Integrated forming processing method for communication cable clamp
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cable clamp production, in particular to a method for integrally forming and processing a communication cable clamp.
Background
The wire clamp is an iron or aluminum metal accessory capable of being fixed on a wire, most of the wire clamp needs to bear large tensile force during operation, and some wire clamps need to ensure good electrical contact.
When processing electric power fastener, need use the tapping machine to attack the external screw thread to the tip of electric power fastener when carrying out the shaping man-hour, then bend it into required bending shape, however, often have following problem in the traditional communication cable fastener integrated into one piece course of working: a. in carrying out communication cable fastener integrated into one piece course of working, often will treat fashioned fastener to place one by one through the manual work and carry out the contour machining operation on the forming device, the automatic feed that can't realize the electric power fastener, manual work intensity of labour is big, the work efficiency of processing work has been reduced, b, during traditional communication cable fastener integrated into one piece processing operation, be difficult to carry out the centre gripping location operation simultaneously to the both ends of fastener after the fastener is placed in place automatically, be convenient for the tapping machine carries out the tapping operation simultaneously to the both ends of fastener, promote the operating efficiency of contour machining operation, also be difficult to bend the fastener automatically after the tapping operation is accomplished, and support the both ends of fastener in step when bending, avoid the unilateral too big angle of bending that causes the fastener to take place to warp, further promote the operating efficiency of contour machining operation.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides an integrated forming method for a communication cable clip, which can solve the above problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to achieve the purpose: a communication cable clamp integrated forming processing method uses a communication cable clamp integrated forming processing device which comprises an installation base plate, a support column, a model frame, a tapping machine, a tapping slide plate, a tapping air cylinder, a conveying mechanism and a bending mechanism, and the communication cable clamp integrated forming processing device is used for the communication cable clamp integrated forming processing operation in the following specific method:
s1, placing a wire clamp: firstly, manually placing an electric wire clamp to be molded into a conveying mechanism;
s2, blanking in batches: the electric wire clamps stacked in the S1 are conveyed to the bending mechanism one by one in batches through the conveying mechanism;
s3, clamping and tapping: carry the electric power fastener that targets in place to S2 through the mechanism of bending and fix a position the centre gripping operation, later, start the tapping machine to the removal that promotes the tapping slide through the tapping cylinder drives the tapping machine and carries out the tapping operation to the tip of electric power fastener.
S4, bending and collecting: after tapping is finished, bending the power wire clamp through a bending mechanism, and manually taking out and collecting the power wire clamp;
supporting columns are uniformly arranged at the peripheral corners of the lower end of the mounting bottom plate, a v-shaped frame with a downward opening is arranged at the upper end of the mounting bottom plate, tapping sliding plates are symmetrically arranged on the inner side wall of the v-shaped frame through sliding fit, tapping machines are symmetrically arranged on the tapping sliding plates, tapping cylinders are symmetrically arranged on the outer side wall of the v-shaped frame, an output shaft of each tapping cylinder is connected with the tapping sliding plates, a bending mechanism is arranged on the mounting bottom plate positioned on the inner side of the v-shaped frame, and a conveying mechanism is arranged on the mounting bottom plate and positioned on the outer side of the v-shaped frame.
The bending mechanism comprises a bending motor, a bending screw rod, a bending sliding plate, a bending seat, a bending sliding groove, a supporting rotating shaft, a supporting sliding frame, a supporting spring, a bending sliding block and a clamping unit, wherein the bending screw rod is installed between the 21274frame and the mounting base plate through rotating fit, the bending motor is installed at the upper end of the 21274frame through a motor seat, an output shaft of the bending motor is connected with the bending screw rod through a coupler, the bending sliding plate is installed on the bending screw rod through thread fit, the bending seat is installed at the lower end of the bending sliding plate, the bending sliding groove is installed on the mounting base plate below the bending seat, the supporting sliding frame is symmetrically installed in the bending sliding groove through sliding fit, the supporting rotating shaft is symmetrically installed at the upper end of the supporting sliding frame through rotating fit, the bending sliding block is symmetrically installed in the middle of the supporting sliding frame, the clamping unit is symmetrically installed on the mounting base plate on two sides of the bending sliding groove, the clamping unit is connected with the supporting sliding frame through the supporting spring, the inclined sliding groove is arranged on the bending sliding frame, the supporting sliding frame can be pulled to support the supporting sliding frame to slide frame through the limiting effect of pulling and return the supporting sliding frame to quickly return the bending operation of the bending sliding frame after the bending operation, and the bending operation is finished, and the bending operation of the bending sliding frame is finished, and the bending operation is finished quickly, and the bending operation is finished.
