CN112434414A - Method for calculating prestress natural vibration frequency of fan tower - Google Patents
Method for calculating prestress natural vibration frequency of fan tower Download PDFInfo
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- CN112434414A CN112434414A CN202011296819.9A CN202011296819A CN112434414A CN 112434414 A CN112434414 A CN 112434414A CN 202011296819 A CN202011296819 A CN 202011296819A CN 112434414 A CN112434414 A CN 112434414A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2113/00—Details relating to the application field
- G06F2113/06—Wind turbines or wind farms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F2119/00—Details relating to the type or aim of the analysis or the optimisation
- G06F2119/14—Force analysis or force optimisation, e.g. static or dynamic forces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/30—Wind power
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for calculating the prestress natural vibration frequency of a fan tower, which comprises the following steps: s1: simplifying the actual spatial structure of the tower drum into a planar structure of the tower drum perpendicular to the ground, and constructing a single-degree-of-freedom system mechanical model by taking the bottom center point of the tower drum as an origin, the main wind direction as an x axis and the vertical direction as a z axis; s2: setting bending rigidity EI (z) and mass density m (z) of the tower planar structure, wherein the bending rigidity EI (z) and the mass density m (z) are linearly changed along the vertical direction; s3: simplifying an engine and a hub at the top of a tower drum into a concentrated mass M, wherein the prestress of the concentrated mass M on the tower drum is the vertical pressure N (Mg) generated by the dead weight of the concentrated mass; s4: and (4) solving a first-order inherent prestress frequency value of the tower structure of the wind turbine according to a Rayleigh energy method. The calculation method can realize the calculation of the prestress natural vibration frequency of the tower drum of the fan, and can be convenient for mastering the dynamic characteristics of the tower drum.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind driven generator structures, in particular to a method for calculating the prestress natural vibration frequency of a wind turbine tower.
Background
In recent years, wind power generation has been continuously focused and intensively developed in various countries because wind energy has the outstanding advantages of reproducibility, no pollution, wide distribution, low cost and the like. Since the last 90 years, the frustum-shaped steel tube tower gradually becomes the mainstream tower structure form of the current wind turbine due to the characteristics of simple installation and maintenance, high rigidity, tower climbing safety and the like.
The tower cylinder of the wind turbine consists of a plurality of sections of steel cone cylinders, each section is connected with a flange through a bolt, the mass of the tower cylinder is mainly concentrated on the top of the tower cylinder, and the first-order vibration mode control is mainly used. In the long-term service process of the tower barrel, on one hand, the tower barrel is always in a small vibration state due to wind load and wave load; on the other hand, the action of hurricanes, earthquakes, etc. can cause severe flutter deformation of the tower, possibly resulting in catastrophic accidents of the whole wind turbine unit being destroyed. Therefore, mastering the dynamic characteristics of the tower drum is important for guaranteeing the safety of the tower drum in the service period.
Because the frustum type tower cylinder is composed of a plurality of sections of steel cone cylinders, the diameter and the wall thickness of each section of cone cylinder are not consistent, in addition, for a wind driven generator with the mass mainly concentrated on the top of the tower cylinder, stress and pre-deformation can be generated under the action of a machine head load, so that the rigidity of the tower cylinder is changed, and further the modal frequency and the vibration mode of the tower cylinder are influenced.
Because the inherent frequency of the tower drum of the wind driven generator is influenced by multiple factors, no calculation method for the inherent frequency of the prestress of the tower drum of the wind driven generator is available at present, and difficulty is brought to mastering of the dynamic characteristics of the tower drum.
Therefore, how to calculate the prestress natural vibration frequency of the wind turbine tower is a technical problem which needs to be solved by the technical personnel in the field at present.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a method for calculating a prestressed natural frequency of a wind turbine tower, which can calculate the prestressed natural frequency of the wind turbine tower.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for calculating the prestress natural vibration frequency of a wind turbine tower comprises the following steps:
s1: simplifying the actual spatial structure of the tower drum into a planar structure of the tower drum perpendicular to the ground, and constructing a single-degree-of-freedom system mechanical model by taking the bottom center point of the tower drum as an origin, the main wind direction as an x axis and the vertical direction as a z axis;
s2: setting bending rigidity EI (z) and mass density m (z) of the tower planar structure, wherein the bending rigidity EI (z) and the mass density m (z) are linearly changed along the vertical direction;
s3: simplifying an engine and a hub at the top of a tower drum into a concentrated mass M, wherein the prestress of the concentrated mass M on the tower drum is the vertical pressure N (Mg) generated by the dead weight of the concentrated mass;
s4: and (4) solving a first-order inherent prestress frequency value of the tower structure of the wind turbine according to a Rayleigh energy method.
