CN112432916A - 一种碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定方法及商品归类应用 - Google Patents
一种碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定方法及商品归类应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112432916A CN112432916A CN202011252146.7A CN202011252146A CN112432916A CN 112432916 A CN112432916 A CN 112432916A CN 202011252146 A CN202011252146 A CN 202011252146A CN 112432916 A CN112432916 A CN 112432916A
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- calcium carbonate
- sample
- fatty acid
- carbonate powder
- analysis
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- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 title claims abstract description 316
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
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- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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- LNJCGNRKWOHFFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-hydroxyethylsulfanyl)propanenitrile Chemical compound OCCSCCC#N LNJCGNRKWOHFFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PKIXXJPMNDDDOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl linoleate Natural products CCCCC=CCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC PKIXXJPMNDDDOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定方法及商品归类应用,包括以下步骤:(1)红外光谱法和X射线荧光光谱法定性分析;(2)X射线衍射法物相分析;(3)常规理化分析等。该方法具有以下优点:(1)适用范围广,可用于同时鉴定区分重质碳酸钙、轻质碳酸钙以及脂肪酸(盐)改性的活性碳酸钙三种粉体;(2)所用仪器设备为大部分化学分析实验室所常规配备,无需复杂的样品前处理条件,可操作性强,易于普及推广使用;(3)通过快速化验鉴定后,即可根据鉴定结果实现进出口商品的税则号列归属,解决了现有技术中针对碳酸钙粉体样品缺乏化验鉴定方法和难以进行商品归类的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于商品检验技术领域,具体涉及一种碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定方法以及将该方法的结果应用于进出口税则商品归类的方法。
背景技术
