CN112421792A - Wireless charging system and control method for constant-current/constant-voltage charging optimization - Google Patents

Wireless charging system and control method for constant-current/constant-voltage charging optimization Download PDF

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CN112421792A
CN112421792A CN202011114450.5A CN202011114450A CN112421792A CN 112421792 A CN112421792 A CN 112421792A CN 202011114450 A CN202011114450 A CN 202011114450A CN 112421792 A CN112421792 A CN 112421792A
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secondary side
primary side
value
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CN112421792B (en
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卢闻州
陈祥修
樊启高
黄芳辰
吴雪峰
罗曦
陈海英
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Jiangnan University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
    • H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a wireless charging system and a control method for constant-current/constant-voltage charging optimization, and belongs to the technical field of wireless power transmission. The primary side of the system comprises an input power supply, a Buck circuit, a full-bridge inverter, a primary side transmitting coil, a compensating circuit and a primary side MCU; the secondary side of the system comprises a load, a Boost circuit, a full-wave rectifier, a secondary side receiving coil, a compensation circuit and a secondary side MCU; according to the invention, the primary side system is used for carrying out disturbance control on the Buck circuit output impedance and the secondary side system is used for carrying out closed-loop control on the output current/voltage, so that the Buck circuit output impedance can be stabilized at an optimal output impedance value, and meanwhile, the output current/voltage is stabilized near a reference value, thereby realizing accurate control and system electric energy transmission efficiency optimization in the constant current/constant voltage charging process, and being free from the help of wireless communication. The sampling object of the sampling circuit is direct current, the sampling circuit is easy to realize, and the hardware requirement is low.

Description

Wireless charging system and control method for constant-current/constant-voltage charging optimization
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wireless charging system and a control method for constant-current/constant-voltage charging optimization, and belongs to the technical field of wireless power transmission.
Background
Along with the development of scientific technology, wireless power transmission technology receives more and more extensive attention, compares in traditional charging technology, and wireless charging has advantages such as reliable, safety, convenient.
In the wireless charging technology, overcurrent charging can be prevented from occurring in the charging process through constant-current charging, and overvoltage charging can be prevented from occurring in the charging process through constant-voltage charging. Most of the existing constant-current constant-voltage charging control is completed in a wireless communication mode, the control mode needs to combine a primary side system and a secondary side system for data transmission, but the problems of data loss, errors, time delay and the like may exist in the wireless communication process, so that the control system is easy to operate unstably, and the deviation value of output current and voltage is large. Charging with excessive current or voltage for a long time can cause the heat generation of the battery to increase rapidly, even cause the nearby electrical components to generate heat, and finally cause the system to fail to work normally. Charging with too small a current or voltage will greatly increase the charging time and affect the use.
At present, research is carried out on adding an open-circuit auxiliary measuring coil on a receiving coil, judging the detuning condition of the resonant frequency by introducing the auxiliary measuring coil, and then improving the electric energy transmission efficiency of the system by using an impedance matching method. The method adopts an auxiliary measuring coil with a high-frequency transformer, so the cost is higher. In addition, a double-closed-loop control mode is adopted, namely, the primary side closed-loop control realizes the improvement of the electric energy transmission efficiency of the system, and the secondary side closed-loop control realizes constant-current/constant-voltage charging. However, the primary-side closed-loop control of this method requires the output voltage of the secondary-side full-wave rectifier to be collected, and therefore wireless communication is required. In addition, a method for identifying load parameters is provided according to an impedance reflection principle, the load impedance of a secondary side can be identified in real time only by measuring a primary side input voltage/current signal, and no communication equipment or sensor is needed to be used on the secondary side.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a control method based on a wireless charging system and constant-current/constant-voltage charging optimization, which aims to solve the problems that the existing wireless charging system is unstable in system operation, high in sampling difficulty of high-frequency current and voltage in the system and difficult to optimize the system electric energy transmission efficiency while meeting the constant-current/constant-voltage charging requirements due to the fact that charging control is carried out in a wireless communication mode, so that accurate control of voltage/current and optimization of the system electric energy transmission efficiency in a wireless charging technology are achieved.
