CN112430124A - Method for preparing light porous sintered material by using aluminum ash - Google Patents

Method for preparing light porous sintered material by using aluminum ash Download PDF

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CN112430124A
CN112430124A CN202011574435.9A CN202011574435A CN112430124A CN 112430124 A CN112430124 A CN 112430124A CN 202011574435 A CN202011574435 A CN 202011574435A CN 112430124 A CN112430124 A CN 112430124A
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aluminum ash
fine
aluminum
silicon source
porous sintered
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CN112430124B (en
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郭强
田登超
李永利
付明波
张灵
丁敏
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Luoyang Tianrui Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Institute of Process Engineering of CAS
Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology
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Luoyang Tianrui Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Institute of Process Engineering of CAS
Zhengzhou Institute of Emerging Industrial Technology
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Abstract

The invention provides a method for preparing a light porous sintered material by using aluminum ash, which comprises the following steps: (1) carrying out grading grinding-crushing treatment on the waste aluminum ash, and removing large particle components such as metallic aluminum and the like in the waste aluminum ash to obtain fine aluminum ash; (2) fully grinding a silicon source to prepare a fine silicon source material; (3) compounding the fine aluminum ash and the fine silicon source material (1-4) in a mass ratio of 1, and fully mixing; (4) adding the mixture into a mould for pressure forming to prepare a dry blank; (5) placing the dry blank in a high-temperature furnace, and calcining to obtain a sintered blank; (6) and cutting and shaping the sintered rough material to prepare a porous material product. The method has wide raw material sources, only adopts high silicon materials as additives, adopts a dry method in the whole preparation process, and does not relate to the environmental problems that aluminum nitride is hydrolyzed in water to generate ammonia gas, fluoride is dissolved out to pollute water and the like.

