CN109291029B - Multi-point lofting tool and lofting method based on space coordinate measurement - Google Patents

Multi-point lofting tool and lofting method based on space coordinate measurement Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109291029B
CN109291029B CN201811421807.7A CN201811421807A CN109291029B CN 109291029 B CN109291029 B CN 109291029B CN 201811421807 A CN201811421807 A CN 201811421807A CN 109291029 B CN109291029 B CN 109291029B
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lofting
cone
bottom plate
hammer
horizontal bottom
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CN109291029A (en
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陈海平
张尽力
刘长春
周海
全旭松
曹庭分
易聪之
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Laser Fusion Research Center China Academy of Engineering Physics
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Laser Fusion Research Center China Academy of Engineering Physics
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25HWORKSHOP EQUIPMENT, e.g. FOR MARKING-OUT WORK; STORAGE MEANS FOR WORKSHOPS
    • B25H7/00Marking-out or setting-out work

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a multipoint lofting tool and a lofting method based on space coordinate measurement, wherein the multipoint lofting tool comprises a horizontal bottom plate and a hollow column casing, lofting cone positioning holes are formed in the horizontal bottom plate, an inner cavity of the hollow column casing is communicated with the lofting cone positioning holes, a central lofting cone and a lofting hammer are arranged in the inner cavity, lofting cone strip-shaped guide grooves are formed in the horizontal bottom plate, and each lofting cone strip-shaped guide groove extends along the radial direction of the hollow column casing and is provided with an angular point lofting cone; the upper end of the hollow column casing is provided with a spherical reflector, the upper surface of the horizontal bottom plate is provided with two coordinate measuring holes, and the horizontal bottom plate is provided with an adjusting part. By adopting the multipoint lofting tool and lofting method based on space coordinate measurement, various lofting marks can be made on the ground rapidly through one-time adjustment, lofting efficiency and lofting precision during installation of the ground support legs of the large-scale scientific device are effectively improved, and further efficiency and precision of installation of the ground support of the large-scale scientific device are improved.

Description

Multi-point lofting tool and lofting method based on space coordinate measurement
Technical Field
The invention relates to a multipoint lofting device, in particular to a multipoint lofting tool and a lofting method based on space coordinate measurement.
Background
In recent years, as human beings have been aware of the world, demands for large-scale scientific apparatuses such as particle accelerators, which help human beings to further recognize the world and universe, have been increasing, and the scale of large-scale scientific apparatuses has also been increasing. To avoid adverse effects of temperature, humidity, vibration, etc., the main structural components of large scientific devices are typically mounted to a support having high stability. Unlike conventional brackets, such brackets are generally bulky, heavy, and have high requirements for mounting accuracy. In order to meet the installation requirement of the bracket, accurate measurement and lofting are usually carried out through high-precision space coordinate measuring equipment (total station, laser tracker and the like), and installation marks are made on the ground, so that the on-site installation is facilitated. The existing lofting tool can only loft a single point, and can not finish lofting of points on centers, corner points and side lines only through one-time adjustment, so that the efficiency of finishing multipoint lofting is low. Solving the above problems is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a multi-point lofting tool and a lofting method based on space coordinate measurement, which aim to solve the technical problem that the conventional lofting tool can only loft a single point and has low efficiency of completing multi-point lofting.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a multiple spot lofting frock based on space coordinate measures, includes horizontal bottom plate and installs the hollow column casing on horizontal bottom plate perpendicularly, its main points lie in: the horizontal bottom plate is provided with a lofting cone positioning hole, the inner cavity of the hollow column casing is communicated with the lofting cone positioning hole, a central lofting cone and a lofting hammer positioned above the central lofting cone are arranged in the inner cavity, the lower end of the central lofting cone penetrates out of the lofting cone positioning hole, the lofting hammer can lift along the hollow column casing to strike the central lofting cone, lofting cone strip-shaped guide grooves are arranged on the horizontal bottom plate along the circumferential direction of the hollow column casing, and each lofting cone strip-shaped guide groove extends outwards along the radial direction of the hollow column casing and is provided with a corner lofting cone capable of sliding along the corner lofting cone; the upper end of the hollow column casing is provided with a spherical reflector, the upper surface of the horizontal bottom plate is provided with two coordinate measuring holes, and at least three adjusting parts for adjusting the dip angle of the horizontal bottom plate are arranged on the horizontal bottom plate.
