CN112414662A

CN112414662A - Impact test device and positioning method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112414662A
Application number: CN202011245313.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张晔; 黄龙辉; 朱正义; 冯瑞; 宫占峰; 余红旭
Original assignee: Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-11-10
Filing date: 2020-11-10
Publication date: 2021-02-26
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-10
Also published as: CN112414662B

Abstract

The invention relates to an impact test device and a positioning method of the device. A slideway extending to the bottom surface along the axial direction of the sleeve is formed in the sleeve. The impactor is configured to slide along the slideway to impact the material member. Each locating foot is disposed at a lower end of the sleeve and is for abutting the material member surface. The positioning length of each positioning support leg extending out of the sleeve can be independently adjusted, so that the impact test device is attached to the material member, and the central axis of the sleeve coincides with the tangent plane normal of the material member. The impact test device is suitable for impact tests of material members with various curved surface shapes.

Description

Impact test device and positioning method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of airplane test devices and test methods, in particular to an impact test device and a positioning method of the impact test device.

Background

Some components of the aircraft may be impacted by foreign objects, and thus various types of impact tests are required. In particular, with the progress of technology, composite material members having characteristics such as light weight and high plasticity are widely used in various aircraft members. However, the composite laminate has a characteristic of being very sensitive to an impact from an external object. The composite material laminated plate is easy to be delaminated and damaged after being impacted by the outside. And foreign object impact is inevitable during the manufacturing, using and maintaining processes of the airplane. Because impact damage has great influence on the bearing capacity, especially the bearing capacity, of the structure, the influence of the impact damage on the structure must be considered during the test and verification of the airplane structure. Therefore, how to accurately introduce the impact damage provides a reliable reference basis for experimental design, and has important engineering and academic significance.

Referring to fig. 1, there is shown a conventional test apparatus for impact test, which includes a holder 1, a guide bar 2, an impactor 3, a punch 4, a seat 7, and the like. The support frame 1 is the overall frame of the test device, and is internally provided with a guide rod 2, a support 7 and the like. The impact 3 can slide up and down along the holder 1 guided by the guide bar 2, and a punch 4 is provided at the lower end. The support 7 is used for supporting and fixing the object 6 to be subjected to the impact test. The traditional impact damage introduction method comprises the following steps: firstly, determining impact energy for introducing impact damage, then converting the height of a punch head according to the mass of an impact object to position, and fixing the impact position of a test piece under the impact object. The impact object falls freely to obtain impact damage.

Under the condition that the surface of an object to be subjected to an impact test is of a curved surface structure, the support is difficult to accurately position the object, and the impact point on the surface of the object is ensured to correspond to the gravity direction of the punch.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above-described situation of the impact test apparatus according to the related art, an object of the present invention is to provide a test apparatus which can be applied to an impact test of a material member having a curved surface shape.

This object is achieved by the invention of an impact testing device of the following form. The impact test device comprises a sleeve, an impact piece and a plurality of positioning support legs. A slideway extending to the bottom surface along the axial direction of the sleeve is formed in the sleeve. The impactor is configured to slide along the slideway to impact the material member. Each locating foot is disposed at a lower end of the sleeve and is for abutting the material member surface. The positioning length of each positioning support leg extending out of the sleeve can be independently adjusted, so that the impact test device is attached to the material member, and the central axis of the sleeve coincides with the tangent plane normal of the material member.

The adjustable positioning legs can ensure that the impact testing device can be placed on material components with various curved surface structures in a fitting manner. The placement mode of the material component can be determined in advance through modeling and the like, so that the impact piece can impact the impact point on the surface of the material component along the gravity direction in the test process of the impact test device positioned on the surface of the material component. Of course, according to the impact device of the above form, on the basis of ensuring that the impact point of the material member is directed upward, the material member may not be confirmed by modeling in advance. In this case, the individual positioning feet can be adjusted, whereby it can still be ensured that the impact testing device is positioned stably on the surface of the impact material component and a subsequent impact test is carried out.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the lower end of the positioning foot has a ball-and-socket joint configuration. The positioning support leg with the universal ball head structure is more beneficial to attaching the impact test device on the surface of a material component.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lower portion of the sleeve is formed with a boss protruding outward in the circumferential direction, the boss is formed with a plurality of through holes for fitting the positioning legs, and at least a part of the plurality of through holes is configured so that the positioning legs can move in the circumferential direction of the sleeve.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the positioning leg comprises a screw, a first nut capable of being fitted to an upper surface of the boss, and a second nut capable of being fitted to a lower surface of the boss, wherein the first nut and the second nut are respectively screw-fitted to the screw.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the outer surface of the sleeve is provided with a marking for indicating the position of the striker.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the impact testing apparatus further comprises a tachometer sensor located at a lower end of the sleeve and adapted to detect a speed of the impact member when it impacts the material member.