A wireless charging system, the primary side of the system comprising: the device comprises an input power supply, a Buck circuit, a full-bridge inverter, a primary side transmitting coil, a compensating circuit and a primary side MCU; the secondary side of the system comprises: the device comprises a load, a Boost circuit, a full-wave rectifier, a secondary side receiving coil, a compensation circuit and an MCU (microprogrammed control unit) on the secondary side;
the primary side of the system is also provided with a current/voltage sampling circuit; the MCU on the primary side is connected with the output port of the sampling circuit on the primary side and is used for acquiring the direct current value I output by the Buck circuit on the primary sideoutAnd a DC voltage value Uout；
The MCU on the primary side is connected with the control input port of the Buck circuit on the primary side; the MCU on the primary side outputs a direct current value I according to the acquired Buck circuit on the primary sideoutAnd a DC voltage value UoutCalculating the output impedance value Z of the Buck circuitinAnd is combined with ZinAnd Buck circuit optimal output impedance Zin-optComparing and solving difference values, and generating a control signal of the Buck circuit after the obtained difference values are subjected to disturbance calculation;
the MCU on the primary side is also connected with a control input port of the full-bridge inverter on the primary side to generate four driving signals to drive the full-bridge inverter;
the secondary side of the system is also provided with a current/voltage sampling circuit; the MCU of the secondary side is connected with the output port of the sampling circuit of the secondary side and is used for acquiring the charging current value I of the loadbAnd a charging voltage value Ub；
The MCU of the secondary side is connected with a control input port of the secondary side Boost circuit, and detects the charging current value I of the loadbIs equal to the charging current reference value Ib-refIf I isbIs not equal to Ib-refThe MCU on the secondary side will IbAnd Ib-refComparing and calculating difference, and generating a driving signal of a secondary side Boost circuit after the obtained difference is subjected to closed-loop control to enable the charging current I of the load to bebIs equal to the charging current reference value Ib-refThe closed-loop control of the output current of the Boost circuit is realized; MCU of secondary side detects charging voltage value U of loadbWhether or not it is greater than or equal to the charging voltage reference value Ub-refIf U is presentbGreater than or equal to Ub-refMCU of secondary side will UbAnd Ub-refComparing and calculating difference values, and generating a driving signal of a secondary side Boost circuit after the obtained difference values are subjected to closed-loop control to enable the charging voltage value U of the load to be equal tobIs equal to the charging voltage reference value Ub-refAnd the closed-loop control of the output voltage of the Boost circuit is realized.
Optionally, the primary side transmit receive and compensation circuit includes:
primary side series resonant capacitor C1Primary side transmitting coil inductor L1Primary side compensation inductance Lt1Primary side compensation inductance Lt2And a primary side compensation capacitor Ct；
Primary side compensation inductance Lt1One end of the primary side compensation inductor L is connected with one end of the output of the full-bridge invertert1The other end of the primary side compensation capacitor C is connected withtAnd the primary side compensation inductance Lt2One terminal of (1), primary side compensation inductance Lt2Another end of the primary side transmitting coil is connected withInductor L1Primary side radiation coil inductance L1The other end of the primary side compensation capacitor C is connected withtAnd the other end of the full bridge inverter output.
Optionally, the primary side compensation inductor Lt1And a primary side compensation inductance Lt2Are equal.
Optionally, a charging current reference value Ib-refCalculated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002727104860000021
wherein, UinFor a DC input voltage source, IbThe charging current value of the load is D is the duty ratio of a Buck circuit, alpha is the duty ratio of a Boost circuit, M is the mutual inductance value between a primary side transmitting coil and a secondary side receiving coil, and R iseIs the input impedance of a full bridge rectifier, LtInstead of representing the primary side compensation inductance Lt1Or primary side compensation inductance Lt2，R2The equivalent resistance of the secondary side transmitting coil;
reference value of charging voltage Ub-refCalculated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002727104860000031
wherein, UbA charging voltage value for the load;
optimal output impedance value Z of primary side Buck circuitin-optCalculated according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0002727104860000032
wherein, UoutFor the value of the DC voltage output by the Buck circuit, IoutFor the direct current value output by the Buck circuit, the system working angular frequency omega is 2 pi f, f is the resonance frequency, R is1Is the equivalent resistance of the primary side transmitting coil.
Optionally, the secondary side transmitting, receiving and compensating circuit includes:
secondary side series resonance capacitor C2And secondary side receiving coil inductance L2；
Secondary side series resonance capacitor C2One end of the secondary side receiving coil inductor L is connected with2Secondary side series resonance capacitor C2The other end of the secondary side receiving coil inductor L is connected with an alternating current input end of the full-wave rectifier2The other end of the full-wave rectifier is connected with the other alternating current input end of the full-wave rectifier.
Optionally, the load of the wireless charging system is a rechargeable battery;
one direct current input end of the Buck circuit is connected with a direct current input voltage source UinThe other direct current input end of the Buck circuit is connected with a direct current input voltage source UinThe negative electrode of (1);
one direct current input end of the full-bridge inverter is connected with the positive electrode of one output end of the Buck circuit, and the other direct current input end of the full-bridge inverter is connected with the negative electrode of the other output end of the Buck circuit;
the positive electrode of one direct current output end of the full-wave rectifier is connected with the positive electrode of one direct current input end of the Boost circuit, and the negative electrode of one direct current output end of the full-wave rectifier is connected with the negative electrode of one direct current input end of the Boost circuit;
the positive electrode of one direct current output end of the Boost circuit is connected with the positive electrode of the rechargeable battery, and the negative electrode of the other direct current output end of the Boost circuit is connected with the negative electrode of the rechargeable battery;
the application also provides a control method for constant-current/constant-voltage charging optimization of the wireless charging system, which is applied to the wireless charging system and comprises the following steps:
(1) initializing MCUs on the primary side and the secondary side, and starting a wireless charging system;
(2) the MCU of the secondary side obtains the charging current value I of the load through the current/voltage sampling circuit of the secondary sidebIs shown bybReference value of charging current I with loadb-refComparing and calculating difference, and performing closed-loop control on the obtained differenceGenerating a driving signal of a secondary side Boost circuit to enable the charging current value I of the loadbIs equal to the charging current reference value Ib-ref；
(3) MCU of secondary side detects charging voltage value U of loadbWhether or not it is greater than or equal to the charging voltage reference value Ub-refIf U is presentbGreater than or equal to Ub-refMCU of secondary side will UbAnd Ub-refComparing and calculating difference values, and generating a driving signal of a secondary side Boost circuit after the obtained difference values are subjected to closed-loop control to enable the charging voltage value U of the load to be equal tobIs equal to the charging voltage reference value Ub-ref；
(4) The MCU on the primary side obtains a direct current value I output by the Buck circuit on the primary side through the current/voltage sampling circuit on the primary sideoutAnd a DC voltage value UoutCalculating the output impedance value Z of the Buck circuitinIs a reaction of ZinAnd Buck circuit optimal output impedance Zin-optAnd comparing and solving the difference value, and generating a control signal of the Buck circuit after the obtained difference value is subjected to disturbance calculation.