碳酸钙粉体是一种重要的无机化工产品,广泛应用于造纸、塑料、塑料薄膜、化纤、橡胶、涂料、胶粘剂、密封剂、日用化工、化妆品、建材、油漆、油墨、油灰、封蜡、腻子、毡层包装、医药、食品(如口香糖、巧克力)、饲料中,其作用有:增加产品体积、降低成本,改善加工性能(如调节粘度、流变性能、硫化性能),提高尺寸稳定性,补强或半补强,提高印刷性能,提高物理性能(如耐热性、消光性、耐磨性、阻燃性、白度、光泽度)等,是我国用量最大和年产量最大的填料之一。
根据碳酸钙性能及加工方法不同分为重质碳酸钙、轻质碳酸钙(或称沉淀碳酸钙)和活性碳酸钙三种。其中,重质碳酸钙是以石灰石、天然方解石、白垩石为原料,经机械粉碎达到一定细度获得;轻质碳酸钙,是用化学反应方法生产的碳酸钙;活性碳酸钙(又称改性碳酸钙)是重质或轻质碳酸钙经表面改性处理所得的碳酸钙。(1)重质碳酸钙粉体:生产工艺流程有两种:一种是干法生产工艺流程:首先手选从采石场运来的方解石、石灰石、白垩、贝壳等,以除去脉石;然后用破碎机对石灰石进行粗破碎,再用雷蒙(摆式)磨粉碎得到细石灰石粉,最后用分级机对磨粉进行分级,符合粒度要求的粉末作为产品包装入库,否则返回磨粉机再次磨粉。另外一种湿法生产工艺流程:先将干法细粉制成悬浮液,置于磨机内进一步粉碎,经脱水、干燥后便制得超细重质碳酸钙,常用于橡胶填充剂、塑料增强剂等。(2)轻质碳酸钙粉体:采用化学法制备,将石灰石等原料煅烧生成石灰(主要成份为氧化钙)和二氧化碳,再加水消化石灰生成石灰乳(主要成份为氢氧化钙),然后再通入二氧化碳碳化石灰乳生成碳酸钙沉淀,最后碳酸钙沉淀经脱水、干燥和粉碎便制得轻质碳酸钙,常用于制作牙膏、化妆品、医药等的原料。(3)活性碳酸钙粉体:由于碳酸钙属无机粉体,粒子表面是亲水疏油的,呈强极性,在有机介质中难以分散均匀,与基材之间结合力低,在受外力冲击时,易造成界面缺陷,导致材料性能下降;纳米级的碳酸钙粉末,表面能高,吸附作用越强,粒子互团聚,无法在聚合物基体中很好分散,从而影响其使用的实际效果。因此,为了改进碳酸钙填料的应用性能,必须对其进行表面改性处理,提高其与高聚物基料的相容性或亲和性。目前,碳酸钙粉体的表面改性主要是将表面改性剂通过与粉体表面的物理、化学反应均匀包裹在碳酸钙表面,改性方法主要可分为干法改性、湿法改性等:①干法改性:通常是将碳酸钙放入高速捏合机内,待捏合机内桶加热到一定温度后,通过喷洒定量表面改性剂或改性溶液,并同时高速搅拌,利用转子、筒壁、折流板与粉体之间的相互作用,使改性剂吸附在颗粒表面,最终达到对碳酸钙表面进行改性处理的目的。该方法普遍应用于橡胶、塑料、造纸等行业;②湿法改性:在生产轻质碳酸钙或超细重质碳酸钙时,碳化后期加入表面改性剂并充分搅拌,使沉淀出来的碳酸钙表面吸附表面改性剂,最后经过滤、干燥、粉碎后可以得到改性碳酸钙。硬脂酸或硬脂酸盐类改性剂是碳酸钙填料的传统改性剂,它价格低廉,且对碳酸钙填料改性效果良好,是碳酸钙填料应用较多的改性剂。国外最早对碳酸钙进行活化改性并获得成功的产品是日本“白艳华”系列产品。其制备方法就是以硬脂酸作为改性剂对碳酸钙进行表面包覆。用于碳酸钙粉体表面处理的脂肪酸主要是含有羟基、氨基或巯基的脂肪族、芳香族或含芳烷基的脂肪酸(盐)。由于碳酸钙表面分布着大量亲水性较强的羟基,呈现较强的碱性,脂肪酸的作用机理是利用其RCOO-与碳酸钙浆液中的Ca2+、CaHCO3+、CaOH+等组分反应生成脂肪酸钙沉淀物,包敷在碳酸钙粒子表面,使碳酸钙的表面性质由亲水变成亲油。经过表面改性的碳酸钙粉体吸油值显著降低,团聚粒径减小,分散性能提高。填充高聚物后混合体系的塑化温度降低,塑化时间缩短,熔融指数提高,加工流动性明显好于未经表面处理的碳酸钙。同时,制品的冲击强度、拉伸性能等力学性能也得到明显提高。
不同工艺来源和加工程度的碳酸钙,外观极为相近,但在进出口税则中应归入不同的品目,具有不同的商品编码和进出口关税税率:天然碳酸钙无论是否洗涤或磨碎(即重质碳酸钙),应归入税号2509.0000(进口关税税率3%);通过二氧化碳处理钙盐溶液制得的沉淀碳酸钙(即轻质碳酸钙),应归入税号2836.5000(进口关税税率5%);微粒裹上一层防水脂肪酸或其盐的粉末碳酸钙(即活性碳酸钙),应归入税号3824.9999(进口关税税率6.5%)。品目3824项下商品常伪报或误报为2509、2836或2915(脂肪酸盐,进口税率5.5%)项下的低税率商品。准确的进行化验鉴定结果,对于海关依法进行商品归类和关税征收,具有重要意义。但是现有技术中缺乏一种准确的、全面的针对各种碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定手段以及依据该化验鉴定的结果应用于商品归类的方法。
