CN112412406B - Resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method and device for improving utilization rate of injected gas - Google Patents
Resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method and device for improving utilization rate of injected gas Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method and device for improving the utilization rate of injected gas. Injecting gas into the simulated oil layer to make the gas pressure in the simulated oil layer reach the initial oil layer pressure, and under the action of the initial oil layer pressure, the gas in the simulated oil layer displaces the oil liquid to seep to the outside of the extraction outlet; the initial oil seepage pressure is arranged at the extraction outlet and is less than the initial oil layer pressure; monitoring gas production and oil production at a production outlet; when the ratio of the gas production rate to the oil production rate is higher than a preset ratio, the initial oil seepage pressure at the extraction outlet is increased to the increased oil seepage pressure, and the increased oil seepage pressure is smaller than the initial oil layer pressure. The device is used for implementing the method. By carrying out oil extraction simulation experiments, the method is beneficial for working personnel to formulate a scheme for reducing the generation of a gas channeling phenomenon and improving the oil recovery ratio according to simulation experiment results, and is applied to actual oil production operation, so that the oil field exploitation cost is reduced and the oil yield is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oilfield development simulation experiments, in particular to a resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method and device for improving the utilization rate of injected gas.
Background
At present, water injection development is still mainly used for low-permeability and ultra-low-permeability oil reservoirs, but the problems of difficult injection, low extraction degree and the like are caused due to low permeability. Due to the ease of gas injection, gas injection technology is increasingly used in such reservoirs. Compared with water injection, gas injection development has two major advantages. One is that the gas seepage resistance is small, and the injected water can enter the low-permeability pore space under relatively low pressure, so that the swept volume is enlarged; secondly, gas is gathered in the pores of the oil reservoir, and under the action of the difference between the densities of oil and gas, when certain seepage conditions are met, the gas is gathered at the top of the oil reservoir and slowly drives crude oil downwards, and the key of improving the recovery ratio is whether the gas flooding technology can play a role or not.
The ease of gas injection also has an adverse effect during development, namely: gas tends to migrate along the higher permeability strips (the dominant seepage channels formed by water injection) creating a gas channeling phenomenon. Under the existing conditions, after gas channeling is formed, an oil well is basically in a stagnation state, and the improvement range of the crude oil extraction degree is limited.
In the existing technology for preventing gas channeling, one method is to reduce the pressure of an injection well and block a gas channeling passage. This not only loses the energy of the injected gas, but also the degree of plugging is difficult to achieve with good results. In another method, a gas anchor or other equipment is added to the oil production well, but the gas anchor or other equipment is only used for separating gas and liquid in the well bore, and the gas anchor or other equipment cannot prevent gas channeling.
The oil recovery simulation experiment is a work continuously performed by workers in the field, and a scheme for reducing the generation of a gas channeling phenomenon and improving the oil recovery ratio is sought through a simulation experiment mode, so that the oil recovery simulation experiment is applied to actual oil development operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment method and device for improving the utilization rate of injected gas, and the scheme for reducing the generation of a gas channeling phenomenon and improving the oil recovery ratio is determined in a simulation experiment mode, so that the method and device are applied to actual oil development operation.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas, wherein the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas comprises:
injecting gas into the simulated oil layer to enable the gas pressure in the simulated oil layer to reach the initial oil layer pressure, and displacing the oil liquid in the simulated oil layer to seep to the outside of the extraction port by the gas in the simulated oil layer under the action of the initial oil layer pressure;
the production outlet has an initial oil seepage pressure which is less than the initial oil layer pressure;
monitoring the gas production and oil production at the production outlet;
and when the ratio of the gas production rate to the oil production rate is higher than a preset ratio, increasing the initial oil seepage pressure at the extraction outlet to an increased oil seepage pressure, wherein the increased oil seepage pressure is smaller than the initial oil layer pressure.
The resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas, wherein the monitoring of the gas production and the oil production at the extraction outlet comprises the following steps:
and monitoring the volume ratio of the oil production to the gas production at the extraction outlet under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure.
The resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment method for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas, wherein when the ratio of the gas production rate to the oil production rate is higher than a predetermined ratio, the method for improving the initial oil seepage pressure at the production outlet to the improved oil seepage pressure comprises the following steps:
when the volume ratio of the gas production rate to the oil production rate is lower than 1000, continuously injecting gas into the simulated oil layer, so that the interior of the simulated oil layer maintains the initial oil layer pressure, and the initial oil seepage pressure is maintained at the production outlet;
and when the volume ratio of the gas production to the oil production is higher than 1000, stopping injecting gas into the simulated oil layer, increasing the initial oil seepage pressure at the extraction port to the increased oil seepage pressure, and then starting injecting gas into the simulated oil layer.
The resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment method for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas further comprises the following steps:
and increasing the initial reservoir pressure in the simulated reservoir to an increased reservoir pressure, wherein the increased reservoir pressure is greater than the increased oil seepage pressure.
The resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment method for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas is characterized in that the difference between the improved reservoir pressure and the initial reservoir pressure is smaller than the difference between the improved oil seepage pressure and the initial oil seepage pressure.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas, wherein the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas is used for implementing the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas, and the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas includes:
the sand filling model is characterized in that a simulated oil layer is formed inside the sand filling model, a gas injection port is formed in the top of the sand filling model, a first production port and a second production port are formed in the side wall of the sand filling model and are close to the bottom of the sand filling model, a first production line is communicated with the first production port, a second production line is communicated with the second production port, a resistor increasing device is communicated with the second production line and comprises a hollow cylinder body, the inside of the cylinder body is filled with a resistor increasing material, oil produced in the simulated oil layer can flow from one end of the cylinder body to the inside of the cylinder body along the second production line, the oil penetrates through the resistor increasing material from the inside of the cylinder body to the other end of the cylinder body and flows back to the second production line, and the resistor increasing material can improve resistance applied to the oil in the flowing process.
The resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas is characterized in that the resistance-increasing material is a cemented sand body, and the permeability of the cemented sand body is less than or equal to one tenth of that of the simulated oil layer.
The resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas is characterized in that the inner diameter of the second oil production line is smaller than 3mm, and the length of the second oil production line is smaller than or equal to 5mm.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas, wherein the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas is used for implementing the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas, and the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas includes:
the sand filling model is characterized in that a simulated oil layer is formed inside the sand filling model, a gas injection port is formed in the top of the sand filling model, a first production port and a second production port are formed in the side wall of the sand filling model and close to the bottom of the sand filling model, a first production line is communicated with the first production port, a second production line is communicated with the second production port, a resistance increasing device is arranged in the sand filling model and at the second production port, the resistance increasing device comprises a hollow cylinder body, an outlet is formed in one end of the cylinder body facing the second production port and communicated with the second production port, an inlet is formed in one end of the cylinder body far away from the second production port, a resistance increasing plate is arranged in the cylinder body, the resistance increasing plate separates the cylinder body to form a first cavity and a second cavity, the inlet is communicated with the first cavity, the outlet is communicated with the second cavity, the simulated produced oil can enter the first oil layer cavity from the inlet, and the oil flows into the second cavity, passes through the resistance increasing plate and flows into the second production port in sequence, and the resistance increasing device can be increased in the production process.
The resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas is characterized in that the resistance-increasing plate is a sandstone plate, and the permeability of the sandstone plate is less than or equal to one tenth of the permeability of the simulated oil layer.
The resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas is characterized in that the distance between the surface of one side of the resistance-increasing plate facing the inlet and the inner end face of the end part of the cylinder body on which the inlet is arranged is less than 5mm.
The resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas is characterized in that the gas injection port is formed in the center of the top of the sand-packed model.
The resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas is characterized in that a third production outlet is formed in the position, close to the bottom, of the side wall of the other side of the sand-packed model, opposite to the first production outlet, and a third production pipeline is communicated with the third production outlet.
The resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas is characterized in that an oil guide pipeline is arranged inside the sand filling model, one end of the oil guide pipeline is communicated with the first extraction outlet, and the other end of the oil guide pipeline extends to the inlet of the cylinder.
The resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas is characterized in that a first valve is arranged on the first oil production line, a second valve is arranged on the second oil production line, and a third valve is arranged on the third oil production line.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas, wherein the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas is used to implement the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas, and the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas includes:
the sand filling model is characterized in that a simulated oil layer is formed inside the sand filling model, a gas injection port is formed in the top of the sand filling model, a production port is formed in the side wall of the sand filling model and is close to the bottom of the sand filling model, a production main is communicated with the production port, one end, far away from the production port, of the production main is communicated with a first production branch pipe and a second production branch pipe through a three-way change-over valve respectively, a resistance increasing device is communicated with the second production branch pipe and comprises a hollow barrel body, the interior of the barrel body is filled with resistance increasing materials, oil produced in the simulated oil layer can flow to the interior of the barrel body from one end of the barrel body along the second production branch pipe, oil penetrates through the interior of the barrel body and flows to the other end of the barrel body and flows back to the second production branch pipe, and the resistance increasing materials can improve resistance of the oil in the flowing process.
The resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas is characterized in that the resistance-increasing material is a cemented sand body, and the permeability of the cemented sand body is less than or equal to one tenth of that of the simulated oil layer.
The resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas is characterized in that the inner diameter of the second oil production branch pipe is less than 3mm, and the length of the second oil production branch pipe is less than or equal to 5mm.
The resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas is characterized in that the first oil recovery branch pipe is provided with a first branch pipe valve, and the second oil recovery branch pipe is provided with a second branch pipe valve.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method and device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas, provided by the invention, the oil production simulation experiment is carried out on the simulated oil layer in a simulation experiment mode, so that workers can monitor, analyze and adjust the gas channeling phenomenon and the oil extraction rate in the oil production process of the simulated oil layer, the scheme for reducing the gas channeling phenomenon and improving the oil extraction rate can be conveniently formulated by the workers according to the simulation experiment result and applied to actual oil production operation, the oil field exploitation cost is reduced, and the oil yield is improved.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Wherein:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for simulating an experimental method of increasing oil resistance for improving the utilization rate of injected gas according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of another method of the enhanced-resistance oil recovery simulation experiment method for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the development effect of simulating an existing actual production process;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating the development effect of an oil recovery simulation test using the resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation test method for improving the utilization rate of injected gas provided by the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment apparatus for improving the utilization rate of injected gas according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment apparatus for improving the utilization rate of injected gas according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is another schematic structural diagram of a resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment apparatus for improving the utilization rate of injected gas according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment apparatus for improving the utilization rate of injected gas according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of a resistor-increasing device of a resistor-increasing oil-production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas according to a second embodiment and a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a resistor-increasing device for a resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment apparatus, which is provided in the third embodiment of the present invention and improves the utilization rate of injected gas.