Description

Method for preparing light porous sintered material by using aluminum ash
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of recycling of aluminum ash, in particular to a method for preparing a porous sintered material by using waste aluminum ash.
Background
The aluminum ash is solid waste discharged in the processes of electrolytic aluminum production, aluminum processing and secondary aluminum production, and the amount of the aluminum ash discharged per year in China is estimated to be as high as 200 million tons. According to different production links, the aluminum ash can be divided into primary aluminum ash and secondary aluminum ash, the content of metal aluminum in the primary aluminum ash is high, and the utilization value is high; the waste residue of the primary aluminum ash after extracting the metal aluminum is called secondary aluminum ash, which has low valuable components and contains a large amount of toxic and harmful components such as aluminum nitride, fluoride, chloride and the like. In 2019, 12 and 30 months, the ecological environment department clearly stipulates that aluminum ash generated in the aluminum smelting process of electrolytic aluminum, secondary aluminum and the like belongs to dangerous waste. In the face of increasingly strict environment situation, the problem of safe disposal of hazardous waste aluminum ash in the aluminum industry has become a focus of attention in the industry.
At present, the research on the treatment of the aluminum ash at home and abroad mainly focuses on the recycling of valuable components such as metal aluminum, aluminum oxide and the like in the aluminum ash, the utilization rate is relatively low, and the residue after extraction is still high; and the secondary aluminum ash has low content of valuable components and high toxicity, so the resource utilization rate is very low. The aluminum ash is used for preparing a high-performance sintering material, so that on one hand, high-value utilization of the waste aluminum ash can be realized; on the other hand, the detoxification treatment of aluminum nitride and fluoride in the aluminum ash can be realized through the high-temperature process, and the pollution problem of toxic components in the aluminum ash is fundamentally solved.
CN 104973853A discloses a method for preparing a high-strength shale brick by using waste aluminum ash, which comprises the steps of crushing and screening shale and coal gangue, weighing materials and auxiliary raw materials according to the mass ratio, mixing the materials and the auxiliary raw materials, mixing the materials and the waste aluminum ash, and drying, roasting, preserving heat and cooling to obtain the high-strength shale brick with the breaking strength of more than 20Mpa and the compressive strength of more than 40 Mpa. CN 105036699B discloses a method for preparing a high-strength durable ganged brick by using waste aluminum ash, which mainly adopts the waste aluminum ash, fly ash, waste glass powder and a composite additive as raw materials, and then the ganged brick with the water absorption rate of 25-30%, the porosity of 40-50%, the breaking strength of 40-50MPa and the compressive strength of 90-100MPa is prepared by the procedures of material mixing, semi-dry pressing forming, firing forming and the like. CN 103771833B discloses an aluminum ash sound-absorbing wall brick and a preparation method thereof, which is mainly formed by firing aluminum ash, clay and a compound auxiliary material after adding water, wherein the auxiliary material is a mixture of rosin, micro silicon powder and calcium carbonate, the firing process is carried out in three stages, and the maximum sintering temperature reaches 1300-1500 ℃. CN 107540343A discloses a method for preparing paving bricks by using waste aluminum ash, which comprises the steps of mixing, wet grinding, semi-dry pressing and forming, firing and forming by using the waste aluminum ash, fly ash, calcium oxide, compound additives and the like as raw materials, and then naturally cooling under the argon atmosphere to obtain paving brick products.
The invention prepares the sintering materials with different purposes by using the aluminum ash through corresponding technologies, and achieves the purpose of resource utilization of the aluminum ash to a certain extent, but the adding proportion of the aluminum ash is generally low, and various additives are mostly required to be added in a mixing way. The invention only adopts two raw materials of aluminum ash and silicon raw material, the raw material source is simple, and the gas generated by the reaction of the inherent fluorine and nitrogen components in the aluminum ash is fully utilized in the firing process to prepare the sintering material with high strength and large porosity, thereby not only realizing the detoxification treatment of toxic elements in the aluminum ash, but also having higher added value of the obtained product.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for preparing a porous sintered material by using waste aluminum ash, which solves the problems that the aluminum ash cannot be doped in a large amount and the utilization rate is low at present.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing a light porous sintered material by using aluminum ash comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out grading grinding-crushing treatment on the waste aluminum ash, and removing large particle components such as metallic aluminum and the like in the waste aluminum ash to obtain fine aluminum ash;
(2) fully grinding a silicon source to prepare a fine silicon source material;
(3) compounding the fine aluminum ash obtained in the step (1) and the fine silicon source material (1-4) obtained in the step (2) in a mass ratio of 1, and fully mixing;
(4) adding the mixture obtained in the step (3) into a mould for pressure forming to prepare a dry blank;
(5) placing the dry blank obtained in the step (4) in a high-temperature furnace, and calcining to obtain a sintered blank;
(6) and (5) cutting and shaping the sintered blank obtained in the step (5) to prepare a porous material product.
The particle size range of the fine aluminum ash in the step (1) is D90<300 μm, preferably D90<150μm。
In the step (2), the silicon source is quartz sand, micro silicon powder, white carbon black or silica, and the particle size range of the fine silicon source material is D90<300 μm, preferably D90<75μm。
In the step (3), the fine aluminum ash and fine silicon source material 2: 1, compounding.
The forming pressure in the step (4) is 1-10MPa, preferably 6-8 MPa.
In the step (5), the calcination temperature is 750-.
The porosity of the porous sintered material is more than 60 percent, the bulk density is 300-1000kg/m, and the compressive strength is 6.0-20.0 MPa.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the adding proportion of the aluminum ash is high and reaches more than 50 percent, and the possibility is provided for large-scale utilization of the aluminum ash waste slag;
(2) the sintering temperature is low, the sintering process can be completed below 1100 ℃, the energy consumption in the preparation process is low, and the production cost is low;
(3) the fired product is a light porous material, has high strength, small bulk density, rich pore structure, good performances of heat preservation, heat insulation, sound insulation, fire prevention and the like, can be used as a light building material or a heat preservation and insulation material and the like, and realizes the harmless treatment and resource utilization of the waste aluminum ash;
