CN112415539B - Satellite-borne atmospheric laser radar PMT detection device - Google Patents
Satellite-borne atmospheric laser radar PMT detection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112415539B CN112415539B CN202011486416.0A CN202011486416A CN112415539B CN 112415539 B CN112415539 B CN 112415539B CN 202011486416 A CN202011486416 A CN 202011486416A CN 112415539 B CN112415539 B CN 112415539B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
- G01S7/4861—Circuits for detection, sampling, integration or read-out
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/491—Details of non-pulse systems
- G01S7/4912—Receivers
- G01S7/4913—Circuits for detection, sampling, integration or read-out
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The invention provides a satellite-borne atmospheric laser radar PMT detection device, which comprises a PMT detection module, an amplifying and conditioning module and a filter module which are electrically connected in sequence, wherein a direct current bias adjustment module is electrically connected with the amplifying and conditioning module, a high-voltage module is electrically connected with the PMT detection module, a temperature acquisition module and a low-voltage power module are arranged, a gain link adopts a gain link structure of a transimpedance amplifier, a high-low gain channel synergy and a multistage amplifier cascade, and a method for simulating and removing direct current bias of a detection channel is adopted to improve detection sensitivity and dynamic range; and each stage of resistor of the PMT voltage dividing circuit is respectively connected with a capacitor in parallel, and particularly, the capacitance value of the last three stages of capacitors is designed in a conical increasing manner, so that the linearity of the output signal of the PMT detector is ensured. The invention has higher environmental adaptability, can be used for corresponding system backup in actual use, is suitable for satellite-borne, airborne and general ground atmosphere laser radars, and can be also suitable for other laser radar systems and weak light signal detection occasions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measurement and test, in particular to a satellite-borne atmospheric laser radar PMT detection device.
Background
The laser radar is a novel active remote sensing instrument, and is rapidly applied to the fields of active distance measurement, wind field measurement, atmosphere remote sensing and the like as soon as the laser radar (Light Detection And Ranging-LIDAR) appears in the last sixties of century.
The detection targets of the atmospheric detection laser radar are molecules, aerosol, cloud layers and the like in the atmosphere, so that not only the weak echo of high-altitude atmospheric rarefied molecules needs to be processed, but also the strong echo of the cloud layers and the low-altitude aerosol echo below the cloud layers need to be processed, and the echo energy of the detection targets is 6 orders of magnitude different according to the characteristics of the detection targets and the existing height distribution of the detection targets. In the laser radar development process, a large-dynamic and high-sensitivity weak signal detection and processing technology becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently.
To realize the detection of weak signals with large dynamic and high sensitivity, a high-performance photoelectric detector is a necessary condition, and currently, the mature detector capable of realizing photon magnitude mainly comprises an Avalanche Photodiode (APD) and a photomultiplier tube (PMT). The APD has the characteristics of small volume, light weight, low working voltage, high response speed, large dynamic range and strong anti-interference capability, but the internal gain is not high enough, and the dark current is large, so that the capability of detecting weak signals is limited. In contrast, PMT is slightly larger in size, but has a much higher gain than APD, and its dark current is relatively small, and the detection sensitivity is extremely high, so that it is possible to detect weak signals of photon magnitude. Therefore, the PMT has certain advantages in the field of atmospheric laser detection compared with the APD, and the development requirement of the atmospheric laser radar PMT detection device is more urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a satellite-borne atmospheric laser radar PMT detection device, which aims to solve the detection problems of high sensitivity, large dynamic and high linearity of a satellite-borne atmospheric laser radar received optical signal, wherein a gain link adopts a gain chain structure of a transimpedance amplifier, a high-low gain channel collaboration and a multistage amplifier cascade, and simultaneously adopts a method of removing DC offset of a detection channel in a simulation way to improve detection sensitivity and dynamic range; the PMT voltage dividing circuit has the advantages that each stage of resistor is respectively connected with the capacitor in parallel, particularly the capacitance value of the rear three stages of capacitors is designed in a conical increasing manner, so that the linearity of the output signal of the PMT detector is guaranteed.