By adopting the structure, the horizontal bottom plate can be parallel to the horizontal plane by adjusting each adjusting part, namely the hollow column casing is vertical to the horizontal plane; the coordinates of the two coordinate measuring holes can be measured by using a laser tracker or a total station, so that the horizontal bottom plate is rotated according to data, and the azimuth of the horizontal bottom plate is adjusted; the coordinates of the sphere center of the spherical reflector can be measured by using a laser tracker or a total station, so that the x coordinate and the y coordinate of the sphere center are overlapped with the x coordinate and the y coordinate of the center lofting identification point; finally, knocking the center lofting cone by using a lofting hammer, namely, marking out a center lofting identification point on the ground, knocking each angular point lofting cone respectively, and marking out each angular point coordinate or boundary line point lofting identification point on the ground; by utilizing the invention, each lofting mark can be quickly made on the ground through one-time adjustment, and the lofting mark is used for guiding the field installation of the support frame support legs, so that the lofting position is accurate, and the multipoint lofting efficiency is greatly improved.
As preferable: the lower end of the hollow column casing is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the horizontal bottom plate through a flange plate, and a universal horizontal bubble is arranged on the flange plate. By adopting the structure, the hollow column casing can be ensured to be vertically fixed on the horizontal bottom plate, and whether the horizontal bottom plate is parallel to the horizontal plane can be checked by the universal horizontal bubble.
As preferable: at least one lofting hammer guide groove extending vertically is formed in the wall of the hollow column casing along the circumferential direction, lofting hammer positioning grooves extending along the circumferential direction of the hollow column casing are formed in the upper ends of the lofting hammer guide grooves, the lofting hammer comprises a hammer body in a cylindrical structure and lofting hammer guide shafts distributed on the hammer body along the circumferential direction, and the lofting hammer guide shafts are respectively in sliding fit with the corresponding lofting hammer guide grooves and the lofting hammer positioning grooves; when the lofting hammers are rotated, the lofting hammer guide shafts slide into the corresponding lofting hammer guide grooves respectively, the lofting hammers can freely fall along the hollow column casing, and the central lofting cone is knocked; the loft hammers are positioned on the hollow cylinder when the loft hammer guide shafts are slid into the corresponding loft hammer positioning grooves, respectively. By adopting the structure, the center lofting cone is simple and reliable, and the center lofting identification point can be accurately carved on the ground.
As preferable: one side of the lofting cone strip-shaped guide groove is provided with a graduated scale. By adopting the structure, the distance between the corner lofting cone and the central axis of the hollow column casing can be accurately judged.
As preferable: the coordinate measuring hole is a conical blind hole. By adopting the structure, the coordinate position acquired by the laser tracker or the total station is more accurate.
As preferable: the inner edge of the upper end face of the hollow column casing is a conical surface which is matched with the spherical reflector. With the above structure, the spherical reflector can be positioned more accurately.
As preferable: the adjusting part is an adjusting bolt in threaded fit with the horizontal bottom plate. By adopting the structure, the operation is simple, the stability and reliability are realized, and the cost is low.
