CN112432876A - Thermal degradation experimental system and thermal degradation testing method for radioactive waste - Google Patents
Thermal degradation experimental system and thermal degradation testing method for radioactive waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN112432876A CN112432876A CN202011284465.6A CN202011284465A CN112432876A CN 112432876 A CN112432876 A CN 112432876A CN 202011284465 A CN202011284465 A CN 202011284465A CN 112432876 A CN112432876 A CN 112432876A
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- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
- G01N5/04—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid by removing a component, e.g. by evaporation, and weighing the remainder
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermal degradation experimental system for radioactive waste, which comprises: the sealed box is internally provided with a balance and a lifting slide rail for driving the balance to move up and down; the support is arranged in a quartz tube partially extending to the sealing box, one end of the support is arranged on the balance, and the other end of the support is used for bearing radioactive wastes and extending to the tube furnace; the nitrogen source is respectively connected with the sealing box and the quartz tube in a sealing way through pipelines; the cooling device is hermetically connected with the quartz tube through a pipeline and is used for cooling the thermal degradation products from the quartz tube; and the vacuumizing device is connected with the cooling device through a pipeline in a sealing manner and is used for vacuumizing the thermal degradation experiment system. In addition, the invention also discloses a method for testing thermal degradation at variable temperature or constant temperature by using the thermal degradation experimental system of the radioactive waste.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of thermogravimetric analysis, and particularly relates to a thermal degradation experimental system and a thermal degradation testing method for radioactive waste.
Background
With the continuous development of social economy, the nuclear power industry is continuously expanded, and a large amount of low-radioactive wastes are generated. Radioactive waste can be harmful to the environment if not properly disposed of. Pyrolysis has the advantages of greatly reduced volume, simplified subsequent solidification and sealing, more stable radionuclide residues, and the like, and converts technical wastes with complex components into combustible gases and liquids with stable components, so that the method is widely applied to the treatment of radioactive wastes.
Aiming at different pyrolysis researches, a thermogravimetric analyzer can obtain the thermal decomposition effect of a sample along with the temperature change, but a near-industrial treatment means, namely constant temperature pyrolysis, cannot be realized, and a common fixed bed reactor can only obtain the product information released by the sample under the constant temperature reaction condition.
Chinese utility model patent CN 204439488U discloses a thermogravimetric analysis laboratory bench, and the mode of weighing that this laboratory bench adopted is the suspension type, but hangs the silk thread and rocks easily when weighing, and is not stable enough, especially under the violent condition of reaction, and inside reaction air current can produce sharp change, leads to crucible and the silk thread production that hangs to vibrate to lead to weighing unstably. Furthermore, due to the gas tightness, the laboratory bench does not allow access to product information.
Chinese utility model patent CN 204203026U discloses a lifting device of thermogravimetric analysis furnace, include: one end of the support body extends into the thermogravimetric analysis furnace and is used for placing the crucible, and the other end of the support body is arranged on the electronic analysis balance; the lifting platform is used for placing the electronic analytical balance and can move up and down; and the lifting structure is positioned below the lifting platform and used for enabling the lifting platform to move up and down. However, the transmission mode of weighing in the lifting device is not fast and stable enough.
In view of the above, it is necessary to provide a thermal degradation experimental system and a thermal degradation testing method capable of obtaining radioactive waste that can realize real-time stable weighing in a constant temperature thermal degradation process based on the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the defects of the prior art are overcome, and the radioactive waste thermal degradation experimental system and the radioactive waste thermal degradation testing method are provided, so that real-time stable weighing is realized in the constant-temperature thermal degradation process of the radioactive waste.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an experimental system for thermal degradation of radioactive waste, which comprises:
the sealed box is internally provided with a balance and a lifting slide rail for driving the balance to move up and down;
the support is arranged in a quartz tube partially extending to the sealing box, one end of the support is arranged on the balance, and the other end of the support is used for bearing radioactive wastes and extending to the tube furnace;
the nitrogen source is respectively connected with the sealing box and the quartz tube in a sealing way through pipelines;
the cooling device is hermetically connected with the quartz tube through a pipeline and is used for cooling the thermal degradation products from the quartz tube; and
and the vacuumizing device is connected with the cooling device through a pipeline in a sealing manner and is used for vacuumizing the thermal degradation experiment system.