Optionally, in the step (1),
the MCU initialization on the primary side includes:
giving a Buck circuit control signal, giving a full-bridge inverter control signal and initializing a primary side current/voltage sampling circuit;
the initialization of the MCU at the secondary side includes:
and giving a control signal of a Boost circuit and initializing a secondary side current/voltage sampling circuit.
Optionally, in the step (2),
when the charging current value I of the secondary side loadbGreater than the charging current reference value I of the loadb-refIn time, the MCU of the secondary side can increase the duty ratio of the Boost circuit, and further reduce the charging current value I of the loadb；
When the charging current value I of the secondary side loadbLess than the charging current reference value I of the loadb-refIn time, the MCU of the secondary side reduces the duty ratio of the Boost circuit, and further increases the charging current value I of the loadbTo make the charging current value I of the loadbIs equal to the charging current reference value Ib-refAt this time, the load is in the constant current charging phase.
Optionally, in the step (3),
when the charging voltage value U of the secondary side loadbGreater than the charging voltage reference U of the loadb-refIn time, the MCU of the secondary side reduces the duty ratio of a Boost circuit, and further reduces the charging voltage value U of the loadb；
When the charging voltage value U of the secondary side loadbLess than the charging voltage reference U of the loadb-refDuring the charging, the MCU of the secondary side increases the duty ratio of the Boost circuit, and further increases the charging voltage value U of the loadbTo make the charging voltage value U of the loadbIs equal to the charging voltage reference value Ub-refThe load is in a constant voltage charging phase.
Optionally, in the step (4),
when the output impedance value Z of the primary side Buck circuitinNot equal to the optimum output impedance Zin-optDuring the operation, the MCU on the primary side increases or decreases the duty ratio of the Buck circuit by a fixed small difference value, so that the output impedance value Z of the Buck circuitinContinuously approaching or being equal to the optimal output impedance Zin-optAnd further improve the electric energy transmission efficiency of the system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention is realized by respectively and independently controlling the primary side system and the secondary side system without the aid of a wireless communication mode, and can effectively avoid various problems caused by wireless communication. In addition, the control target of the control method is clear, the control target of the secondary side is the output current/voltage, and the output current/voltage can be stabilized at the reference value by the closed-loop control. The primary side is controlled to have an output impedance value of the Buck circuit, and the output impedance value can be stabilized around an optimum output impedance value by disturbance control. The invention realizes accurate control and system electric energy transmission efficiency optimization in the constant current/constant voltage charging process by independently controlling the primary side and the secondary side.