In addition, the invention also discloses a positioning method of any one of the impact test devices, which comprises the following steps:

establishing a simulation model of the sleeve, the positioning support leg and the material component by utilizing modeling software;

calculating the positioning length of each positioning support leg by using the simulation model;

in a real scene, marking impact points needing to be subjected to an impact test on a material member;

and adjusting the position and the angle of the sleeve according to the positioning length and the impact point, so that the impact test device is attached to the material member, and the central axis of the sleeve is superposed with the normal line of the tangent plane of the material member.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, calculating the positioning length comprises the steps of:

defining impact point coordinates in modeling software;

determining a tangent plane of the surface of the material member according to the impact point coordinates;

determining a horizontal plane passing through the point of impact from the point of impact coordinates to determine a first axis formed by the intersection of the horizontal plane with the surface of the material member;

determining a normal of the tangent plane according to the impact point coordinate, and determining the preset position of each positioning support leg on the sleeve by taking the normal as the axis of the sleeve;

drawing a vertical plane perpendicular to the first axis and passing through the point of impact according to the first axis, and defining an intersection between the vertical plane and the surface of the material member as a second axis;

rotating the sleeve around the normal line, and respectively adjusting the central axis of each positioning support leg on the sleeve to be in the vertical plane, the plane which is perpendicular to the first axis and passes through the normal line, so as to determine the projection point of the positioning support leg on the surface of the material component;

and determining each corresponding positioning length according to the projection point and the preset position of each positioning support leg.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises the steps of:

determining the central axis of each positioning support leg by using the simulation model and based on the preset position and the corresponding projection point of each positioning support leg;

determining the angle between each positioning leg and the first or second axis on the basis of the centre axis of the positioning leg and the first or second axis passing through the corresponding projection point,

wherein the position and angle of the sleeve is further adjusted based on the included angle.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step of adjusting the position and angle of the sleeve comprises:

searching a horizontal plane passing through the impact point and a first axis by using a level gauge;

searching a second axis by using an angle square;

adjusting each positioning leg according to each of the positioning lengths and adjusting each positioning leg to intersect the first or second axis.

determining a second axis using the square;

adjusting each positioning foot according to each of the positioning lengths and adjusting each positioning foot to intersect the first or second axis;

and adjusting the arrangement angle of each positioning support leg in the through hole in the sleeve according to the included angle.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the positioning feet are provided in at least four and are arranged in pairs above the first and second axes.

On the basis of the common general knowledge in the field, the preferred embodiments can be combined randomly to obtain the preferred examples of the invention.

Other systems, methods, features and advantages of the invention will be or will become apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features and advantages be included within this description and this summary, be within the scope of the invention, and be protected by the accompanying claims.

Drawings

For a better understanding of the above and other objects, features, advantages and functions of the present invention, reference should be made to the preferred embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Like reference numerals in the drawings refer to like parts. It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the drawings are intended to illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention without any limiting effect on the scope of the invention, and that the various components in the drawings are not drawn to scale.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a prior art impact testing apparatus.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of an impact testing apparatus provided on a material member according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the impact testing apparatus.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the impact tester taken in the OO' direction of fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a side view of fig. 1.

Fig. 7 is a flowchart of a positioning method of the impact testing apparatus.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart for calculating the positioning length of the positioning leg and the angle between the positioning leg and the surface of the material component.

Detailed Description

The inventive concept of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. What has been described herein is merely a preferred embodiment in accordance with the present invention and other ways of practicing the invention will occur to those skilled in the art and are within the scope of the invention. In the following detailed description, directional terms, such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "longitudinal", "lateral", and the like, are used with reference to the orientation depicted in the accompanying drawings. Components of embodiments of the present invention can be positioned in a number of different orientations and the directional terminology is used for purposes of illustration and is in no way limiting.

Referring to fig. 2, the impact testing apparatus 100 of the present disclosure is particularly suitable for impact testing of a type of material member 200 (e.g., a composite material member 200) having a curved shape, as shown in fig. 2.