发明内容
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点,本发明的目的在于提供一种碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定方法及其商品归类应用,用于解决现有技术中各种碳酸钙粉体外观相似、但是缺少准确快捷的鉴定方法、以及根据检测结果如何进行商品归类的问题。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的,本发明提供一种碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定方法,包括以下步骤:(1)红外光谱法和X射线荧光光谱法定性分析;(2)X射线衍射法物相分析;(3)常规理化分析。
优选地,所述碳酸钙粉体包括重质碳酸钙粉体、轻质碳酸钙粉体和活性碳酸钙粉体,所述活性碳酸钙粉体为脂肪酸或脂肪酸金属盐改性的碳酸钙,所述脂肪酸选自C12-C22直链或支链脂肪酸。
优选地,所述脂肪酸为C16或C18的直链或支链烷基脂肪酸。
优选地,所述步骤(1)红外光谱法选自透射法或ATR法,其中透射法为:将样品与溴化钾粉末混合,研磨压片,扫描范围4000~400cm-1,分辨率为2或4,扫描次数为16或32次,比较样品的红外光谱图和谱库中的标准红外谱图,进行定性分析;ATR法为:将样品粉末直接撒到晶体上进行检测,扫描范围4000~400cm-1,分辨率为2或4,扫描次数为16或32次,比较样品的红外光谱图和谱库中的标准红外谱图,进行定性分析。
优选地,所述步骤(1)X射线荧光光谱法为:样品置于铝杯中压片,X射线荧光光谱法定性分析,元素成分半定量分析。
优选地,所述步骤(3)常规理化分析包括亲水亲油性实验、容量法测定沉降体积和化学法定量分析。
优选地,所述亲水亲油性实验选自两种方法的任意一种:方法一、各取适量样品,分别加入盛放有去离子水和乙醚的烧杯中,观察样品在上述溶液中分散的现象:若样品在去离子水中保持团聚状态,大部分漂浮于水面,少部分沉降于杯底,样品在乙醚溶液中形成稳定的悬浊液,则待测样品为活性碳酸钙,若样品在去离子水和乙醚中直接沉入底部,则为重质碳酸钙或轻质碳酸钙;方法二、取少量样品放入去离子水中,样品直接沉入水底,则为重质碳酸钙或轻质碳酸钙,样品几乎全部浮在水面上,保持团聚状态,加入少量洗洁净后,样品全部沉入水底,则为活性碳酸钙;所述容量法测定沉降体积的方法为:称取10g样品,精确至0.01g,置于盛有30mL去离子水的带磨口塞的刻度量筒中,加水至刻度100mL处,上下振摇3min(100~110次/min),在室温下静置3h,记录沉降物所占的体积。
优选地,所述化学法定量分析为:准确称取一定量样品,加入稀盐酸,超声,砂芯漏斗抽滤,滤出物105℃下烘干,再次称重,计算样品减少量,从而计算出样品中碳酸钙的含量以及总脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸盐的质量分数。
优选地,所述方法还包括根据步骤(1)、步骤(2)、步骤(3)的结果,选择性的进行步骤(4):样品酯化处理后,气相色谱-质谱联用法定性定量分析;所述酯化处理的方法为:取约0.1克样品,加入适量甲苯-石油醚(1∶1)或纯石油醚溶解,加入约1mL甲醇或乙醇,加3-5滴浓硫酸,混合,80℃烘箱中反应2小时,加入水萃取,取上层溶液进行气相色谱-质谱法分析;仪器条件为:柱温:80℃,保持1min,以10℃/min升温至250℃,保持30min;进样口温度:250℃;接口温度:250℃;分流延迟:3min,分流比:40∶1,进样量:1uL,载气:He,采集方式:全扫描;扫描范围:35-300;离子化方式:EI;离子源温度:250℃。气相色谱峰归一化法定量分析得到具体成分的脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸盐的质量分数,该质量分数乘以步骤(1)化学法定量分析所得的总脂肪酸或脂肪酸金属盐的质量分数,即得样品中具体成分的脂肪酸或脂肪酸金属盐的质量分数。