The clamping unit comprises a clamping support, a fixed shaft, a clamping rotary table, a lifting sliding frame, lifting sliding rods, clamping sliding rods, a connecting rod, a connecting shaft, a clamping cylinder, a limiting sliding seat, a clamping rotary plate, a clamping jaw, a clamping base, a limiting sliding rod, a limiting spring, a limiting connecting rod and a limiting seat, wherein the clamping support is symmetrically arranged on an installation bottom plate positioned at two sides of a bending sliding groove, the clamping support is connected with the supporting sliding frame through the supporting spring, the fixed shaft is arranged between the inner walls of the supporting support, the clamping rotary table is arranged on the fixed shaft through rotating fit, the lifting sliding frame is arranged on the fixed shaft positioned at two sides of the clamping rotary table through sliding fit, the lifting sliding rods are arranged at the lower end of the lifting sliding frame, the lifting sliding rods are connected with the clamping rotary table through sliding fit, the connecting rods are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the clamping rotary table and connected with the connecting rod through rotating fit, the clamping rotary plate is arranged on the clamping support at the rear side of the clamping rotary plate, the output shaft of the clamping cylinder is in hinged transmission with the connecting rod, the clamping slide rod is arranged at the upper end of the clamping slide rod through sliding fit, the limiting sliding rod, the sliding rod is connected with the lifting sliding support through sliding seat, and connected with the clamping base through sliding fit, the limiting sliding rod, the clamping rotary plate is arranged on the limiting sliding seat, and connected with the clamping base seat through sliding seat, and the upper ends of the limiting slide bars and the limiting connecting rods are provided with limiting seats with the same structural shape, the arranged clamping rotary disc drives the lifting slide bars to start to move downwards through the limiting action of the clamping sliding grooves when rotating, the lifting slide bars are pulled to slide downwards through the lifting sliding frame, and the arranged rotating notches can enable the clamping rotary plate to rotate through the limiting action when the clamping slide bars pull the clamping rotary plate to move downwards, so that clamping jaws arranged at the outer ends of the clamping rotary plate are matched with the clamping base to clamp the wire clamp.
Further, the conveying mechanism comprises a conveying bottom plate, supporting plates, limiting blocks, conveying rotating plates, a conveying seat, a conveying cam, conveying rotating shafts, connecting plates, connecting rings, a transmission shaft and a conveying motor, the conveying bottom plates are symmetrically arranged on the mounting bottom plate below the v-21274frame, the limiting blocks are uniformly arranged at the upper ends of the conveying bottom plates, the inclined plates are symmetrically arranged on the conveying bottom plate at the rear side of the limiting blocks, the supporting plates are uniformly arranged on the mounting bottom plate between the conveying bottom plates, the conveying rotating shafts are symmetrically arranged at the upper ends of the supporting plates through rotating matching, the connecting plates are symmetrically arranged on the conveying rotating shafts at the inner sides of the supporting plates, the conveying rotating plates are arranged between the connecting plates through rotating matching, the conveying seats are uniformly arranged at the left and right sides of the upper ends of the conveying rotating plates, the symmetry is installed in the transport pivot that is located the backup pad outside and is carried the cam, the go-between is installed through the normal running fit symmetry to the circumference outer wall of carrying the cam, connect through the transmission shaft transmission between the go-between, install the conveying motor through the motor cabinet on the mounting plate, the output shaft of conveying motor is connected with the transport pivot through the shaft coupling, a certain amount of fastener can be placed to the hang plate of setting, the fastener receives the effect of gravity from the top down evenly arranges on the inclined plane of hang plate, realize the automatic feeding of fastener when the contour machining operation of being convenient for, carry on to the centre gripping base one by one through the lift reciprocating motion of carrying the commentaries on classics board and then will place the fastener on the stopper, further reduce artifical intensity of labour, promote the work efficiency of shaping operation.
