CN112425479A - Rice carbon-based filter cake matrix and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Rice carbon-based filter cake matrix and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112425479A CN112425479A CN202011453043.7A CN202011453043A CN112425479A CN 112425479 A CN112425479 A CN 112425479A CN 202011453043 A CN202011453043 A CN 202011453043A CN 112425479 A CN112425479 A CN 112425479A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a rice carbon-based filter cake matrix and a preparation method thereof. Belongs to the technical field of rice substrates. The matrix comprises the following components in parts by volume: 65-75 parts of filter cake powder, 15-25 parts of biomass charcoal, 4-8 parts of granulating agent and 1-2 parts of inorganic fertilizer. The preparation method of the matrix comprises the following steps: preparing filter cake powder, preparing biomass carbon powder, mixing and granulating. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the filter cake is granulated by using the viscosity of the filter cake, so that the strength is higher and the water permeability is good; by adding the biomass charcoal, the air permeability of the matrix is increased, and the root system is favorable for pricking particles, and the seedling packing is favorable for forming a blanket; the multi-stage slow release effect of the nutrients is formed, the slow release of the nutrients is promoted, the loss of the nutrients is reduced, and the continuous supply of the matrix nutrients is facilitated; the stability is good, and the operation is convenient in the seedling raising production; mine wastes are fully utilized, the benefit is high, and the cost is lower.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice matrixes, in particular to a rice carbon-based filter cake matrix and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The mine filter cake is a sediment soil formed by utilizing sandstone ores to produce building materials such as sand, stones and the like, and producing a large amount of wastewater in the cleaning process, precipitating, filter-pressing, dehydrating and curing. According to statistics, the filter cake discharged by a common mine every year is up to 40-50 ten thousand tons. These filter cakes have a low overall utilization and have been treated so far mainly in stockpiling mode. As the stockpiling amount of the filter cake is larger and larger, the resource utilization of the filter cake to the maximum extent is not slow at all. Through experimental research, the content of heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, lead, arsenic, copper, zinc, total mercury and total nickel) in the filter cake is far lower than the soil pollution risk control standard for agricultural land of soil environmental quality (GB 15618-; meanwhile, the fertilizer contains a large amount of medium trace elements and beneficial elements such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, molybdenum, silicon and the like.
At present, seedling raising substrates sold and applied in the market are generally processed by taking peat and decomposed straws as main materials and matching with nutrient soil, perlite, vermiculite and the like. Peat is a non-renewable resource, the price is increased year by year, the decomposed straw is very poor in stability, the post-ripening and seedling burning are easy, a large amount of toxic substances are generated to influence the normal growth of seedlings, and in addition, the two materials are too light for the mechanical seedling transplanting and raising, so that the quality of the transplanted seedlings and the stability of the rice yield are seriously influenced. The nutrient soil is taken from the farmland soil and is also non-renewable, and the quality of the farmland and the national food safety are seriously affected by excessive soil taking. The mine filter cake is waste generated in the production process of building materials, has the advantages of safety, no toxicity, no public hazard, no heavy metal pollution and stable raw material source, is a high-quality raw material for producing rice seedling raising matrix, strengthens the comprehensive application of the raw material, and is beneficial to the utilization of mine waste and the development of circular economy. However, the filter cake has low organic matter content, particularly heavy viscosity, high pH value and strong alkalinity, and can not be directly planted with crops, thereby seriously affecting the application of the filter cake in production.
In conclusion, how to provide a rice matrix prepared by using a mine filter cake is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a carbon-based rice seedling raising matrix produced by using mine filter cakes and a preparation method thereof. The viscosity of the filter cake is fully utilized, the inorganic fertilizer is added to supplement organic matters, and the granulation agent is added to be combined with the biomass carbon powder and granulated to prepare the rice carbon-based seedling raising matrix.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a rice carbon-based filter cake matrix comprises the following components in parts by volume: 65-75 parts of filter cake powder, 15-25 parts of biomass charcoal, 4-8 parts of granulating agent and 1-2 parts of inorganic fertilizer.
The beneficial effects are as follows: (1) the filter cake is granulated by using the viscosity of the filter cake, so that the strength is higher and the water permeability is good; (2) by adding the biomass charcoal, the air permeability of the matrix is increased, and the root system is favorable for pricking particles, and the seedling packing is favorable for forming a blanket; (3) the multi-stage slow release effect of the nutrients is formed, the slow release of the nutrients is promoted, the loss of the nutrients is reduced, and the continuous supply of the matrix nutrients is facilitated.
Preferably, the rice carbon-based filter cake matrix is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by volume: 65 parts of filter cake powder, 25 parts of biomass charcoal, 8 parts of granulating agent and 2 parts of inorganic fertilizer.