(4) the raw materials are wide in source, only high-silicon materials are used as additives, and additives with other complex components are not added, so that the production process is simple;
(5) the whole preparation process is a dry method, and does not relate to the environmental problems that aluminum nitride is hydrolyzed in water to generate ammonia gas, fluoride is dissolved out to pollute a water body and the like; the aluminum nitride is oxidized and decomposed in the high-temperature firing process, and fluorides such as calcium fluoride and cryolite react with silicon dioxide to generate gaseous fluorides to volatilize, so that harmless detoxification of toxic components in aluminum ash is realized, and the product is safer to apply.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an SEM photograph of the internal microstructure of the sintered material of example 1.
FIG. 3 shows the pretreated aluminum ash material.
FIG. 4 is a comparison of XRD phase changes before and after sintering.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In the embodiment, the primary aluminum ash (the specific components are shown in table 1) is used as a raw material, and the primary aluminum ash is preferentially recycled and separated due to the fact that the content of metal aluminum in the primary aluminum ash is high and the recycling value is high.
TABLE 1 Primary aluminium ash chemical composition (dry basis)
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: weighing 3.0kg of primary aluminum ash raw material, and sorting out 2kg of fine aluminum ash with the granularity of less than 150 mu m through multiple times of classified grinding-screening; the large-particle sample separated by grinding and sorting is mainly metallic aluminum, and can be recovered by smelting;
(2) compounding silicon raw materials: weighing 1.0kg of quartz sand raw material, and grinding until the particle size reaches D90<75 μm; then uniformly mixing the ground silicon raw material with fine aluminum ash;
(3) dry pressing and forming: placing the compounded mixture in a pressure die for dry pressing molding, wherein the molding pressure is 1.0Mpa, and demolding after keeping the pressure for 1min to obtain a dry blank;
(4) and (3) high-temperature sintering: sintering the prepared dry blank in a high-temperature muffle furnace, setting the sintering temperature at 750 ℃, heating up at a rate of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 5h, and naturally cooling to obtain a sintered blank after sintering;
(5) cutting and shaping: and cutting and shaping the surface of the obtained blank to obtain the light porous brick with the size of 24cm x 12cm x 6cm, wherein the porosity is 75% by testing, the volume density is 632kg/m by carrying out thin film top-dressing and top-dressing, and the compressive strength is 11.4 MPa.
As can be seen from the SEM photograph, the raw material mixture after the sintering treatment has undergone a significant sintering phenomenon, and a new mesh-like structure is generated. Through XRD phase change analysis, an aluminosilicate component is generated in the product, which shows that a silica component in the silicon raw material reacts with alumina in the aluminum ash; on the other hand, after sintering treatment, the cryolite component in the raw material disappears; according to thermodynamic analysis, the following reactions mainly occur in the components in the raw materials under the sintering condition:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
in conclusion: the invention makes full use of Al in the aluminum ash2O3、Na3AlF6Chemical characteristics of the AlN component. On the one hand, use is made of Al2O3And SiO2The intermediate reaction generates an aluminosilicate component with higher strength under the sintering condition; on the other hand, the gas generated by the reaction of cryolite and aluminum nitride in the aluminum ash in the sintering process is fully utilized to form pores, so that a high-strength porous material product is prepared.
Example 2
In the embodiment, the primary aluminum ash is used as a raw material, and the specific preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: weighing 3.0kg of primary aluminum ash raw material, and sorting out 2kg of fine aluminum ash with the granularity of less than 150 mu m through multiple times of classified grinding-screening; the large-particle sample separated by grinding and sorting is mainly metallic aluminum, and can be recovered by smelting;
(2) compounding silicon raw materials: weighing 2.0kg of silica fume as a raw material, wherein the silica fume is not ground any more due to small granularity, and is directly and uniformly mixed with fine aluminum ash;
(3) dry pressing and forming: placing the compounded mixture in a pressure die for dry pressing molding, wherein the molding pressure is 6.0Mpa, and demolding after keeping the pressure for 1min to obtain a dry blank;
(4) and (3) high-temperature sintering: sintering the prepared dry blank in a high-temperature muffle furnace, setting the sintering temperature to be 1100 ℃, heating up at a rate of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 3h, and naturally cooling after sintering to obtain a sintered blank;
(5) cutting and shaping: and cutting and shaping the surface of the obtained blank to obtain the light porous brick with the size of 24cm by 12cm by 6cm, wherein the porosity is 81.2 percent, the volume density is 453kg/m and the compressive strength is 10.6MPa according to a test.
Example 3
In the embodiment, secondary aluminum ash (specific components are shown in table 2) is directly used as a raw material, and the secondary aluminum ash has smaller granularity, and the recovery value is not large because the content of metal aluminum is lower, and the recovery of the metal aluminum component is not considered in the preparation process.
TABLE 2 Secondary aluminium ash chemical composition (dry basis)
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pretreatment of raw materials: weighing 2.0kg of secondary aluminum ash raw material, and grinding the raw material to ensure that the particle size range of the raw material reaches D90<75μm；
(2) Compounding silicon raw materials: weighing 0.5kg of quartz sand raw material, and grinding until the particle size reaches D90<75 μm; then uniformly mixing the ground silicon raw material with fine aluminum ash;
(3) dry pressing and forming: placing the compounded mixture in a pressure die for dry pressing molding, wherein the molding pressure is 8.0Mpa, and demolding after keeping the pressure for 1min to obtain a dry blank;
(4) and (3) high-temperature sintering: sintering the prepared dry blank in a high-temperature muffle furnace, setting the sintering temperature to 850 ℃, heating up at a rate of 5 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 3h, and naturally cooling to obtain a sintered blank after sintering;
(5) cutting and shaping: and cutting and shaping the surface of the obtained blank to obtain the light porous brick with the size of 24cm x 12cm x 6cm, testing that the porosity is 64%, the volume density is 831kg/m in a thin film top-view method, and the compressive strength is 18.6 MPa.
Compared with the traditional process, the technology realizes high-value utilization of the aluminum ash waste residue, and simultaneously carries out harmless detoxification treatment on toxic components in the aluminum ash, so that the prepared product is a high-strength light porous material, the product value is high, the application range is wide, and the method has obvious technical advantages.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (7)