Furthermore, the slide of bending on be provided with the slope spout that from top to bottom gradient increases gradually, the slide of bending can pass through the limiting displacement pulling support balladeur train of the slope spout and slide between two parties.
Furthermore, the clamping rotary table is provided with a clamping sliding groove along the circumferential direction, and the lifting sliding rod is positioned in the clamping sliding groove and is in sliding fit with the clamping rotary table.
Furthermore, the connecting rod outside the clamping support on the symmetry seted up the spout of stepping down, the connecting axle is located the spout of stepping down and connecting axle and connecting rod sliding fit, through the adaptable connecting rod angle change when rotating of the spout of stepping down that sets up.
Furthermore, the limiting sliding seat is provided with a rotating groove opening, the clamping rotating plate is positioned in the rotating groove opening and is in sliding fit with the limiting sliding seat.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the conveying cams rotate and simultaneously drive the connecting rings to rotate around the conveying rotating shafts in a rotating manner by the rotating fit between the conveying cams, so that the conveying cams are further suitable for the change of the distance between the adjacent conveying cams during rotation, the conveying rotating plates can be driven to synchronously rotate around the conveying rotating shafts by the rotation of the connecting plates, the wire clamps placed on the limiting blocks are conveyed to the clamping base one by the lifting reciprocating motion of the conveying rotating plates, the labor intensity of workers is further reduced, and the working efficiency of molding operation is improved.
2. The invention provides an integrated forming processing method of a communication cable clamp, a clamping rotary disc arranged on a bending mechanism drives a lifting slide bar to start to move downwards through the limiting action of a clamping slide groove when the clamping rotary disc rotates, a lifting slide frame pulls the clamping slide bar to slide downwards, a rotating notch arranged on the clamping rotary disc can drive a clamping rotary plate to rotate through the limiting action when the clamping slide bar pulls the clamping rotary plate to move downwards, so that a clamping jaw arranged at the outer end of the clamping rotary plate is matched with a clamping base to clamp a cable clamp, a abdicating slide groove arranged on a connecting rod can adapt to the angle change of the connecting rod during rotation through the limiting action, as the middle part of a limiting connecting rod is fixedly arranged on the clamping base through rotating matching, the limiting slide bar pushes the limiting connecting rod to rotate through hinged matching with the limiting connecting rod while sliding downwards, the messenger sets up and supports the surface that leans on the fastener in spacing seat of spacing connecting rod tip and support it spacingly, the tapping operation can be carried out simultaneously to the both ends of fastener to the tapping machine that the symmetry set up, further promote the work efficiency of shaping operation, set up the slope spout on the slide of bending, the slide of bending is through the limiting displacement accessible of slope spout bending the slider pulling support balladeur train and is slided between two parties, support the both ends of fastener in step when bending, avoid the unilateral atress too big angle of bending that causes the fastener to take place to warp, strengthen the effect of bending of the operation of bending, the supporting spring who sets up can be after the operation of bending is accomplished through the quick carriage pull back that will support of elasticity reply, be convenient for take out the fastener, further promote the work efficiency of shaping processing operation.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a first cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a second cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view at A of FIG. 4 according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a partial perspective view of the delivery mechanism of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a partial perspective view of the clamping unit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, it being understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Referring to 1-7, the communication cable clamp integrated forming processing method uses a communication cable clamp integrated forming processing device, the communication cable clamp integrated forming processing device comprises an installation bottom plate 1, a support column 2, a v-212743, a tapping machine 4, a tapping sliding plate 5, a tapping cylinder 6, a conveying mechanism 7 and a bending mechanism 8, and the communication cable clamp integrated forming processing method adopting the communication cable clamp integrated forming processing device comprises the following specific steps:
s1, placing a wire clamp: firstly, manually placing an electric wire clamp to be molded into a conveying mechanism 7;
s2, blanking in batches: the electric wire clamps stacked in the S1 are conveyed to a bending mechanism 8 one by one in batches through a conveying mechanism 7;
s3, clamping and tapping: carry the electric power fastener that targets in place through bending mechanism 8 in to S2 and carry out the centre gripping operation of fixing a position, later, start tapping machine 4 to promote the removal of tapping slide 5 through tapping cylinder 6 and drive tapping machine 4 and carry out the tapping operation to the tip of electric power fastener.