The invention provides a satellite-borne atmospheric laser radar PMT detection device which comprises a PMT detection module, an amplification conditioning module and a filter module which are electrically connected in sequence, a direct current bias adjustment module electrically connected with the amplification conditioning module and a high-voltage module electrically connected with the PMT detection module;
the PMT detection module is used for detecting and receiving an optical signal, the PMT detection module is used for carrying out photoelectric conversion on the optical signal to form a current signal, the PMT detection module is used for outputting the current signal to the amplification conditioning module, the amplification conditioning module is used for receiving the current signal, the amplification conditioning module is used for carrying out voltage conversion amplification on the current signal and removing direct current bias to form a high-gain voltage signal and a low-gain voltage signal, the amplification conditioning module is used for outputting the high-gain voltage signal and the low-gain voltage signal to the filter module, the filter module is used for receiving the high-gain voltage signal, carrying out-of-band noise suppression on the high-gain voltage signal, then outputting a low-gain analog signal to the outside, the direct current bias conditioning module is used for generating a direct current bias conditioning analog signal which counteracts the same amplitude and phase of direct current bias due to background light, and the direct current bias conditioning module is used for outputting the direct current bias conditioning analog signal to the amplification conditioning module, and the high-voltage module is used for providing adjustable bias high voltage for the PMT detection module and outputting a high-voltage telemetry signal to the outside;
the amplifying and conditioning module comprises a transimpedance amplifier electrically connected with the PMT detection module, a first-stage high-gain amplifier and a first-stage low-gain amplifier which are respectively cascaded with the transimpedance amplifier, a second-stage high-gain amplifier electrically connected with the first-stage high-gain amplifier, and a second-stage low-gain amplifier electrically connected with the first-stage low-gain amplifier, wherein the second-stage high-gain amplifier and the second-stage low-gain amplifier are electrically connected with the direct-current bias adjusting module;
the transimpedance amplifier is used for receiving a current signal, performing voltage conversion and voltage preliminary amplification, the first-stage high-gain amplifier is used for performing high-gain further amplification, the first-stage low-gain amplifier is used for performing low-gain further amplification, and the second-stage high-gain amplifier and the second-stage low-gain amplifier are used for removing direct-current bias according to an analog signal provided by the direct-current bias adjusting module and outputting a high-gain voltage signal and a low-gain voltage signal respectively.
According to the satellite-borne atmospheric laser radar PMT detection device, as an optimal mode, the filter module comprises a first filter for receiving a high-gain voltage signal to perform out-of-band noise suppression and then outputting a high-gain analog signal to the outside, and a second filter for receiving a low-gain voltage signal to perform out-of-band noise suppression and then outputting a low-gain analog signal to the outside, wherein the first filter is electrically connected with a second-stage high-gain amplifier, and the second filter is electrically connected with the second-stage low-gain amplifier;
the direct current bias adjusting module comprises a first digital-to-analog converter and a first amplifier which are electrically connected, a second digital-to-analog converter and a second amplifier which are electrically connected, wherein the first amplifier is electrically connected with a second-stage high-gain amplifier, and the second amplifier is electrically connected with a second-stage low-gain amplifier.
According to the PMT detection device for the satellite-borne atmospheric laser radar, as an optimal mode, a transimpedance amplifier provides basic gain of 50V/A, the amplification factor of a first-stage high-gain amplifier is 40 times, the amplification factor of a first-stage low-gain amplifier is 4 times, and a second-stage high-gain amplifier and a second-stage low-gain amplifier are subtracting amplifiers;
the first filter and the second filter both use passive low-pass Bessel filters, the order of the filters is 5 orders, and the cut-off frequency is 3+/-0.5 MHz;
the first digital-analog converter and the second digital-analog converter comprise 12bit digital-analog converters with SPI interfaces, and the first amplifier and the second amplifier are rail-to-rail amplifiers with output signals ranging from-2V to +2V.
According to the satellite-borne atmospheric laser radar PMT detection device, as an optimal mode, the PMT detection module comprises a PMT detector electrically connected with the transimpedance amplifier and a voltage division circuit electrically connected with the PMT detector, the voltage division circuit is electrically connected with the high-voltage module, and the PMT detector is a photomultiplier.
According to the satellite-borne atmospheric laser radar PMT detection device, as an optimal mode, the voltage dividing circuit comprises a multi-stage voltage dividing circuit corresponding to a multiplication stage of a PMT detector, each stage of voltage dividing circuit comprises voltage dividing resistors, each voltage dividing resistor is respectively connected with a capacitor in parallel, and the capacitance value of the capacitor arranged at the rear part is in conical increment.
According to the satellite-borne atmospheric laser radar PMT detection device, as a preferable mode, the PMT detector is a photomultiplier with 10 stages of multiplier stages and response wavelength range of 230-870nm, the voltage dividing circuit is 10 stages, each stage of voltage dividing resistor is 330K, the capacitance of the first seven stages is 0.1uF/500V, and the capacitance of the latter three stages is in conical increment.
According to the PMT detection device for the satellite-borne atmospheric laser radar, as an optimal mode, the high-voltage module comprises a third digital-to-analog converter, a high-voltage power supply, a multistage resistor voltage divider and an amplifier, wherein the third digital-to-analog converter is used for receiving an external SPI command and outputting a high-voltage analog signal, the high-voltage power supply is electrically connected with the third digital-to-analog converter and used for receiving the high-voltage analog signal and outputting a linear high-voltage to the PMT detection module, the multistage resistor voltage divider is electrically connected with the high-voltage power supply, and the amplifier is electrically connected with the multistage resistor voltage divider and used for outputting a high-voltage telemetry signal, and the high-voltage power supply is electrically connected with the PMT detection module.