The beneficial effects are as follows: the mine filter cake is waste generated in the production process of building materials, has the advantages of safety, no toxicity, no public hazard, no heavy metal pollution and stable raw material source, and is a high-quality raw material for producing the rice seedling raising matrix.
Preferably, the granulating agent is one or more of organic-inorganic composite bentonite, calcined montmorillonite powder and starch adhesive.
The beneficial effects are as follows: the substrate granulating agents of several types have no toxic action on the growth of seedlings, obviously promote the growth of the seedlings, are particularly suitable for granulating the substrate, have proper hardness, are easy to promote the granulation, are beneficial to water retention and fertilizer retention and promote the growth of root systems.
Preferably, the preparation method of the inorganic fertilizer comprises the following steps: preparing amide nitrogen, ammonium polyphosphate, polypeptide chelated potassium, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid ferric sodium and alum according to the mass ratio of 6:1:2:0.2:4 to obtain a mixture; and mixing the mixture with sodium aluminosilicate according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain the inorganic fertilizer.
The beneficial effects are as follows: in the production process of rice seedling raising, the thickness of a seedling tray is only 2.5cm, nutrients in a matrix are easy to lose, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers selected in the invention are slow-release fertilizers, so that the release is basically consistent with the requirements of seedlings, the utilization efficiency of the nutrients is improved, and packing and seedling strengthening are facilitated.
A preparation method of a rice carbon-based filter cake matrix comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing biomass carbon powder: baking and carbonizing crop straws at 250-275 ℃ for 30min, crushing, and sieving with a 30-50-mesh sieve to obtain biomass carbon powder;
(2) the filter cake powder, the biomass carbon powder, the granulating agent and the inorganic fertilizer are weighed and uniformly mixed according to a ratio, then a plant acid diluent with a pH value of 2-4 is added, wherein the plant acid diluent accounts for 10% of the total mass of the materials, and the mixture is granulated to form particles with a particle size of 2.00-4.75 mm.
The beneficial effects are as follows: the biochar in the matrix is generated by low-temperature carbonization, so that the energy consumption is greatly reduced, and the application of the biochar in production is promoted; the addition of the biochar in the filter cake improves the air permeability and water permeability of the matrix particles; the plant acid is generated in the production process of the biochar and is beneficial to promoting the rice packing.
Preferably, the method also comprises the preparation of filter cake powder, and the specific operations are as follows:
(1) adding 20-50 ppm of precipitator into waste water containing silt generated in the preparation of building materials in a sand and stone mining area, discharging the precipitated slurry after the waste water passes through a primary sedimentation tank, continuously precipitating the waste water in a secondary sedimentation tank, and mixing the two types of slurry to form concentrated slurry;
the precipitator is polyacrylamide or alum;
(2) dehydrating the concentrated slurry by using a frame filter press until the water content is 30-40% to obtain a filter cake;
(3) and airing the filter cake until the water content is 5%, and then crushing and sieving by using a 80-100-mesh sieve to obtain filter cake powder.
The beneficial effects are as follows: when the water content of the filter cake is high, the viscosity is extremely high, the matrix granulation is not facilitated, the filter cake is quickly dehydrated through a frame type filter press, the water content is reduced, when the water content is reduced to 5%, the filter cake is sieved through a 80-100-mesh sieve, and the fineness is favorable for matrix production granulation molding.
Preferably, the plant acid diluent is prepared by diluting waste and water in the biomass charcoal preparation process in the step (2) according to a ratio of 1: 2.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) the filter cake is granulated by using the viscosity of the filter cake, so that the strength is higher and the water permeability is good; (2) by adding the biomass charcoal, the air permeability of the matrix is increased, and the root system is favorable for pricking particles, and the seedling packing is favorable for forming a blanket; (3) the multi-stage slow release effect of the nutrients is formed, the slow release of the nutrients is promoted, the loss of the nutrients is reduced, and the continuous supply of the matrix nutrients is facilitated; (4) the stability is good, and the operation is convenient in the seedling raising production; (5) mine wastes are fully utilized, the benefit is high, and the cost is lower.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention requires the following raw materials:
the organic-inorganic composite bentonite is purchased from Zhejiang Yiguo Co., Ltd; calcined montmorillonite powder was purchased from huhaotoltun technologies ltd; starch adhesives were purchased from Guangxi constant-standard grain and oil technologies, Inc.
Raw materials are not mentioned to be purchased from commercial sources; the unrecited experimental method is a conventional experimental method, and is not described in detail herein.