S4, bending and collecting: after tapping is finished, bending the power wire clamp through the bending mechanism 8, and manually taking out and collecting the power wire clamp;
supporting columns 2 are uniformly arranged at the peripheral corners of the lower end of the mounting base plate 1, a 212743 with a downward opening is arranged at the upper end of the mounting base plate 1, tapping slide plates 5 are symmetrically arranged on the inner side wall of the 212743 through sliding fit, tapping machines 4 are symmetrically arranged on the tapping slide plates 5, tapping cylinders 6 are symmetrically arranged on the outer side wall of the 212743, the output shafts of the tapping cylinders 6 are connected with the tapping slide plates 5, a bending mechanism 8 is arranged on the mounting base plate 1 positioned on the inner side of the 212743, and a conveying mechanism 7 is arranged on the mounting base plate 1 and is positioned on the outer side of the 212743.
The conveying mechanism 7 comprises a conveying bottom plate 7a, a supporting plate 7b, limiting blocks 7c, a conveying rotating plate 7d, a conveying seat 7e, a conveying cam 7f, a conveying rotating shaft 7g, a connecting plate 7h, a connecting ring 7j, a transmission shaft 7k and a conveying motor 7m, wherein the conveying bottom plate 7a is symmetrically arranged on the mounting bottom plate 1 below the v-shaped frame 3, the limiting blocks 7c are uniformly arranged at the upper end of the conveying bottom plate 7a, inclined plates are symmetrically arranged on the conveying bottom plate 7a at the rear side of the limiting blocks 7c, the supporting plate 7b is uniformly arranged on the mounting bottom plate 1 between the conveying bottom plates 7a, the conveying rotating shaft 7g is symmetrically arranged at the upper end of the supporting plate 7b in a rotating fit mode, the connecting plate 7h is symmetrically arranged on the conveying rotating shaft 7g at the inner side of the supporting plate 7b, the conveying rotating plate 7d is arranged between the connecting plates 7h in a rotating fit mode, the conveying rotating seat 7e is symmetrically arranged at the upper end of the conveying rotating plate 7d left and right sides, the conveying rotating shaft 7g is symmetrically arranged on the conveying rotating shaft 7g at the outer side of the supporting plate 7b, the conveying cam 7f, the connecting ring is symmetrically arranged on the connecting ring 7j, the connecting shaft 7j, the connecting ring 7j, the connecting shaft 7j is connected with the conveying motor 7m through a coupling, and the conveying motor 7m, and the connecting shaft 7j, and the conveying motor 7 m.
During specific work, a certain number of wire clamps are manually placed along the inclined plate on the conveying bottom plate 7a, the wire clamps are evenly distributed on the inclined surface of the inclined plate from top to bottom under the action of gravity, then, the conveying motor 7m is started and drives the conveying rotating shaft 7g to rotate, the connecting plate 7h and the conveying cam 7f are driven to synchronously rotate through the rotation of the conveying rotating shaft 7g, the connecting ring 7j is driven to do rotating motion with the conveying rotating shaft 7g as a circle center through the rotation fit between the conveying cam 7f and the connecting ring 7j while the conveying cam 7f rotates, the connecting ring 7j on the other side is further driven to synchronously move through the transmission shaft 7k, the conveying rotating plate 7d can be driven to synchronously do rotating motion with the conveying rotating shaft 7g as a circle center through the rotation of the connecting plate 7h, and the wire clamps placed on the limiting block 7c are conveyed to the clamping base 8k13 one by one through the lifting reciprocating motion of the conveying rotating plate 7 d.