The reference numbers illustrate:
1. filling a sand model;
11. simulating an oil layer;
12. a gas injection port;
13. a first extraction port;
14. a second extraction port;
15. a third extraction outlet;
16. a production port;
2. a first production line;
21. a first valve;
3. a second production line;
31. a second valve;
4. a third production line;
41. a third valve;
5. a production manifold;
51. a three-way change-over valve;
52. a first production leg;
521. a first manifold valve;
53. a second production leg;
531. a second manifold valve;
6. a resistor increasing device;
61. a barrel;
611. an inlet;
612. an outlet;
613. a first chamber;
614. a second chamber;
62. a resistance increasing material;
63. a resistance increasing plate;
7. an oil guide pipeline.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly understand the technical solution, the purpose and the effect of the present invention, a detailed description of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1 and 4, the present invention provides a resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas, which may also be referred to as "an oil production simulation experiment method for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas by increasing the oil fluid seepage pressure at the production outlet", specifically, by operating at the production outlet 16, the pressure of product in the simulated oil layer 11 leaking to the outside of the production outlet 16 is increased, so that gas in the simulated oil layer 11 is accumulated in the simulated oil layer 11, the pressure in the simulated oil layer 11 is maintained, and the gas channeling phenomenon is reduced, thereby increasing the utilization rate of gas injected into the simulated oil layer 11, wherein the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas comprises:
injecting gas into the simulated oil layer 11 (through the gas injection port 12) to make the gas pressure in the simulated oil layer 11 reach the initial oil layer pressure, and displacing oil (namely crude oil) in the simulated oil layer 11 by the gas in the simulated oil layer 11 to seep to the outside of the production port 16 under the action of the initial oil layer pressure to start oil production;
the production port 16 has an initial oil seepage pressure which is smaller than the initial oil layer pressure, so as to ensure that the oil in the simulated oil layer 11 can smoothly seep to the outside of the production port 16 under the action of the initial oil layer pressure;
monitoring gas and oil production at the production port 16;
when the ratio of the gas production rate to the oil production rate is higher than a predetermined ratio, the gas channeling phenomenon is shown, at the moment, the initial oil seepage pressure at the oil production port 16 is increased to the increased oil seepage pressure, so that the gas needs higher pressure to overcome the increased oil seepage pressure to continue the channeling, and the channeling gas is forced to be gathered in the simulated oil layer 11 so as to oppress and displace more oil, thereby expanding the swept (displacement) volume and improving the oil yield.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the method for simulating resistance-increasing oil production for improving the utilization rate of injected gas provided by the invention, wherein the monitoring of the gas production and the oil production at the production outlet comprises:
under normal temperature and pressure conditions, the volume ratio of the oil production and the gas production at the oil extraction port 16, also called the Gas Oil Ratio (GOR), is a general term in the petroleum industry, and the gas oil ratio refers to the standard cubic foot number of gas of each barrel of petroleum and is a key parameter for measuring whether the gas oil has economic value.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment method for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas provided by the present invention, wherein when the ratio of the gas production rate to the oil production rate is higher than a predetermined ratio, the method for increasing the initial oil seepage pressure at the production outlet to the increased oil seepage pressure comprises:
when the volume ratio of the gas production rate to the oil production rate is lower than 1000, no gas channeling phenomenon is determined to be generated, the normal simulation experiment process is maintained, gas is continuously injected into the simulation oil layer 11, the interior of the simulation oil layer 11 is kept at the initial oil layer pressure, and the initial oil seepage pressure is kept at the extraction port 16;
when the volume ratio of the gas production to the oil production is higher than 1000, namely the predetermined ratio is 1000, the gas is determined to form a channeling flow, the simulation experiment is stopped, the valve of the gas injection port 12 is closed, the gas is stopped being injected into the simulation oil layer 11, then the initial oil seepage pressure at the extraction port 16 is increased to the increased oil seepage pressure, then the valve of the gas injection port 12 is opened, and the gas is injected into the simulation oil layer 11 again to displace the oil.
Further, as shown in fig. 2, the resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment method for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas provided by the invention further includes:
the initial reservoir pressure in the simulated reservoir 11 is increased to the increased reservoir pressure, and the increased reservoir pressure is greater than the increased oil seepage pressure, so that the oil in the simulated reservoir 11 can smoothly seep into the oil production well.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment method for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas provided by the present invention, wherein the difference between the improved reservoir pressure and the initial reservoir pressure is smaller than the difference between the improved oil seepage pressure and the initial oil seepage pressure, that is, the improvement range of the oil seepage pressure is greater than the improvement range of the reservoir pressure, so as to ensure the effect of limiting the channeling gas, and the channeling gas is forced to gather in the simulated reservoir 11 to force to displace more oil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
according to the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas, provided by the invention, the oil production simulation experiment is carried out on the simulated oil layer in a simulation experiment mode, so that workers can monitor, analyze and adjust the gas channeling phenomenon and the oil extraction rate in the oil production process of the simulated oil layer, the scheme for reducing the gas channeling phenomenon and improving the oil extraction rate can be formulated by the workers according to the simulation experiment result, the scheme is applied to actual oil production operation, the oil field exploitation cost is reduced, and the oil yield is improved.