According to the satellite-borne atmospheric laser radar PMT detection device, as an optimal mode, the high-voltage analog signal is 0-2.4V, the linear high voltage is 0-1200V, the multi-stage resistance voltage division is 12-stage power resistance voltage division, and the high-voltage telemetry signal is 0-4.096V.
The invention relates to a satellite-borne atmospheric laser radar PMT detection device, which is used as an optimal mode and also comprises a temperature acquisition module and a low-voltage power supply module, wherein the temperature acquisition module is connected with a PMT detector and is used for converting temperature change of the PMT detector into temperature telemetry signals to be output, and the low-voltage power supply module is used for power supply conversion;
the temperature acquisition module comprises a temperature sensor connected with the PMT detector and a temperature conditioning circuit which is electrically connected with the temperature sensor and comprises a digital-analog converter;
the low-voltage power supply module comprises a power supply input device, a power supply protection device and a voltage conversion device which are electrically connected in sequence.
According to the satellite-borne atmospheric laser radar PMT detection device, as a preferable mode, the temperature measurement precision of a temperature sensor is +/-0.1 ℃, and the temperature telemetry signal is 0-5V;
when the temperature sensor detects that the working temperature of the PMT detector exceeds 50 ℃, the temperature conditioning circuit outputs a temperature telemetry signal to the outside, and the high-voltage module cuts off the power supply of the high-voltage module according to an external SPI command.
The amplifying and conditioning module adopts a gain chain structure of a transimpedance amplifier, a high-low gain channel and a multistage amplifier in cascade connection, and the transimpedance amplifier provides basic gain and is used for high-gain current-voltage conversion amplification of a photoelectric converted current signal; the second-stage amplifier is a subtraction amplifier and is used for removing direct current bias caused by background light, so that the dynamic range of detection is improved; the filter module is used for suppressing out-of-band noise and does not generate nonlinear influence on signals; the direct current bias adjusting module generates analog signals with the same amplitude and phase according to the direct current component of the current detection signal, and sends the analog signals to the amplifying and conditioning module; the high-voltage module is used for providing adjustable bias high voltage for the PMT detector; the temperature acquisition module is used for converting the temperature change of the PMT detector into corresponding electric signals in real time and precisely and outputting the electric signals; the low-voltage power supply module is used for power supply conversion and provides various low-voltage power supplies for the PMT detection device.
The PMT detector is a photomultiplier, the capacitance of the first seven stages of capacitors is 0.1uF/500V, and the capacitance of the last three stages of capacitors is designed in a conical increasing manner, so that the linearity of the output signals of the PMT detector is ensured.
The amplifying and conditioning module provides basic gain of 50V/A for the transimpedance amplifier to realize conversion and amplification from current to voltage; the rear two-stage amplifier realizes voltage amplification, the amplification factor of a high-gain channel is 40 times, and the amplification factor of a low-gain channel is 4 times; the second-stage amplifier is a subtraction amplifier and is used for removing direct current bias caused by background light and improving the dynamic range of detection;
the filter module adopts a passive low-pass Bessel filter, the filter order is 5, and the cut-off frequency is 3 MHz +/-0.5 MHz.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) The gain link of the PMT detection device adopts a gain link structure of a transimpedance amplifier, a high-low gain channel synergy and a multistage amplifier cascade connection, and simultaneously adopts a method for removing DC offset of a detection channel in an analog way to improve the detection sensitivity and the dynamic range;
(2) The PMT voltage dividing circuit of the PMT detection device is respectively connected with the capacitors in parallel, and particularly, the capacitance value of the rear three-stage capacitor is designed in a conical increasing manner, so that the linearity of the output signal of the PMT detector is ensured;
(3) The PMT detection device has higher environmental adaptability, and can be used for corresponding system backup in actual use so as to meet the requirements of radiation, heat, electromagnetic compatibility and the like in a satellite-borne environment;
(4) The PMT detection device is suitable for satellite-borne, airborne and general ground atmosphere laser radars, and can be also suitable for other laser radar systems and weak light signal detection occasions.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the constitution of an embodiment 1 of a PMT detection device of a satellite-borne atmospheric lidar;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the constitution of embodiment 2 of a PMT detection device of a satellite-borne atmospheric lidar.
