CN112431644B - Cooling and heating combined supply system by adjusting flow distribution ratio of working medium - Google Patents
Cooling and heating combined supply system by adjusting flow distribution ratio of working medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN112431644B CN112431644B CN202011130990.2A CN202011130990A CN112431644B CN 112431644 B CN112431644 B CN 112431644B CN 202011130990 A CN202011130990 A CN 202011130990A CN 112431644 B CN112431644 B CN 112431644B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/08—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using ejectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/08—Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
- F22G7/00—Steam superheaters characterised by location, arrangement, or disposition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B43/00—Arrangements for separating or purifying gases or liquids; Arrangements for vaporising the residuum of liquid refrigerant, e.g. by heat
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
Abstract
The invention relates to a cooling and supplying combined system by adjusting the flow distribution ratio of a working medium, belonging to the technical field of energy conservation. The combined cooling and power supply system comprises a condenser, a low-pressure steam generator, a high-pressure preheater, a high-pressure evaporator, a high-pressure superheater, a low-pressure turbine, a high-pressure turbine, a gas-liquid separator, a mixer, an ejector, a refrigeration evaporator, a low-pressure working medium pump, a high-pressure working medium pump and a throttle valve. The system adopts a double-pressure evaporation ORC system, so that better heat transfer temperature difference matching in the heat absorption process can be realized, the heat transfer 15794loss in the heat absorption process is reduced, the outlet temperature of a heat source is favorably reduced, and the waste heat resource is more fully utilized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cooling and supplying combined system by adjusting the flow distribution ratio of a working medium, belonging to the technical field of energy conservation.
Background
Energy is the power on which the economy of the world and the country is developed, and due to the fact that the long-term industrialization process depends heavily on petrochemical energy, the petrochemical energy is over-exploited, and energy shortage and a plurality of environmental problems are caused. In order to reduce the consumption of petrochemical energy and realize the sustainable development of industry, on one hand, renewable energy sources which are rich in total amount and friendly to the environment, such as solar energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy and the like, are developed and utilized as much as possible; on the other hand, it is necessary to improve the efficiency of energy use. In practice, because of the limited conversion efficiency of the equipment, energy cannot be completely converted into heat or power usable in industrial processes, and a large amount of industrial waste heat is widely present in various conventional manufacturing processes and is also a source of usable energy. If the waste heat in the industrial process can be efficiently recycled and converted to utilize renewable energy, huge economic and environmental benefits are generated.
The power-cooling combined supply system organically combines the power generation sub-cycle and the refrigeration sub-cycle, can utilize one heat source to simultaneously obtain the power quantity and the cold quantity, and has higher overall energy conversion efficiency compared with a single power generation or refrigeration system. At present, the researched power-cooling combined supply system is based on the majority of Kalina circulation, the system equipment is common, and the flow is complex. ORC has the advantages of simple structure, high safety and reliability, low operation and maintenance requirements and good thermodynamic performance, and is considered to be one of the most effective methods for recovering waste heat below 350 ℃. The double-pressure evaporation ORC can realize better heat transfer temperature difference matching between the heat source side and the working medium side, reduces heat transfer irreversible loss, realizes lower heat source outlet temperature and improves the utilization rate of waste heat. In the refrigeration cycle, ERC has the advantages of simple structure and design, few moving parts, low system investment and stable and reliable operation, and therefore, ERC is also often used as a refrigeration sub-cycle in a combined power and cooling system. However, the work-cooling combined supply system based on the ORC and the ERC is less, turbine intermediate air extraction or turbine exhaust gas is adopted to drive the ERC, the cold energy is obtained only through loss of generated energy, the heat absorption process with large loss ratio of the system is not improved, and the system performance is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems and the defects existing in the prior art, the invention provides a combined cooling and supplying system (a DEPCC-LG system driven by a low-temperature heat source) which is coupled with a double-pressure evaporation ORC system and an injection type refrigerating system (ERC) by adjusting the flow distribution ratio of the working medium, can utilize one heat source to simultaneously generate electric quantity and cold quantity, is favorable for improving the heat transfer temperature difference matching between the heat source side and the working medium side, reduces the heat transfer irreversible loss in the heat absorption process, improves the system performance, can realize lower-temperature emission on waste heat resources and improves the waste heat utilization rate. The technology has the remarkable characteristics