The amplitude of the recovery efficiency improvement of the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas provided by the invention is influenced by factors such as the volume, the permeability, the heterogeneous degree, the gas injection pressure, the oil production speed and the like of a simulated oil layer, wherein under the conditions that the oil reservoir volume is larger, the permeability is lower, the heterogeneous degree is more serious, the gas injection pressure is lower and the like, the amplitude of the recovery efficiency improvement of the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas provided by the invention is larger, please compare with reference to fig. 3 and fig. 4, the shaded area in fig. 3 represents the oil displacement area in the existing simulation experiment process, the shaded area in fig. 4 represents the oil displacement area in the oil production simulation experiment performed by the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas provided by the invention, and the amplitude of the recovery efficiency improvement is within the range of 8% -15%.
Example two
As shown in fig. 5 and fig. 9, the present invention further provides a resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas, which may also be referred to as "an oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas by increasing the oil fluid seepage pressure at the extraction outlet", specifically, a resistance-increasing device 6 is disposed at the extraction outlet to increase the pressure of the product in the simulated oil layer 11 leaking to the outside of the extraction outlet, so that the gas injected into the simulated oil layer 11 is collected inside the simulated oil layer 11, the pressure in the simulated oil layer 11 is maintained, and the gas channeling phenomenon is reduced, that is, the utilization rate of the gas injected into the simulated oil layer 11 is increased, wherein the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas is used to implement the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas according to the first embodiment, and the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas includes:
the sand filling model 1 is characterized in that a simulated oil layer 11 is formed inside the sand filling model 1, a gas injection port 12 is formed in the top of the sand filling model 1 and used for injecting gas into the simulated oil layer 11, and a first production port 13 and a second production port 14 are formed in the side wall of the sand filling model 1 and close to the bottom of the sand filling model;
a first oil extraction pipeline 2 is communicated with the first oil extraction outlet 13, and the first oil extraction pipeline 2 is used for carrying out an oil extraction simulation test for simulating the existing oil extraction process;
a second oil production line 3 is communicated with the second oil production outlet 14, a resistance-increasing device 6 is communicated with the second oil production line 3, and the second oil production line 3 is used for performing a resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas;
the resistance increasing device 6 comprises a hollow cylinder 61, the cylinder 61 is filled with resistance increasing material 62, one end of the cylinder 61 is provided with an inlet 611, the other end of the cylinder 61 is provided with an outlet 612, when the device is installed, the second oil production line 3 is divided into a first section and a second section, one end of the first section is communicated with the second oil production port, the other end of the first section is communicated with the inlet 611 of the cylinder 61, the outlet 612 of the cylinder 61 is communicated with one end of the second section, oil produced in the simulated oil layer 11 can flow from one end (the inlet 611) of the cylinder 61 to the inside of the cylinder 61 along the (the first section) of the second oil production line 3, oil seepage flows through the resistance increasing material 62 to the other end (the outlet 612) of the cylinder 61 and returns to the (the second section) of the second oil production line 3 in the inside of the cylinder 61, the resistance increasing material 62 can increase resistance applied to the oil flow process, and the resistance increasing material 62 must fully fill the cylinder 61 to prevent the gap between the oil production line 62 and the inner wall of the cylinder 61 from the inlet of the cylinder 61 and the oil from passing through the outlet 611.
Further, as shown in fig. 5 and 9, in the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment apparatus for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas provided by the present invention, the cylinder 61 is made of steel, the resistance-increasing material 62 is cemented sand filled in the cylinder 61, the mesh number of sand grains used for the cemented sand, the glue amount and the length of the cemented sand (i.e. the distance between the inlet 611 and the outlet 612 of the cylinder 61) can be flexibly selected according to the actual design, relatively speaking, the lower the permeability of the cemented sand and the longer the length of the cemented sand are, the better the resistance-increasing effect is, and preferably, the permeability of the cemented sand is set to be less than or equal to one tenth of the permeability of the simulated oil layer 11, so as to ensure that the cemented sand has a sufficient seepage effect and ensure the oil seepage output speed.
Preferably, the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the inner diameter of the second oil production line 3 is smaller than 3mm, the length of the second oil production line 3 is smaller than or equal to 5mm, after the gas channeling phenomenon occurs, a small amount of oil entering the second oil production line 3 moves in a slug oil column mode under the action of the resistance increasing device 6, continuous slugs are formed in the gas at intervals, the resistance increasing effect is gradually enhanced, and if the inner diameter of the second oil production line 3 is larger than 4mm, adherent oil drops are easily formed in the oil, are separated from the gas and cannot prevent the gas channeling.