The multipoint lofting method based on the space coordinate measurement is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: the multi-point lofting tool is placed at a center lofting identification point (x 0 ,y 0 ,z 0 ) Is located near the location of (2);
s2: the horizontal bottom plate is parallel to the horizontal plane by adjusting each adjusting part, and the axis of the hollow column casing is perpendicular to the horizontal plane;
s3: measuring the space coordinates of the two coordinate measuring holes, and rotating the multi-point lofting tool to a preset azimuth according to the space coordinates of the two coordinate measuring holes;
s4: the coordinates (x, y, z) of the center of sphere of the spherical reflector are measured and a determination is made as to whether x=x 0 And y=y 0 : if not, translating and adjusting the position of the multi-point lofting tool until x=x 0 And y=y 0 If yes, entering the next step;
s5: checking whether the horizontal bottom plate is parallel to the horizontal plane: if not, adjusting each adjusting component until the horizontal bottom plate is parallel to the horizontal plane, and if yes, entering the next step;
s6: repeating steps S4 and S5 until the horizontal floor is parallel to the horizontal plane and x=x 0 、y=y 0
S7: knocking a center lofting cone by using a lofting hammer, so that the center lofting cone is carved with a center lofting mark point on the ground;
s8: and adjusting the positions of the corner lofting cones in the strip-shaped guide grooves of the corresponding lofting cones, and knocking the corner lofting cones in place to enable the corner lofting cones to score corner lofting identification points or boundary line point lofting identification points on the ground.
By adopting the method, the operation is simple, the lofting efficiency is high, the lofting position is accurate, and the lofting efficiency and precision in the installation of the ground support leg of the large-scale scientific device are effectively improved.
As preferable: in step S3, after the multi-point lofting tool is rotated to a preset azimuth, the multi-point lofting tool is positioned through an auxiliary leaning block. By adopting the method, the multipoint lofting tool can be prevented from rotating when the position is horizontally adjusted, and the azimuth accuracy of the multipoint lofting tool is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
by adopting the multipoint lofting tool and lofting method based on space coordinate measurement, which are provided by the invention, the design is ingenious, the tool is stable and reliable, each lofting mark can be quickly made on the ground through one-time adjustment, the lofting efficiency and precision in the process of mounting the ground support legs of the large-scale scientific device are effectively improved, and the efficiency and precision in the process of mounting the ground support of the large-scale scientific device are further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of one view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of another view of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples and figures.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the multipoint lofting tool based on space coordinate measurement comprises a horizontal bottom plate 1, a hollow column casing 2, a central lofting cone 3, a lofting hammer 4, a spherical reflector 5, an adjusting part 6, an angular point lofting cone 7, a flange 8, a universal horizontal bubble 9 and a graduated scale 10.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the horizontal bottom plate 1 is of a square or rectangular plate structure, a lofting cone positioning hole 1a is provided at the center of the horizontal bottom plate 1, a plurality of lofting cone strip-shaped guide grooves 1b are provided on the horizontal bottom plate 1, each lofting cone strip-shaped guide groove 1b is circumferentially distributed around the lofting cone positioning hole 1a, each lofting cone strip-shaped guide groove 1b extends along the radial direction of the lofting cone positioning hole 1a, each lofting cone strip-shaped guide groove 1b is provided with a corner lofting cone 7 capable of sliding along the same, and a rubber hammer or other tool is used for knocking the corner lofting cone 7, so that corner lofting identification points or boundary line point lofting identification points can be carved on the ground. It should be noted that, only one of the lofting cone strip-shaped guide grooves 1b may be configured with the angular point lofting cones 7 that can slide along it, and the angular point lofting cones 7 are inserted into each of the lofting cone strip-shaped guide grooves 1b one by one, so that each of the angular point lofting identification points or the boundary line point lofting identification points can be carved out on the ground. And, one side of the strip-shaped guiding groove 1b of the lofting cone is provided with a graduated scale 10, so that the distance between the angular point lofting cone 7 and the central axis of the lofting cone positioning hole 1a can be accurately controlled.