As an improvement of the experimental system for the thermal degradation of the radioactive waste, the sealing box is sealed with the quartz tube through a sealing strip.
As an improvement of the experimental system for thermal degradation of radioactive wastes, the bracket is parallel to the quartz tube.
As an improvement of the thermal degradation experimental system for radioactive wastes, the lifting slide rail adopts a linear sliding lifting slide rail.
As an improvement of the thermal degradation experimental system of the radioactive waste, the support is a rigid support.
As an improvement of the experimental system for the thermal degradation of the radioactive waste, the air pumping flow of the vacuum pumping device is slightly smaller than the air supply flow of the nitrogen source.
As an improvement of the experimental system for thermal degradation of radioactive wastes, an outlet of the cooling device connected with the vacuumizing device is provided with an ultrafine glass fiber glue-free filter cylinder.
As an improvement of the experimental system for the thermal degradation of the radioactive waste, an air bag used for collecting gas products is connected to one side, away from the cooling device, of the vacuumizing device through a pipeline.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a thermal degradation testing method using the thermal degradation experimental system of radioactive waste of the present invention, comprising the steps of:
introducing nitrogen into the thermal degradation experimental system through a nitrogen source, opening the vacuumizing device, setting the air exhaust flow of the vacuumizing device to be slightly smaller than the air inlet flow of the nitrogen source, and exhausting air in the pipeline; and
weighing the material of the radioactive waste, placing the material on a bracket, utilizing a lifting slide rail to lift the material into the tube furnace, and starting a furnace body heating program.
As an improvement of the variable temperature thermal degradation test method, the variable temperature pyrolysis test method further comprises the following steps: the gas product was collected and analyzed by means of a gas bag arranged on the side of the evacuation device remote from the cooling device.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a constant temperature thermal degradation testing method using the thermal degradation experimental system of radioactive waste of the present invention, which comprises the following steps:
introducing nitrogen into the thermal degradation experimental system through a nitrogen source, opening the vacuumizing device, setting the air exhaust flow of the vacuumizing device to be slightly smaller than the air inlet flow of the nitrogen source, and exhausting air in the pipeline; and
set up tube furnace heating program, treat that the temperature reaches the appointed temperature of experiment and stabilizes the back in the reaction section of tube furnace, rise the material of radioactive waste into the tube furnace through the lift slide rail rapidly and carry out the thermal degradation of deciding the temperature.
As an improvement of the constant temperature thermal degradation test method, the variable temperature pyrolysis test method further comprises the following steps: the gas product was collected and analyzed by means of a gas bag arranged on the side of the evacuation device remote from the cooling device.
Compared with the prior art, the thermal degradation experimental system and the thermal degradation testing method for the radioactive waste have the following effects: the weighing process is stable and reliable; the lifting slide rail is used for stably and quickly lifting the radioactive materials, and the thermogravimetric information acquisition of the constant-temperature thermal reaction process can be approximately realized. The support is used for bearing materials, the support rod is a high-temperature-resistant rigid pipe, the support rod is light and stable in reaction process, and instability does not exist. In addition, the balance for weighing is sealed with the inlet by using the sealing box, and the outlet adopts a vacuum pump air exhaust mode, so that the atmosphere environment in the reaction furnace can be ensured, and the products in the reaction process can be collected and analyzed simultaneously. Therefore, the method can realize the acquisition of the quality change information and the product information of the pyrolysis of samples such as urban solid waste, biomass and the like under the constant temperature condition.
