CN112404800B - Special active agent for magnesium rare earth alloy active tungsten argon arc welding and preparation and use methods thereof - Google Patents

Special active agent for magnesium rare earth alloy active tungsten argon arc welding and preparation and use methods thereof Download PDF

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CN112404800B
CN112404800B CN202011294747.4A CN202011294747A CN112404800B CN 112404800 B CN112404800 B CN 112404800B CN 202011294747 A CN202011294747 A CN 202011294747A CN 112404800 B CN112404800 B CN 112404800B
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rare earth
welding
active agent
earth alloy
arc welding
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CN112404800A (en
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张国庆
吴国华
童鑫
张亮
丁文江
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
    • B23K35/362—Selection of compositions of fluxes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
    • B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
    • B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a special activator for magnesium rare earth alloy active tungsten argon arc welding and a preparation and use method thereof. The special active agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of cadmium chloride, 10-20% of zinc chloride, 5-20% of rare earth chloride, 15-30% of chromium oxide, 5-20% of titanium oxide and 2-10% of grain refiner. Mixing the components in proportion, grinding to form a mixture, and adding acetone into the mixture to form paste; coating the pasty active agent on the surface of a groove to be welded of a magnesium rare earth alloy casting, and carrying out welding by adopting argon tungsten-arc welding of ultrahigh frequency pulse alternating current arc after preheating treatment. The special activator prepared by the invention can inhibit the reaction between the components of the traditional activator and rare earth elements, so that the special activator has the effect of increasing the penetration, is suitable for welding magnesium rare earth alloy plates with large thickness, and has wide application prospect.

Description

Special active agent for magnesium rare earth alloy active tungsten argon arc welding and preparation and use methods thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and relates to a special active agent for magnesium rare earth alloy active tungsten argon arc welding, and a preparation method and a use method thereof. In particular to a magnesium rare earth alloy active tungsten electrode argon arc welding method which can increase the penetration of a magnesium rare earth alloy welding joint by using the active agent on the premise of controlling the welding width in the welding process to be basically unchanged.
Background
As a novel light structural material, the magnesium-rare earth alloy is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, transportation, national defense and military industry and the like at present due to the performance characteristics of low density, high specific strength and rigidity, good electromagnetic shielding property, excellent corrosion resistance and heat resistance and the like. Since the 90 s of the 20 th century, the demand of important equipment fields for light weight is higher and higher, and the application scene of the magnesium rare earth alloy is gradually changed from parts with simpler structures into large-scale complex structural members such as engine casings, missile cabins, satellite supports and the like, so that higher demand is provided for the forming process of the magnesium rare earth alloy complex structural members.
And small and simple castings can be connected by using a welding process, so that the magnesium rare earth alloy component with higher structural complexity is obtained. At present, the welding process suitable for the magnesium rare earth alloy mainly comprises tungsten argon arc welding (TIG welding), consumable electrode argon arc welding, laser welding, electron beam welding, friction stir welding and the like. Compared with advanced welding processes such as laser welding, electron beam welding and the like, the argon tungsten-arc welding has low running cost and equipment cost, and can be manually operated to weld more complicated parts such as cambered surfaces, inner cavities and the like, so the argon tungsten-arc welding has unique technical advantages and is widely applied to the production of large magnesium-rare earth alloy structural members. However, the traditional argon tungsten-arc welding has some problems, such as small fusion depth of a welding joint and large heat affected zone, and welding defects are easily formed to reduce the mechanical property of the joint. And moreover, the weldment with the thickness of more than 3mm needs to be beveled for multi-pass welding, so that the welding efficiency is low.