In addition, in the aspect of hardware circuits, the hardware requirements required by the control method provided by the invention are low, and the sampling object of the sampling circuit is direct current quantity, so that the control method is easy to realize. Compared with the existing method for improving the electric energy transmission efficiency of the system by adding an additional magnetic coupling coil, the control method provided by the invention has the advantages that the cost is lower, and the system structure becomes complicated without adding redundant coils; compared with the method of realizing the primary side closed-loop control by adopting the secondary side closed-loop control and by means of wireless communication, the control method provided by the invention is completed by the sampling circuit and the MCU in the aspects of data collection and signal processing, the primary side MCU and the secondary side MCU are respectively and independently completed, the sampling circuit acquires direct current quantity, the acquisition mode is easy, the MCU is responsible for processing data to generate control signals, and the signal output is stable; compared with the method for identifying the load parameters, the control method provided by the invention is used for carrying out closed loop by taking the current/voltage of the load as a control object in the aspect of secondary side charging control, the load magnitude value is not required to be measured, and the charging current/voltage value can be better corrected.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a wireless charging system and a charging optimization control system thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of an LCL-S type compensation circuit of a wireless charging system provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a charging optimization control method of a wireless charging system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a waveform diagram of a charging current obtained by a secondary-side-only current closed-loop control provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of a charging voltage waveform under closed-loop control of only the secondary-side voltage provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a waveform diagram of charging current under primary-side disturbance control and secondary-side current closed-loop control provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a waveform diagram of the output impedance of the Buck circuit under the primary-side disturbance control and the secondary-side current closed-loop control provided in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 8 is a diagram of charging voltage waveforms under primary-side disturbance control and secondary-side voltage closed-loop control provided in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a waveform diagram of the output impedance of the Buck circuit under the primary-side disturbance control and the secondary-side voltage closed-loop control provided in one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the present embodiment provides a wireless charging system, wherein a primary side and a secondary side of the system are independently controlled, and the primary side of the system includes: the device comprises an input power supply, a Buck circuit, a full-bridge inverter, a primary side transmitting, receiving and compensating circuit and a primary side MCU; the secondary side of the system comprises: the device comprises a load, a Boost circuit, a full-wave rectifier, a secondary side transmitting, receiving and compensating circuit and an MCU (microprogrammed control unit) on the secondary side;
the primary side of the system is also provided with a current/voltage sampling circuit; the MCU on the primary side is connected with the output port of the sampling circuit on the primary side and is used for acquiring the direct current value I output by the Buck circuit on the primary sideoutAnd a DC voltage value Uout；
The MCU on the primary side is connected with the control input port of the Buck circuit on the primary side; the MCU on the primary side outputs a direct current value I according to the acquired Buck circuit on the primary sideoutAnd a DC voltage value UoutCalculating the output impedance value Z of the Buck circuitinAnd is combined with ZinAnd Buck circuit optimal output impedance Zin-optComparing and solving difference values, and generating a control signal of the Buck circuit after the obtained difference values are subjected to disturbance calculation;
the MCU on the primary side is also connected with a control input port of the full-bridge inverter on the primary side to generate four driving signals to drive the full-bridge inverter;
the secondary side of the system is also provided with a current/voltage sampling circuit; the MCU of the secondary side is connected with the output port of the sampling circuit of the secondary side and is used for acquiring the charging current value I of the loadbAnd a charging voltage value Ub；
The MCU of the secondary side is connected with a control input port of the secondary side Boost circuit, and detects the charging current value I of the loadbIs equal to the charging current reference value Ib-refIf I isbIs not equal to Ib-refAnd the secondary side control MCU controls IbAnd Ib-refComparing and calculating difference, and generating a driving signal of a secondary side Boost circuit after the obtained difference is subjected to closed-loop control to enable the charging current I of the load to bebIs equal to the charging current reference value Ib-refAnd the closed-loop control of the output current of the Boost circuit is realized. MCU of secondary side detects charging voltage value U of loadbWhether or not it is greater than or equal to the charging voltage reference value Ub-refIf U is presentbGreater than or equal to Ub-refMCU of secondary side will UbAnd Ub-refComparing and calculating difference values, and generating a driving signal of a secondary side Boost circuit after the obtained difference values are subjected to closed-loop control to enable the charging voltage value U of the load to be equal tobIs equal to the charging voltage reference value Ub-refAnd the closed-loop control of the output voltage of the Boost circuit is realized.
Example two:
in this embodiment, a wireless charging system is provided, in which a primary side and a secondary side of the system are independently controlled, referring to fig. 1, the wireless charging system includes: DC input voltage source UinThe system comprises a Buck circuit, an inverter circuit, a transmitting and receiving coil, an LCL-S type compensation circuit, a rectification circuit, a Boost circuit and a lithium battery.
In this embodiment, the primary side transmitting coil and compensating circuit and the secondary side receiving coil and compensating circuit are the transmitting and receiving coil and the LCL-S type compensating circuit in the figure, and the load is illustrated by taking a lithium battery as an example.
As shown in FIG. 1, one DC input end of the Buck circuit is connected with a DC input voltage source UinThe positive electrode of (a) a positive electrode,the other direct current input end of the Buck circuit is connected with a direct current input voltage source UinThe negative electrode of (1). One direct current input end of the full-bridge inverter is connected with the positive pole of one output end of the Buck circuit, and the other direct current input end of the full-bridge inverter is connected with the negative pole of the other output end of the Buck circuit.
In the embodiment of the invention, the LCL-S type compensation circuit is shown in FIG. 2. The LCL-S type compensation circuit comprises a primary side series resonance capacitor C1Primary side transmitting coil inductor L1Secondary side series resonance capacitor C2Secondary side receiving coil inductance L2Primary side compensation inductance Lt1Primary side compensation inductance Lt2Primary side compensation capacitor Ct。
Wherein the primary side compensation inductance Lt1One end of the primary side compensation inductor L is connected with one end of the output of the full-bridge invertert1The other end of the primary side compensation capacitor C is connected withtAnd the primary side compensation inductance Lt2One terminal of (1), primary side compensation inductance Lt2Is connected to the primary side transmitting coil inductor L at the other end1Primary side radiation coil inductance L1The other end of the primary side compensation capacitor C is connected withtAnd the other end of the full bridge inverter output. Secondary side series resonance capacitor C2One end of the secondary side receiving coil inductor L is connected with2Secondary side series resonance capacitor C2The other end of the secondary side receiving coil inductor L is connected with an alternating current input end of the full-wave rectifier2The other end of the full-wave rectifier is connected with the other alternating current input end of the full-wave rectifier.
