CN112417029A - 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method, medium, and device based on GIS - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method, medium and equipment based on a GIS (geographic information System). firstly, unifying all spatial data coordinate systems to obtain spatial data acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle; generating a three-dimensional space data model according to space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, a scale, precision and a space data coordinate system; importing a three-dimensional space data model needing to be generated into 2.5 dimensions; presetting a spatial data tile caching mechanism; in a GIS analysis tool, generating 2.5-dimensional spatial data tiles according to preset spatial data tile cache; generating an engineering file by using a GIS analysis tool, reading a spatial data tile cache mechanism, and generating a map service address; and loading the 2.5-dimensional space data tile service according to a space data tile cache mechanism in the map service address. The method can be used for quickly visualizing the 2.5-dimensional spatial data and has the advantages of low cost, high reducibility, high response speed and contribution to popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to spaces such as constructional engineering and the like, in particular to a 2.5-dimensional space data visualization method, medium and equipment based on a GIS.
Background
The visualization of the spatial data is continuously improved along with the development of the internet and the GIS technology, and the true three-dimensional geographic spatial data is transferred from an early paper product to a two-dimensional electronic product, on one hand, the two-dimensional spatial data only carries out the simplified processing of planar projection on various geographic objects in the three-dimensional space, and cannot completely and intuitively express the spatial information on a vertical axis Z and reflect the objective world; on the other hand, the current three-dimensional spatial data cannot be accessed and browsed quickly in the existing network environment due to the reasons of format, capacity and the like, the experience effect needs to be improved, and the requirements of low construction cost and quick response of spatial data visualization are not satisfied.
The existing 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization mainly takes three-dimensional modeling as a main part, when a model is manufactured, the structure of a building is analyzed according to collected photos, the three-dimensional outline of each building is constructed as far as possible, and then each building is subjected to detailed mapping according to the collected photos or a selected material library of the outer wall, the window body and the ornament of the building, so that the real appearance of the building is restored; and after the three-dimensional modeling is finished, performing map projection according to different tools, and setting an angle to generate 2.5-dimensional spatial data. The above 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method mainly has the following disadvantages: (1) the method for establishing the three-dimensional model by using the mapping mode is long in time consumption and low in precision, the building outline needs to be constructed firstly for mapping operation, and the requirement that the building structure is complex and cannot be completely restored is met. (2) Because the software limitation can not finish the whole process from integrated data to internet browsing of 2.5-dimensional space data visualization construction under the same tool, operations such as format conversion and coordinate unification are required, and the efficiency is reduced. (3) The three-dimensional model occupies a large space, is not uniform in format, has higher requirements on network environment, capacity and the like, is not beneficial to technical popularization, and is high in requirements on computer performance and poor in experience effect because a three-dimensional client plug-in is required to be installed for browsing based on Web. (4) The two-dimensional spatial data only performs simplified processing of planar projection on all the various geographic objects in the three-dimensional space, and cannot completely and intuitively express spatial information on a vertical axis Z to reflect an objective world.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages and shortcomings of the prior art, and provide a method for visualizing 2.5-dimensional spatial data based on a GIS, which can visualize 2.5-dimensional spatial data quickly, and has the advantages of low cost, high reducibility, fast response speed, and easy popularization.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a 2.5-dimensional space data visualization device based on GIS.
A third object of the present invention is to provide a storage medium.
It is a fourth object of the invention to provide a computing device.
The first purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method comprises the following steps:
according to the geographic position and map specification of 2.5-dimensional spatial data to be constructed, the projection is defined in advance, and all spatial data coordinate systems are unified;
acquiring spatial data acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle;
generating a three-dimensional space data model according to space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, a scale, precision and a space data coordinate system;
uniformly importing a three-dimensional space data model needing to be generated into 2.5 dimensions through a GIS analysis tool;
presetting a spatial data tile cache mechanism aiming at a three-dimensional spatial data model imported by a GIS analysis tool;
in a GIS analysis tool, generating 2.5-dimensional spatial data tiles according to a preset spatial data tile cache mechanism;
generating an engineering file by using a GIS analysis tool, reading a spatial data tile cache mechanism, and generating a map service address;
and loading the 2.5-dimensional space data tile service according to a space data tile cache mechanism in the map service address.