Preferably, before S4, the method further includes:
s41: constructing a deformation shape function psi (z) of the fan simplified model under a specific horizontal load:
in the formula, z belongs to [0, H ], and H is the height of the tower in a vertical state.
Preferably, before S4, the method further includes:
s42: calculating generalized mass m of simplified model of wind turbine tower*：
In the formula, rho is the material density, t is the weighted average thickness of the cylinder wall, D is the middle diameter of the bottom of the tower cylinder, D is the middle diameter of the top of the tower cylinder, m' is the sum of the mass of a flange plate, a top cabin, an engine and bolts, and H is the height of the tower cylinder in a vertical state.
Preferably, before S4, the method further includes:
s43: calculating generalized bending rigidity k of simplified model of wind turbine tower*：
Wherein E is the elastic modulus of the material, H is the height of the tower in a vertical state,
the average equivalent moment of inertia of the tower section is taken as the average equivalent moment of inertia of the tower section;
wherein the average equivalent moment of inertia of the tower section
In the formula, D is the middle diameter of the bottom of the tower cylinder, D is the middle diameter of the top of the tower cylinder, and t is the weighted average thickness of the cylinder wall.
Preferably, before S4, the method further includes:
s44: generalized geometric rigidity of simplified model of wind turbine tower is solved
Preferably, before S4, the method further includes:
s45: joint generalized stiffness for solving simplified model of wind turbine tower
Preferably, the first-order inherent prestress frequency value f:
wherein rho is the material density, t is the weighted average thickness of the cylinder wall, D is the middle diameter of the bottom of the tower, D is the middle diameter of the top of the tower, m' is the sum of the mass of a flange, a top cabin, an engine and bolts, E is the elastic modulus of the material, H is the height of the tower,
the average equivalent moment of inertia of the tower section is shown.
The method for calculating the prestress natural vibration frequency of the wind turbine tower can realize the calculation of the prestress natural vibration frequency of the wind turbine tower and can facilitate the mastering of the power characteristics of the tower.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a general flow chart of a calculation method provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a model for simplifying an actual tower structure into a generalized distribution flexible single degree of freedom system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a deformation shape function of a simplified model of a fan constructed according to the present invention under a specific load in a horizontal direction;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3.2MW wind turbine to which the calculation method provided by the present invention is applied.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The core of the invention is to provide a method for calculating the prestress natural vibration frequency of the wind turbine tower, which can realize the calculation of the prestress natural vibration frequency of the wind turbine tower.
The invention provides a specific embodiment of a method for calculating the prestress natural vibration frequency of a fan tower, which comprises the following steps of:
s1: the actual space structure of the tower cylinder is simplified into a planar structure of the tower cylinder perpendicular to the ground, the bottom of the tower cylinder is taken as an original point, the horizontal direction is taken as an x axis, and the vertical direction is taken as a z axis, so that a single-degree-of-freedom system mechanical model is constructed.
The real wind turbine tower structure belongs to an infinite freedom degree structure system, and can be simplified into a single freedom degree system according to a mechanical principle of generalized distribution flexibility. As shown in FIG. 2, the tower planar structure is a two-dimensional planar structure in a z-axis-x-axis planar coordinate system. The central point of the bottom surface of the tower barrel is taken as the origin of coordinates, the vertical direction is taken as the z axis, the main wind direction is taken as the x axis, and the main wind direction can be the horizontal direction.
S2: and setting the bending rigidity EI (z) and the mass density m (z) of the tower tube plane structure.
The bending stiffness EI (z) and the mass density m (z) both vary along the height direction of the tower, i.e. the vertical direction.
S3: the engine and the hub at the top of the tower barrel are simplified into a concentrated mass M, and the prestress of the tower barrel is the vertical pressure N (Mg) generated by the self weight of the concentrated mass.
Wherein, the X-direction displacement of the tower top at the T moment is X (T), and the X-direction displacement of the tower barrel at the T moment and the height is z is v (z, T).
S4: and (4) solving a first-order inherent prestress frequency value of the tower structure of the wind turbine according to a Rayleigh energy method.