It should be noted that: the primary side transmitting coil and the secondary side receiving coil respectively contain equivalent resistors R1、R2In terms of electrical connection, the coil inductance L is emitted at the primary side in FIG. 21Instead of representing the primary side transmitter coil, the secondary side receiver coil inductance L2Instead of representing the secondary side receiving coil.
The positive electrode of one direct current output end of the full-wave rectifier is connected with the positive electrode of one direct current input end of the Boost circuit, and the negative electrode of one direct current output end of the full-wave rectifier is connected with the negative electrode of one direct current input end of the Boost circuit. The positive pole of a direct current output end of the Boost circuit is connected with the positive pole of the lithium battery, and the negative pole of the other direct current output of the Boost circuit is connected with the negative pole of the lithium battery.
In the embodiment of the invention, the primary side of the wireless charging system is provided with a current/voltage sampling circuit for sampling the direct current voltage value output by the primary side Buck circuit. The secondary side is provided with a current/voltage sampling circuit for sampling the charging current value I of the lithium batterybAnd a charging voltage value Ub. The MCU is arranged on the primary side and connected with the output port of the primary side sampling circuit to obtain the direct current value I output by the primary side Buck circuitoutAnd a DC voltage value Uout(ii) a The MCU on the primary side is connected with the control input port of the Buck circuit on the primary side and used for controlling the output voltage of the Buck circuit; the MCU on the primary side is connected with the control input port of the full-bridge inverter on the primary side to generate four driving signals to drive the full-bridge inverter; the MCU of the secondary side is connected with the output port of the sampling circuit of the secondary side and is used for obtaining the charging current value I of the lithium batterybAnd a charging voltage value Ub(ii) a And the MCU on the secondary side is connected with a control input port of the secondary side Boost circuit and is used for realizing the closed-loop control of the output current/voltage of the Boost circuit.
EXAMPLE III
The present embodiment provides a constant current/constant voltage control method for a wireless charging system, and is a flowchart of a charging optimization control method for a wireless charging system according to the present invention, referring to fig. 3. The method comprises the following steps:
(1) initializing MCUs on the primary side and the secondary side, and starting a wireless charging system;
the primary side MCU initialization comprises the initialization of a given Buck circuit control signal, a given full-bridge inverter control signal and a primary side current/voltage sampling circuit.
The initialization of the MCU on the secondary side comprises the initialization of a given Boost circuit control signal and a secondary side current/voltage sampling circuit.
In particular, the given parameter determines the DC input voltage source UinSystem operating angular frequency omega, primary side transmitting coil inductance L1Primary side hairEquivalent resistance R of radiation coil1Primary side series resonant capacitor C1Primary side compensation inductance Lt1Primary side compensation inductance Lt2Primary side compensation capacitor CtSecondary side transmitting coil inductance L2Secondary side transmitting coil equivalent resistance R2Secondary side series resonance capacitor C2。
In this embodiment, the primary side transmitting coil inductance L1Is 176 x 10-6H, primary side compensation coil Lt1Is 100 x 10-6H, secondary side receiving coil inductance L2Is 176 x 10-6H, primary side compensation coil Lt2Is 100 x 10-6H, the resonant frequency f is 86.2 kHz.
The primary side series resonance capacitance C can be obtained from the expressions (1), (2) and (3)1Is 19.37 multiplied by 10-9F, primary side compensation capacitor CtIs 34.09X 10-9F, secondary side series resonance capacitor C2Is 19.37 multiplied by 10-9F。
Figure BDA0002727104860000081
Figure BDA0002727104860000082
Figure BDA0002727104860000083
In the three formulae, LtPresentation and primary side compensation inductance Lt1And a primary side compensation inductance Lt2Identical inductances, i.e. inductances LtInstead of representing the primary side compensation inductance Lt1Or primary side compensation inductance Lt2. The system working angular frequency omega is 2 pi f, and f is the resonance frequency.
The charging current reference value I of the lithium battery of the formula (7) can be obtained from the formulas (4), (5) and (6) by a fundamental wave analysis methodb-ref。
Figure BDA0002727104860000091
Figure BDA0002727104860000092
Figure BDA0002727104860000093
Figure BDA0002727104860000094
In the formula of UsD is the duty ratio of Buck circuit, I2Is an inductance L of a receiving coil passing through a secondary side2M is a mutual inductance value between the primary side transmitter coil and the secondary side receiver coil, ReIs the input impedance of a full bridge rectifier, I0And inputting direct current to the Boost circuit, wherein alpha is the duty ratio of the Boost circuit. Reference value of charging current I of lithium batteryb-refThe selection can be calculated according to equation (7).