Preferably, when the tile services of the 2.5-dimensional spatial data are loaded, the tile services corresponding to all the three-dimensional spatial data models are respectively released and loaded and are displayed in an overlapping mode according to the sequence, and then the overall effect of the 2.5-dimensional electronic map is generated.
Preferably, the generated three-dimensional space data model is a three-dimensional orthographic photography model or a three-dimensional oblique photography model according to the space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle and a scale, precision and space data coordinate system.
Preferably, for a three-dimensional spatial data model imported by a GIS analysis tool, the preset spatial data tile caching mechanism includes:
defining a tile plane angle and a top view angle of the three-dimensional data model;
defining map service as image map service;
the slicing mode is selected as 'new construction';
selecting a proportion type;
setting a tile display scale progression;
setting pixels per inch according to the running speed;
selecting the size of the selected slice;
selecting a cache trimming format;
a storage format is selected.
Preferably, in the GIS analysis tool, the 2.5-dimensional spatial data tiles with fixed angles are generated according to preset spatial data tile cache.
Preferably, the engineering file is generated by using a GIS analysis tool, the spatial data tile cache mechanism is read, and the map service URL address is generated, wherein when the map service UR address is generated, the following operations are included:
selecting an address for placing a tile server;
setting a server type;
setting a tile name;
setting an anti-aliasing function of the tile;
setting the maximum record number returned by the server;
setting pooling parameters according to the precision of the three-dimensional space data model;
among them, tile services are classified into wmts and wms formats according to usage.
Preferably, in the map service address, an html file is generated by using OPENLYER based on a GIS tool on a cloud server, and then a 2.5-dimensional spatial data tile service is loaded according to a spatial data tile cache mechanism.
The second purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization device comprises
The spatial coordinate system unifying module is used for predefining projection according to the geographical position and map specification of 2.5-dimensional spatial data to be constructed and unifying all spatial data coordinate systems;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring spatial data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle;
the data model generation module is used for generating a three-dimensional space data model according to the space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, the scale, the precision and the space data coordinate system;
the importing module is used for uniformly importing a three-dimensional space data model needing to be generated into 2.5 dimensions through a GIS analysis tool;
the tile caching mechanism presetting module is used for presetting a spatial data tile caching mechanism aiming at a three-dimensional spatial data model imported by a GIS analysis tool;
the space data tile generating module is used for generating a 2.5-dimensional space data tile according to preset space data tile cache in a GIS analysis tool;
the service address generation module is used for generating an engineering file by utilizing a GIS analysis tool, reading a space data tile cache mechanism and generating a map service address;
and the tile service loading module loads 2.5-dimensional space data tile service according to a space data tile cache mechanism in the map service address.
The third purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a storage medium stores a program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for visualizing 2.5-dimensional spatial data based on a GIS according to the first object of the present invention.
The fourth purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a computing device comprising a processor and a memory for storing a processor executable program, the processor implementing the GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method of embodiment 1 when executing the program stored in the memory.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) the invention relates to a 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method based on a GIS (geographic information system). firstly, unifying all spatial data coordinate systems to obtain spatial data acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle; then generating a three-dimensional space data model according to space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, a scale, precision and a space data coordinate system; uniformly importing a three-dimensional space data model needing to be generated into 2.5 dimensions through a GIS analysis tool; presetting a spatial data tile caching mechanism; in a GIS analysis tool, generating 2.5-dimensional spatial data tiles according to preset spatial data tile cache; generating an engineering file by using a GIS analysis tool, reading a spatial data tile cache mechanism, and generating a map service address; and loading the 2.5-dimensional space data tile service according to a space data tile cache mechanism in the map service address. In the method, three-dimensional modeling is carried out by utilizing data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, a three-dimensional real scene model which is the same as a real three-dimensional entity can be rapidly generated, the generation of complex space data such as outlines of buildings and the like by mapping data model manufacturing in the prior art is improved, a space coordinate system is unified for the data, the projection transformation between map projection and the data is avoided, the working time is further shortened, and the precision is improved.