In order to solve the problems in the traditional argon tungsten-arc welding, a novel welding process, namely, the active argon tungsten-arc welding (A-TIG welding) gradually enters the visual field of people, the active argon tungsten-arc welding is to coat a layer of active agent on the surface of a weldment before welding, and the penetration of a joint is improved through two mechanisms of 'electric arc shrinkage' and 'surface tension'. The 'arc contraction' is the interaction between an active agent and an electric arc, components (such as chloride and fluoride) with boiling points lower than that of a weldment in the active agent are evaporated at high temperature and then are decomposed into atoms through thermal dissociation, the ionization energy of metal atoms is smaller than that of inert gas, and the metal atoms are ionized under a smaller ionization voltage to form a steam electric arc, so that the current density is increased, and the peak temperature of a molten pool is increased to further increase the melting depth; the surface tension is the interaction between an active agent and molten pool metal, a component (such as oxide) with a boiling point higher than that of a weldment in the active agent is changed by changing the temperature tension gradient of the surface of the molten pool, so that the convection direction of the surface tension is reversed from the center of the molten pool to the edge of the molten pool, and the flowing mode of the molten pool is changed, thereby increasing the penetration. The welding process is altered by the interaction of the active agent with the bath metal and the arc. Compared with the traditional argon tungsten-arc welding, the active argon tungsten-arc welding can greatly improve the penetration of a molten pool, and can usually reach about one time.
Found by literature search, single and composite oxidesThe influence of the active agent on the A-TIG welding of the magnesium alloy (the journal of welding 2007; 28 (9): pp 39-42) states that the penetration depth obtained by performing the active argon tungsten-arc welding after coating the composite oxide active agent on the AZ31B magnesium alloy is 2.5 times of that obtained by the conventional argon tungsten-arc welding. CN102689112A discloses a composite activator for AZ31 magnesium alloy active tungsten argon arc welding, which comprises Cr2O3And SiC, the penetration can be improved by 60 percent, and the tensile property can be improved by 30 percent. However, in the magnesium rare earth alloy active tungsten argon arc welding, the core problem is that the alloy is different from the traditional magnesium alloy, and the content of rare earth elements such as Gd, Y and the like in the alloy is high. Although the addition of rare earth elements can improve the mechanical properties of magnesium alloy at room temperature and high temperature, due to the active chemical properties of the rare earth elements, the rare earth elements are easy to be combined with ZnCl in the components of the existing magnesium alloy active agent in the active tungsten argon arc welding process of magnesium rare earth alloy components2、CdCl2And Cr2O3The reaction is carried out, so that the effective components of the active agent are consumed by the reaction to lose the effect of increasing the fusion depth, and meanwhile, the mechanical property of the welding seam is greatly reduced due to the loss of the rare earth element in the fusion area; on the other hand, the chemical compositions of the traditional activator of the magnesium alloy are single, and the two mechanisms of arc contraction and surface tension, which are used for increasing the melting depth of a molten pool through the activator, are not completely utilized. Therefore, the welding flux is suitable for the welding active agent of the traditional magnesium alloy and the active tungsten argon arc welding of the magnesium rare earth alloy at present.
In conclusion, how to inhibit the reaction of the rare earth elements and the active agent components in the active argon tungsten-arc welding process of the magnesium rare earth alloy so as to enable the active agent to exert the effects of increasing the melting depth and reducing the heat affected zone is a difficult problem to be solved urgently, and the main reason is the lack of the active agent special for the magnesium rare earth alloy. Therefore, the development of a special activator for the argon tungsten-arc welding of the magnesium rare earth alloy is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the traditional magnesium alloy argon tungsten-arc welding active agent, the invention provides the special active agent for the magnesium rare earth alloy and the preparation and use methods thereof, which can effectively avoid the reaction of the components in the active agent and rare earth elements, thereby achieving the effects of increasing the fusion depth and reducing the heat affected zone.
The invention provides a special active agent for magnesium rare earth alloy active tungsten argon arc welding, which is prepared from multiple components compared with an active agent applied to the traditional magnesium alloy, wherein the raw material is milled by a ball mill and then added with acetone to form a pasty active agent, the active agent is uniformly coated on the to-be-welded surface of a groove of a casting before welding, and after preheating before welding, the active welding is carried out on the casting by adopting the tungsten argon arc welding of ultrahigh frequency alternating current pulse arc.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a special activator for magnesium rare earth alloy active tungsten argon arc welding, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% cadmium chloride (CdCl)2) 10-20% of zinc chloride (ZnCl)2) 5-20% of rare earth chloride, 15-30% of chromium oxide (Cr)2O3) 5-20% titanium oxide (TiO)2) And 2-10% of grain refiner.
Preferably, the rare earth element used in the rare earth chloride corresponds to a rare earth element contained in the magnesium rare earth alloy base material. Comprises gadolinium chloride (GdCl)3) Yttrium chloride (YCl)3) Neodymium chloride (NdCl)3) And the like.