Based on the assumptions from S1 to S3, a basis is provided for the use of the Rayleigh energy method, the first-order inherent prestress frequency value of the wind turbine tower structure can be further solved, and the engineering analytic solution of the first-order inherent prestress frequency of the wind turbine tower structure, which is not provided by the system at present, can be solved. The method may be applied in particular to onshore wind generators or offshore wind generators.
Further, before S4, the method further includes:
s41: the deformation shape function psi (z) of the simplified fan model under the specific horizontal load is constructed, wherein the fan tower drum structure is simplified into a cantilever column, and the deflection line generated by the free end of the cantilever column under the action of the horizontally uniformly distributed load q is shown in fig. 3 according to the mechanics of materials, and the shape function psi (z) is:
wherein Z isH(T) is the x-direction displacement of the tower barrel at the T moment and the height H,
in the formula, z belongs to [0, H ], and H is the height of the tower in a vertical state, namely the height when the tower is not blown to be bent.
Further, before S4, the method further includes:
s42: calculating generalized mass m of simplified model of wind turbine tower*：
In the formula, rho is the material density, t is the weighted average thickness of the cylinder wall, D is the middle diameter of the bottom of the tower cylinder, D is the middle diameter of the top of the tower cylinder, and m' is the sum of the mass of a flange, a top cabin, an engine and bolts;
wherein, the weighted average thickness t of the cylinder wall is:
wherein n is a positive integer, which can be selected according to actual conditions.
Further, before S4, the method further includes:
s43: calculating generalized bending rigidity k of simplified model of wind turbine tower*：
Wherein E is the elastic modulus of the material, H is the height of the tower,
the average equivalent moment of inertia of the tower section is taken as the average equivalent moment of inertia of the tower section;
wherein the average equivalent moment of inertia of the tower section
Further, before S4, the method further includes:
s44: generalized geometric rigidity of simplified model of wind turbine tower is solved
In the formula, N is the prestress of the concentrated mass M to the tower, and the expression is N ═ Mg.
Further, before S4, the method further includes:
s45: joint generalized stiffness for solving simplified model of wind turbine tower
Further, the first-order inherent prestress frequency value f is specifically:
in the embodiment, for a given wind driven generator tower drum structure, the height, the section size, the drum wall thickness, the sectional material parameters, the tower drum nose pre-pressure parameters and the like of the tower drum can be changed at will, and a first-order inherent pre-stress frequency value of the bending vibration of the wind driven generator tower drum can be obtained quickly by using the formula, so that the problem that no first-order inherent pre-stress frequency calculation formula or method can be applied to wind driven generator tower drums with different given heights, section sizes, nose pre-pressures and different sectional material parameters is solved.
One specific application process of the calculation method provided in the above embodiment is as follows:
taking a 3.2MW wind driven generator shown in FIG. 4 as an example, generalized mass, generalized bending stiffness, generalized geometric stiffness and combined generalized stiffness of the wind driven generator are given, and a first-order inherent prestress frequency value of the wind turbine tower structure is calculated by a Rayleigh energy method.
The sea-mounted 3.2MW land fan tower cylinder is a variable-section variable-wall-thickness thin-wall steel structure, is 96.7m high and is divided into 5 sections. The weight of the wind wheel of the fan is 96.51t, the weight of the cabin is 126.75t, the total weight is 223.26t, and the weight of the flange plate and the tower is 250.76 t.
Middle 2 segments, height 15.7 m. The diameter of the segment in the bottom is 4.240m, the diameter in the top is 4.205m, the wall thickness of the bottom is 35mm, and the wall thickness of the upper part is 26 mm.
Middle 3 segments, height 22.2 m. The diameter of the segment in the bottom is 4.205m, and the diameter in the top is 4.140 m; the wall thickness of the bottom part is 26mm, and the wall thickness of the upper part is 19 mm.
Middle 4 segments, height 22.1 m. The diameter of the segment in the bottom is 4.140m, and the diameter in the top is 4.040 m; the wall thickness of the bottom part is 19mm, and the wall thickness of the upper part is 14 mm.
Top 5 segments, height 23.9 m. The diameter of the segment at the bottom was 4.040m, the diameter at the top was 3.943m, the wall thickness at the bottom was 14mm, and the wall thickness at the top was 11 mm.