Referring to fig. 2-4, the impact testing apparatus 100 of the present disclosure includes a sleeve 110, an impact member 120, and a plurality of positioning feet 130. The sleeve 110 has a slideway formed therein extending axially along the sleeve to a bottom surface. The slide inside the sleeve 110 may be defined by the sleeve inner surface. The ramps are optionally formed to have a circular cross-section, a polygonal cross-section, a circular cross-section composed of straight and/or curved lines, etc. The sleeve 110 may be made of a transparent material, or at least in an elongated area extending a distance in the axial direction. Markings 116, such as a scale, are affixed to the outer surface of the transparent material section to indicate the position of the impact member 120 within the sleeve 110.

The impactor 120 is configured to slide along the slideway of the sleeve 110 to impact the material member 200. The impact member 120 may be comprised of an upper positioned impactor and a lower positioned punch, as shown in fig. 1. The punch has a smaller cross-sectional area but does not form a sharp object, thereby ensuring that when the impact piece 120 impacts the material member 200, the impulse of the impact piece 120 accurately acts on the impact point B of the material member 200, but does not rapidly break through the material member 200.

Referring to fig. 2, 4-5, each locating leg 130 disposed at the lower end of the sleeve 110 is adapted to abut a surface of the material member 200. The positioning length LL of each positioning leg 130 extending beyond the sleeve 110 can be independently adjusted so that the impact testing apparatus 100 fits to the material member 200 and the central axis L1 of the sleeve 110 coincides with the tangent plane normal L1 of the material member 200 (both are collectively identified herein by "L1" since the central axis of the sleeve and the normal passing through the point of impact coincide). The individual positioning feet 130 are optionally arranged uniformly in the circumferential direction of the boss 112. Preferably, the positioning legs 130 are provided in at least four and are arranged in pairs on diametrically opposite sides of the boss 112.

It should be noted that, in conjunction with fig. 5, the "positioning length" in the present disclosure refers to the length of the positioning leg 130 between the lower end surface of the sleeve 110 and the surface of the material member 200 after the impact testing device 100 is mounted on the material member 200.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, in order to facilitate adjustment of the positioning length LL of each positioning leg 130, a boss 112 protruding outward in the circumferential direction is formed at the lower portion of the sleeve 110, and the boss 112 is formed with a plurality of through holes 114 for fitting the positioning legs 130. The positioning leg 130 includes a screw 132 inserted through the through hole 114, a first nut 134 capable of being fitted to the upper surface of the boss 112, and a second nut 136 capable of being fitted to the lower surface of the boss 112. Wherein the first nut 134 and the second nut 136 are respectively in threaded engagement with the screw 132. The positioning length LL of the positioning leg 130 can be adjusted by screwing the first and

second nuts

134, 136, and the positioning leg 130 is locked at the corresponding positioning length LL.

Referring to fig. 3, the through holes 114 of the bosses 112 preferably extend a partial distance along the circumference of the sleeve 110, for example, any length within an arc angle range of pi/24 to pi/6, which may be determined according to the total number of through holes 114 and the complexity of the curved surface configuration of the material member 200. Specifically, the circumferential extension length of the through holes 114 is inversely proportional to the total number of the through holes 114, and is proportional to the complexity of the curved surface structure. For example, when the total number of through holes 114 is large, the degree of complexity of the curved surface structure is low, and the circumferential extension distance of each through hole 114 can be set in a small interval, for example, an arc angle interval of pi/24-pi/20. According to this configuration, the positioning legs 130 are optionally arranged non-parallel or parallel to each other with respect to the central axis L1 of the socket 110, increasing the applicability of the impact testing apparatus 100.

In addition, in some additions or alternatives for increasing the applicability of the impact testing apparatus 100, the lower end of the positioning leg 130 has a ball-and-socket joint configuration, as shown in fig. 5. The lower surface of the positioning leg 130 can be well attached to the surface of the material member 200 when the positioning leg is disposed at any angle.

The impact testing apparatus 100 may be provided with a tachometer sensor 140 adjacent to the outlet of the lower end of the sleeve 110, and the tachometer sensor 140 may measure the speed of the impact member 120 when it impacts the material member 200.

A method of positioning an impact testing apparatus 100 according to the present disclosure, including steps 11-15, is described below in conjunction with fig. 2, 6-8. Suitable computer and modeling software is found in a start step 11. The modeling software may be, for example, conventional CATIA, Pro/E, UG, or other three-dimensional cartographic simulation software.