Experiment 1
Through experimental research, the content of heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, lead, arsenic, copper, zinc, total mercury and total nickel) in the filter cake is far lower than the soil pollution risk control standard for agricultural land of soil environmental quality (GB 15618-; meanwhile, the fertilizer contains a large amount of medium trace elements and beneficial elements such as calcium, magnesium, zinc, molybdenum, silicon and the like (Table 2).
TABLE 1 heavy metal content test results (mg/kg) of the filter cake
TABLE 2 measurement of micronutrient content in filter cake (mg/kg)
Example 1
(1) Preparing filter cake powder:
(11) adding 20-50 ppm of precipitator into waste water containing silt generated in the preparation of building materials in a sand and stone mining area, discharging the precipitated slurry after the waste water passes through a primary sedimentation tank, continuously precipitating the waste water in a secondary sedimentation tank, and mixing the two types of slurry to form concentrated slurry;
(12) dehydrating the concentrated slurry by using a frame filter press until the water content is 30 percent to obtain a filter cake;
(13) and airing the filter cake until the water content is 5%, and then crushing and sieving by a 80-mesh sieve to obtain filter cake powder.
The precipitator is polyacrylamide, and the addition amount is 20-30 ppm;
(2) preparing biomass carbon powder: baking and carbonizing crop straws at 250 ℃ for 30min, crushing, and sieving with a 30-mesh sieve to obtain biomass carbon powder;
(3) the filter cake powder, the biomass carbon powder, the granulating agent and the inorganic fertilizer are weighed and uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio of 70%, 20%, 8.5% and 1.5%, then the plant acid diluent with the pH value of 2-4 is added, wherein the plant acid diluent accounts for 10% of the total mass of the materials, and the particles with the particle size of 2.00-4.75 mm are formed through granulation.
The granulating agent is composed of organic-inorganic composite bentonite and starch adhesive according to the mass ratio of 5: 1.
The preparation method of the inorganic fertilizer comprises the following steps: preparing amide nitrogen, ammonium polyphosphate, polypeptide chelated potassium, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid ferric sodium and alum according to the mass ratio of 6:1:2:0.2:4 to obtain a mixture; and mixing the mixture with sodium aluminosilicate according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain the inorganic fertilizer.
And (3) diluting the waste and water in the biomass charcoal preparation process in the step (2) by 1:2 to obtain the plant acid diluent.
Example 2
(1) Preparing filter cake powder:
(11) adding 20-50 ppm of precipitator into waste water containing silt generated in the preparation of building materials in a sand and stone mining area, discharging the precipitated slurry after the waste water passes through a primary sedimentation tank, continuously precipitating the waste water in a secondary sedimentation tank, and mixing the two types of slurry to form concentrated slurry;
(12) dehydrating the concentrated slurry by using a frame filter press until the water content is 40 percent to obtain a filter cake;
(13) and airing the filter cake until the water content is 5%, and then crushing and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain filter cake powder.
The precipitator is alum, and the addition amount is 40-50 ppm;
(2) preparing biomass carbon powder: baking and carbonizing crop straws at 275 ℃ for 30min, crushing, and sieving with a 50-mesh sieve to obtain biomass carbon powder;
(3) the filter cake powder, the biomass carbon powder, the granulating agent and the inorganic fertilizer are weighed and uniformly mixed according to a ratio, and then the plant acid diluent with the pH value of 2-4 accounting for 10% of the total mass of the materials is added for granulation to form particles with the particle size of 4.75 mm.
The granulating agent is composed of organic-inorganic composite bentonite and calcined montmorillonite according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.
The preparation method of the inorganic fertilizer comprises the following steps: preparing amide nitrogen, ammonium polyphosphate, polypeptide chelated potassium, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid ferric sodium and alum according to the mass ratio of 6:1:2:0.2:4 to obtain a mixture; and mixing the mixture with sodium aluminosilicate according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain the inorganic fertilizer.
And (3) diluting the waste and water in the biomass charcoal preparation process in the step (2) by 1:2 to obtain the plant acid diluent.
Experiment 2
(1) The experimental site: greenhouse in the Fuyang base of the Chinese Rice research institute.
(2) Planting rice varieties: a shaft 538.
(3) Experimental treatment: the nutrient soil for paddy field, the substrate commercially available from a certain brand (the components are 50% of peat, 20% of perlite and 30% of vermiculite), the substrate prepared in example 1 and the substrate prepared in example 2 were used respectively.
(4) The experimental method comprises the following steps: soaking the rice seeds for 48h, accelerating germination at 32 ℃ for 8-10 h, then sowing, and placing in a greenhouse for raising the seedlings. The rice seedling quality was investigated after 20 days.
(5) Measurement indexes are as follows: emergence rate, biomass, root length, root surface area.