此外,本发明还提供一种碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定方法及其结果在商品归类中的应用:通过第(1)步和第(2)步进行定性分析和物相分析,确定样品的主要组分是否为碳酸钙,通过第(3)步进行理化分析,以判定样品属于轻质碳酸钙粉体、重质碳酸钙粉体、活性碳酸钙的哪一种;若判定为重质碳酸钙或轻质碳酸钙,则通过容量法测定沉降体积,若沉降体积在2.4-2.8mL/g之间,判定结果为轻质碳酸钙,若沉降体积在1.1-1.9mL/g之间,判定为重质碳酸钙;若判定为活性碳酸钙,则需进一步进行化学法定量分析,以确定样品中的碳酸钙含量、脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸盐的总含量,通过第(4)步,定性定量分析样品中的具体脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸盐的种类和含量;最后,综合上述步骤(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)的结果,若化验鉴定结果为轻质碳酸钙,则该商品归入进出口税则品目2836项下,若化验鉴定结果为重质碳酸钙,则该商品归入进出口税则品目2509项下,若化验鉴定结果为活性碳酸钙,则该商品归入进出口税则品目3824项下。
如上所述,本发明的一种碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定方法及其结果在商品归类中的应用,具有以下有益效果:(1)适用范围广,可用于同时鉴定重质碳酸钙、轻质碳酸钙以及脂肪酸(盐)改性的活性碳酸钙三种粉体;(2)所用仪器设备为大部分化学分析实验室的常规配备,无需复杂的样品前处理条件,可操作性强,易于普及推广使用;(3)通过快速化验鉴定后,即可根据鉴定结果实现进出口商品的税则号列归属,为相关企业申请报关、海关部门对进出口货物进行税种鉴定和依法征收关税、市场监管部门监督抽查提供相应的技术参数,从而较好的解决了现有技术中对于碳酸钙粉体样品缺乏化验鉴定依据与商品归类仅凭肉眼难以判定的技术难题。
附图说明
图1显示为本发明的一种碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定方法示意图
图2显示为本发明实施例1样品的红外光谱图
图3显示为现有技术中硬脂酸锌的标准红外光谱图
图4显示为本发明实施例1的整体气相色谱图
图5显示为本发明实施例1的气相色谱图局部(保留时间19-22min)放大图
图6显示为本发明实施例1的气相色谱图中保留时间为19.20min(棕榈酸甲酯)的色谱峰对应的质谱图
图7显示为本发明实施例1的气相色谱图中保留时间为21.17min(十八碳二烯酸甲酯,即亚油酸甲酯)的色谱峰对应的质谱图
图8显示为本发明实施例1的气相色谱图中保留时间为21.22min(十八碳一烯酸甲酯,即油酸甲酯)的色谱峰对应的质谱图
图9显示为本发明实施例1的气相色谱图中保留时间为21.42min(硬酯酸甲酯)的色谱峰对应的质谱图
图10显示为本发明实施例1样品的X射线衍射图谱
图11显示为本发明实施例2样品的红外光谱图
图12显示为本发明实施例2样品的红外光谱图与碳酸钙标准谱图对比图
图13显示为本发明实施例2样品的X射线衍射图谱
图14显示为本发明实施例3样品的X射线衍射图谱
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式,熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效。
实施例1
胶州某企业向青岛关区某隶属海关申报出口一宗“橡胶塑分剂FNT-78X”,申报产品成分为:脂肪酸锌含量为85%,轻质碳酸钙含量为15%,生产工艺:脂肪酸(C16、C18为主)在125℃-130℃下与氧化锌反应生产脂肪酸锌,再加入轻质碳酸钙,搅拌混合均匀,最后经冷凝造粒得到成品,申报产品用途:橡胶加工助剂,兼有内、外润滑及分散功能,在橡胶的混炼过程中,可促进填料和其他助剂的分散,降低胶料门尼粘度,缩短混炼周期,降低混炼能耗;可改善胶料的流动性,提高胶料的压延、挤出性能,内部气孔率明显降低,能延迟烧焦,促进硫化,提高制品的耐磨性能及使用寿命。申报商品归类编码为2915709000。