The bending mechanism 8 comprises a bending motor 8a, a bending screw 8b, a bending sliding plate 8c, a bending seat 8d, a bending chute 8e, a supporting rotating shaft 8f, a supporting sliding frame 8g, a supporting spring 8h, a bending sliding block 8j and a clamping unit 8k, the bending screw 8b is arranged between the \\ 21274and the mounting base plate 1 through rotating fit, the bending motor 8a is arranged at the upper end of the \ 212743 through the motor seat, the output shaft of the bending motor 8a is connected with the bending screw 8b through a coupler, the bending sliding plate 8c is arranged on the bending screw 8b through thread fit, the bending seat 8d is arranged at the lower end of the bending sliding plate 8c, the bending chute 8e is arranged on the mounting base plate 1 below the bending seat 8d, the supporting sliding frame 8g is symmetrically arranged in the bending chute 8e through sliding fit, the supporting rotating shaft 8f is symmetrically arranged at the upper end of the supporting sliding frame 8g, the bending sliding block 8j is symmetrically arranged at the middle of the supporting sliding frame 8g, the supporting sliding frame 8j is provided with the bending sliding block 8j, the inclined sliding frame 8c, the supporting sliding frame 8j is arranged on the supporting sliding chute 8g through rotating fit, the supporting sliding groove 8k, the supporting sliding block 8k, and the supporting sliding frame 8k, and the clamping unit 8k is connected with the clamping unit 8g through the clamping unit 8k, and the clamping unit 8g through the clamping unit 8k, and the clamping unit.
The clamping unit 8k comprises a clamping support 8k1, a fixed shaft 8k2, a clamping rotary disc 8k3, a lifting sliding frame 8k4, a lifting sliding rod 8k5, a clamping sliding rod 8k6, a connecting rod 8k7, a connecting shaft 8k8, a clamping cylinder 8k9, a limiting sliding seat 8k10, a clamping rotary plate 8k11, a clamping jaw 8k12, a clamping base 8k13, a limiting sliding rod 8k14, a limiting spring 8k15, a limiting connecting rod 8k16 and a limiting seat 8k17, wherein the clamping support 8k1 is symmetrically arranged on the mounting bottom plate 1 at two sides of the bending sliding groove 8e, the clamping support 8k1 is connected with the supporting sliding frame 8g through a supporting spring 8h, the fixed shaft 8k2 is arranged between the inner walls of the supporting supports, the clamping rotary disc 8k3 is arranged on the fixed shaft 8k2 through rotating fit, the clamping rotary disc 8k3 is provided with a clamping sliding groove along the circumferential direction thereof, the lifting sliding support 8k4 is arranged on the 8k2 at two sides of the clamping rotary disc 8k3 through sliding fit, the lifting sliding slide frame 8k5 k4 is arranged at the lower end of the lifting slide frame 8k4, the lifting slide bar 8k5 is positioned in the clamping slide groove, the lifting slide bar 8k5 is in sliding fit with the clamping rotary table 8k3, the side wall of the clamping rotary table 8k3 is symmetrically provided with connecting rods 8k7, the connecting rods 8k7 positioned at the outer side of the clamping support 8k1 are symmetrically provided with abdication slide grooves, the connecting rods 8k7 are connected through connecting shafts 8k8, the connecting shafts 8k8 are positioned in the abdication slide grooves, the connecting shafts 8k8 are in sliding fit with the connecting rods 8k7, the side wall of the 212743 is symmetrically provided with clamping cylinders 8k9, the output shaft of the clamping cylinder 8k9 is in hinged transmission with the connecting rods 8k7, the upper end of the clamping support 8k1 is provided with a clamping slide bar 8k6 through sliding fit, the lower end of the clamping slide bar 8k6 is connected with the lifting slide frame 8k4, the upper end of the clamping slide bar 8k6 is provided with a clamping slide block 8k11 through rotating fit, the clamping support 8k1 positioned at the rear side of the clamping slide block 8k11 is provided with a limiting slide block 8k10, and a rotating notch is provided with a limiting slide block 8k10, the clamping rotating plate 8k11 is located in the rotating groove, the clamping rotating plate 8k11 is in sliding fit with the limiting sliding seat 8k10, clamping jaws 8k12 are symmetrically installed on the clamping rotating plate 8k11, clamping bases 8k13 are installed on clamping supports 8k1 located below the clamping jaws 8k12, limiting slide bars 8k14 are evenly installed in the clamping bases 8k13 through sliding fit, the limiting slide bars 8k14 are connected with the clamping bases 8k13 through limiting springs 8k15, limiting connecting rods 8k16 are symmetrically installed in the clamping bases 8k13 located on two sides of the limiting slide bars 8k14 through sliding fit, the lower ends of the limiting slide bars 8k14 are hinged to the limiting connecting rods 8k16 for transmission, and limiting seats 8k17 with the same structural shape are arranged at the upper ends of the limiting slide bars 8k14 and the limiting connecting rods 8k 16.