(6) As a result: the results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 influence of different raising media on the growth of rice seedlings
As can be seen from Table 3, the growth vigor of the carbon-based filter cake substrate of the invention is obviously higher than that of rice seedlings (Table 3) of rice field nutrient soil and certain brand of commercially available substrate along with the growth of the seedlings, and the emergence rate is obviously improved. For the biomass of seedlings, the length of the root system and the surface area of the root, the examples 1 and 2 are obviously superior to the rice field nutrient soil and a certain brand of commercial substrate.
Experiment 3
(1) Subject: a certain brand of commercial substrate (components: peat 50%, perlite 20%, vermiculite 30%), substrate prepared in example 1, substrate prepared in example 2.
(2) Measurement indexes are as follows: total porosity, air voids, water retention voids, pH.
(3) And (3) measuring results: the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4 physical Properties of the different formulation bases
| Treatment of | Total porosity% | Air gap% | Pore space of water holding capacity% | pH value |
| Certain brand of commercial substrate | 25.5 | 3.4 | 22.1 | 6.5 |
| Example 1 | 60.5 | 14.1 | 65.5 | 5.2 |
| Example 2 | 70.1 | 19.6 | 82.6 | 5.5 |
As can be seen from the results in Table 4, the filter cake matrixes of examples 1 and 2 are remarkably improved in total porosity, ventilation gaps, water-holding pores and the like, are lower in pH value than a certain brand of commercially available matrix, are suitable for the requirements of rice growth, and are beneficial to packing and mechanized rice transplanting.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. The rice carbon-based filter cake matrix is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by volume: 65-75 parts of filter cake powder, 15-25 parts of biomass charcoal, 4-8 parts of granulating agent and 1-2 parts of inorganic fertilizer.
2. The rice carbon-based filter cake matrix according to claim 1, comprising the following components in parts by volume: 65 parts of filter cake powder, 25 parts of biomass charcoal, 8 parts of granulating agent and 2 parts of inorganic fertilizer.
3. The rice char-based filter cake matrix of any of claims 1 or 2, wherein said granulating agent is one or more of organic-inorganic composite bentonite, calcined montmorillonite powder and starch adhesive.
4. The rice charcoal-based filter cake matrix according to any of claims 1 or 2, wherein the inorganic fertilizer is prepared by the method comprising: preparing amide nitrogen, ammonium polyphosphate, polypeptide chelated potassium, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid ferric sodium and alum according to the mass ratio of 6:1:2:0.2:4 to obtain a mixture; and mixing the mixture with sodium aluminosilicate according to the mass ratio of 1:1 to obtain the inorganic fertilizer.
5. The method for preparing a rice charcoal-based filter cake substrate according to any of claims 1 or 2, comprising the steps of:
(1) preparing biomass carbon powder: baking and carbonizing crop straws at 250-275 ℃ for 30min, crushing, and sieving with a 30-50-mesh sieve to obtain biomass carbon powder;
(2) the filter cake powder, the biomass carbon powder, the granulating agent and the inorganic fertilizer are weighed and uniformly mixed according to a ratio, then a plant acid diluent with a pH value of 2-4 is added, wherein the plant acid diluent accounts for 10% of the total mass of the materials, and the mixture is granulated to form particles with a particle size of 2.00-4.75 mm.
6. The preparation method of rice carbon-based filter cake matrix as claimed in claim 5, further comprising the preparation of filter cake powder, comprising the following specific operations:
(1) adding 20-50 ppm of precipitator into waste water containing silt generated in the preparation of building materials in a sand and stone mining area, discharging the precipitated slurry after the waste water passes through a primary sedimentation tank, continuously precipitating the waste water in a secondary sedimentation tank, and mixing the two types of slurry to form concentrated slurry;
the precipitator is polyacrylamide or alum;
(2) dehydrating the concentrated slurry by using a frame filter press until the water content is 30-40% to obtain a filter cake;
(3) and airing the filter cake until the water content is 5%, and then crushing and sieving by using a 80-100-mesh sieve to obtain filter cake powder.
7. The method for preparing the rice charcoal-based filter cake matrix according to claim 5, wherein the plant acid diluent is obtained by diluting the waste and water in the biomass charcoal preparation process in the step (1) according to a ratio of 1: 2.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN115443880A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-12-09 | 中国水稻研究所 | Granular rice seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN115812545A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-03-21 | 南京大学 | Method for reducing nickel accumulation and nickel bioavailability of rice |
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Cited By (3)
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| CN115443880A (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2022-12-09 | 中国水稻研究所 | Granular rice seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN115443880B (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2024-07-23 | 中国水稻研究所 | Granular rice seedling raising matrix and preparation method thereof |
| CN115812545A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-03-21 | 南京大学 | Method for reducing nickel accumulation and nickel bioavailability of rice |
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