CN112417029B - 2.5-dimensional space data visualization method, medium and equipment based on GIS - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 2.5-dimensional space data visualization method, medium and equipment based on GIS, which comprises the steps of firstly unifying space data coordinate systems to acquire space data acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle; generating a three-dimensional space data model according to the space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, the scale, the precision and the space data coordinate system; importing a three-dimensional space data model which needs to be generated in 2.5 dimensions; presetting a space data tile caching mechanism; in a GIS analysis tool, according to a preset space data tile cache, generating a 2.5-dimensional space data tile; generating engineering files by using a GIS analysis tool, reading a space data tile caching mechanism, and generating a map service address; in the map service address, a 2.5-dimensional spatial data tile service is loaded according to a spatial data tile caching mechanism. The method can quickly visualize the 2.5-dimensional space data, and has the advantages of low cost, high reducibility, high response speed and contribution to popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to spaces such as constructional engineering, in particular to a 2.5-dimensional space data visualization method, medium and equipment based on GIS.
Background
With the continuous progress of the development of the Internet and GIS technology, the real three-dimensional geographic space data is migrated from an early paper product to two three-dimensional electronic products, on one hand, the two-dimensional space data only carries out simplified processing of planar projection on all geographic objects in a three-dimensional space, and the spatial information on a vertical axis Z cannot be completely and intuitively represented, so that objective world is reflected; on the other hand, the current three-dimensional space data cannot be accessed and browsed rapidly in the existing network environment due to format, capacity and the like, the experience effect is to be improved, and the requirements of low cost and rapid response of space data visualization construction are not satisfied.
The existing 2.5-dimensional space data visualization mainly takes three-dimensional modeling as a main part, when a model is manufactured, building structures are analyzed according to collected photos, three-dimensional outlines of each building are constructed as far as possible, and then fine mapping is carried out on each building according to collected photos or carefully selected material libraries of the outer walls, window forms and decorations of the building, so that the real appearance of the building is restored; and after the three-dimensional modeling is completed, map projection is carried out according to different tools, and 2.5-dimensional space data are generated by setting angles. The 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method mainly has the following defects: (1) The construction of the three-dimensional model by using the mapping mode is long in time consumption and low in precision, and the construction outline is required to be constructed firstly for mapping operation, so that the requirement of complete reduction on the construction complexity of the building is not met. (2) Because software limitation can not complete the whole process from integrating data to browsing internet in 2.5-dimensional space data visualization under the same tool, operations such as format conversion, unified coordinates and the like are needed, and efficiency is reduced. (3) The three-dimensional model occupies large space, has non-uniform format, has higher requirements on network environment, capacity and the like, is unfavorable for popularization and promotion of technology, and has high requirements on computer performance and poor experience effect due to the fact that the three-dimensional client plug-in is required to be installed for browsing based on Web. (4) The two-dimensional space data only carries out simplified processing of plane projection on all the various geographic objects in the three-dimensional space, and cannot completely and intuitively represent the space information on the vertical axis Z and reflect the objective world.
Disclosure of Invention
The first object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks and disadvantages of the prior art, and to provide a 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method based on GIS, which can quickly visualize 2.5-dimensional spatial data, and has the advantages of low cost, high reducibility, fast response speed and easy popularization.
A second object of the present invention is to provide a GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization apparatus.
A third object of the present invention is to provide a storage medium.
It is a fourth object of the present invention to provide a computing device.
The first object of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: a GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method, comprising:
according to the geographic position and map specification of the 2.5-dimensional space data to be built, pre-defining projection, and unifying the coordinate systems of the space data;
acquiring spatial data acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle;
generating a three-dimensional space data model according to the space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, the scale, the precision and the space data coordinate system;
uniformly importing a three-dimensional space data model which needs to be generated in 2.5 dimensions through a GIS analysis tool;
presetting a space data tile caching mechanism aiming at a three-dimensional space data model imported by a GIS analysis tool;
in a GIS analysis tool, generating a 2.5-dimensional space data tile according to a preset space data tile caching mechanism;
generating engineering files by using a GIS analysis tool, reading a space data tile caching mechanism, and generating a map service address;
in the map service address, a 2.5-dimensional spatial data tile service is loaded according to a spatial data tile caching mechanism.