Between each subsection, adopt the ring flange to connect, the ring flange thickness between 1 st, 2 nd section is 150mm, and the screw quantity is 126, and the ring flange thickness between 2, 3 sections is 125mm, and the screw quantity is 92, and the ring flange thickness between 3, 4 sections is 90mm, and the screw quantity is 96, and the ring flange thickness between 4, 5 sections is 75mm, and the screw quantity is 88.
Between each subsection, adopt the ring flange to connect, the ring flange thickness between 1 st, 2 nd section is 150mm, and the screw quantity is 126, and the ring flange thickness between 2, 3 sections is 125mm, and the screw quantity is 92, and the ring flange thickness between 3, 4 sections is 90mm, and the screw quantity is 96, and the ring flange thickness between 4, 5 sections is 75mm, and the screw quantity is 88.
Table 1: quality statistics of sea-mounted 3.2MW land fan tower cylinder
Table 2: material parameters of tower drum
Calculating the weighted average thickness of the tower:
calculating the equivalent inertia moment of the tower:
calculating the generalized mass of the tower drum:
calculating the joint generalized stiffness of the tower:
calculating a first-order inherent prestress frequency value of the tower structure of the wind turbine:
establishing a finite element model by adopting ANSYS software to perform numerical solution of first-order inherent frequency of prestress of the tower structure of the wind turbine:
table 3: first-order inherent frequency comparison of prestress between analytic method and numerical method
It should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, the same letter symbols are defined the same.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The method for calculating the prestress natural vibration frequency of the tower drum of the wind turbine provided by the invention is described in detail above. The principles and embodiments of the present invention are explained herein using specific examples, which are presented only to assist in understanding the method and its core concepts. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for calculating the prestress natural vibration frequency of a wind turbine tower is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: simplifying the actual spatial structure of the tower drum into a planar structure of the tower drum perpendicular to the ground, and constructing a single-degree-of-freedom system mechanical model by taking the bottom center point of the tower drum as an origin, the main wind direction as an x axis and the vertical direction as a z axis;
s2: setting bending rigidity EI (z) and mass density m (z) of the tower planar structure, wherein the bending rigidity EI (z) and the mass density m (z) are linearly changed along the vertical direction;
s3: simplifying an engine and a hub at the top of a tower drum into a concentrated mass M, wherein the prestress of the concentrated mass M on the tower drum is the vertical pressure N (Mg) generated by the dead weight of the concentrated mass;
s4: and (4) solving a first-order inherent prestress frequency value of the tower structure of the wind turbine according to a Rayleigh energy method.
2. The computing method according to claim 1, wherein the S4 is preceded by further comprising:
s41: constructing a deformation shape function psi (z) of the fan simplified model under a specific horizontal load:
in the formula, z belongs to [0, H ], and H is the height of the tower in a vertical state.
3. The computing method according to claim 1, wherein the S4 is preceded by further comprising:
s42: calculating generalized mass m of simplified model of wind turbine tower*：
In the formula, rho is the material density, t is the weighted average thickness of the cylinder wall, D is the middle diameter of the bottom of the tower cylinder, D is the middle diameter of the top of the tower cylinder, m' is the sum of the mass of a flange plate, a top cabin, an engine and bolts, and H is the height of the tower cylinder in a vertical state.
4. The computing method according to claim 1, wherein the S4 is preceded by further comprising:
s43: calculating generalized bending rigidity k of simplified model of wind turbine tower*：
Wherein E is the elastic modulus of the material, H is the height of the tower in a vertical state,
the average equivalent moment of inertia of the tower section is taken as the average equivalent moment of inertia of the tower section;
wherein the average equivalent moment of inertia of the tower section
In the formula, D is the middle diameter of the bottom of the tower cylinder, D is the middle diameter of the top of the tower cylinder, and t is the weighted average thickness of the cylinder wall.
5. The computing method according to claim 4, wherein the step S4 is preceded by the step of:
s44: generalized geometric rigidity of simplified model of wind turbine tower is solved
6. The computing method according to claim 5, wherein the step of S4 is preceded by the step of:
s45: joint generalized stiffness for solving simplified model of wind turbine tower
7. The calculation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first-order inherent prestress frequency value f:
wherein rho is the material density, t is the weighted average thickness of the cylinder wall, D is the middle diameter of the bottom of the tower, D is the middle diameter of the top of the tower, m' is the sum of the mass of a flange, a top cabin, an engine and bolts, E is the elastic modulus of the material, H is the height of the tower,
the average equivalent moment of inertia of the tower section is shown.
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