现场执法海关查验申报资料后,认为该宗商品申报成分中脂肪酸锌含量低于90%,不能归入进出口税则品目2915项下,存在误报风险,因此取样送验,以确定商品的具体成分含量和商品归类。
实验室化验方案:(1)红外光谱法和X射线荧光光谱法定性分析;(2)X射线衍射法物相分析;(3)常规理化分析:亲水亲油性实验,化学法定量分析。(4)酯化处理后,气相色谱-质谱联用法定性定量分析。
化验结果:
(1)红外光谱法,将样品与溴化钾粉末混合,研磨压片,扫描范围4000~400cm-1,分辨率为2或4,扫描次数为16或32次,比较样品的红外光谱图和谱库中的标准红外谱图,进行定性分析。经谱库检索,样品中含有硬脂酸锌,参加附图2-3。样品铝杯压片,X射线荧光光谱法,检测样品中含有锌元素和钙元素。
(2)X射线衍射法物相分析,检出碳酸钙,参加附图10。相关衍射峰位置参见表1:
表1样品的X射线衍射峰位置
谱库中,卡片匹配信息见下表2:
表2样品X射线衍射峰与谱库卡片匹配情况
(3)常规理化实验分析:
①亲水亲油性实验:各取适量样品,分别加入盛放有去离子水和乙醚的烧杯中,观察样品在上述溶液中分散的现象:发现样品在去离子水中保持团聚状态,大部分漂浮于水面,少部分沉降于杯底,样品在乙醚溶液中形成稳定的悬浊液,判定样品为活性碳酸钙。
②化学法定量分析为:准确称取一定量样品,加入稀盐酸,超声,砂芯漏斗抽滤,滤出物105℃下烘干,再次称重,计算样品减少量,从而计算出样品中碳酸钙的含量以及总脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸盐的质量分数,检出样品中碳酸钙含量为16.9%,总脂肪酸锌的质量分数的质量分数为83.1%。
(4)取约0.1克样品,加入适量甲苯-石油醚(1∶1)或纯石油醚溶解,加入约1mL甲醇或乙醇,加3-5滴浓硫酸,混合,80℃烘箱中反应2小时,加入水萃取,取上层溶液进行气相色谱-质谱法分析;仪器条件为:柱温:80℃,保持1min,以10℃/min升温至250℃,保持30min;进样口温度:250℃;接口温度:250℃;分流延迟:3min,分流比:40∶1,进样量:1uL,载气:He,采集方式:全扫描;扫描范围:35-300;离子化方式:EI;离子源温度:250℃。经谱库检索,定性检出棕榈酸甲酯、十八碳二烯酸甲酯、十八碳一烯酸甲酯、硬脂酸甲酯。色谱峰面积归一化法定量,各脂肪酸酯的质量分数乘以总脂肪酸锌的质量分数,测得棕榈酸甲酯含量为19.1%,十八碳二烯酸甲酯含量为26.2%,十八碳一烯酸甲酯含量为31.2%,硬脂酸甲酯含量为12.8%,相关图谱见附图4-9。
送检样品主要成分:棕榈酸锌含量为15.9%,十八碳二烯酸锌含量为21.8%,十八碳一烯酸锌含量为25.9%,硬脂酸锌含量为10.6%,碳酸钙含量为16.9%。
根据上述化验化验鉴定结果,判定样品为多种脂肪酸改性的活性碳酸钙,应归入商品编码为3824.999990,即进出口税则品目3824项下,而非企业最初申报的品目2915项下。原始申报为进出口税则品目2915项下29157090出口退税率为13%,改为38249999项下商品,出口退税率为5%。
实施例2
高密某企业向海关申报进口一宗“重质碳酸钙”,申报商品编码为2836500000。现场执法海关认为“货物无唛头信息,且价格异常”,存在伪瞒报风险,因此取样送验,以确定品名和商品归类。
实验室化验方案:(1)红外光谱法和X射线荧光光谱法定性分析;(2)X射线衍射法物相分析;(3)常规理化分析:亲水亲油性实验,容量法测定沉降体积。
化验结果:
(1)红外光谱法,将样品与溴化钾粉末混合,研磨压片,扫描范围4000~400cm-1,分辨率为2或4,扫描次数为16或32次,比较样品的红外光谱图和谱库中的标准红外谱图,进行定性分析。经谱库检索,样品中含有碳酸钙,参见附图11-12。样品铝杯压片,X射线荧光光谱法,检测样品中含有钙元素。
(2)X射线衍射法物相分析,检出碳酸钙,X射线衍射图谱见附图13,X射线衍射峰位见下表3:
表3样品X射线衍射峰位
谱库中,卡片匹配信息见下表4:
表4样品X射线衍射图谱卡片匹配情况
(3)常规理化实验分析:
①亲水亲油性实验:取少量样品放入去离子水中,样品直接沉入水底,判定样品为重质碳酸钙或轻质碳酸钙。