(2) In the GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method, a GIS analysis tool is used for generating a 2.5-dimensional spatial data map tile cache mechanism, and compared with the process of realizing spatial data visualization by using a plurality of different types of software in the prior art, the method can quickly realize data sharing, has the advantages of small data volume and high practical speed, has lower requirements on required network environment and software and hardware, and meets the requirement of quick browsing access to three-dimensional spatial data under remote access.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a method for visualizing 2.5-dimensional spatial data based on a GIS (geographic information system), which is used for realizing the visualization of the 2.5-dimensional spatial data based on a GIS tool, and comprises the following specific steps as shown in figure 1:
s1, data model construction and import, specifically comprising:
s101, defining a projection coordinate system:
according to the geographic position and map specification of 2.5-dimensional spatial data to be constructed, the projection is defined in advance, and all spatial data coordinate systems are unified;
s102, acquiring spatial data acquired by an acquisition device on the unmanned aerial vehicle, and determining spatial data information of a model to be constructed; in this embodiment, the object that needs to be modeled in the space, such as a building, gathers its spatial data through the collection equipment that unmanned aerial vehicle carried on, including all information on object surface, such as orbit, profile, colour, material etc..
S103, generating a three-dimensional space data model according to space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, a scale, precision and a space data coordinate system, wherein the generated three-dimensional space data model comprises a three-dimensional orthographic photography model or a three-dimensional oblique photography model in the embodiment;
and S104, uniformly importing the three-dimensional space data model needing to be generated into 2.5 dimensions through a GIS analysis tool.
S2, tile manufacturing, specifically comprising:
s201, aiming at a three-dimensional space data model imported by a GIS analysis tool, presetting a space data tile cache mechanism, comprising:
(1) defining a tile plane angle and a top view angle of the three-dimensional data model; in the present embodiment, the three-dimensional data model tile plane angle is defined as 45 °, and the top view angle is defined as 30 °.
(2) And defining the map service as an image map service.
(3) The slicing mode is selected as 'new establishment', and the predefined slicing scheme cannot be freely used due to the difference of the slicing schemes of different models.
(4) Selecting a standard for the proportion type, and automatically generating proportion according to a numerical value defined in a proportion progression parameter; or selecting custom according to the area size generation proportion and precision requirement of the three-dimensional data model range, namely allowing the cache designer to input any required proportion in a custom mode.
(5) And setting the tile display scale progression.
(6) The pixels per inch are set according to the running speed, and in the present embodiment, the pixels per inch may be set at 96 dpi.
(7) The slice size is selected to be 256 × 256 or 512 × 512.
(8) To find the best balance between performance and manageability, the cache trim format is chosen to be PNG8 or PNG 24.
(9) And the original slice quality is not compressed.
(10) The storage format is COMPACT, and the slices are grouped into a larger package file
S202, generating 2.5-dimensional space data tiles with fixed angles in a GIS analysis tool according to a preset space data tile cache mechanism. If the tile plane angle of the three-dimensional data model defined in the tile caching mechanism is 45 degrees and the top view angle is 30 degrees, the spatial data tiles with the plane angle of 45 degrees and the top view angle of 30 degrees are generated in the step.
S3, issuing Internet service:
s301, generating an engineering file by using a GIS analysis tool, reading a spatial data tile cache mechanism, and generating a map service URL address; in map service URL address, the tile loaded in the address is limited to conform to read space data tile buffer mechanism, and the tile service can be divided into wmts and wms formats according to the application. When generating the UR address of the map service, the method comprises the following operations:
(1) selecting an address for placing a tile server;
(2) setting a server type;
(3) setting the name of the tile;
(4) setting the anti-sawtooth function of the tile;
(5) and setting the maximum record number returned by the server, wherein in the embodiment, the maximum record number returned by the server is set to be 500.
(6) Setting pooling parameters according to the precision of the three-dimensional space data model;
s302, generating an html file by using OPENLYER based on a GIS tool on a cloud server in a map service address, and loading 2.5-dimensional spatial data tile service according to a spatial data tile cache mechanism. In this embodiment, when the tile service of the 2.5-dimensional spatial data is loaded, the tile services corresponding to all the three-dimensional spatial data models are respectively released and loaded and are displayed in an overlapping manner according to the sequence, so that the overall effect of the 2.5-dimensional electronic map is generated.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization device, as shown in FIG. 2, comprising
And the spatial coordinate system unifying module is used for predefining projection according to the geographical position and map specification of 2.5-dimensional spatial data to be constructed and unifying all spatial data coordinate systems.
