CN112433166A - Multi-dimensional detection method and structure for internal failure reaction of lithium ion power battery - Google Patents
Multi-dimensional detection method and structure for internal failure reaction of lithium ion power battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN112433166A CN112433166A CN202011315917.2A CN202011315917A CN112433166A CN 112433166 A CN112433166 A CN 112433166A CN 202011315917 A CN202011315917 A CN 202011315917A CN 112433166 A CN112433166 A CN 112433166A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D21/00—Measuring or testing not otherwise provided for
- G01D21/02—Measuring two or more variables by means not covered by a single other subclass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/488—Cells or batteries combined with indicating means for external visualization of the condition, e.g. by change of colour or of light density
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multidimensional detection method and a multidimensional detection structure for internal failure reaction of a lithium ion power battery, wherein the detection method comprises the following steps: 1) arranging a gas detection stainless steel capillary tube, a pressure sensor probe, a strain gauge and a temperature sensor among the internal lamellar structures of the lithium ion power battery; 2) gathering each sensor wire/tube in a small hole in the middle of the lithium ion battery shell and packaging; 3) connecting the gas detection stainless steel capillary tube with a gas detection instrument, and respectively connecting the pressure sensor probe, the strain gauge and the temperature sensor with a data recorder. 4) The lithium ion power battery is tested under various environments and working conditions, and the temperature change, pressure change, stress strain and the condition of gas generated by the internal reaction of the battery at each monitoring point in the process are monitored and recorded. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages of comprehensively, accurately acquiring the key data in real time and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field and the measurement field of lithium ion power batteries, in particular to a multi-dimensional detection method and a multi-dimensional detection structure for internal failure reaction of a lithium ion power battery.
Background
The lithium ion power battery is widely applied to electronic consumer products and various types of vehicles by virtue of the characteristics of high specific energy, specific power, low self-discharge rate and the like, but the use of an energy storage system of the lithium ion power battery is limited by factors such as environment and working condition, and a series of problems such as aging, thermal runaway, uneven distribution and the like can be caused by extreme working environments such as low temperature and quick charge and working conditions.
At present, mechanism research and measurement modes under the working state of the lithium ion power battery are single, and most of the modes are external temperature sensor measurement, infrared temperature detection and current, voltage and impedance measurement, but the difference of internal and external performance parameters of the actual lithium ion power battery is large, internal electrochemical reaction and generated gas, air pressure and stress strain cannot be detected by external means, a mechanism model obtained based on the traditional external detection means has a large difference compared with the actual mode, and the accuracy is not enough.
Therefore, from the perspective of the pure electric vehicle market and the user demand, the energy density and the power density of the lithium ion power battery must be gradually increased, this trend provides a major challenge to the safety of the lithium ion power battery pack under extreme working conditions, and the exploration of a more accurate and practical internal mechanism model and detection means will be a necessary way for the lithium ion power battery to obtain technical breakthrough.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a multi-dimensional detection method and structure for internal failure reaction of a lithium ion power battery.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a multi-dimensional detection method for internal failure reaction of a lithium ion power battery comprises the following steps:
1) arranging a gas detection stainless steel capillary tube, a pressure sensor probe, a strain gauge and a temperature sensor among the internal lamellar structures of the lithium ion power battery;
2) gathering each sensor wire/tube in a small hole in the middle of the lithium ion battery shell and packaging;
3) connecting the gas detection stainless steel capillary tube with a gas detection instrument, and respectively connecting the pressure sensor probe, the strain gauge and the temperature sensor with a data recorder.
4) The lithium ion power battery is tested under various environments and working conditions, and the temperature change, pressure change, stress strain and the condition of gas generated by the internal reaction of the battery at each monitoring point in the process are monitored and recorded.
The temperature sensor is a temperature sensor with the diameter below millimeter level and is used for acquiring real-time temperature values of all parts in the lithium ion power battery and acquiring the distribution condition of the temperature in the battery and the internal and external temperature difference of the lithium ion power battery.
The strain gauge is below the thickness millimeter level and is used for measuring the internal stress strain of the lithium ion power battery under various working conditions and giving early warning to dangerous conditions such as overcharge and bulge.