(2) The MCU of the secondary side acquires the charging current value I of the lithium battery through the secondary side sampling circuitbIs shown bybReference value of charging current I of lithium batteryb-refComparing and calculating difference values, and generating a driving signal of a secondary side Boost circuit after the obtained difference values are subjected to closed-loop control to enable the charging current value I of the lithium batterybIs equal to the charging current reference value Ib-ref；
The lithium battery charging voltage reference value U of the formula (10) can be obtained from the formulas (4), (8) and (9) by a fundamental wave analysis methodb-ref。
Figure BDA0002727104860000095
Figure BDA0002727104860000096
Figure BDA0002727104860000097
In the formula of UeEffective value of AC voltage, U, input to the front end of the full-bridge rectifier0The direct current voltage is input into the Boost circuit. Reference value U of charging voltage of lithium batteryb-refThe selection can be calculated according to equation (10).
(3) MCU of secondary side detects charging voltage value U of lithium cellbWhether or not it is greater than or equal to the charging voltage reference value Ub-refIf U is presentbGreater than or equal to Ub-refMCU of secondary side will UbAnd Ub-refComparing and calculating difference values, and generating a driving signal of a secondary side Boost circuit after the obtained difference values are subjected to closed-loop control to enable the charging voltage value U of the lithium battery to be equal tobIs equal to the charging voltage reference value Ub-ref；
The output impedance value Z of the primary-side Buck circuit of formula (13) can be obtained from formula (4), formula (11) and formula (12) by using a fundamental wave analysis method, assuming that the loss of the primary-side Buck circuit in the power transmission process is neglectedin。
UoutIout＝UsIs (11)
Figure BDA0002727104860000101
Figure BDA0002727104860000102
In the formula IsThe effective value of the current input by the full-bridge inverter.
The system electric energy transmission efficiency η of the formula (14) can be obtained from the formula (5) and the formula (12) by a fundamental wave analysis method.
Figure BDA0002727104860000103
By efficiency η vs ReDerivation (d eta/dR)e0) the corresponding optimum impedance R at the maximum efficiency of equation (15) can be obtainede-opt。
Figure BDA0002727104860000104
The optimum output impedance value Z of the primary side Buck circuit of the formula (16) can be obtained from the formula (13) and the formula (15)in-opt。
Figure BDA0002727104860000105
(4) The MCU on the primary side obtains a direct current value I output by the Buck circuit on the primary side through the sampling circuit on the primary sideoutAnd a DC voltage value UoutCalculating the output impedance value Z of the Buck circuitinIs a reaction of ZinAnd Buck circuit optimal output impedance Zin-optComparing and solving difference values, and generating a driving signal of the Buck circuit after the obtained difference values are subjected to disturbance calculation so as to optimize the electric energy transmission efficiency of the system;
in order to verify the control effect of the method of the present application on the wireless charging system, the following details are further described in combination with the simulation result of the wireless charging system:
fig. 4 is a charging current waveform obtained by secondary side current only closed-loop control. Assuming that the duty ratio D of the Buck circuit and the duty ratio alpha of the Boost circuit are respectively 50% and 0%, the equivalent resistance R of the secondary side transmitting coil2Is 1 omega, and is input with a direct current voltage source Uin200V, and a mutual inductance value M between the primary side transmitter coil and the secondary side receiver coil of 0.55 × 10-4H, and assuming that the input impedance R of the full bridge rectifier is not consideredeThen, the data is substituted into formula (7) to obtain the reference value I of the charging current of the lithium batteryb-refIs 45.58A, here taken as the charging current reference value I of the lithium batteryb-refIs 2A. As can be seen from FIG. 4, when the duty ratio of the Buck circuit on the primary side is 50 percent, and only the MCU on the secondary side adopts current closed-loop control, and the charging current can be kept at about 2A under the condition that the equivalent load of the lithium battery continuously changes.
Fig. 5 is a charging voltage waveform under closed-loop control of only the secondary-side voltage. According to the formula (10), the duty ratio alpha of the Boost circuit ranges from 0% to 100%, so that the charging voltage reference value U of the lithium batteryb-refCan take a larger value, here take the charging voltage reference value U of the lithium batteryb-refAt 103V, the duty cycle D of the primary side Buck circuit is given as 50%. As can be seen from fig. 5, when the duty ratio of the Buck circuit on the primary side is 50% and only the MCU on the secondary side is under voltage closed-loop control, the charging voltage can be maintained at about 103V when the equivalent load of the lithium battery continuously changes.
Fig. 6 is a charging current waveform under the primary-side disturbance control and the secondary-side current closed-loop control. Fig. 7 shows the output impedance waveforms of the Buck circuit under the primary side disturbance control and the secondary side current closed-loop control. Secondary side charging current reference value Ib-refSet to 2A, assume that the primary-side Buck circuit optimum output impedance value is set to 50 Ω. As can be seen from fig. 6, the secondary-side current closed-loop control can keep the charging current at about 2A. As can be seen from fig. 7, the primary-side disturbance control can keep the output impedance of the Buck circuit at 50 Ω. From the equation (16), the output impedance of the Buck circuit is maintained at the optimum output impedance value Z by the primary side disturbance controlin-optWhen R iseCan satisfy the formula (15) to achieve the optimal impedance Re-optAccording to the formula (14), the system power transmission efficiency can reach the maximum value, i.e. R is in the lithium battery charging processeUnder the condition of change, the electric energy transmission efficiency of the system can be improved through primary side disturbance control.