Referring to fig. 1, two coordinate measuring holes 1c for positioning the orientation of the horizontal bottom plate 1 are provided on the upper surface of the horizontal bottom plate 1, and the two coordinate measuring holes 1c are respectively located at two adjacent corners of the horizontal bottom plate 1. Meanwhile, the coordinate measuring hole 1c is a conical blind hole, so that the coordinate of the coordinate measuring hole 1c obtained by a laser tracker or a total station is more accurate, and the azimuth of the horizontal bottom plate 1 is accurately controlled.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, at least three adjusting parts 6 for adjusting the inclination angle of the horizontal base plate 1 are mounted on the horizontal base plate 1, the adjusting parts 6 are adjusting bolts in threaded fit with the horizontal base plate 1, and the inclination angle of the horizontal base plate 1 can be adjusted by rotating the adjusting bolts. In this embodiment, three adjusting bolts are preferably used, one of which is disposed at an intermediate position between two of the coordinate measuring holes 1c, and the other two adjusting bolts are respectively disposed at the other two corners of the horizontal base plate 1 where the coordinate measuring holes 1c are not disposed. The three adjusting bolts are distributed in a triangle shape, so that the adjusting bolt is simple and reliable and is easy to adjust.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a hollow column 2 is vertically installed at a central position of an upper surface of the horizontal base plate 1, a lower end portion of the hollow column 2 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the horizontal base plate 1 through a flange 8, and a universal horizontal bubble 9 is disposed on the flange 8. The hollow column casing 2 is provided with an inner cavity 2d penetrating up and down, the inner cavity 2d is communicated with the lofting cone positioning hole 1a, and the central axis of the inner cavity 2d is coincident with the center of the lofting cone positioning hole 1 a. The upper end of the hollow column casing 2 is provided with a spherical reflector 5 for matching with space coordinate measurement, and the inner edge of the upper end surface of the hollow column casing 2 is a conical surface 2c which is matched with the spherical reflector 5, namely the spherical reflector 5 is arranged on the conical surface 2c, so that the hollow column casing is stable and reliable.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a central lofting cone 3 and a lofting hammer 4 located above the central lofting cone 3 are disposed in the inner cavity 2d, the lower end of the central lofting cone 3 penetrates out of the inner cavity 2d and passes through a lofting cone positioning hole 1a, and the lofting hammer 4 is used for knocking the central lofting cone 3 and can lift along the hollow cylinder 2. Specifically speaking, set up at least one vertical lofting hammer guide way 2a that extends along circumference on the section of thick bamboo wall of hollow column casing 2 lofting hammer guide way 2a upper end all is provided with the lofting hammer constant head tank 2b that extends along hollow column casing 2 circumference outwards, lofting hammer 4 is including being the hammer body 4a of cylinder structure and distributing the lofting hammer guide axle 4b on hammer body 4a along circumference, lofting hammer guide axle 4b respectively with the lofting hammer guide way 2a and the lofting hammer constant head tank 2b sliding fit that correspond. When the lofting hammers 4 are rotated to enable the lofting hammer guide shafts 4b to slide into the corresponding lofting hammer guide grooves 2a respectively, the lofting hammers 4 can freely fall along the hollow column casing 2 and strike the central lofting cone 3; when the setting-out hammer guide shafts 4b are slid into the corresponding setting-out hammer positioning grooves 2b, respectively, the setting-out hammers 4 are positioned on the hollow column casing 2.
Referring to fig. 3, the central lofting cone 3 includes a lofting cone head, a lofting cone and a lofting cone tip, which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, the lower end of the inner cavity 2d is reduced in diameter, the reduced diameter portion of the lower end of the inner cavity 2d is adapted to the lofting cone, and the portion of the inner cavity 2d, which is not reduced in diameter, is adapted to the lofting cone head. By this design, the lowest position of the center lofting cone 3 falling can be defined, and the center lofting cone 3 is prevented from falling out.
A multipoint lofting method based on space coordinate measurement is carried out according to the following steps:
s1: placing the multi-point lofting tool at a lofting identification point (x 0 ,y 0 ,z 0 ) Is located near the location of (c).
S2: by adjusting the individual adjusting members 6, the universal horizontal bubble 9 is observed at the same time, and when the bubble of the universal horizontal bubble 9 is located at the center position, the horizontal bottom plate 1 is parallel to the horizontal plane, and at this time, the axis of the hollow cylinder 2 is perpendicular to the horizontal plane.