At step 12, a simulation model of the sleeve 110, the locating feet 130 and the material member 200 is created using modeling software to form an overall model as shown in FIG. 2.

In step 13, the positioning length LL of each positioning leg 130 is calculated using modeling software. Step 13 of calculating the positioning length LL and the angle between the positioning leg 130 and the surface of the material member 200 can be seen in the flowchart shown in fig. 8, which consists of steps SA to SG. After the model of each relevant component is built in step 12, the coordinate parameters, shape parameters, and the like of each component are generated in the modeling software. The tester can thus confirm in advance the impact point B (fig. 2 and 6) of the material member 200, which is to be subjected to the impact test, depending on the location of the material member 200 in the aircraft, etc., and define the impact point coordinates in the modeling software based on the coordinate parameters and shape parameters of each member generated in step 12, thereby completing step SA.

Subsequently, in step SB, a tangent plane S1 of the surface of the material member 200 is determined from the impact point coordinates, and the tangent plane S1 is shown in fig. 6. It should be noted that the tangent plane S1 is tangent to only a local region of the material element 200 corresponding to the location of the impact point B, and does not necessarily intersect all locations on the surface of the material element 200.

Subsequently, in conjunction with fig. 2 and 6, in step SC, a horizontal plane S4 passing through the impact point B is determined according to the impact point coordinates to determine a first axis L2 formed by the intersection of the horizontal plane S4 with the surface of the material member 200. In some embodiments, the first axis L2 extends in a direction corresponding to a heading direction of an aircraft in which the material member 200 is disposed, and the first axis L2 may be considered a "heading axis".

Subsequently, in step SD, a normal L1 of the tangent plane S1 is determined according to the impact point coordinates, and the normal L1 is taken as a central axis L1 of the sleeve 110, so that the position of the sleeve 110 can be defined and the preset position of each positioning leg 130 on the sleeve 110 can be determined correspondingly. The preset position may be characterized by the coordinates of the center axis of the positioning leg 130, or the coordinates of the center point of the axial ends of the positioning leg 130.

In step SE, a vertical plane S3 perpendicular to the first axis L2 and passing through the impact point B is drawn according to the first axis L2 in the digital modeling software environment, and an intersection between the vertical plane S3 and the surface of the material member 200 is defined as a second axis L3 as shown in fig. 2. The second axis L3 may be formed as a circumferential axis of the material member 200. It is understood that the first axis L2, the second axis L3 and the normal L1, which are determined in the above manner, are perpendicular to each other two by two and intersect at the impact point B.

In step SF, the sleeve 110 is rotated around the normal L1 in the digital software environment, and the central axis of each positioning leg 130 on the sleeve 110 is adjusted to be in the vertical plane S3, the plane S2 perpendicular to the first axis L2 and passing through the normal L1, so as to determine the projection point of the positioning leg 130 on the surface of the material member 200. It will be appreciated that the projected point is the intersection between the central axis of the locating leg 130 and the surface of the material member 200.

In step SG, the respective corresponding positioning length LL and the angle between the positioning leg 130 and the surface of the material component 200 are determined from the projection point and the predetermined position of the respective positioning leg 130. Wherein the angle between the positioning leg 130 and the surface of the material member 200 can be characterized by the angle between the central axis of the positioning leg 130 and the first and second axes L2, L3. It should be noted that the angle between the positioning legs 130 and the surface of the material member 200 is to adjust the arrangement of the positioning legs 130 more precisely, so as to ensure that the central axis L1 of the socket 110 is adjusted to be as perpendicular as possible to the tangent plane S1 at the impact point B in the subsequent operation step 14 of adjusting the socket. In fact, in the case of a small distance of movement of the striking element 120, in some embodiments, the angle between the positioning leg 130 and the surface of the material member 200 may not be calculated and used in the subsequent step 14 of adjusting the sleeve. In these embodiments, the individual positioning legs 130 of the impact testing apparatus 100 can be adjusted to substantially meet the purpose of accurate positioning without using the angle parameter.

After the

steps

12 and 13 of performing simulation operation and calculating the positioning length LL and the included angle in the modeling software, the tester can enter the actual scene operation steps of performing

real object operation

21, 22, 14, 15, and the like.