Fig. 8 is a charging voltage waveform under the primary-side disturbance control and the secondary-side voltage closed-loop control. Fig. 9 is a Buck circuit output impedance waveform under primary side disturbance control and secondary side voltage closed-loop control. Secondary side charging voltage reference value Ub-refSet to 120V, assume that the primary side Buck circuit optimum output impedance is set to 50 Ω. As can be seen from fig. 8, the secondary side voltage closed loop control can keep the charging voltage at about 120V. As can be seen from fig. 7, the primary-side disturbance control can keep the output impedance of the Buck circuit at 50 Ω. From the equation (16), the output impedance of the Buck circuit is maintained at the optimum output impedance value Z by the primary side disturbance controlin-optWhen R iseCan satisfy the formula (15) to achieve the optimal impedance Re-optAccording to the formula (14), the system power transmission efficiency can reach the maximum value, i.e. R is in the lithium battery charging processeUnder the condition of change, the electric energy transmission efficiency of the system can be improved through primary side disturbance control.
Some steps in the embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by software, and the corresponding software program may be stored in a readable storage medium, such as an optical disc or a hard disk.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. A wireless charging system, wherein a primary side of the system comprises: the device comprises an input power supply, a Buck circuit, a full-bridge inverter, a primary side transmitting coil, a compensating circuit and a primary side MCU; the secondary side of the system comprises: the device comprises a load, a Boost circuit, a full-wave rectifier, a secondary side receiving coil, a compensation circuit and an MCU (microprogrammed control unit) on the secondary side;
the primary side of the system is also provided with a current/voltage sampling circuit; the MCU on the primary side is connected with the output port of the sampling circuit on the primary side and is used for acquiring the direct current value I output by the Buck circuit on the primary sideoutAnd a DC voltage value Uout；
The MCU on the primary side is connected with the control input port of the Buck circuit on the primary side; the MCU on the primary side outputs a direct current value I according to the acquired Buck circuit on the primary sideoutAnd a DC voltage value UoutCalculating the output impedance value Z of the Buck circuitinAnd is combined with ZinAnd Buck circuit optimal output impedance Zin-optComparing and solving difference values, and generating a control signal of the Buck circuit after the obtained difference values are subjected to disturbance calculation;
the MCU on the primary side is also connected with the control input port of the full-bridge inverter to generate four driving signals to drive the full-bridge inverter;
the secondary side of the system is also provided with a current/voltage sampling circuit; the MCU of the secondary side is connected with the output port of the sampling circuit of the secondary side and is used for acquiring the charging current value I of the loadbAnd a charging voltage value Ub；
The MCU of the secondary side is connected with a control input port of the secondary side Boost circuit, and detects the charging current value I of the loadbIs equal to the charging current reference value Ib-refIf I isbIs not equal to Ib-refThe MCU on the secondary side will IbAnd Ib-refComparing and calculating difference, and generating a driving signal of a secondary side Boost circuit after the obtained difference is subjected to closed-loop control to enable the charging current I of the load to bebIs equal to the charging current reference value Ib-refThe closed-loop control of the output current of the Boost circuit is realized;
MCU of secondary side detects charging voltage value U of loadbWhether or not it is greater than or equal to the charging voltage reference value Ub-refIf U is presentbGreater than or equal to Ub-refMCU of secondary side will UbAnd Ub-refComparing and calculating difference values, and generating a driving signal of a secondary side Boost circuit after the obtained difference values are subjected to closed-loop control to enable the charging voltage value U of the load to be equal tobIs equal to the charging voltage reference value Ub-refAnd the closed-loop control of the output voltage of the Boost circuit is realized.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the primary-side transmit receive and compensation circuit comprises:
primary side series resonant capacitor C1Primary side transmitting coil inductor L1Primary side compensation inductance Lt1Primary side compensation inductance Lt2And a primary side compensation capacitor Ct；
Primary side compensation inductance Lt1One end of the primary side compensation inductor L is connected with one end of the output of the full-bridge invertert1The other end of the primary side compensation capacitor C is connected withtAnd one end and one time ofSide compensation inductance Lt2One terminal of (1), primary side compensation inductance Lt2Is connected to the primary side transmitting coil inductor L at the other end1Primary side radiation coil inductance L1The other end of the primary side compensation capacitor C is connected withtAnd the other end of the full bridge inverter output.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the charging current reference value Ib-refCalculated according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0002727104850000021
wherein, UinFor a DC input voltage source, IbThe charging current value of the load is D is the duty ratio of a Buck circuit, alpha is the duty ratio of a Boost circuit, M is the mutual inductance value between a primary side transmitting coil and a secondary side receiving coil, and R iseIs the input impedance of a full bridge rectifier, LtInstead of representing the primary side compensation inductance Lt1Or primary side compensation inductance Lt2，R2The equivalent resistance of the secondary side transmitting coil;
reference value of charging voltage Ub-refCalculated according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0002727104850000022
wherein, UbA charging voltage value for the load;
optimal output impedance value Z of primary side Buck circuitin-optCalculated according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0002727104850000023
wherein, UoutFor the value of the DC voltage output by the Buck circuit, IoutThe DC current value output by Buck circuitThe system working angular frequency omega is 2 pi f, f is resonance frequency, R1Is the equivalent resistance of the primary side transmitting coil.