Preferably, when loading the 2.5-dimensional space data tile service, the corresponding tile service is respectively issued and loaded for all three-dimensional space data models and displayed in a superimposed manner according to the sequence, so that the overall effect of the 2.5-dimensional electronic map is generated.
Preferably, the generated three-dimensional space data model is a three-dimensional orthographic shooting or three-dimensional oblique shooting model according to the space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, the scale, the precision and the space data coordinate system.
Preferably, for the three-dimensional space data model imported by the GIS analysis tool, the preset space data tile caching mechanism includes:
defining a tile plane angle and a overlooking angle of the three-dimensional data model;
defining a map service as an image map service;
the slicing mode is selected as 'new';
proportion type selection;
setting tile display scale series;
setting pixels per inch according to the running speed;
selecting a slice size;
selecting a cache trimming format;
a storage format is selected.
Preferably, in the GIS analysis tool, a 2.5-dimensional spatial data tile with a fixed angle is generated according to a preset spatial data tile cache.
Preferably, the GIS analysis tool is used for generating engineering files, the space data tile caching mechanism is read, and the map service URL address is generated, wherein when the map service URL address is generated, the method comprises the following operations:
selecting an address for placing a tile server;
setting a server type;
setting a tile name;
setting the anti-aliasing function of the tile;
setting the maximum record number returned by the server;
setting pooling parameters according to the precision of the three-dimensional space data model;
wherein tile services are divided into wmts and wms formats according to usage.
Preferably, in the map service address, based on a GIS tool on the cloud server, an html file is generated by using OPENLAYER, and then the 2.5-dimensional space data tile service is loaded according to a space data tile caching mechanism.
The second object of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: a2.5-dimensional space data visualization device based on GIS comprises
The space coordinate system module is used for predefining projection according to the geographic position and map specification of the 2.5-dimensional space data to be built and unifying the space data coordinate systems;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle;
the data model generation module is used for generating a three-dimensional space data model according to the space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, the scale, the precision and the space data coordinate system;
the importing module is used for uniformly importing a three-dimensional space data model which needs to be 2.5 dimensions through a GIS analysis tool;
the tile caching mechanism presetting module is used for presetting a spatial data tile caching mechanism aiming at a three-dimensional spatial data model imported by the GIS analysis tool;
the space data tile generation module is used for generating 2.5-dimensional space data tiles according to the preset space data tile cache in the GIS analysis tool;
the service address generation module is used for generating engineering files by using a GIS analysis tool, reading a space data tile caching mechanism and generating a map service address;
and the tile service loading module loads the 2.5-dimensional space data tile service according to the space data tile caching mechanism in the map service address.
The third object of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: a storage medium stores a program which, when executed by a processor, implements the GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method according to the first object of the present invention.
The fourth object of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme: a computing device comprising a processor and a memory for storing a program executable by the processor, the processor implementing the GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method of embodiment 1 when executing the program stored by the memory.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
(1) The invention relates to a 2.5-dimensional space data visualization method based on GIS, which comprises the steps of firstly unifying space data coordinate systems to acquire space data acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle; then generating a three-dimensional space data model according to the space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, the scale, the precision and the space data coordinate system; uniformly importing a three-dimensional space data model which needs to be generated in 2.5 dimensions through a GIS analysis tool; presetting a space data tile caching mechanism; in a GIS analysis tool, according to a preset space data tile cache, generating a 2.5-dimensional space data tile; generating engineering files by using a GIS analysis tool, reading a space data tile caching mechanism, and generating a map service address; in the map service address, a 2.5-dimensional spatial data tile service is loaded according to a spatial data tile caching mechanism. According to the method, three-dimensional modeling is carried out by utilizing the data collected by the unmanned aerial vehicle, so that the three-dimensional real scene model which is the same as the true three-dimensional entity can be quickly generated, the generation of complex space data such as outlines of buildings and the like in the process of mapping data model production in the prior art is improved, the space coordinate system is unified for the data, projection transformation between map projection and the data is avoided, the working time is shortened, and the precision is improved.