Reference numerals:
1. a PMT detection module; 11. PMT detectors; 12. A voltage dividing circuit; 2. An amplifying and conditioning module; 21. A transimpedance amplifier; 22. A first stage high gain amplifier; 23. A first stage low gain amplifier; 24. A second-stage high gain amplifier; 25. A second stage low gain amplifier; 3. A filter module; 31. A first filter; 32. A second filter; 4. A DC bias adjustment module; 41. A first digital-to-analog converter; 42. A first amplifier; 43. A second digital-to-analog converter; 44. A second amplifier; 5. a high voltage module; 51. A third digital-to-analog converter; 52. A high voltage power supply; 53. Dividing voltage by a multi-stage resistor; 54. An amplifier; 6. A temperature acquisition module; 61. A temperature sensor; 62. A temperature conditioning circuit; 7. A low voltage power supply module; 71. A power input device; 72. A power supply protection device; 73. A voltage conversion device.
Description of the embodiments
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the PMT detection device of the satellite-borne atmospheric lidar comprises a PMT detection module 1, an amplification conditioning module 2 and a filter module 3 which are electrically connected in sequence, a direct current bias adjustment module 4 electrically connected with the amplification conditioning module 2 and a high-voltage module 5 electrically connected with the PMT detection module 1;
the PMT detection module 1 is used for detecting and receiving optical signals, the PMT detection module 1 is used for carrying out photoelectric conversion on the optical signals to form current signals, the PMT detection module 1 is used for outputting the current signals to the amplification conditioning module 2, the amplification conditioning module 2 is used for receiving the current signals, the amplification conditioning module 2 is used for carrying out voltage conversion amplification on the current signals and removing direct current bias to form high-gain voltage signals and low-gain voltage signals, the amplification conditioning module 2 is used for outputting the high-gain voltage signals and the low-gain voltage signals to the filter module 3, the filter module 3 is used for receiving the high-gain voltage signals to carry out-of-band noise suppression and then outputting high-gain analog signals to the outside, the filter module 3 is used for receiving the low-gain voltage signal to carry out-of-band noise suppression and then outputting a low-gain analog signal to the outside, the direct-current bias adjustment module 4 is used for generating a direct-current bias adjustment analog signal which counteracts the same amplitude and phase of direct-current bias caused by background light according to the direct-current component of the current detection signal, the direct-current bias adjustment module 4 is used for outputting the direct-current bias adjustment analog signal to the amplifying and conditioning module 2, and the high-voltage module 5 is used for providing adjustable bias high voltage for the PMT detection module 1 and outputting a high-voltage telemetry signal to the outside;
the amplification conditioning module 2 comprises a transimpedance amplifier 21 electrically connected with the PMT detection module 1, a first-stage high-gain amplifier 22 and a first-stage low-gain amplifier 23 which are respectively cascaded with the transimpedance amplifier 21, a second-stage high-gain amplifier 24 electrically connected with the first-stage high-gain amplifier 22, and a second-stage low-gain amplifier 25 electrically connected with the first-stage low-gain amplifier 23, wherein the second-stage high-gain amplifier 24 and the second-stage low-gain amplifier 25 are electrically connected with the direct-current bias adjusting module 4;
the transimpedance amplifier 21 is used for receiving a current signal and performing voltage conversion and voltage preliminary amplification, the first-stage high-gain amplifier 22 is used for performing high-gain further amplification, the first-stage low-gain amplifier 23 is used for performing low-gain further amplification, and the second-stage high-gain amplifier 24 and the second-stage low-gain amplifier 25 are used for removing direct-current bias according to an analog signal provided by the direct-current bias adjustment module 4 and outputting a high-gain voltage signal and a low-gain voltage signal respectively.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the PMT detection device of the satellite-borne atmospheric lidar comprises a PMT detection module 1, an amplification conditioning module 2 and a filter module 3 which are electrically connected in sequence, a direct current bias adjustment module 4 electrically connected with the amplification conditioning module 2, and a high-voltage module 5 electrically connected with the PMT detection module 1;
the PMT detection module 1 is used for detecting and receiving optical signals, the PMT detection module 1 is used for carrying out photoelectric conversion on the optical signals to form current signals, the PMT detection module 1 is used for outputting the current signals to the amplification conditioning module 2, the amplification conditioning module 2 is used for receiving the current signals, the amplification conditioning module 2 is used for carrying out voltage conversion amplification on the current signals and removing direct current bias to form high-gain voltage signals and low-gain voltage signals, the amplification conditioning module 2 is used for outputting the high-gain voltage signals and the low-gain voltage signals to the filter module 3, the filter module 3 is used for receiving the high-gain voltage signals to carry out-of-band noise suppression and then outputting high-gain analog signals to the outside, the filter module 3 is used for receiving the low-gain voltage signal to carry out-of-band noise suppression and then outputting a low-gain analog signal to the outside, the direct-current bias adjustment module 4 is used for generating a direct-current bias adjustment analog signal which counteracts the same amplitude and phase of direct-current bias caused by background light according to the direct-current component of the current detection signal, the direct-current bias adjustment module 4 is used for outputting the direct-current bias adjustment analog signal to the amplifying and conditioning module 2, and the high-voltage module 5 is used for providing adjustable bias high voltage for the PMT detection module 1 and outputting a high-voltage telemetry signal to the outside;