The pressure sensor is a pressure sensor with the diameter below millimeter level and is used for detecting the internal pressure value of the lithium ion power battery under each working condition and early warning the cracking and blasting dangerous conditions caused by overpressure.
The gas detection stainless steel capillary tube with the diameter below millimeter level is used for detecting various gases generated in the lithium ion power battery under various working conditions, and specifically comprises O2, CO2, H2, C2H4, CH4, C2H6 and C3H6 gases generated in reactions of various stages in the battery, so that gas signals and failure mechanisms of various reaction stages of the lithium ion power battery under various working conditions are obtained.
In the step 2), each sensor wire/tube is pulled out through a liquid injection hole in the middle of the lithium ion power battery, and the sealing position of the liquid injection hole is sealed by foam rubber and a high-temperature-resistant insulating tape so as to ensure the sealing property of the battery.
The lithium ion power battery comprises a battery shell, a battery cover, a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm and electrolyte, and is formed by winding or laminating.
The temperature sensor lines in the lithium ion power battery are distributed at each key part in the battery, the temperature sensor lines are distributed in a non-overlapping mode, and the key parts comprise a lithium ion power battery core part, corners where the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a battery case are located and the bottom end of the battery.
Before the package of the lithium ion power battery is formed, the subsequent processes of packaging, drying and liquid injection formation are carried out after the distribution positions of all the temperature sensors correspond to the channel numbers of the data recorder.
The utility model provides an inside failure reaction multidimension degree of lithium ion power battery detects structure, should detect the structure including setting up gaseous detection stainless steel capillary between the inside lamellar structure of lithium ion power battery respectively, the pressure sensor probe, foil gage and temperature sensor, with gaseous detection instrument that detects stainless steel capillary and respectively with the pressure sensor probe, the data record appearance that foil gage and temperature sensor are connected, each sensor line/pipe is pulled out through the notes liquid hole at lithium ion power battery middle part, annotate liquid hole seal department and adopt foam rubber and seal with high temperature resistant insulating tape in order to guarantee battery leakproofness.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention adopts a high-precision contact type detection element to realize real-time measurement and detection of the internal failure reaction state of the lithium ion power battery, and can be used for monitoring and alarming of an actual vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack;
the invention adopts various sensing detection elements to detect the internal failure reaction state of the lithium ion power battery, can realize the perfection and optimization of the existing lithium ion power battery model and mechanism, and provides theoretical support for the design of the lithium ion power battery and the management of the battery pack/package.
And thirdly, arranging the built-in temperature sensors among all layers of materials of the lithium ion power battery, and dispersing the built-in temperature sensors in the center and corners of the battery, so that real-time temperature values and distribution of the core part, the anode and the cathode, the bottom end and the like of the lithium ion power battery can be comprehensively tested.
The method can realize combined measurement of the built-in temperature sensor and the external temperature sensor, is used for analyzing the difference between the internal temperature and the external temperature of the lithium ion power battery, and provides a theoretical basis for temperature alarm for safety problems such as thermal runaway of the actual vehicle-mounted lithium ion power battery pack of the pure electric vehicle.
And fifthly, the invention adopts a tiny sensing element, can realize accurate measurement under the condition of less influence on the lithium ion power battery, and better retains the original performance and characteristics of the lithium ion power battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of four detection functions of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of sensors inside the lithium-ion power battery in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of connection between sensor lines and pipes inside the lithium ion power battery, an external data recorder, and a gas detection instrument in the embodiment of the invention.
The notation in the figure is:
1. the gas detection stainless steel capillary tube comprises a gas detection stainless steel capillary tube 2, a pressure sensor probe 3, a strain gauge 4, a temperature sensor 5, a data recorder 6 and a gas detection instrument.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the invention provides a multi-dimensional detection structure and a detection method for internal failure reaction of a lithium ion power battery, and the detection method is realized by the following steps:
firstly, arranging a gas detection capillary tube, a pressure sensor, a strain gauge and a temperature sensor among the internal lamellar structures of the lithium ion power battery;
secondly, drawing the sensor wires and the tubes into small holes formed in the middle of the lithium ion battery shell, and packaging;
thirdly, respectively connecting the sensor wire and the gas detection capillary tube with a data recorder and a gas detector;
and fourthly, testing the lithium ion power battery with the structure under various environments and working conditions, and monitoring and recording the temperature change, the pressure change, the stress strain and the condition of gas generated by the internal reaction of the battery at each monitoring point in the process.