(2) In the 2.5-dimensional space data visualization method based on GIS, a GIS analysis tool is used for generating a 2.5-dimensional space data map tile caching mechanism, compared with the process of realizing space data visualization by using a plurality of different types of software in the prior art, the method can quickly realize data sharing, has the advantages of small data volume and high reality speed, has lower requirements on required network environment and software and hardware, and meets the quick browsing access to three-dimensional space data under remote access.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Example 1
The embodiment discloses a 2.5-dimensional space data visualization method based on GIS, which is based on GIS tools to realize the 2.5-dimensional space data visualization, as shown in FIG. 1, and comprises the following specific steps:
s1, data model construction and importing, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s101, defining a projection coordinate system:
according to the geographic position and map specification of the 2.5-dimensional space data to be built, pre-defining projection, and unifying the coordinate systems of the space data;
s102, acquiring spatial data acquired by acquisition equipment on the unmanned aerial vehicle, and determining spatial data information of a model to be constructed; in this embodiment, an object to be modeled, such as a building, in space is acquired by an acquisition device carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle, where the spatial data includes all information on the surface of the object, such as a track, a contour, a color, a material, and the like.
S103, generating a three-dimensional space data model according to the space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, the scale, the precision and the space data coordinate system, wherein the generated three-dimensional data model comprises a three-dimensional orthographic shooting or three-dimensional oblique shooting model;
s104, uniformly importing the three-dimensional space data model which needs to be generated in 2.5 dimensions through a GIS analysis tool.
S2, tile manufacturing, specifically comprising:
s201, presetting a space data tile caching mechanism aiming at a three-dimensional space data model imported by a GIS analysis tool, wherein the space data tile caching mechanism comprises:
(1) Defining a tile plane angle and a overlooking angle of the three-dimensional data model; in this embodiment, the three-dimensional data model tile plane angle is defined as 45 ° and the top view angle is defined as 30 °.
(2) The map service is defined as an image map service.
(3) The slicing mode is selected as 'new', and a predefined slicing scheme cannot be used at will because of the difference between different model slicing schemes.
(4) Selecting a standard according to the proportion type, and specifically automatically generating a proportion according to a numerical value defined in a proportion progression parameter; or custom is selected according to the area size of the range of the three-dimensional data model to generate the proportion and the precision requirement, namely, the buffer designer is allowed to input any required proportion in a custom mode.
(5) Setting tile display scale level.
(6) Pixels per inch are set according to the running speed, and in this embodiment, 96dpi per inch of pixels can be set.
(7) The selected slice size is 256×256 or 512×512.
(8) To find the best balance between performance and manageability, the cache trim format is selected as PNG8 or PNG24.
(9) The original slice quality is not compressed.
(10) The storage format is COMPACT, and the slices are grouped into a larger packet-obtaining file
S202, in a GIS analysis tool, generating a 2.5-dimensional space data tile with a fixed angle according to a preset space data tile caching mechanism. If the plane angle of the three-dimensional data model tile is 45 ° and the plane angle of the three-dimensional data model tile is 30 ° in the tile caching mechanism, a spatial data tile with the plane angle of 45 ° and the plane angle of 30 ° in the plane angle is generated in the step.
S3, publishing the Internet service:
s301, generating engineering files by using a GIS analysis tool, reading a space data tile caching mechanism, and generating a map service URL address; that is, in the map service URL address, the tile services may be divided into wmts and wms formats according to the purpose, limiting the tiles loaded in that address to conform to the read spatial data tile caching mechanism. Wherein when generating the map service URL address, the method comprises the following operations:
(1) Selecting an address for placing a tile server;
(2) Setting a server type;
(3) Setting tile names;
(4) Setting the anti-aliasing function of the tile;
(5) The maximum record number returned by the server is set, and in this embodiment, the maximum record number returned by the server is set to be 500.
(6) Setting pooling parameters according to the precision of the three-dimensional space data model;
s302, generating an html file by using OPENLAYER based on a GIS tool on a cloud server in a map service address, and loading 2.5-dimensional space data tile service according to a space data tile caching mechanism. In this embodiment, when loading the tile services of 2.5-dimensional space data, for all three-dimensional space data models, the corresponding tile services are respectively issued and loaded and displayed in a superimposed manner according to the order, so as to generate the overall effect of the 2.5-dimensional electronic map.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a 2.5-dimensional space data visualization device based on GIS, as shown in figure 2, comprising
And the space coordinate system module is used for predefining projection according to the geographical position and map specification of the 2.5-dimensional space data to be built and unifying the space data coordinate systems.