the PMT detection module 1 comprises a PMT detector 11 electrically connected with a transimpedance amplifier 21 and a voltage division circuit 12 electrically connected with the PMT detector 11, wherein the voltage division circuit 12 is electrically connected with the high-voltage module 5, and the PMT detector 11 is a photomultiplier;
the voltage dividing circuit 12 comprises a multi-stage voltage dividing circuit corresponding to the multiplication stage of the PMT detector 11, each stage of voltage dividing circuit comprises voltage dividing resistors, each voltage dividing resistor is respectively connected with a capacitor in parallel, and the capacitance value of the capacitor arranged at the rear part is gradually increased in a conical manner;
the PMT detector 11 is a multiplier stage 10, a photomultiplier with a response wavelength range of 230-870nm, a voltage dividing circuit is 10 stages, each stage of voltage dividing resistor is 330K, the capacitance of the first seven stages is 0.1uF/500V, and the capacitance of the latter three stages is in conical increment;
the amplification conditioning module 2 comprises a transimpedance amplifier 21 electrically connected with the PMT detection module 1, a first-stage high-gain amplifier 22 and a first-stage low-gain amplifier 23 which are respectively cascaded with the transimpedance amplifier 21, a second-stage high-gain amplifier 24 electrically connected with the first-stage high-gain amplifier 22, and a second-stage low-gain amplifier 25 electrically connected with the first-stage low-gain amplifier 23, wherein the second-stage high-gain amplifier 24 and the second-stage low-gain amplifier 25 are electrically connected with the direct-current bias adjusting module 4;
the transimpedance amplifier 21 is used for receiving a current signal, performing voltage conversion and voltage preliminary amplification, the first-stage high-gain amplifier 22 is used for performing high-gain further amplification, the first-stage low-gain amplifier 23 is used for performing low-gain further amplification, and the second-stage high-gain amplifier 24 and the second-stage low-gain amplifier 25 are used for removing direct-current bias according to an analog signal provided by the direct-current bias adjustment module 4 and outputting a high-gain voltage signal and a low-gain voltage signal respectively;
the transimpedance amplifier 21 provides a basic gain of 50V/A, the first-stage high-gain amplifier 22 has a magnification of 40 times, the first-stage low-gain amplifier 23 has a magnification of 4 times, and the second-stage high-gain amplifier 24 and the second-stage low-gain amplifier 25 are subtraction amplifiers;
the filter module 3 includes a first filter 31 for receiving the high-gain voltage signal for out-of-band noise suppression and outputting the high-gain analog signal to the outside, and a second filter 32 for receiving the low-gain voltage signal for out-of-band noise suppression and outputting the low-gain analog signal to the outside, the first filter 31 being electrically connected to the second-stage high-gain amplifier 24, the second filter 32 being electrically connected to the second-stage low-gain amplifier 25;
the first filter 31 and the second filter 32 each use a passive low-pass bessel filter with a filter order of 5 th order and a cut-off frequency of 3±0.5MHz;
the direct current bias adjustment module 4 comprises a first digital-to-analog converter 41, a first amplifier 42, a second digital-to-analog converter 43 and a second amplifier 44 which are electrically connected, wherein the first amplifier 42 is electrically connected with the second-stage high-gain amplifier 24, and the second amplifier 44 is electrically connected with the second-stage low-gain amplifier 25;
the high voltage module 5 includes a third digital-to-analog converter 51 for receiving an external SPI command and outputting a high voltage analog signal, a high voltage power supply 52 electrically connected to the third digital-to-analog converter 51 for receiving the high voltage analog signal and outputting a linear high voltage to the PMT detection module 1, a multi-stage resistive voltage division 53 electrically connected to the high voltage power supply 52, and an amplifier 54 electrically connected to the multi-stage resistive voltage division 53 for outputting a high voltage telemetry signal, the high voltage power supply 52 being electrically connected to the PMT detection module 1;
the high-voltage analog signal is 0-2.4V, the linear high voltage is 0-1200V, the multi-stage resistor voltage division 53 is 12-stage power resistor voltage division, and the high-voltage telemetry signal is 0-4.096V;
the first digital-analog converter 41 and the second digital-analog converter 43 comprise 12bit digital-analog converters with SPI interfaces, and the first amplifier 42 and the second amplifier 44 are rail-to-rail amplifiers with output signals ranging from-2V to +2V;
the temperature acquisition module 6 is connected with the PMT detector 11 and used for converting temperature change of the PMT detector 11 into temperature telemetry signals and outputting the temperature telemetry signals, and the low-voltage power supply module 7 is used for power supply conversion and provides low-voltage power supply;
the temperature acquisition module 6 comprises a temperature sensor 61 connected with the PMT detector 11 and a temperature conditioning circuit 62 comprising a digital-to-analog converter electrically connected with the temperature sensor 61;
the low-voltage power supply module 7 includes a power supply input device 71, a power supply protection device 72, and a voltage conversion device 73 electrically connected in this order;
the temperature measurement precision of the temperature sensor 61 is +/-0.1 ℃, and the temperature telemetry signal is 0-5V;
when the temperature sensor 61 detects that the working temperature of the PMT detector 11 exceeds 50 ℃, the temperature conditioning circuit 62 outputs a temperature telemetry signal to the outside, and the high-voltage module 5 cuts off the power supply of the high-voltage module 5 according to an external SPI command.