S3: the space coordinates of the two coordinate measuring holes 1c are measured by using a laser tracker or a total station, the multi-point lofting tool is rotated to a preset azimuth according to the space coordinates of the two coordinate measuring holes 1c, and after the multi-point lofting tool is rotated to the preset azimuth, the azimuth of the multi-point lofting tool is pre-locked by assisting in positioning the multi-point lofting tool by a leaning block, and the fact that the leaning block is prevented from generating larger displacement change in the process of subsequently translating and adjusting the multi-point lofting tool is pointed out.
S4: the coordinates (x, y, z) of the center of sphere of the spherical reflector 5 are measured with a laser tracker or total station, and it is determined whether x=x 0 And y=y 0 : if not, translating and adjusting the position of the multi-point lofting tool until x=x 0 And y=y 0 If yes, go to the next step.
S5: check whether the horizontal base plate 1 is parallel to the horizontal plane (see whether the bubble of the universal horizontal bubble 9 is located at the center position): otherwise, each adjusting member 6 is adjusted until the horizontal base plate 1 is parallel to the horizontal plane, and yes, the next step is entered.
S6: steps S4 and S5 are repeated until the horizontal floor 1 is parallel to the horizontal plane (the bubble of the universal horizontal bubble 9 is in the central position) and x=x 0 、y=y 0
S7: and the lofting hammer 4 is rotated, so that the lofting hammer 4 freely falls, the central lofting cone 3 is knocked, and the central lofting cone 3 is carved with a central lofting identification point on the ground to finish central lofting.
S8: and adjusting the positions of the corner lofting cones 7 in the strip-shaped guide grooves 1b of the corresponding lofting cones, knocking the corner lofting cones 7 through tools such as rubber hammers after the position is reached, enabling the corner lofting cones 7 to score corner lofting identification points or sideline point lofting identification points on the ground, and finishing corner or sideline point lofting.
Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and that many similar changes can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a multiple spot lofting frock based on space coordinate measures, includes horizontal bottom plate (1) and installs hollow column casing (2) on horizontal bottom plate (1) perpendicularly, its characterized in that: a lofting cone positioning hole (1 a) is formed in the horizontal bottom plate (1), an inner cavity (2 d) of the hollow column casing (2) is communicated with the lofting cone positioning hole (1 a), a central lofting cone (3) and a lofting hammer (4) positioned above the central lofting cone (3) are arranged in the inner cavity (2 d), the lower end of the central lofting cone (3) penetrates out of the lofting cone positioning hole (1 a), the lofting hammer (4) can lift along the hollow column casing (2) to knock the central lofting cone (3), lofting cone strip-shaped guide grooves (1 b) are arranged on the horizontal bottom plate (1) along the circumference of the hollow column casing (2), and each lofting cone strip-shaped guide groove (1 b) extends outwards along the radial direction of the hollow column casing (2) and is provided with an angular point lofting cone (7) capable of sliding along the angular point lofting cone;
the upper end of the hollow column casing (2) is provided with a spherical reflector (5), the upper surface of the horizontal bottom plate (1) is provided with two coordinate measuring holes (1 c), and at least three adjusting parts (6) for adjusting the dip angle of the horizontal bottom plate (1) are arranged on the horizontal bottom plate (1);
one side of the lofting cone strip-shaped guide groove (1 b) is provided with a graduated scale (10);
the coordinate measuring hole (1 c) is a conical blind hole.
2. The multipoint lofting tool based on spatial coordinate measurement according to claim 1, wherein: the lower end part of the hollow column casing (2) is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of the horizontal bottom plate (1) through a flange plate (8), and a universal horizontal bubble (9) is arranged on the flange plate (8).