Drawings
The thermal degradation experimental system and the thermal degradation testing method of the radioactive waste of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of an experimental system for thermal degradation of radioactive wastes according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of partial assembly of a lifting slide rail, a balance and a support in the experimental system for thermal degradation of radioactive waste.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention more clear, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the present invention provides a system for thermal degradation experiment of radioactive waste, which comprises:
the sealing box 20 is internally provided with a balance 40 and a lifting slide rail 30 for driving the balance 40 to move up and down;
a supporter 50 disposed in a quartz tube 60 partially extended to the hermetic container 20, one end of the supporter 50 being disposed on the balance 40, and the other end of the supporter 50 for supporting radioactive waste and extending into the tube furnace 70;
a nitrogen source 10 hermetically connected to the seal box 20 and the quartz tube 60 through pipes, respectively;
a cooling device 100 hermetically connected to the quartz tube 60 through a pipe for cooling the thermal degradation product from the quartz tube 60; and
and the vacuumizing device 80 is hermetically connected with the cooling device 100 through a pipeline and is used for vacuumizing the thermal degradation experiment system.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the contact between the seal box 20 and the quartz tube 60 is sealed by a seal strip. The holder 50 is parallel to the quartz tube 60 to ensure that the holder 50 carried by the balance 40 does not touch the wall of the quartz tube 60 during the lifting process.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the lifting slide 30 is a linear sliding lifting slide, and it is necessary to ensure a fast and stable non-vibration sliding, so as to ensure that the radioactive material can reach the reaction zone quickly for the purpose of temperature setting.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the support 50 is a rigid support, the base of which is sufficiently stable, while the support rods need to be resistant to high temperatures and light in weight.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the evacuation flow of the evacuation device 80 is stable and free of fluctuations. In the experiment process, the air exhaust flow of the vacuum pumping device 80 is slightly smaller than the air supply flow of the nitrogen source, so that the nitrogen pressure at the inlet is in a micro-positive pressure state, and the reaction section is prevented from containing oxidizing gas due to air infiltration.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the cooling device 100 is provided with an ultra-fine glass fiber non-gel cartridge at the outlet of the vacuum unit 80 for preventing the loss of the macromolecular substances of the condensable components before condensation. Furthermore, a gas bag 90 for collecting the gaseous products is connected to the side of the evacuation device 80 remote from the cooling device 100 via a line.
The thermal degradation experimental system variable temperature thermal degradation testing method utilizing the radioactive waste comprises the following steps:
introducing nitrogen into the thermal degradation experimental system through a nitrogen source 10, opening a vacuumizing device 80, setting the air exhaust flow of the vacuumizing device 80 to be slightly smaller than the air inlet flow of the nitrogen source, and exhausting air in a pipeline; and
the radioactive waste material is weighed and placed on the rack 50, the radioactive material is raised into the tube furnace 70 by the lifting slide rail 30, and the furnace body heating procedure is started.
The constant-temperature thermal degradation testing method for the thermal degradation experimental system of the radioactive waste comprises the following steps of:
introducing nitrogen into the thermal degradation experimental system through a nitrogen source 10, opening a vacuumizing device 80, setting the air exhaust flow of the vacuumizing device 80 to be slightly smaller than the air inlet flow of the nitrogen source 10, and exhausting air in a pipeline; and
and setting a heating program of the tube furnace 70, and quickly heating the material of the radioactive waste into the tube furnace 70 through the lifting slide rail 30 for constant-temperature thermal degradation after the temperature in the reaction section of the tube furnace 70 reaches the experimental specified temperature and is stable.
It will be appreciated that, depending on the actual requirements, the pyrolysis liquid product of the constant and variable temperature test process may be collected by a cooler, while the gaseous product is collected by a gas bag for subsequent compositional analysis. In addition, other inert gas sources may be used in addition to the nitrogen gas source.
In combination with the above detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, it can be seen that the thermal degradation experimental system and the thermal degradation testing method of radioactive waste of the present invention have the following effects, compared to the prior art:
the lifting slide rail 30 is utilized to ensure that the lifting process of the radioactive materials is stable and quick, the thermogravimetric information acquisition of the constant temperature thermal reaction process can be nearly realized, and the weighing process is stable and reliable. Make it
The bracket 50 is used for bearing radioactive materials, and the bracket 50 is a high-temperature-resistant rigid tube, so that the bracket is light and stable in reaction process and is not unstable.