The PMT detection module 1 is used for photoelectrically converting a received optical signal and sending the converted current signal to the amplifying and conditioning module 2; the amplifying and conditioning module 2 adopts a gain chain structure of a transimpedance amplifier, which is cooperated with a high-low gain channel and is cascaded with a multistage amplifier, and the transimpedance amplifier provides basic gain and is used for high-gain current-voltage conversion amplification of a photoelectric converted current signal; the second-stage amplifier is a subtraction amplifier and is used for removing direct current bias caused by background light, so that the dynamic range of detection is improved; the filter module 3 is used for suppressing out-of-band noise, and does not generate nonlinear influence on signals; the direct current bias adjusting module 4 generates analog signals with the same amplitude and phase according to the direct current component of the current detection signal, and sends the analog signals to the amplifying and conditioning module; the high voltage module 5 is used for providing adjustable bias high voltage for the PMT detector; the temperature acquisition module 6 is used for converting the temperature change of the PMT detector into corresponding electric signals in real time and precisely and outputting the electric signals; the low voltage power supply module 7 is used for power conversion and provides various low voltage power supplies required by the PMT detection device.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 2, a PMT detection device for a satellite-borne atmospheric lidar includes: PMT detection module 1, amplify conditioning module 2, filter module 3, direct current offset adjustment module 4, high voltage module 5, temperature acquisition module 6, and low voltage power supply module 7. The PMT detection module 1 is used for photoelectrically converting a received optical signal and sending the converted current signal to the amplifying and conditioning module; the amplifying and conditioning module 2 adopts a gain chain structure of a transimpedance amplifier, which is cooperated with a high-low gain channel and is cascaded with a multistage amplifier, and the transimpedance amplifier provides basic gain and is used for high-gain current-voltage conversion amplification of a photoelectric converted current signal; the second-stage amplifier is a subtraction amplifier and is used for removing direct current bias caused by background light, so that the dynamic range of detection is improved; the filter module 3 is used for suppressing out-of-band noise, and does not generate nonlinear influence on signals; the direct current bias adjusting module 4 generates analog signals with the same amplitude and phase according to the direct current component of the current detection signal, and sends the analog signals to the amplifying and conditioning module; the high voltage module 5 is used for providing adjustable bias high voltage for the PMT detector; the temperature acquisition module 6 is used for converting the temperature change of the PMT detector into corresponding electric signals in real time and precisely and outputting the electric signals; the low voltage power supply module 7 is used for power conversion and provides various low voltage power supplies required by the PMT detection device.
The PMT detection module 1 in this embodiment is composed of a PMT detector 11 and a voltage dividing circuit 12. The PMT detector 11 is selected from R9880U-01 of HAMAMATISU corporation of Japan, the photomultiplier is 10, and the response wavelength range is 230 nm-870nm; the voltage divider circuit 12 is defined by the PMT detector 11 selected as 10 stages, which are powered at-1000V, 330K for each stage, and about 100V for each stage. To improve linearity of the output signal of PMT detector 11, capacitors are required in parallel with each resistor. Wherein, the capacitance of the first seven stages is 0.1uF/500V, and the capacitance of the last three stages is designed in a conical increasing way.
In the amplifying and conditioning module 2 in the embodiment, the transimpedance amplifier 21 selects AD829SQ of AD company to provide basic gain of 50V/A, so as to realize conversion amplification from current to voltage; the rear two-stage amplifier adopts AD811SQ of AD company to realize voltage amplification, the high-gain channel is 40 times amplified, the low-gain channel is 4 times amplified, the gain of the high-gain channel of the whole gain link is 2000V/A, and the gain of the low-gain channel is 200V/A; the second-stage amplifier is a subtracting amplifier and is used for removing direct current bias of echo signals and improving the dynamic range of detection.
The filter module 3 in this embodiment adopts a passive low-pass bessel filter, the filter order is 5 orders, and the cut-off frequency is 3 MHz ± 0.5MHz.
The dc offset adjusting module 4 in this embodiment uses 12bitDAC TLV5638MJGB of TI company and the amplifier AD8041SQ of AD company to output analog signals of-2V to +2v, and the signals are input to the reverse end of the second stage amplifier of the amplifying and conditioning module 2, and subtracted from the signal at the forward end to remove the dc offset of the echo signal.