The acquisition module is used for acquiring the spatial data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle. In this embodiment, the object that needs to be modeled in the space, such as a building, collects its spatial data through the collection equipment that unmanned aerial vehicle carried on.
And the data model generation module is used for generating a three-dimensional space data model according to the space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, the scale, the precision and the space data coordinate system.
The importing module is used for uniformly importing a three-dimensional space data model needing to be generated into 2.5 dimensions through a GIS analysis tool;
and the tile cache mechanism presetting module is used for presetting a spatial data tile cache mechanism aiming at the three-dimensional spatial data model imported by the GIS analysis tool.
And the spatial data tile generating module is used for generating 2.5-dimensional spatial data tiles with fixed angles according to preset spatial data tile cache in a GIS analysis tool. In this embodiment, the fixed angle may be a plane angle of 45 ° and a top view angle of 30 °.
And the service address generation module is used for generating engineering files by utilizing a GIS analysis tool, reading a space data tile cache mechanism and generating a map service address.
And the tile service loading module loads 2.5-dimensional space data tile service according to a space data tile cache mechanism in the map service address. In this embodiment, when loading the tile service of the 2.5-dimensional spatial data, the tile service loading module issues and loads the corresponding tile services for all three-dimensional spatial data models, and displays the tile services in an overlapping manner in sequence, thereby generating the overall effect of the 2.5-dimensional electronic map.
For specific implementation of each module in this embodiment, reference may be made to embodiment 1, and details are not described here. It should be noted that, the apparatus provided in this embodiment is only illustrated by dividing the functional modules, and in practical applications, the functions may be distributed by different functional modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure is divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.
Example 3
The present embodiment discloses a storage medium storing a program, which when executed by a processor, implements the method for visualizing 2.5-dimensional spatial data based on a GIS according to embodiment 1, as follows:
according to the geographic position and map specification of 2.5-dimensional spatial data to be constructed, the projection is defined in advance, and all spatial data coordinate systems are unified;
acquiring spatial data acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle;
generating a three-dimensional space data model according to space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, a scale, precision and a space data coordinate system;
uniformly importing a three-dimensional space data model needing to be generated into 2.5 dimensions through a GIS analysis tool;
presetting a spatial data tile cache mechanism aiming at a three-dimensional spatial data model imported by a GIS analysis tool;
in a GIS analysis tool, generating 2.5-dimensional spatial data tiles according to a preset spatial data tile cache mechanism;
generating an engineering file by using a GIS analysis tool, reading a spatial data tile cache mechanism, and generating a map service address;
and loading the 2.5-dimensional space data tile service according to a space data tile cache mechanism in the map service address.
In this embodiment, the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer Memory, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a usb disk, a removable hard disk, or other media.
Example 4
The embodiment discloses a computing device, which includes a processor and a memory for storing a processor executable program, and when the processor executes the program stored in the memory, the method for visualizing 2.5-dimensional spatial data based on a GIS according to embodiment 1 is implemented as follows:
according to the geographic position and map specification of 2.5-dimensional spatial data to be constructed, the projection is defined in advance, and all spatial data coordinate systems are unified;
acquiring spatial data acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle;
generating a three-dimensional space data model according to space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, a scale, precision and a space data coordinate system;
uniformly importing a three-dimensional space data model needing to be generated into 2.5 dimensions through a GIS analysis tool;
presetting a spatial data tile cache mechanism aiming at a three-dimensional spatial data model imported by a GIS analysis tool;
in a GIS analysis tool, generating 2.5-dimensional spatial data tiles according to a preset spatial data tile cache mechanism;
generating an engineering file by using a GIS analysis tool, reading a spatial data tile cache mechanism, and generating a map service address;
and loading the 2.5-dimensional space data tile service according to a space data tile cache mechanism in the map service address.