The following four sensors are designed between the internal lamellar structures of the lithium ion power battery:
(a) the temperature sensor is used for acquiring real-time temperature values of all parts in the battery and exploring the temperature distribution condition in the battery and the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the lithium ion power battery;
(b) the strain gauge with the thickness below the millimeter level is used for measuring the internal stress strain of the lithium ion power battery under various working conditions and early warning dangerous conditions such as overcharge and bulge;
(c) the pressure sensor is used for detecting the internal pressure value of the lithium ion power battery under each working condition and early warning the dangerous conditions such as cracking, blasting and the like caused by overvoltage;
(d) the stainless steel capillary tube with the diameter below millimeter level is used for detecting the generation of various gases in the lithium ion power battery under various working conditions and exploring gas signals and failure mechanisms of various reaction stages of the lithium ion power battery under various working conditions.
And all the sensor wires and pipes are pulled out through a liquid injection hole in the middle of the lithium ion power battery, and the sealing position of the liquid injection hole is sealed by foam rubber and high-temperature-resistant insulating adhesive tape to ensure the sealing property of the battery.
The temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the strain gauge wire are connected with a data recorder and are used for recording and displaying the measured data in real time; the stainless steel capillary is connected with a gas detection instrument and used for displaying O generated by each stage of reaction in the battery in real time2、CO、CO2、H2、C2H4、CH4、C2H6And C3H6And the like.
It should be noted that the lithium ion power battery includes a battery case, a battery cover, a positive electrode sheet, a negative electrode sheet, a separator, and an electrolyte, and is constructed by winding or lamination.
The arrangement of the temperature sensor lines in the lithium ion power battery is distributed at each key part (the core part, the corners where the anode and the cathode of the battery case are positioned and the bottom end of the battery) in the battery, and the temperature sensor lines are distributed among materials of each layer, so that the global temperature of the lithium ion power battery can be measured, the lines are distributed in a non-overlapping manner, and the number and the arrangement positions of the temperature sensors can be adjusted and increased or decreased according to the requirements of users.
Before the lithium ion power battery capsule is formed, the subsequent procedures of packaging, drying, liquid injection formation and the like are required to be carried out after the distribution positions of different temperature sensors correspond to the channel numbers of the data recorder.
The functions of the detection structure and method are as follows:
(a) detecting and recording the temperature of each temperature measuring point in the lithium ion power battery under various working conditions, and when the temperature of any internal temperature measuring point is too low or too high, using a temperature signal as an alarm signal to drive a lithium ion battery pack thermal management system to start working, and controlling the internal and external temperatures of the lithium ion power battery within a normal working temperature range;
(b) detecting and recording internal pressure values of the lithium ion power battery under various working conditions, and performing overvoltage alarm when the pressure values exceed a set safety threshold value to drive a Battery Management System (BMS) to regulate and control so as to prevent overvoltage cracking;
(c) the stress and strain inside the lithium ion power battery are detected and recorded under various working conditions, when the stress and strain exceed a set safety threshold, an alarm is given, and a BMS is driven to regulate and control, so that failure phenomena such as overcharge, swelling and burst are prevented;
(d) the gas generated in the lithium ion power battery is detected and recorded under various working conditions, the generation of various gases indicates that the failure process enters a certain stage, the phenomena of SEI film decomposition, positive and negative electrode active material and electrolyte reaction and the like are alarmed, the BMS is driven to regulate and control, and the dangerous conditions such as internal short circuit and the like are prevented.
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides the multidimensional detection method and structure for the internal failure reaction of the lithium ion power battery, which can accurately detect the internal parameters and gas generation of the lithium ion battery in real time and has very important significance on the safety of the lithium ion battery pack for the vehicle.