The high voltage module 5 in this embodiment is composed of a high voltage remote control circuit and a high voltage telemetry circuit. Selecting 12bitDAC TLV5638MJGB of TI company to receive external SPI remote control instruction, so that the external SPI remote control instruction outputs 0V-2.4V analog signals to control the high-voltage power supply 52 MNSX1100S to linearly output 0V to-1200V; the output high voltage outputs a high-voltage telemetry signal of 0-4.096V after being subjected to 12 power resistor voltage division of 100K and conditioning by an amplifier AD8041 SQ;
in the temperature acquisition module 6 in this embodiment, a high-precision temperature sensor AD590MH is adopted, the temperature measurement precision is ±0.1 ℃, the temperature change rate is 1uA/K, and the current signal output by the AD590MH is conditioned and output into a temperature voltage signal of 0v to 5v by selecting an amplifier OP200AZ with a very small temperature drift coefficient, so that the working temperature of the current PMT detector 11 can be observed in real time, and when the temperature exceeds 50 ℃, the high-voltage power supply is cut off, so as to protect the PMT detector 11 from failure caused by overhigh temperature.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, should make equivalent substitutions or modifications according to the technical scheme of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, and should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A satellite-borne atmospheric laser radar PMT detection device is characterized in that: the high-voltage power amplifier comprises a PMT detection module (1), an amplifying and conditioning module (2) and a filter module (3) which are electrically connected in sequence, a direct-current bias adjustment module (4) which is electrically connected with the amplifying and conditioning module (2) and a high-voltage module (5) which is electrically connected with the PMT detection module (1);
the PMT detection module (1) is used for detecting a received light signal, the PMT detection module (1) is used for carrying out photoelectric conversion on the light signal to form a current signal, the PMT detection module (1) is used for outputting the current signal to the amplification conditioning module (2), the amplification conditioning module (2) is used for receiving the current signal, the amplification conditioning module (2) is used for carrying out voltage conversion amplification on the current signal and removing direct current bias to form a high gain voltage signal and a low gain voltage signal, the amplification conditioning module (2) is used for outputting the high gain voltage signal and the low gain voltage signal to the filter module (3), the filter module (3) is used for receiving the high-gain voltage signal to perform out-of-band noise suppression and then outputting a high-gain analog signal to the outside, the filter module (3) is used for receiving the low-gain voltage signal to perform out-of-band noise suppression and then outputting a low-gain analog signal to the outside, the direct-current bias adjustment module (4) is used for generating a direct-current bias adjustment analog signal with the same amplitude and phase for counteracting direct-current bias caused by background light according to the direct-current component of the current detection signal, the direct-current bias adjustment module (4) is used for outputting the direct-current bias adjustment analog signal to the amplifying and conditioning module (2), and the high-voltage module (5) is used for providing adjustable bias high voltage for the PMT detection module (1) and outputting a high-voltage telemetry signal to the outside;
the PMT detection module (1) comprises a PMT detector (11) electrically connected with a transimpedance amplifier (21) and a voltage division circuit (12) electrically connected with the PMT detector (11), the voltage division circuit (12) is electrically connected with the high-voltage module (5), and the PMT detector (11) is a photomultiplier;
the voltage dividing circuit (12) comprises a multi-stage voltage dividing circuit corresponding to the multiplication stage of the PMT detector (11), each stage of voltage dividing circuit comprises a voltage dividing resistor, each voltage dividing resistor is respectively connected with a capacitor in parallel, and the capacitance value of the capacitor arranged at the rear part is in conical increment;
the amplification conditioning module (2) comprises a transimpedance amplifier (21) electrically connected with the PMT detection module (1), a first-stage high-gain amplifier (22) and a first-stage low-gain amplifier (23) which are respectively cascaded with the transimpedance amplifier (21), a second-stage high-gain amplifier (24) electrically connected with the first-stage high-gain amplifier (22) and a second-stage low-gain amplifier (25) electrically connected with the first-stage low-gain amplifier (23), wherein the second-stage high-gain amplifier (24) and the second-stage low-gain amplifier (25) are electrically connected with the direct-current bias adjustment module (4);
the transimpedance amplifier (21) is used for receiving the current signal and performing voltage conversion and voltage preliminary amplification, the first-stage high-gain amplifier (22) is used for performing high-gain further amplification, the first-stage low-gain amplifier (23) is used for performing low-gain further amplification, and the second-stage high-gain amplifier (24) and the second-stage low-gain amplifier (25) are used for removing direct-current bias according to the analog signal provided by the direct-current bias adjustment module (4) and outputting the high-gain voltage signal and the low-gain voltage signal respectively;