②称取10g样品,精确至0.01g,置于盛有30mL去离子水的带磨口塞的刻度量筒中,加水至刻度100mL处,上下振摇3min(100~110次/min),在室温下静置3h,记录沉降物所占的体积。测得样品沉降体积为2.5mL/g,判定样品为轻质碳酸钙。
化验鉴定结论:送检样品主要成分为轻质碳酸钙。
该宗商品原始申报商品编码为2509.0000,进口关税税率3%;经化验鉴定后,调整商品归类编码为2836.5000,进口关税税率5%。
实施例3
莱西某企业向海关申报进口一宗“重质碳酸钙”,申报商品编码为2836500000。现场执法海关认为存在归类风险,因此取样送验,以确定品名和商品归类。
实验室化验方案:(1)红外光谱法和X射线荧光光谱法定性分析;(2)X射线衍射法物相分析;(3)常规理化分析:亲水亲油性实验,容量法测定沉降体积。
化验结果:
(3)红外光谱法,将样品与溴化钾粉末混合,研磨压片,扫描范围4000~400cm-1,分辨率为2或4,扫描次数为16或32次,比较样品的红外光谱图和谱库中的标准红外谱图,进行定性分析。经谱库检索,样品中含有碳酸钙。样品铝杯压片,X射线荧光光谱法,检测样品中含有钙元素。
(4)X射线衍射法物相分析,检出方解石和文石(主要成分均为碳酸钙),X射线衍射图谱见附图14,X射线衍射峰位见下表5:
表5样品X射线衍射峰位
谱库中,卡片匹配信息见下表6:
表6样品X射线衍射图谱卡片匹配情况
(3)常规理化实验分析:
①亲水亲油性实验:取少量样品放入去离子水中,样品直接沉入水底,判定样品为重质碳酸钙或轻质碳酸钙。
②称取10g样品,精确至0.01g,置于盛有30mL去离子水的带磨口塞的刻度量筒中,加水至刻度100mL处,上下振摇3min(100~110次/min),在室温下静置3h,记录沉降物所占的体积。测得样品沉降体积为1.2mL/g,判定样品为重质碳酸钙。
化验鉴定结论:送检样品主要成分为重质碳酸钙。与申报一致,因此无需调整商品编码。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此,举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变,仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims (10)
1.一种碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定方法,其特征在于所述碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定方法包括以下步骤:(1)红外光谱法和X射线荧光光谱法定性分析;(2)X射线衍射法物相分析;(3)常规理化分析。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定方法,其特征在于所述碳酸钙粉体包括重质碳酸钙粉体、轻质碳酸钙粉体和活性碳酸钙粉体,所述活性碳酸钙粉体为脂肪酸或脂肪酸金属盐改性的碳酸钙,所述脂肪酸选自C12-C22直链或支链烷基脂肪酸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定方法,其特征在于所述脂肪酸为C16或C18的直链或支链脂肪酸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定方法,其特征在于所述步骤(1)红外光谱法选自透射法或ATR法,其中透射法为:将样品与溴化钾粉末混合,研磨压片,扫描范围4000~400cm-1,分辨率为2或4,扫描次数为16或32次,比较样品的红外光谱图和谱库中的标准红外谱图,进行定性分析;ATR法为:将样品粉末直接撒到晶体上进行检测,扫描范围4000~400cm-1,分辨率为2或4,扫描次数为16或32次,比较样品的红外光谱图和谱库中的标准红外谱图,进行定性分析。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定方法,其特征在于所述步骤(1)X射线荧光光谱法为:样品置于铝杯中压片,X射线荧光光谱法定性分析。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定方法,其特征在于所述步骤(3)常规理化分析包括亲水亲油性实验、容量法测定沉降体积和化学法定量分析。