4. The system of claim 3 wherein said secondary side transmit receive and compensation circuit comprises:
secondary side series resonance capacitor C2And secondary side receiving coil inductance L2；
Secondary side series resonance capacitor C2One end of the secondary side receiving coil inductor L is connected with2Secondary side series resonance capacitor C2The other end of the secondary side receiving coil inductor L is connected with an alternating current input end of the full-wave rectifier2The other end of the full-wave rectifier is connected with the other alternating current input end of the full-wave rectifier.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the load of the wireless charging system is a rechargeable battery;
one direct current input end of the Buck circuit is connected with a direct current input voltage source UinThe other direct current input end of the Buck circuit is connected with a direct current input voltage source UinThe negative electrode of (1);
one direct current input end of the full-bridge inverter is connected with the positive electrode of one output end of the Buck circuit, and the other direct current input end of the full-bridge inverter is connected with the negative electrode of the other output end of the Buck circuit;
the positive electrode of one direct current output end of the full-wave rectifier is connected with the positive electrode of one direct current input end of the Boost circuit, and the negative electrode of one direct current output end of the full-wave rectifier is connected with the negative electrode of one direct current input end of the Boost circuit;
the positive pole of one direct current output end of the Boost circuit is connected with the positive pole of the rechargeable battery, and the negative pole of the other direct current output end of the Boost circuit is connected with the negative pole of the rechargeable battery.
6. A control method for constant current/constant voltage charging optimization of a wireless charging system, wherein the method is applied to the wireless charging system of any one of claims 1 to 5, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) initializing MCUs on the primary side and the secondary side, and starting a wireless charging system;
(2) the MCU of the secondary side obtains the charging current value I of the load through the current/voltage sampling circuit of the secondary sidebIs shown bybReference value of charging current I with loadb-refComparing and calculating difference values, and generating a driving signal of a secondary side Boost circuit after the obtained difference values are subjected to closed-loop control to enable the charging current value I of the load to be largerbIs equal to the charging current reference value Ib-ref；
(3) MCU of secondary side detects charging voltage value U of loadbWhether or not it is greater than or equal to the charging voltage reference value Ub-refIf U is presentbGreater than or equal to Ub-refMCU of secondary side will UbAnd Ub-refComparing and calculating difference values, and generating a driving signal of a secondary side Boost circuit after the obtained difference values are subjected to closed-loop control to enable the charging voltage value U of the load to be equal tobIs equal to the charging voltage reference value Ub-ref；
(4) The MCU on the primary side obtains a direct current value I output by the Buck circuit on the primary side through the current/voltage sampling circuit on the primary sideoutAnd a DC voltage value UoutCalculating the output impedance value Z of the Buck circuitinIs a reaction of ZinAnd Buck circuit optimal output impedance Zin-optAnd comparing and solving the difference value, and generating a control signal of the Buck circuit after the obtained difference value is subjected to disturbance calculation.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in the step (1),
the MCU initialization on the primary side includes:
giving a Buck circuit control signal, giving a full-bridge inverter control signal and initializing a primary side current/voltage sampling circuit;
the initialization of the MCU at the secondary side includes:
and giving a control signal of a Boost circuit and initializing a secondary side current/voltage sampling circuit.
8. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in the step (2),
when the charging current value I of the secondary side loadbGreater than the charging current reference value I of the loadb-refIn time, the MCU of the secondary side can increase the duty ratio of the Boost circuit, and further reduce the charging current value I of the loadb；
When the charging current value I of the secondary side loadbLess than the charging current reference value I of the loadb-refIn time, the MCU of the secondary side reduces the duty ratio of the Boost circuit, and further increases the charging current value I of the loadbTo make the charging current value I of the loadbIs equal to the charging current reference value Ib-refAt this time, the load is in the constant current charging phase.
9. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in the step (3),
when the charging voltage value U of the secondary side loadbGreater than the charging voltage reference U of the loadb-refIn time, the MCU of the secondary side reduces the duty ratio of a Boost circuit, and further reduces the charging voltage value U of the loadb；
When the charging voltage value U of the secondary side loadbLess than the charging voltage reference U of the loadb-refDuring the charging, the MCU of the secondary side increases the duty ratio of the Boost circuit, and further increases the charging voltage value U of the loadbTo make the charging voltage value U of the loadbIs equal to the charging voltage reference value Ub-refThe load is in a constant voltage charging phase.
10. The method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (4), when the output impedance value Z of the primary-side Buck circuit is smaller than the output impedance value Z of the primary-side Buck circuitinNot equal to the optimum output impedance Zin-optDuring the operation, the MCU on the primary side increases or decreases the duty ratio of the Buck circuit by a fixed small difference value, so that the output impedance value Z of the Buck circuitinContinuously approaching or being equal to the optimal output impedance Zin-optAnd further improve the electric energy transmission efficiency of the system.
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