the filter module (3) comprises a first filter (31) for receiving the high-gain voltage signal for out-of-band noise suppression and outputting a high-gain analog signal to the outside, and a second filter (32) for receiving the low-gain voltage signal for out-of-band noise suppression and outputting a low-gain analog signal to the outside, wherein the first filter (31) is electrically connected with the second-stage high-gain amplifier (24), and the second filter (32) is electrically connected with the second-stage low-gain amplifier (25);
the direct current bias adjustment module (4) comprises a first digital-to-analog converter (41) and a first amplifier (42) which are electrically connected, a second digital-to-analog converter (43) and a second amplifier (44) which are electrically connected, the first amplifier (42) is electrically connected with the second-stage high-gain amplifier (24), the second amplifier (44) is electrically connected with the second-stage low-gain amplifier (25), the first digital-to-analog converter (41) and the second digital-to-analog converter (43) comprise SPI interfaces, and the second-stage high-gain amplifier (24) and the second-stage low-gain amplifier (25) are subtraction amplifiers;
the first digital-analog converter (41) and the second digital-analog converter (43) respectively receive direct current components of current detection signals and output the direct current components to the first amplifier (42) and the second amplifier (44) after digital-analog conversion, the first amplifier (42) and the second amplifier (44) amplify signals and output analog signals to the second-stage high-gain amplifier (24) and the reverse end of the second-stage low-gain amplifier (25) respectively so as to perform subtraction operation with a forward end signal to offset direct current bias caused by background light, the amplitude and the phase of the analog signals output by the first amplifier (42) and the second amplifier (44) are the same, and the analog signals are dynamic signals.
2. The airborne atmospheric lidar PMT detection device of claim 1, wherein:
the transimpedance amplifier (21) provides a basic gain of 50V/A, the first-stage high-gain amplifier (22) has a magnification factor of 40 times, and the first-stage low-gain amplifier (23) has a magnification factor of 4 times;
the first filter (31) and the second filter (32) both use passive low-pass Bessel filters, the filter order is 5, and the cut-off frequency is 3+/-0.5 MHz;
the first digital-to-analog converter (41) and the second digital-to-analog converter (43) are 12-bit digital-to-analog converters, and the first amplifier (42) and the second amplifier (44) are rail-to-rail amplifiers with output signals ranging from-2V to +2V.
3. The airborne atmospheric lidar PMT detection device of claim 1, wherein: the PMT detector (11) is a photomultiplier with 10 stages of multiplier stages and response wavelength range of 230-870nm, the voltage dividing circuit is 10 stages, the voltage dividing resistance of each stage is 330K, the capacitance of the first seven stages is 0.1uF/500V, and the capacitance of the latter three stages is in conical increment.
4. The airborne atmospheric lidar PMT detection device of claim 1, wherein: the high voltage module (5) comprises a third digital-to-analog converter (51) for receiving external SPI commands and outputting high voltage analog signals, a high voltage power supply (52) which is electrically connected with the third digital-to-analog converter (51) and receives the high voltage analog signals and outputs linear high voltage to the PMT detection module (1), a multi-stage resistor voltage divider (53) which is electrically connected with the high voltage power supply (52), and an amplifier (54) which is electrically connected with the multi-stage resistor voltage divider (53) and is used for outputting high voltage telemetry signals, wherein the high voltage power supply (52) is electrically connected with the PMT detection module (1).
5. The satellite-borne atmospheric lidar PMT detection device of claim 4, wherein: the high-voltage analog signal is 0-2.4V, the linear high voltage is 0-1200V, the multi-stage resistor voltage division (53) is 12-stage power resistor voltage division, and the high-voltage telemetry signal is 0-4.096V.
6. The airborne atmospheric lidar PMT detection device of claim 1, wherein: the system also comprises a temperature acquisition module (6) connected with the PMT detector (11) and used for converting temperature change of the PMT detector (11) into a temperature telemetry signal output and a low-voltage power supply module (7) used for power supply conversion and providing low-voltage power supply;
the temperature acquisition module (6) comprises a temperature sensor (61) connected with the PMT detector (11) and a temperature conditioning circuit (62) comprising a digital-to-analog converter and electrically connected with the temperature sensor (61);
the low-voltage power supply module (7) comprises a power supply input device (71), a power supply protection device (72) and a voltage conversion device (73) which are electrically connected in sequence.
7. The airborne atmospheric lidar PMT detection device of claim 6, wherein: the temperature measurement precision of the temperature sensor (61) is +/-0.1 ℃, and the temperature telemetry signal is 0-5V;
when the temperature sensor (61) detects that the working temperature of the PMT detector (11) exceeds 50 ℃, the temperature conditioning circuit (62) outputs the temperature telemetry signal to the outside, and the high-voltage module (5) cuts off the power supply of the high-voltage module (5) according to an external SPI command.
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