In this embodiment, the computing device may be a desktop computer, a notebook computer, a smart phone, a PDA handheld terminal, a tablet computer, or other terminal devices.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
according to the geographic position and map specification of 2.5-dimensional spatial data to be constructed, the projection is defined in advance, and all spatial data coordinate systems are unified;
acquiring spatial data acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle;
generating a three-dimensional space data model according to space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, a scale, precision and a space data coordinate system;
uniformly importing a three-dimensional space data model needing to be generated into 2.5 dimensions through a GIS analysis tool;
presetting a spatial data tile cache mechanism aiming at a three-dimensional spatial data model imported by a GIS analysis tool;
in a GIS analysis tool, generating 2.5-dimensional spatial data tiles according to a preset spatial data tile cache mechanism;
generating an engineering file by using a GIS analysis tool, reading a spatial data tile cache mechanism, and generating a map service address;
and loading the 2.5-dimensional space data tile service according to a space data tile cache mechanism in the map service address.
2. The GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method according to claim 1, wherein when the 2.5-dimensional spatial data tile service is loaded, for all three-dimensional spatial data models, the tile services corresponding to the loaded tile services are respectively issued and loaded and are displayed in an overlapping manner in sequence, so that the overall effect of the 2.5-dimensional electronic map is generated.
3. The method for visualizing 2.5-dimensional spatial data based on GIS of claim 1, wherein the generated three-dimensional spatial data model is a three-dimensional orthophoto or a three-dimensional oblique photography model according to the spatial data collected by the drone and the scale, the precision and the spatial data coordinate system.
4. The method for visualizing 2.5-dimensional spatial data based on GIS of claim 1, wherein the preset tile caching mechanism for spatial data for the three-dimensional spatial data model imported by the GIS analysis tool comprises:
defining a tile plane angle and a top view angle of the three-dimensional data model;
defining map service as image map service;
the slicing mode is selected as 'new construction';
selecting a proportion type;
setting a tile display scale progression;
setting pixels per inch according to the running speed;
selecting the size of the selected slice;
selecting a cache trimming format;
a storage format is selected.
5. The method for visualizing 2.5-dimensional spatial data based on GIS of claim 1, wherein in the GIS analysis tool, the fixed-angle 2.5-dimensional spatial data tiles are generated according to a preset spatial data tile cache.
6. The method for visualizing 2.5-dimensional spatial data based on GIS of claim 1, wherein a GIS analysis tool is used to generate engineering files, read spatial data tile cache mechanism, generate map service URL address, wherein when generating map service UR address, the following operations are included:
selecting an address for placing a tile server;
setting a server type;
setting a tile name;
setting an anti-aliasing function of the tile;
setting the maximum record number returned by the server;
setting pooling parameters according to the precision of the three-dimensional space data model;
among them, tile services are classified into wmts and wms formats according to usage.
7. The GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method according to claim 1, wherein html files are generated by using OPENLYER based on a GIS tool on a cloud server in a map service address, and then 2.5-dimensional spatial data tile services are loaded according to a spatial data tile cache mechanism.
8. A GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization device, comprising:
the spatial coordinate system unifying module is used for predefining projection according to the geographical position and map specification of 2.5-dimensional spatial data to be constructed and unifying all spatial data coordinate systems;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring spatial data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle;
the data model generation module is used for generating a three-dimensional space data model according to the space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, the scale, the precision and the space data coordinate system;
the importing module is used for uniformly importing a three-dimensional space data model needing to be generated into 2.5 dimensions through a GIS analysis tool;
the tile caching mechanism presetting module is used for presetting a spatial data tile caching mechanism aiming at a three-dimensional spatial data model imported by a GIS analysis tool;
the space data tile generating module is used for generating a 2.5-dimensional space data tile according to preset space data tile cache in a GIS analysis tool;
the service address generation module is used for generating an engineering file by utilizing a GIS analysis tool, reading a space data tile cache mechanism and generating a map service address;
and the tile service loading module loads 2.5-dimensional space data tile service according to a space data tile cache mechanism in the map service address.
9. A storage medium storing a program, wherein the program when executed by a processor implements the method for visualizing 2.5-dimensional spatial data based on a GIS according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computing device comprising a processor and a memory for storing a program executable by the processor, wherein the processor, when executing the program stored by the memory, implements the method for visualizing GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data as recited in any of claims 1-7.
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