that: (1) the ejector and the turbine are in parallel connection, so that work and cooling capacity requirements of different users can be realized by adjusting the distribution flow of the working medium, and the application range is wide; (2) the outlet temperature and the dryness of the low-pressure stage turbine and the outlet temperature of the high-pressure stage steam generator can be adjusted, so that the heat absorption process has better temperature matching, and the 15794loss in the heat exchange process can be reduced; (3) the full temperature opposite gradient utilization of the waste heat flow can be realized. The system adopts a double-pressure evaporation ORC system, so that better heat transfer temperature difference matching in the heat absorption process can be realized, the heat transfer 15794loss in the heat absorption process is reduced, the outlet temperature of a heat source is favorably reduced, and the waste heat resource is more fully utilized. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a cooling and supplying combined system by adjusting the flow distribution ratio of a working medium comprises a condenser 1, a low-pressure stage steam generator 2, a high-pressure stage preheater 3, a high-pressure stage evaporator 4, a high-pressure stage superheater 5, a low-pressure stage turbine 6, a high-pressure stage turbine 7, a gas-liquid separator 8, a mixer 9, an ejector 10, a refrigeration evaporator 11, a low-pressure working medium pump 12, a high-pressure working medium pump 13 and a throttle valve 14;
a saturated working medium liquid outlet of a condenser 1 is divided into two parts, one part of the saturated working medium liquid outlet enters a refrigeration evaporator 11 through a throttle valve 14 to absorb heat and then enters an injection fluid inlet of an ejector 10, the other part of the saturated working medium liquid outlet enters a saturated working medium liquid inlet of a low-pressure stage steam generator 2 through a low-pressure working medium pump 12, a two-phase working medium outlet of the low-pressure stage steam generator 2 enters a gas-liquid separator 8, a saturated working medium steam outlet in the gas-liquid separator 8 enters a low-pressure stage turbine 6 to expand and do work to output electric power, a liquid working medium outlet in the gas-liquid separator 8 is divided into two parts, one part of the liquid working medium outlet enters a working fluid inlet of the ejector 10, the other part of the liquid working medium outlet sequentially passes through a high-pressure working medium pump 13, a high-pressure stage preheater 3, a high-pressure stage evaporator 4 and a high-pressure stage superheater 5 to enter a high-pressure stage turbine 7 to expand and do work, and three-stream of a waste steam outlet of the low-pressure stage turbine 6, a waste steam outlet, a high-pressure stage turbine 7 and a fluid outlet of the ejector 10 are uniformly mixed in a mixer 9 and then return to the condenser 1.
The saturated working medium liquid is a single organic working medium or a non-azeotropic mixed working medium pair.
The working principle of the cooling combined supply system with the over-adjustment of the flow distribution ratio of the working medium is as follows:
the saturated working medium liquid at the outlet of the condenser 1 is divided into two parts, one part of the saturated working medium liquid is expanded and throttled by the throttle valve 14 and then enters the refrigeration evaporator 11 to absorb heat so as to output cold energy, the other part of the saturated working medium liquid is boosted to low-pressure evaporation pressure by the low-pressure working medium pump 12 and is subjected to heat absorption and evaporation in the low-pressure stage steam generator 2, the two-phase working medium at the outlet of the low-pressure stage steam generator 2 enters the gas-liquid separator 8, and the separated saturated working medium steam enters the low-pressure stage turbine 6 to be expanded and act so as to output electric power. The liquid working medium in the gas-liquid separator 8 is divided into two parts, one part is used as the working fluid of the ejector 10, and the low-pressure saturated working medium steam from the refrigeration evaporator 11 is ejected after the pressure reduction and speed increase of the nozzle; the other part of the saturated working medium liquid is boosted to the pressure of the high-pressure stage evaporator 4 through the high-pressure working medium pump 13, preheated by the high-pressure stage preheater 3, subjected to heat absorption evaporation by the high-pressure stage evaporator 4 and superheated by the high-pressure stage superheater 5, and then enters the high-pressure stage turbine 7 for expansion and work. Three streams of fluid at the outlet of the low-pressure stage turbine 6, the outlet of the high-pressure stage turbine 7 and the outlet of the ejector 10 are uniformly mixed in the mixer 9 and then enter the condenser 1, and the mixture is cooled and condensed to form saturated working medium liquid, so that one cycle is completed.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
(1) The parallel relation between the ERC and the turbine, the work and cooling capacity requirements of different users can be realized by adjusting the flow distribution ratio of the working medium, and the application range is wide.
(2) The outlet temperature and the dryness of the low-pressure stage turbine and the outlet temperature of the high-pressure stage steam generator are adjusted, so that the heat absorption process has better temperature matching, and the 15794loss in the heat exchange process is favorably reduced.
(3) The system can realize sufficient temperature opposite cascade utilization of waste heat flow.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a cooling combined supply system by adjusting the flow distribution ratio of working media.