Claims (10)
1. A multi-dimensional detection method for internal failure reaction of a lithium ion power battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) arranging a gas detection stainless steel capillary tube (1), a pressure sensor probe (2), a strain gauge (3) and a temperature sensor (4) among the internal lamellar structures of the lithium ion power battery;
2) gathering each sensor wire/tube in a small hole in the middle of the lithium ion battery shell and packaging;
3) the gas detection stainless steel capillary tube (1) is connected with a gas detection instrument (6), and the pressure sensor probe (2), the strain gauge (3) and the temperature sensor (4) are respectively connected with a data recorder (5).
4) The lithium ion power battery is tested under various environments and working conditions, and the temperature change, pressure change, stress strain and the condition of gas generated by the internal reaction of the battery at each monitoring point in the process are monitored and recorded.
2. The multidimensional detection method for the internal failure reaction of the lithium ion power battery according to claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor (4) is a temperature sensor with a diameter below millimeter level and is used for acquiring real-time temperature values of all parts inside the lithium ion power battery and acquiring the internal temperature distribution condition of the battery and the internal and external temperature difference of the lithium ion power battery.
3. The multi-dimensional detection method for the internal failure reaction of the lithium ion power battery according to claim 1, wherein the strain gauge (3) is a strain gauge with the thickness below millimeter level and is used for measuring the internal stress strain of the lithium ion power battery under various working conditions and giving an early warning for dangerous conditions such as overcharge and swelling.
4. The multidimensional detection method for the internal failure reaction of the lithium ion power battery according to claim 1, wherein the pressure sensor is a pressure sensor with a diameter below millimeter level, and is used for detecting internal pressure values of the lithium ion power battery under various working conditions and early warning cracking and blasting dangerous conditions caused by overpressure.
5. The multidimensional detection method for the internal failure reaction of the lithium ion power battery according to claim 1, wherein the gas detection stainless steel capillary (1) is a stainless steel capillary with a diameter below millimeter level, and is used for detecting various gases generated in the lithium ion power battery under various working conditions, and specifically comprises O2, CO2, H2, C2H4, CH4, C2H6 and C3H6 gases generated by reactions at various stages in the battery, so as to obtain various reaction stage gas signals and failure mechanisms under various working conditions of the lithium ion power battery.
6. The multidimensional detection method for the internal failure reaction of the lithium ion power battery according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), each sensor wire/tube is pulled out through a liquid injection hole in the middle of the lithium ion power battery, and the sealing position of the liquid injection hole is sealed by foam rubber and high-temperature-resistant insulating tape to ensure the sealing performance of the battery.
7. The multidimensional detection method for the internal failure reaction of the lithium ion power battery according to claim 1, wherein the lithium ion power battery comprises a battery shell, a battery cover, a positive plate, a negative plate, a diaphragm and electrolyte, and is formed in a winding or lamination mode.
8. The multidimensional detection method for the internal failure reaction of the lithium ion power battery according to claim 1, wherein the lines of the temperature sensors (4) inside the lithium ion power battery are distributed at key positions inside the battery, the lines of the temperature sensors are distributed in a non-overlapping manner, and the key positions comprise a core part of the lithium ion power battery, corners where positive and negative electrodes of the battery case are located, and the bottom end of the battery.
9. The method for multidimensional detection of internal failure reaction of the lithium ion power battery according to claim 8, wherein the lithium ion power battery is subjected to subsequent processes of packaging, drying and liquid injection formation after the distribution positions of all the temperature sensors (4) correspond to the channel numbers of the data recorder (5) before the capsule is formed.
10. The detection structure for realizing the multidimensional detection method for the internal failure reaction of the lithium ion power battery according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising a gas detection stainless steel capillary tube (1), a pressure sensor probe (2), a strain gauge (3) and a temperature sensor (4) which are respectively arranged among the internal lamellar structures of the lithium ion power battery, a gas detection instrument (6) connected with the gas detection stainless steel capillary tube (1) and a data recorder (5) respectively connected with the pressure sensor probe (2), the strain gauge (3) and the temperature sensor (4), wherein each sensor wire/tube is pulled out through a liquid injection hole in the middle of the lithium ion power battery, and the sealing position of the liquid injection hole is sealed by foam adhesive and high-temperature-resistant insulating adhesive tape to ensure the sealing performance of the battery.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114814015A (en) * | 2022-04-14 | 2022-07-29 | 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司 | Detection device and detection method for gas generated by thermal runaway of lithium ion battery |
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