3. The multipoint lofting tool based on spatial coordinate measurement according to claim 1, wherein: at least one lofting hammer guide groove (2 a) extending vertically is formed in the cylinder wall of the hollow cylinder (2) along the circumferential direction, lofting hammer positioning grooves (2 b) extending along the circumferential direction of the hollow cylinder (2) are formed in the upper end of each lofting hammer guide groove (2 a), each lofting hammer (4) comprises a hammer body (4 a) with a cylindrical structure and lofting hammer guide shafts (4 b) distributed on the hammer body (4 a) along the circumferential direction, and each lofting hammer guide shaft (4 b) can be in sliding fit with the corresponding lofting hammer guide groove (2 a) and lofting hammer positioning groove (2 b) respectively;
when the lofting hammers (4) are rotated, and the lofting hammer guide shafts (4 b) slide into the corresponding lofting hammer guide grooves (2 a) respectively, the lofting hammers (4) can freely fall along the hollow column casing (2) and strike the central lofting cone (3); when the lofting hammer guide shafts (4 b) are slid into the corresponding lofting hammer positioning grooves (2 b), respectively, the lofting hammers (4) are positioned on the hollow column casing (2).
4. The multipoint lofting tool based on spatial coordinate measurement according to claim 1, wherein: the inner edge of the upper end face of the hollow column casing (2) is a conical surface (2 c) which is matched with the spherical reflector (5).
5. The multipoint lofting tool based on spatial coordinate measurement according to claim 1, wherein: the adjusting part (6) is an adjusting bolt in threaded fit with the horizontal bottom plate (1).
6. The multipoint lofting method based on the space coordinate measurement is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1: placing the multi-point loft tooling of any one of claims 1-5 at a center loft identification point (x 0 ,y 0 ,z 0 ) Is located near the location of (2);
s2: by adjusting each adjusting part (6), the horizontal bottom plate (1) is parallel to the horizontal plane, and the axis of the hollow column casing (2) is perpendicular to the horizontal plane;
s3: measuring the space coordinates of the two coordinate measuring holes (1 c), and rotating the multipoint lofting tool to a preset azimuth according to the space coordinates of the two coordinate measuring holes (1 c);
s4: measuring the coordinates (x, y, z) of the center of sphere of the spherical reflector (5) and determiningWhether x=x 0 And y=y 0 : if not, translating and adjusting the position of the multi-point lofting tool until x=x 0 And y=y 0 If yes, entering the next step;
s5: checking whether the horizontal bottom plate (1) is parallel to the horizontal plane: if not, adjusting each adjusting part (6) until the horizontal bottom plate (1) is parallel to the horizontal plane, and if yes, entering the next step;
s6: repeating steps S4 and S5 until the horizontal floor (1) is parallel to the horizontal plane and x=x 0 、y=y 0
S7: knocking the center lofting cone (3) by using a lofting hammer (4), so that the center lofting cone (3) is carved with a center lofting mark point on the ground;
s8: and adjusting the positions of the corner lofting cones (7) in the strip-shaped guide grooves (1 b) of the corresponding lofting cones, and knocking the corner lofting cones (7) after the position is reached, so that the corner lofting cones (7) are carved with corner lofting identification points or boundary line point lofting identification points on the ground.
7. The multipoint lofting method based on spatial coordinate measurement according to claim 6, wherein: in step S3, after the multi-point lofting tool is rotated to a preset azimuth, the multi-point lofting tool is positioned through an auxiliary leaning block.
CN201811421807.7A 2018-11-27 2018-11-27 Multi-point lofting tool and lofting method based on space coordinate measurement Active CN109291029B (en)

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CN109894818A (en) * 2019-03-20 2019-06-18 刘业飞 A kind of General Motors exterior trim coating hanger production method
CN111421516B (en) * 2020-05-06 2023-04-21 南京超图中小企业信息服务有限公司 Scribing device for cutting chopping board
CN112857175B (en) * 2021-01-19 2021-09-21 南通水木清华装饰设计工程有限公司 Indoor decoration construction measurement lofting equipment and method thereof
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CN204881634U (en) * 2015-07-13 2015-12-16 北京首钢建设集团有限公司 Elevation datum point reading device is buried underground on supporting ground of using of ball prism
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CN209140872U (en) * 2018-11-27 2019-07-23 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 Multiple spot setting-out tooling based on space coordinate measurement

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