In the figure: the system comprises a condenser 1, a low-pressure stage steam generator 2, a high-pressure stage preheater 3, a high-pressure stage evaporator 4, a high-pressure stage superheater 5, a low-pressure stage turbine 6, a high-pressure stage turbine 7, a gas-liquid separator 8, a mixer 9, an ejector 10, a refrigeration evaporator 11, a low-pressure working medium pump 12, a high-pressure working medium pump 13 and a throttle valve 14.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and detailed description.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the cooling and supplying system by adjusting the flow rate distribution ratio of the working medium comprises a condenser 1, a low-pressure stage steam generator 2, a high-pressure stage preheater 3, a high-pressure stage evaporator 4, a high-pressure stage superheater 5, a low-pressure stage turbine 6, a high-pressure stage turbine 7, a gas-liquid separator 8, a mixer 9, an ejector 10, a refrigeration evaporator 11, a low-pressure working medium pump 12, a high-pressure working medium pump 13 and a throttle valve 14;
a saturated working medium liquid outlet of a condenser 1 is divided into two parts, one part enters a refrigeration evaporator 11 through a throttle valve 14 to absorb heat and then enters an injection fluid inlet of an ejector 10, the other part enters a saturated working medium liquid inlet of a low-pressure stage steam generator 2 through a low-pressure working medium pump 12, a two-phase working medium outlet of the low-pressure stage steam generator 2 enters a gas-liquid separator 8, a saturated working medium steam outlet in the gas-liquid separator 8 enters a low-pressure stage turbine 6 to do work and output electric power, a liquid working medium outlet in the gas-liquid separator 8 is divided into two parts, one part enters a working fluid inlet of the ejector 10, the other part enters a high-pressure stage turbine 7 to do work after sequentially passing through a high-pressure working medium pump 13, a high-pressure stage preheater 3, the high-pressure stage evaporator 4 and a high-pressure stage superheater 5, and the three-strand fluid of a steam exhaust outlet in the low-pressure stage turbine 6, a steam exhaust outlet in the high-pressure stage turbine 7 and a fluid outlet of the ejector 10 are uniformly mixed in a mixer 9 and then return to the condenser 1.
The system takes R245fa as saturated working medium liquid, takes sulfur-free flue gas as a driving heat source, the temperature of flue gas at the inlet of the high-pressure steam generator 4 is 170 ℃, the mass flow of the flue gas is 1kg/s, the average constant pressure specific heat of the flue gas is 1.0kJ/kg, the condensation temperature is 35 ℃, the ambient temperature is 20 ℃, the refrigeration and evaporation temperature is 5 ℃, and the superheat degree of working medium at the inlet of the expansion machine is 10 ℃. The temperature difference of the pinch points in the heat absorption process is 10 ℃, the temperature difference of the pinch points in the condenser 1 and the refrigeration evaporator 11 is 5 ℃, and the efficiency of the heat regenerator is 0.7 hour. When the high-pressure evaporation temperature is 140 ℃, the low-pressure evaporation temperature is 116 ℃ and the dryness of the outlet of the low-pressure steam generator 2 is 0.27, the cold output of 4.44kW and the circulating net power output of 12.77kW are obtained, the thermal efficiency of the system is 16.53 percent and the 15794efficiency is 45.09 percent.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. The utility model provides a but cold confession system that confession of adjusting working medium flow distribution ratio that allies oneself with, its characterized in that: the system comprises a condenser (1), a low-pressure-stage steam generator (2), a high-pressure-stage preheater (3), a high-pressure-stage evaporator (4), a high-pressure-stage superheater (5), a low-pressure-stage turbine (6), a high-pressure-stage turbine (7), a gas-liquid separator (8), a mixer (9), an ejector (10), a refrigeration evaporator (11), a low-pressure working medium pump (12), a high-pressure working medium pump (13) and a throttle valve (14);
a saturated working medium liquid outlet of a condenser (1) is divided into two parts, one part enters a refrigeration evaporator (11) through a throttle valve (14) to absorb heat and then enters an injection fluid inlet of an ejector (10), the other part enters a saturated working medium liquid inlet of a low-pressure stage steam generator (2) through a low-pressure working medium pump (12), a two-phase working medium outlet of the low-pressure stage steam generator (2) enters a gas-liquid separator (8), a saturated working medium steam outlet in the gas-liquid separator (8) enters a low-pressure stage turbine (6) to expand and do work to output electric power, a liquid working medium outlet in the gas-liquid separator (8) is divided into two parts, one part enters a working fluid inlet of the ejector (10), the other part sequentially passes through a high-pressure working medium pump (13), a high-pressure stage preheater (3), a high-pressure stage evaporator (4) and a high-pressure stage superheater (5) to enter a high-pressure stage turbine (7) to expand and do work, a steam exhaust outlet in the low-pressure stage turbine (6), a steam exhaust outlet in the high-pressure stage turbine (7) and a three-pressure stage fluid outlet of the ejector (10) is uniformly mixed in a mixer (9) and then returns to the condenser (1).
2. The cooling combined supply system capable of adjusting the working medium flow distribution ratio according to claim 1, characterized in that: the saturated working medium liquid is a single organic working medium or a non-azeotropic mixed working medium pair.
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| CN202011130990.2A CN112431644B (en) | 2020-10-21 | 2020-10-21 | Cooling and heating combined supply system by adjusting flow distribution ratio of working medium |
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| CN113803156A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-17 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Combined cooling heating and power system of ORC-jet type refrigerating device |
| CN117432493B (en) * | 2023-12-18 | 2024-03-01 | 南京天加能源科技有限公司 | Be applied to LNG gasification cold energy recovery's high-efficient ORC power generation system |
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2020
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| JP2000161018A (en) * | 1998-09-21 | 2000-06-13 | Ebara Corp | Method and device of exhaust heat recovery power generation by water-ammonia mixed fluid |
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