Furthermore, as shown in fig. 5, a first valve 21 is disposed on the first oil production line 2, and a second valve 31 is disposed on the second oil production line 3, for controlling oil to be produced from the first oil production line 2 and the second oil production line 3, respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas can realize oil production simulation experiment on a simulated oil layer, so that workers can monitor, analyze and adjust the gas channeling phenomenon and the oil extraction rate in the oil production process of the simulated oil layer, the scheme for reducing the gas channeling phenomenon and improving the oil recovery rate can be conveniently formulated by the workers according to the simulation experiment result, the scheme is applied to actual oil production operation, the oil field production cost is reduced, and the oil yield is improved.
EXAMPLE III
As shown in fig. 6 and 10, the present invention further provides a resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas, which may also be referred to as an "oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas by increasing the oil fluid seepage pressure at the production outlet", specifically, a resistance-increasing device 6 is disposed at the production outlet to increase the pressure of the product in the simulated oil layer 11 leaking to the outside of the production outlet, so that the gas injected into the simulated oil layer 11 is collected inside the simulated oil layer 11, the pressure in the simulated oil layer 11 is maintained, and the gas channeling phenomenon is reduced, that is, the utilization rate of the gas injected into the simulated oil layer 11 is increased, wherein the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas is used to implement the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas according to the first embodiment, and the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas includes:
the sand filling model 1 is characterized in that a simulated oil layer 11 is formed inside the sand filling model 1, a gas injection port 12 is formed in the top of the sand filling model 1 and used for injecting gas into the simulated oil layer 11, and a first production port 13 and a second production port 14 are formed in the position, close to the bottom, of the side wall of the sand filling model 1;
a first oil extraction pipeline 2 is communicated with the first oil extraction outlet 13, and the first oil extraction pipeline 2 is used for performing an oil extraction simulation test for simulating the existing oil extraction process;
a second oil extraction pipeline 3 is communicated with the second oil extraction outlet 14, a resistance increasing device 6 is arranged in the sand filling model 1 at the second oil extraction outlet 14, and the second oil extraction pipeline 3 is used for performing a resistance increasing oil extraction simulation experiment for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas;
the resistance increasing device 6 comprises a hollow cylinder 61, an outlet 612 is formed in one end, facing the second production outlet 14, of the cylinder 61, the outlet 612 is communicated with the second production outlet 14, an inlet 611 is formed in one end, far away from the second production outlet 14, of the cylinder 61, namely, the inlet 611 and the outlet 612 are correspondingly arranged at two ends of the cylinder 61, a resistance increasing plate 63 is arranged inside the cylinder 61, the inside of the cylinder 61 is separated by the resistance increasing plate 63 to form a first cavity 613 and a second cavity 614, the periphery of the resistance increasing plate 63 is tightly attached and contacted with the inside of the cylinder 61, the first cavity 613 and the second cavity 614 are mutually independent, the inlet 611 is communicated with the first cavity 613, the outlet 612 is communicated with the second cavity 614, oil extracted from the simulated oil layer 11 can enter the first cavity 613 through the inlet 611, oil seepage flows through the resistance increasing plate 63 to the second cavity 614 and sequentially flows into the second production line 3 through the outlet 612 and the second production outlet 14, and the resistance increasing plate 63 can increase resistance applied to the oil flowing process.
Preferably, the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas, provided by the invention, is characterized in that the resistance-increasing plate 63 is a sandstone plate, and specifically, the thicker the sandstone plate is, the lower the permeability is, the better the resistance-increasing effect is; in practical design, the permeability of the sandstone plate is less than or equal to one tenth of the permeability of the simulated oil layer 11, so as to ensure that the sandstone plate has sufficient seepage effect and ensure the seepage output speed of oil liquid.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 10, the resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas provided by the present invention, wherein the distance between the surface of the resistance-increasing plate 63 facing the inlet 611 and the inner end surface of the end portion of the cylinder 61 on which the inlet 611 is disposed is less than 5mm, specifically, the smaller the distance between the surface of the resistance-increasing plate 63 facing the inlet 611 and the inner end surface of the end portion of the cylinder 61 on which the inlet 611 is disposed, the better the distance is, and when the distance is greater than 5mm, the smaller the amplitude of the increase in recovery ratio will be;
in addition, the wider the width of the resistance increasing plate 63 (i.e., the dimension of the resistance increasing plate 63 in the direction from the inlet 611 of the cylinder 61 to the outlet 612 of the cylinder 61), the more significant the resistance increasing effect; the distance between the surface of the resistance increasing plate 63 facing the outlet 612 and the inner end surface of the end portion of the cylinder 61 where the outlet 612 is provided is not limited, and it is preferable to save the volume of the resistance increasing device 6
Further, as shown in fig. 7 and 10, the resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment apparatus for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas provided by the present invention, wherein the gas injection port 12 is provided at the center of the top of the sand-packed model 1, a third oil extraction port 15 is provided on the side wall of the other side of the sand-packed model 1 opposite to the first oil extraction port 13 near the bottom thereof, a third oil extraction line 4 is provided at the third oil extraction port 15 in communication, an oil guide line 7 is provided inside the sand-packed model 1, one end of the oil guide line 7 is communicated with the first oil extraction port 13, and the other end of the oil guide line 7 extends to the inlet 611 of the cylinder 61, that is, the heights of the first oil extraction port 13, the second oil extraction port 14 and the third oil extraction port 15 are the same.