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定方法,其特征在于所述亲水亲油性实验选自两种方法的任意一种:方法一、各取适量样品,分别加入盛放有去离子水和乙醚的烧杯中,观察样品在上述溶液中分散的现象:若样品在去离子水中保持团聚状态,大部分漂浮于水面,少部分沉降于杯底,样品在乙醚溶液中形成稳定的悬浊液,则待测样品为活性碳酸钙,若样品在去离子水和乙醚中直接沉入水底,则为重质碳酸钙或轻质碳酸钙;方法二、取少量样品放入去离子水中,样品直接沉入水底,则为重质碳酸钙或轻质碳酸钙,样品几乎全部浮在水面上,保持团聚状态,加入少量洗洁净后,样品全部沉入水底,则为活性碳酸钙;所述容量法测定沉降体积的方法为:称取10g样品,精确至0.01g,置于盛有30mL去离子水的带磨口塞的刻度量筒中,加水至刻度100mL处,上下振摇3min(100~110次/min),在室温下静置3h,记录沉降物所占的体积。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定方法,其特征在于所述化学法定量分析为:准确称取一定量样品,加入稀盐酸,超声,砂芯漏斗抽滤,滤出物105℃下烘干,再次称重,计算样品减少量,从而计算出样品中碳酸钙的含量以及总脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸盐的质量分数。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的一种碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定方法,其特征在于还包括根据所述步骤(1)、步骤(2)、步骤(3)的结果,选择性的进行步骤(4):样品酯化处理后,气相色谱-质谱联用法定性定量分析;所述酯化处理的方法为:取0.1克样品,加入适量甲苯-石油醚(1:1)或纯石油醚溶解,加入约1mL甲醇或乙醇,加3-5滴浓硫酸,混合,80℃烘箱中反应2小时,加入水萃取,取上层溶液进行气相色谱-质谱法分析;仪器条件为:柱温:80℃,保持1min,以10℃/min升温至250℃,保持30min;进样口温度:250℃;接口温度:250℃;分流延迟:3min,分流比:40:1,进样量:1uL,载气:He,采集方式:全扫描;扫描范围:35-300;离子化方式:EI;离子源温度:250℃。气相色谱峰归一化法定量分析得到具体成分的脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸盐的质量分数,该质量分数乘以步骤(1)化学法定量分析所得的总脂肪酸或脂肪酸金属盐的质量分数,即得样品中具体成分的脂肪酸或脂肪酸金属盐的质量分数。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种碳酸钙粉体的化验鉴定方法及其结果在商品归类中的应用,其特征在于:通过第(1)步和第(2)步进行定性分析和物相分析,确定样品的主要组分是否为碳酸钙,通过第(3)步进行理化分析,以判定样品属于轻质碳酸钙粉体、重质碳酸钙粉体、活性碳酸钙的哪一种;若判定为重质碳酸钙或轻质碳酸钙,则通过容量法测定沉降体积,若沉降体积在2.4-2.8mL/g之间,判定结果为轻质碳酸钙,若沉降体积在1.1-1.9mL/g之间,判定为重质碳酸钙;若判定为活性碳酸钙,则需进一步进行化学法定量分析,以确定样品中的碳酸钙含量、脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸盐的总含量,通过第(4)步,定性定量分析样品中的具体脂肪酸和/或脂肪酸盐的种类和含量;最后,综合上述步骤(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)的结果,若化验鉴定结果判定样品为轻质碳酸钙,则该商品归入进出口税则品目2836项下,若化验鉴定结果判定样品为重质碳酸钙,则该商品归入进出口税则品目2509项下,若化验鉴定结果判定样品为活性碳酸钙,则该商品归入进出口税则品目3824项下。
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