The balance 40 for weighing is sealed with the inlet by using a sealing box, and the outlet adopts a vacuum pump air exhaust mode, so that the atmosphere environment in the reaction furnace can be ensured, and the products in the reaction process can be collected and analyzed. Therefore, the method can realize the acquisition of the quality change information and the product information of the pyrolysis of samples such as urban solid waste, biomass and the like under the constant temperature condition.
The present invention can be modified and adapted appropriately from the above-described embodiments, according to the principles described above. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims (12)
1. A thermal degradation experimental system for radioactive waste, comprising:
the sealed box is internally provided with a balance and a lifting slide rail for driving the balance to move up and down;
the support is arranged in a quartz tube partially extending to the sealing box, one end of the support is arranged on the balance, and the other end of the support is used for bearing radioactive wastes and extending to the tube furnace;
the nitrogen source is respectively connected with the sealing box and the quartz tube in a sealing way through pipelines;
the cooling device is hermetically connected with the quartz tube through a pipeline and is used for cooling the thermal degradation products from the quartz tube; and
and the vacuumizing device is connected with the cooling device through a pipeline in a sealing manner and is used for vacuumizing the thermal degradation experiment system.
2. The experimental system for the thermal degradation of radioactive waste of claim 1, wherein the sealing box is sealed with the quartz tube through a sealing strip.
3. The experimental system for the thermal degradation of radioactive waste of claim 1, wherein said support is parallel to a quartz tube.
4. The experimental system for the thermal degradation of radioactive waste of claim 1, wherein the lifting slide is a linear sliding lifting slide.
5. The system for testing thermal degradation of radioactive waste of claim 1, wherein said support is a rigid support.
6. The experimental system for the thermal degradation of radioactive waste according to claim 1, wherein the evacuation flow rate of the evacuation device is slightly smaller than the gas supply flow rate of the nitrogen gas source.
7. The experimental system for the thermal degradation of radioactive waste of claim 1, wherein an outlet of the cooling device connected with the vacuum-pumping device is provided with an ultra-fine glass fiber non-gel filter cylinder.
8. The experimental system for the thermal degradation of radioactive waste of claim 1, wherein a gas bag for collecting gas products is connected to one side of the vacuum extractor, which is far away from the cooling device, through a pipeline.
9. A variable temperature thermal degradation test method using the thermal degradation experimental system of radioactive waste of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
introducing nitrogen into the thermal degradation experimental system through a nitrogen source, opening the vacuumizing device, setting the air exhaust flow of the vacuumizing device to be slightly smaller than the air inlet flow of the nitrogen source, and exhausting air in the pipeline; and
weighing the material of the radioactive waste, placing the material on a bracket, utilizing a lifting slide rail to lift the material into the tube furnace, and starting a furnace body heating program.
10. The variable temperature thermal degradation test method of claim 9, further comprising: the gas product was collected and analyzed by means of a gas bag arranged on the side of the evacuation device remote from the cooling device.
11. A constant temperature thermal degradation test method using the thermal degradation experimental system of radioactive waste of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
introducing nitrogen into the thermal degradation experimental system through a nitrogen source, opening the vacuumizing device, setting the air exhaust flow of the vacuumizing device to be slightly smaller than the air inlet flow of the nitrogen source, and exhausting air in the pipeline; and
set up tube furnace heating program, treat that the temperature reaches the appointed temperature of experiment and stabilizes the back in the reaction section of tube furnace, rise the material of radioactive waste into the tube furnace through the lift slide rail rapidly and carry out the thermal degradation of deciding the temperature.
12. The variable temperature thermal degradation test method of claim 11, further comprising: the gas product was collected and analyzed by means of a gas bag arranged on the side of the evacuation device remote from the cooling device.
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