When the wire clamp works, after the wire clamp is conveyed to the clamping base 8k13, the clamping cylinder 8k9 pushes the connecting shaft 8k8 to move downwards, the connecting shaft 8k8 further drives the connecting rod 8k7 to move downwards through sliding fit with the connecting rod 8k7, the connecting rod 8k7 is fixedly arranged on the clamping rotary table 8k3, the connecting rod 8k7 drives the clamping rotary table 8k3 to start to do rotary motion with the fixed shaft 8k2 as the circle center while moving upwards, the lifting slide bar 8k5 is driven to start to move downwards through the limiting effect of the clamping sliding chute when the clamping rotary table 8k3 rotates, the lifting slide frame 8k4 is further driven to slide downwards along the fixed shaft 8k2, the clamping slide bar 8k6 is pulled to slide downwards through the lifting slide frame 8k4, and the clamping rotary plate 8k11 is further driven to rotate along the rotary notch on the limiting slide frame 8k10 through hinged fit with the clamping rotary plate 8k11, the clamping jaw 8k12 arranged at the outer end of the clamping rotating plate 8k11 is used for clamping a wire clamp placed on a clamping base 8k13, the limiting slide rod 8k14 starts to slide downwards under the action of thrust while the clamping jaw 8k12 clamps the wire clamp downwards, as the middle part of the limiting connecting rod 8k16 is fixedly arranged on the clamping base 8k13 through rotating fit, the limiting slide rod 8k14 pushes the limiting connecting rod 8k16 to rotate through hinged fit with the limiting connecting rod 8k16 while sliding downwards, the limiting seat 8k17 arranged at the end part of the limiting connecting rod 8k16 is abutted against the outer surface of the wire clamp and supports and limits the wire clamp, the limiting spring 8k15 is arranged to enable the limiting seat 8k17 arranged at the end part of the limiting slide rod 8k14 to be abutted against the lower surface of the wire clamp through the self elastic action, after the wire clamp is clamped, the tapping machine 4 is started, and the tapping machine 4 is driven to tap the end part of the electric wire clamp by pushing the tapping sliding plate 5 through the tapping cylinder 6, after tapping is completed, the bending motor 8a is started and drives the bending screw 8b to rotate, the bending screw 8b drives the bending sliding plate 8c to slide downwards through thread matching, the bending seat 8d is further driven to slide downwards, after the lower end of the bending seat 8d is abutted to the upper surface of a wire clamp, the clamping effect of the clamping jaw 8k12 on the wire clamp is relieved, then the bending motor 8a continues to drive the bending seat 8d to slide downwards, bending operation is performed on the wire clamp, after the bending seat 8d pushes the wire clamp to move downwards to a certain distance, the sliding matching between the bending sliding plate 8c and the bending sliding block 8j drives the supporting sliding frame 8g to start to move towards the middle part along the bending sliding groove 8e, the two ends of the wire clamp are further extruded towards one side of the bending seat 8d through the sliding support between the supporting rotating shaft 8f and the wire clamp, the bending effect of bending operation is enhanced, the supporting spring 8h can rapidly pull the supporting sliding frame 8g back to the original position through the elastic restoring effect after the bending operation is completed, and the wire clamp can be conveniently taken out.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.