At the moment, the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas has two oil production modes for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas;
one of the oil production quantity is that after the oil production operation is carried out through the first oil production outlet 13 to obtain the oil production quantity Vc1, the oil production operation is carried out through the second oil production outlet 14 to obtain the oil production quantity Vr1;
the other one is that after the oil production operation is carried out through the third oil extraction outlet 15 to obtain the oil production Vc3, the oil production operation is carried out through the second oil extraction outlet 14 to obtain the oil production Vr3;
thus, by comparing Vc1 and Vc3, the homogeneity degree of the sand-packed model 1 can be qualitatively evaluated, and the closer the two are, the higher the homogeneity degree is; the effect of improving the recovery ratio can be quantitatively evaluated by comparing Vc1 with Vr1, vc3 with Vr3 respectively.
Furthermore, as shown in fig. 7, in the resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment apparatus for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas, a first valve 21 is arranged on the first oil production line 2, a second valve 31 is arranged on the second oil production line 3, and a third valve 41 is arranged on the third oil production line 4, so that the first oil production line 2, the second oil production line 3 and the third oil production line 4 respectively extract oil.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas can realize oil production simulation experiment on a simulated oil layer, so that workers can monitor, analyze and adjust the gas channeling phenomenon and the oil extraction rate in the oil production process of the simulated oil layer, the scheme for reducing the gas channeling phenomenon and improving the oil recovery rate can be conveniently formulated by the workers according to the simulation experiment result, the scheme is applied to actual oil production operation, the oil field production cost is reduced, and the oil yield is improved.
Example four
As shown in fig. 8 and 9, the present invention further provides a resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas, which may also be referred to as "an oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas by increasing the oil fluid seepage pressure at the extraction outlet", specifically, a resistance-increasing device 6 is disposed at the extraction outlet to increase the pressure of the product in the simulated oil layer 11 leaking to the outside of the extraction outlet, so that the gas injected into the simulated oil layer 11 is collected inside the simulated oil layer 11, the pressure in the simulated oil layer 11 is maintained, and the gas channeling phenomenon is reduced, that is, the utilization rate of the gas injected into the simulated oil layer 11 is increased, wherein the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas is used to implement the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas according to the first embodiment, and the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment apparatus for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas includes:
the simulation test system comprises a sand filling model 1, a simulation oil layer 11 is formed inside the sand filling model 1, a gas injection port 12 is formed in the top of the sand filling model 1 and used for injecting gas into the simulation oil layer 11, a production port 16 is formed in the side wall of the sand filling model 1 and close to the bottom of the sand filling model 1, a production main pipe 5 is communicated with the production port 16, one end of the production main pipe 5, far away from the production port 16, is respectively communicated with a first production branch pipe 52 and a second production branch pipe 53 through a three-way switching valve 51, so that oil in the simulation oil layer 11 is produced through the production port 16 and then enters the first production branch pipe 52 or the second production branch pipe 53 through the three-way switching valve 51, the first production branch pipe 52 is used for simulating an oil production simulation test in the existing oil production process, a resistance increasing device 6 is communicated with the second production branch pipe 53, and the second production branch pipe 53 is used for performing a resistance increasing oil production simulation test for increasing the utilization rate of injected gas;
the resistance increasing device 6 includes a hollow cylinder 61, the cylinder 61 is filled with resistance increasing material 62, one end of the cylinder 61 is formed with an inlet 611 and the other end of the cylinder 61 is formed with an outlet 612, when it is installed, the second branch oil production pipe 53 is divided into a first section and a second section, one end of the first section is communicated with the three-way switching valve 51, the other end of the first section is communicated with the inlet 611 of the cylinder 61, the outlet 612 of the cylinder 61 is communicated with one end of the second section, oil produced from the simulated oil layer 11 can flow from one end (the inlet 611) of the cylinder 61 to the inside of the cylinder 61 along the (the first section of) the second branch oil production pipe 53, oil seeps through the resistance increasing material 62 to the other end (the outlet 612) of the cylinder 61 and returns to the (the second section of) the second branch oil production pipe 53 in the inside of the cylinder 61, the resistance increasing material 62 can increase resistance applied during the oil flow, and it is noted that the resistance increasing material 62 must completely fill the cylinder 61 to prevent the oil from passing through the outlet 612 at the gap between the inlet 62 of the resistance increasing material 61 and the inner wall of the cylinder 61 and the outlet 611.
Further, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, in the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment apparatus for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas provided by the present invention, the cylinder 61 is made of steel, the resistance-increasing material 62 is cemented sand filled in the cylinder 61, the mesh number of sand grains used for the cemented sand, the glue amount and the length of the cemented sand (i.e. the distance between the inlet 611 and the outlet 612 of the cylinder 61) can be flexibly selected according to the actual design, relatively speaking, the lower the permeability of the cemented sand and the longer the length of the cemented sand are, the better the resistance-increasing effect is, and preferably, the permeability of the cemented sand is less than or equal to one tenth of the permeability of the simulated oil layer 11, so as to ensure that the cemented sand has a sufficient seepage effect and ensure the seepage output rate of the oil liquid.