The acquisition module is used for acquiring the spatial data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle. In this embodiment, an object to be modeled, such as a building, in space acquires its spatial data by an acquisition device carried by an unmanned aerial vehicle.
The data model generation module is used for generating a three-dimensional space data model according to the space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, the scale, the precision and the space data coordinate system.
The importing module is used for uniformly importing a three-dimensional space data model which needs to be 2.5 dimensions through a GIS analysis tool;
the tile caching mechanism presetting module is used for presetting a spatial data tile caching mechanism aiming at a three-dimensional spatial data model imported by the GIS analysis tool.
And the space data tile generation module is used for generating a 2.5-dimensional space data tile with a fixed angle according to the preset space data tile cache in the GIS analysis tool. In this embodiment, the fixed angle may be 45 ° in plan view and 30 ° in top view.
And the service address generation module is used for generating engineering files by using the GIS analysis tool, reading the space data tile caching mechanism and generating a map service address.
And the tile service loading module loads the 2.5-dimensional space data tile service according to the space data tile caching mechanism in the map service address. In this embodiment, when the tile service loading module loads 2.5-dimensional space data tile services, the tile service loading module respectively issues and loads the corresponding tile services for all three-dimensional space data models and displays the tile services in a superimposed manner according to the order, so as to generate the overall effect of the 2.5-dimensional electronic map.
The specific implementation of each module in this embodiment may be referred to embodiment 1, and will not be described in detail herein. It should be noted that, the apparatus provided in this embodiment is only exemplified by the division of the above functional modules, and in practical application, the above functional allocation may be performed by different functional modules according to needs, that is, the internal structure is divided into different functional modules, so as to perform all or part of the functions described above.
Example 3
The present embodiment discloses a storage medium storing a program, which when executed by a processor, implements the GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method described in embodiment 1, as follows:
according to the geographic position and map specification of the 2.5-dimensional space data to be built, pre-defining projection, and unifying the coordinate systems of the space data;
acquiring spatial data acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle;
generating a three-dimensional space data model according to the space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, the scale, the precision and the space data coordinate system;
uniformly importing a three-dimensional space data model which needs to be generated in 2.5 dimensions through a GIS analysis tool;
presetting a space data tile caching mechanism aiming at a three-dimensional space data model imported by a GIS analysis tool;
in a GIS analysis tool, generating a 2.5-dimensional space data tile according to a preset space data tile caching mechanism;
generating engineering files by using a GIS analysis tool, reading a space data tile caching mechanism, and generating a map service address;
in the map service address, a 2.5-dimensional spatial data tile service is loaded according to a spatial data tile caching mechanism.
In the present embodiment, the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a computer Memory, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a usb disk, a removable hard disk, or the like.
Example 4
The embodiment discloses a computing device, which comprises a processor and a memory for storing a program executable by the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program stored by the memory, the 2.5-dimensional space data visualization method based on the GIS described in the embodiment 1 is realized, and the method comprises the following steps:
according to the geographic position and map specification of the 2.5-dimensional space data to be built, pre-defining projection, and unifying the coordinate systems of the space data;
acquiring spatial data acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle;
generating a three-dimensional space data model according to the space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, the scale, the precision and the space data coordinate system;
uniformly importing a three-dimensional space data model which needs to be generated in 2.5 dimensions through a GIS analysis tool;
presetting a space data tile caching mechanism aiming at a three-dimensional space data model imported by a GIS analysis tool;
in a GIS analysis tool, generating a 2.5-dimensional space data tile according to a preset space data tile caching mechanism;
generating engineering files by using a GIS analysis tool, reading a space data tile caching mechanism, and generating a map service address;
in the map service address, a 2.5-dimensional spatial data tile service is loaded according to a spatial data tile caching mechanism.
