiment system and method for simulating stope filling |
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| FR2440873A1 (en) * | 1978-11-07 | 1980-06-06 | Henon Bernard | Coal bag filling machine - has inclined chute with dust collector and roller conveyor for filled bags |
| CN102402892B (en) * | 2011-05-12 | 2013-07-17 | 中国矿业大学 | Device and method for carrying out filling mining plane strain simulation test |
| CN103742148B (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2016-08-17 | 山东科技大学 | The soft coal-mining method covering the descending waste filling of supporting of a kind of half-edge coal seam |
| CN204203189U (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2015-03-11 | 山东科技大学 | A kind of steeply pitching seam waste filling test unit |
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