Preferably, the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the inner diameter of the second oil production branch pipe 53 is smaller than 3mm, the length of the second oil production branch pipe 53 is smaller than or equal to 5mm, after the gas channeling phenomenon occurs, a small amount of oil entering the second oil production branch pipe 53 moves in a slug oil column mode under the action of the resistance-increasing device 6, a continuous slug is formed in the gas interval, the resistance-increasing effect is gradually enhanced, and if the inner diameter of the second oil production branch pipe 53 is larger than 4mm, oil drops are easy to adhere to the wall, the oil drops are separated from the gas, and the gas channeling cannot be prevented.
Furthermore, the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas, provided by the invention, is characterized in that a first branch valve 521 is arranged on the first oil production branch 52, and a second branch valve 531 is arranged on the second oil production branch 53, and is used for respectively controlling the oil to be produced from the first oil production branch 52 and the second oil production branch 53.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas can realize oil production simulation experiment on a simulated oil layer, so that workers can monitor, analyze and adjust the gas channeling phenomenon and the oil extraction rate in the oil production process of the simulated oil layer, the scheme for reducing the gas channeling phenomenon and improving the oil recovery rate can be conveniently formulated by the workers according to the simulation experiment result, the scheme is applied to actual oil production operation, the oil field production cost is reduced, and the oil yield is improved.
The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications that can be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention should fall within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (20)
1. A resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method for improving the utilization rate of injected gas is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
injecting gas into the simulated oil layer to enable the gas pressure in the simulated oil layer to reach the initial oil layer pressure, and displacing the oil liquid in the simulated oil layer to seep to the outside of the extraction port by the gas in the simulated oil layer under the action of the initial oil layer pressure;
the production outlet has an initial oil seepage pressure which is less than the initial oil layer pressure;
monitoring the gas production and the oil production at the production outlet;
when the ratio of the gas production rate to the oil production rate is higher than a preset ratio, increasing the initial oil seepage pressure at the production outlet to an increased oil seepage pressure, wherein the increased oil seepage pressure is smaller than the initial oil layer pressure;
the pressure of product in the simulated oil layer leaking to the outside of the extraction outlet is increased by arranging the resistance increasing device at the extraction outlet, so that gas injected into the simulated oil layer is gathered in the simulated oil layer, the pressure in the simulated oil layer is maintained, and the gas channeling phenomenon is reduced;
the resistance increasing device comprises a hollow cylinder body, the interior of the cylinder body is filled with resistance increasing materials, an inlet is formed at one end of the cylinder body, and an outlet is formed at the other end of the cylinder body;
or the resistance increasing device comprises a hollow cylinder body, the inlet and the outlet are correspondingly arranged at two ends of the cylinder body, the resistance increasing plate is arranged in the cylinder body, the inside of the cylinder body is separated into a first cavity and a second cavity through the resistance increasing plate, the periphery of the resistance increasing plate is tightly attached and contacted with the inside of the cylinder body, the first cavity and the second cavity are mutually independent, the inlet is communicated with the first cavity, and the outlet is communicated with the second cavity.
2. The simulated experiment method for increasing the injected gas utilization rate and increasing the resistance of oil production according to claim 1, wherein the monitoring of the gas production and the oil production at the production outlet comprises:
and monitoring the volume ratio of the oil production to the gas production at the extraction outlet under the conditions of normal temperature and normal pressure.
3. The simulated experiment method for increasing the resistance-increasing oil production for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the ratio of the gas production rate to the oil production rate is higher than a predetermined ratio, the step of increasing the initial oil seepage pressure at the production outlet to the increased oil seepage pressure comprises:
when the volume ratio of the gas production rate to the oil production rate is lower than 1000, continuously injecting gas into the simulated oil layer, so that the interior of the simulated oil layer maintains the initial oil layer pressure, and the initial oil seepage pressure is maintained at the production outlet;
and when the volume ratio of the gas production rate to the oil production rate is higher than 1000, stopping injecting gas into the simulated oil layer, increasing the initial oil seepage pressure at the extraction outlet to the improved oil seepage pressure, and then starting injecting gas into the simulated oil layer.
4. The method for simulating an oil production according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method for simulating an oil production according to any one of claims further comprises:
and increasing the initial reservoir pressure in the simulated reservoir to an increased reservoir pressure, wherein the increased reservoir pressure is greater than the increased oil seepage pressure.
5. A simulation test method for increasing the resistivity of oil recovery with increased injected gas utilization as claimed in claim 4, wherein the difference between the increased reservoir pressure and the initial reservoir pressure is less than the difference between the increased oil seepage pressure and the initial oil seepage pressure.
6. The resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas is used for implementing the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and comprises the following components:
the sand filling model is characterized in that a simulated oil layer is formed inside the sand filling model, a gas injection port is formed in the top of the sand filling model, a first production port and a second production port are formed in the side wall of the sand filling model and are close to the bottom of the sand filling model, a first production line is communicated with the first production port, a second production line is communicated with the second production port, a resistor increasing device is communicated with the second production line and comprises a hollow cylinder body, the inside of the cylinder body is filled with a resistor increasing material, oil produced in the simulated oil layer can flow from one end of the cylinder body to the inside of the cylinder body along the second production line, the oil penetrates through the resistor increasing material from the inside of the cylinder body to the other end of the cylinder body and flows back to the second production line, and the resistor increasing material can improve resistance applied to the oil in the flowing process.