In this embodiment, the computing device may be a terminal device such as a desktop computer, a notebook computer, a smart phone, a PDA handheld terminal, or a tablet computer.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method, comprising:
according to the geographic position and map specification of the 2.5-dimensional space data to be built, pre-defining projection, and unifying the coordinate systems of the space data;
acquiring spatial data acquired by an unmanned aerial vehicle;
generating a three-dimensional space data model according to the space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, the scale, the precision and the space data coordinate system;
uniformly importing a three-dimensional space data model which needs to be generated in 2.5 dimensions through a GIS analysis tool;
presetting a space data tile caching mechanism aiming at a three-dimensional space data model imported by a GIS analysis tool;
in a GIS analysis tool, generating a 2.5-dimensional space data tile according to a preset space data tile caching mechanism;
generating engineering files by using a GIS analysis tool, reading a space data tile caching mechanism, and generating a map service address;
when generating the map service address, the method comprises the following operations:
selecting an address for placing a tile server;
setting a server type;
setting a tile name;
setting the anti-aliasing function of the tile;
setting the maximum record number returned by the server;
setting pooling parameters according to the precision of the three-dimensional space data model;
wherein, dividing tile services into wmts and wms formats according to purposes;
in the map service address, a 2.5-dimensional spatial data tile service is loaded according to a spatial data tile caching mechanism.
2. The GIS-based 2.5-dimensional space data visualization method according to claim 1, wherein when loading the 2.5-dimensional space data tile services, the corresponding tile services are respectively issued and loaded for all three-dimensional space data models and displayed in a superimposed manner according to the order, so that the overall effect of the 2.5-dimensional electronic map is generated.
3. The GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method of claim 1, wherein the generated three-dimensional spatial data model is a three-dimensional orthographic or oblique photography model according to spatial data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle and a scale, precision and spatial data coordinate system.
4. The GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method of claim 1, wherein the preset spatial data tile caching mechanism comprises, for a three-dimensional spatial data model imported by a GIS analysis tool:
defining a tile plane angle and a overlooking angle of the three-dimensional data model;
defining a map service as an image map service;
the slicing mode is selected as 'new';
proportion type selection;
setting tile display scale series;
setting pixels per inch according to the running speed;
selecting a slice size;
selecting a cache trimming format;
a storage format is selected.
5. The GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method of claim 1, wherein in the GIS analysis tool, the fixed-angle 2.5-dimensional spatial data tiles are generated according to a preset spatial data tile cache.
6. The GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method of claim 1, wherein in the map service address, based on a GIS tool on a cloud server, html files are generated by using an OPENLAYER, and then 2.5-dimensional spatial data tile services are loaded according to a spatial data tile caching mechanism.
7. A GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization device, comprising:
the space coordinate system module is used for predefining projection according to the geographic position and map specification of the 2.5-dimensional space data to be built and unifying the space data coordinate systems;
the acquisition module is used for acquiring the space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle;
the data model generation module is used for generating a three-dimensional space data model according to the space data acquired by the unmanned aerial vehicle, the scale, the precision and the space data coordinate system;
the importing module is used for uniformly importing a three-dimensional space data model which needs to be 2.5 dimensions through a GIS analysis tool;
the tile caching mechanism presetting module is used for presetting a spatial data tile caching mechanism aiming at a three-dimensional spatial data model imported by the GIS analysis tool;
the space data tile generation module is used for generating 2.5-dimensional space data tiles according to the preset space data tile cache in the GIS analysis tool;
the service address generation module is used for generating engineering files by using a GIS analysis tool, reading a space data tile caching mechanism and generating a map service address;
when generating the map service address, the method comprises the following operations:
selecting an address for placing a tile server;
setting a server type;
setting a tile name;
setting the anti-aliasing function of the tile;
setting the maximum record number returned by the server;
setting pooling parameters according to the precision of the three-dimensional space data model;
wherein, dividing tile services into wmts and wms formats according to purposes;
and the tile service loading module loads the 2.5-dimensional space data tile service according to the space data tile caching mechanism in the map service address.
8. A storage medium storing a program, wherein the program, when executed by a processor, implements the GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. A computing device comprising a processor and a memory for storing a processor executable program, wherein the processor, when executing the program stored in the memory, implements the GIS-based 2.5-dimensional spatial data visualization method of any one of claims 1-6.
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