1. A method for preparing a light porous sintered material by using aluminum ash is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) carrying out grading grinding-crushing treatment on the waste aluminum ash to obtain fine aluminum ash;
(2) fully grinding a silicon source to prepare a fine silicon source material;
(3) compounding the fine aluminum ash obtained in the step (1) and the fine silicon source material (1-4) obtained in the step (2) in a mass ratio of 1, and fully mixing;
(4) adding the mixture obtained in the step (3) into a mould for pressure forming to prepare a dry blank;
(5) placing the dry blank obtained in the step (4) in a high-temperature furnace, and calcining to obtain a sintered blank;
(6) and (5) cutting and shaping the sintered blank obtained in the step (5) to prepare a porous material product.
2. The method for preparing the lightweight porous sintered material using aluminum ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the particle size range of the fine aluminum ash in the step (1) is D90<300μm。
3. The method for preparing the lightweight porous sintered material using aluminum ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the silicon source is quartz sand, micro silicon powder, white carbon black or silica, and the particle size range of the fine silicon source material is D90<300μm。
4. The method for preparing the lightweight porous sintered material using aluminum ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the fine aluminum ash and fine silicon source material 2: 1, compounding.
5. The method for preparing the lightweight porous sintered material using aluminum ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and (4) forming pressure in the step (4) is 1-10 Mpa.
6. The method for preparing the lightweight porous sintered material using aluminum ash as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (5), the calcination temperature is 750-.
7. A porous sintered material produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the porosity of the porous sintered material is more than 60 percent, the bulk density is 300-1000kg/m, and the compressive strength is 6.0-20.0 MPa.
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CN113088714A (en) * 2021-04-13 2021-07-09 郑州大学 Method for defluorination and denitrification by secondary aluminum ash fire method
CN113173802A (en) * 2021-06-16 2021-07-27 江苏东台超凡创新新材料科技有限公司 Method for preparing porous mullite brick by using secondary aluminum ash
CN113563102A (en) * 2021-08-23 2021-10-29 北京科技大学 Method for preparing porous ceramic by in-situ curing and forming aluminum-containing ash water-based slurry
CN113563102B (en) * 2021-08-23 2022-07-08 北京科技大学 Method for preparing porous ceramic by in-situ curing and forming aluminum-containing ash water-based slurry
CN113816759A (en) * 2021-10-25 2021-12-21 中铝郑州有色金属研究院有限公司 Heat-insulating refractory material prepared from hazardous waste and preparation method thereof
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CN114085067A (en) * 2021-12-23 2022-02-25 郑州中科新兴产业技术研究院 Method for preparing sintered material by using secondary aluminum ash
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CN115611657A (en) * 2022-09-26 2023-01-17 科达制造股份有限公司 Light aggregate using aluminous ash as raw material and preparation method thereof
CN115611657B (en) * 2022-09-26 2023-12-19 科达制造股份有限公司 Lightweight aggregate with aluminum ash as raw material and preparation method thereof
CN115849943A (en) * 2022-12-13 2023-03-28 昆明理工大学 Method for synthesizing ceramsite

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