7. A simulation experiment device for increasing the resistance of an injected oil production system according to claim 6, wherein the resistance increasing material is a cemented sand body, and the permeability of the cemented sand body is less than or equal to one tenth of the permeability of the simulated oil layer.
8. The simulated experiment device for increasing the resistance oil production and improving the utilization rate of the injected gas as claimed in claim 6, wherein the inner diameter of the second oil production line is less than 3mm, and the length of the second oil production line is less than or equal to 5mm.
9. A resistance-increasing oil recovery simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of injected gas according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein a first valve is arranged on the first oil production line, and a second valve is arranged on the second oil production line.
10. The resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas is used for implementing the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and comprises the following components:
the sand filling model is characterized in that a simulated oil layer is formed inside the sand filling model, a gas injection port is formed in the top of the sand filling model, a first production port and a second production port are formed in the side wall of the sand filling model and close to the bottom of the sand filling model, a first production line is communicated with the first production port, a second production line is communicated with the second production port, a resistance increasing device is arranged in the sand filling model and at the second production port, the resistance increasing device comprises a hollow cylinder body, an outlet is formed in one end of the cylinder body facing the second production port and communicated with the second production port, an inlet is formed in one end of the cylinder body far away from the second production port, a resistance increasing plate is arranged in the cylinder body, the resistance increasing plate separates the cylinder body to form a first cavity and a second cavity, the inlet is communicated with the first cavity, the outlet is communicated with the second cavity, the simulated produced oil can enter the first oil layer cavity from the inlet, and the oil flows into the second cavity, passes through the resistance increasing plate and flows into the second production port in sequence, and the resistance increasing device can be increased in the production process.
11. The simulated experiment device for increasing the resistance of oil production with improved utilization rate of injected gas as claimed in claim 10, wherein the resistance increasing plate is a sandstone plate, and the permeability of the sandstone plate is less than or equal to one tenth of the permeability of the simulated oil layer.
12. A simulated experimental apparatus for increasing the resistance of oil production with improved utilization rate of injected gas as claimed in claim 10, wherein the distance between the surface of one side of the resistance-increasing plate facing the inlet and the inner end surface of the end portion of the cylinder on which the inlet is provided is less than 5mm.
13. The simulated experimental apparatus for increasing the resistance-increasing oil recovery with improved utilization rate of injected gas of claim 10, wherein the gas injection port is opened at the top center of the sand-packed model.
14. The simulated experiment device for increasing the resistance of the injected gas to improve the utilization rate of the injected gas as claimed in any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein a third production outlet is arranged on the side wall of the sand-packed model on the other side opposite to the first production outlet and close to the bottom of the sand-packed model, and a third production line is communicated with the third production outlet.
15. The simulation experiment device for increasing the resistance of the injected gas to improve the utilization rate of the injected gas as recited in claim 14, wherein an oil guide line is arranged inside the sand-packed model, one end of the oil guide line is communicated with the first production outlet, and the other end of the oil guide line extends to the inlet of the cylinder.
16. A simulation experiment device for increasing the resistance of an injected gas to produce oil according to claim 14, wherein a first valve is disposed on the first oil production line, a second valve is disposed on the second oil production line, and a third valve is disposed on the third oil production line.
17. The resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment device for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas is used for implementing the resistance-increasing oil production simulation experiment method for improving the utilization rate of the injected gas according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and comprises the following components:
the sand filling model is characterized in that a simulated oil layer is formed inside the sand filling model, a gas injection port is formed in the top of the sand filling model, a production port is formed in the side wall of the sand filling model and is close to the bottom of the sand filling model, a production main is communicated with the production port, one end, far away from the production port, of the production main is communicated with a first production branch pipe and a second production branch pipe through a three-way change-over valve respectively, a resistance increasing device is communicated with the second production branch pipe and comprises a hollow barrel body, the interior of the barrel body is filled with resistance increasing materials, oil produced in the simulated oil layer can flow to the interior of the barrel body from one end of the barrel body along the second production branch pipe, oil penetrates through the interior of the barrel body and flows to the other end of the barrel body and flows back to the second production branch pipe, and the resistance increasing materials can improve resistance of the oil in the flowing process.
18. A simulation experiment device for increasing the resistivity and oil recovery of improving the utilization rate of injected gas according to claim 17, wherein the resistivity-increasing material is cemented sand, and the permeability of the cemented sand is less than or equal to one tenth of the permeability of the simulated oil layer.
19. The simulated experimental apparatus for increasing the resistivity of oil production with improved injected gas utilization rate of claim 17, wherein the inner diameter of the second production branch is less than 3mm, and the length of the second production branch is less than or equal to 5mm.
20. A simulation experiment device for increasing the resistance of an injected gas to improve the utilization rate of the injected gas as claimed in any one of claims 17 to 19, wherein a first branch valve is provided on the first production branch pipe, and a second branch valve is provided on the second production branch pipe.
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