Referring to fig. 7, in step 14, an impact point B to be subjected to an impact test is first marked on the material member 200. The level is then used to find the horizontal plane S4 passing through the impact point B and the first axis L2, and the angle square is used to find the second axis L3. The first axis L2 and the second axis L3 may be marked on the material member 200 by color pen. Preferably, the first axis L2 and the second axis L3 are marked by color pens with different colors, so as to ensure a one-to-one correspondence relationship between the corresponding axes L2 and L3 and the corresponding positioning legs 130. It will be appreciated that in this manner, the first and second axes L2, L3 of the material member 200 may be substantially coincident with the first and second axes L2, L3 defined in step SC. Finally, the respective positioning legs 130 are adjusted by the respective positioning lengths LL calculated in step SG, and the respective positioning legs 130 are rotated to ensure that the respective positioning legs 130 can intersect the respective first axis L2 or the second axis L3, thereby completing the mounting process of the impact testing device 100.

It will be appreciated from the above that for the embodiment in which the angle between each positioning leg 130 and the surface of the material member 200 is calculated at step SG (or step 13), in step 14 of adjusting the sleeve 110, the tester should adjust the sleeve 110 by the above positioning length LL and angle so that the impact testing apparatus 100 fits more closely to the material member 200 and the central axis L1 of the sleeve 110 coincides with the tangent line L1 of the material member 200.

Through the above manner, the positioning length LL obtained in the modeling software, the included angle between each positioning support leg 130 and the material member 200 can be synchronously applied to the actual positioning process of the impact test device 100, so that the accurate positioning of the impact test device 100 is effectively ensured, and the accuracy of the test result is ensured.

Further, in the above impact testing apparatus 100, the sleeve 110 is fixed to the material member 200 by the adjustable positioning legs 130, so that the impact testing apparatus 100 according to the present invention can be snugly placed on the material member 200 having various curved surface configurations.

The scope of the invention is limited only by the claims. Persons of ordinary skill in the art, having benefit of the teachings of the present invention, will readily appreciate that alternative structures to the structures disclosed herein are possible alternative embodiments, and that combinations of the disclosed embodiments may be made to create new embodiments, which also fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Description of reference numerals:

impact test device: 100.

material components: 200.

sleeve barrel: 110.

an impact piece: 120.

positioning the supporting legs: 130.

a boss: 112.

through-hole: 114.

marking: 116.

screw rod: 132

A first nut: 134.

a second nut: 136.

a speed measurement sensor: 140.

Claims

1. an impact testing apparatus adapted for a material member having a curved surface shape, comprising:

the sleeve is internally provided with a slide way which extends to the bottom surface along the axial direction of the sleeve;

an impact piece configured to slide along the slideway to impact the material member,

it is characterized in that the impact test device further comprises:

the lower end of the sleeve is provided with a plurality of positioning support legs which are used for being abutted to the surface of the material component, and each positioning support leg extends out of the sleeve, so that the positioning length of the sleeve can be independently adjusted, the impact test device is attached to the material component, and the central axis of the sleeve coincides with the tangent plane normal of the material component.

2. The impact testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the lower end of the positioning leg has a ball-and-socket joint configuration.

3. The impact test apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a lower portion of the sleeve is formed with a boss protruding outward in a circumferential direction, the boss is provided with a plurality of through holes for fitting the positioning legs, and at least a part of the plurality of through holes is configured so that the positioning legs can move in the circumferential direction of the sleeve.

4. The impact testing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the positioning leg includes a screw rod that can pass through the through hole, a first nut that can be fitted to an upper surface of the boss, and a second nut that can be fitted to a lower surface of the boss, wherein the first nut and the second nut are respectively screw-fitted to the screw rod.

5. The impact testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the outer surface of the sleeve is provided with indicia for indicating the position of the impact member.

6. The impact testing apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a tachometer sensor located at a lower end of the sleeve for detecting a speed of the impact member as it impacts the material member.

7. A method of positioning an impact testing apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 6, said method comprising the steps of:

8. The positioning method according to claim 7, wherein calculating the positioning length comprises the steps of:

defining impact point coordinates in modeling software;

determining a normal of the tangent plane according to the impact point coordinates, and determining preset positions of the positioning support legs on the sleeve by taking the normal as a central axis of the sleeve;

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising the steps of:

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of adjusting the position and angle of the sleeve comprises:

searching a second axis by using an angle square;

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of adjusting the position and angle of the sleeve comprises:

searching a second axis by using an angle square;

12. Method according to any one of claims 7-11, wherein at least four positioning feet are provided and are arranged in pairs above the first and second axes.