Preferably, the grain refiner is potassium fluorozirconiumdichloride (K)2ZrF6)。
The special activator adopts a compound formula and is prepared by respectively adding chloride (CdCl)2、ZnCl2Etc.) and oxides (Cr)2O3、TiO2) Comprehensively utilizes two mechanisms of 'electric arc shrinkage' and 'surface tension' of the active tungsten argon arc welding to increase the fusion depth; grain refiner in active agent is potassium zirconium fluoride (K)2ZrF6) Is added in a form that reacts with magnesium as follows: k2ZrF6+2Mg＝Zr+2MgF2+2 KF. The simple substance Zr generated by the reaction can increase the content of the zirconium element in the magnesium alloy, and the purposes of refining the joint structure and improving the mechanical property are achieved, and K2ZrF6Melting point ofHigher. And the activator of the invention is added with rare earth chloride (GdCl)3、YCl3Etc.) to increase its content in the magnesium-rare earth alloy melt, and can react with 2RE +3CdCl2＝2RECl3+3Cd，2RE+3ZnCl2＝2RECl3+3Zn inhibits rightward and ensures CdCl in the active agent2And ZnCl2The effect of increasing the penetration is achieved.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the special active agent for magnesium rare earth alloy active tungsten argon arc welding, which comprises the following steps: preparing raw materials according to the proportion of each component of the cladding agent, then grinding and mixing, adding a solvent into the formed mixture, and uniformly stirring; and (5) obtaining the product. Therefore, the components in the active agent can be uniformly mixed, and the caking in the active agent is avoided, so that the using effect of the active agent is influenced.
Preferably, the solvent is acetone, and the mass ratio of the mixture to the solvent is 1:1-1.5: 1.
The invention also provides a use method of the special active agent for magnesium rare earth alloy active tungsten argon arc welding, which is characterized in that the prepared special active agent is coated on the surface of a groove to be welded of a magnesium rare earth alloy base metal, and then is subjected to preheating treatment at the temperature of 100-plus-150 ℃.
Preferably, the coating density is 100-300mg/cm2This ensures that the active agent covers the entire weld area.
The invention also provides a magnesium rare earth alloy active tungsten argon arc welding method which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. coating the prepared solution on the surface of a groove to be welded of a magnesium rare earth alloy base metal, and then carrying out preheating treatment;
B. and D, performing argon tungsten-arc welding on the groove to be welded after the treatment in the step A.
Preferably, in the step A, the temperature of the preheating treatment is 100-150 ℃, and the preheating time is 10-30 min; the coating density is 100-300mg/cm2. Acetone covered on the surface of the casting can be removed through preheating treatment before welding, the influence on the welding process is prevented, and the casting can be preheated before weldingThe temperature is raised to a certain temperature in advance, so that the welding defects such as cracks and the like formed at an excessively high cooling speed after welding are avoided.
Preferably, in the step B, the welding current waveform of the argon tungsten-arc welding is one of a sine wave, a triangular wave, a square wave or a sawtooth wave, the welding pulse frequency and the welding alternating current frequency are respectively 1000-. Under the process condition, the high-frequency change of the electric arc and the periodic change of the welding current can lead the active agent to be fully and uniformly distributed in the molten pool by disturbing the molten pool, and avoid the agglomeration of the active agent components in the welding joint to form inclusions.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the invention adopts a plurality of components to form the compound active agent, and comprehensively utilizes two mechanisms of 'arc disturbance' and 'surface tension' for increasing the fusion depth.
2) The invention adds rare earth chloride into the activator, which can inhibit the reaction of rare earth elements in the magnesium rare earth alloy and components contained in the traditional magnesium alloy activator, so that the special activator of the invention is better suitable for the magnesium rare earth alloy.
3) The invention also makes the activator fully and evenly distributed in the molten pool through preheating before welding and ultrahigh frequency pulse current, thereby improving the using effect of the special activator.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Taking Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr (wt%) magnesium rare earth alloy casting as an example (wt% refers to the percentage of the components in the total mass of the prepared magnesium alloy) to carry out active tungsten argon arc welding.
The magnesium rare earth alloy tungsten electrode argon arc welding active agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% cadmium chloride (CdCl)2) 10% Zinc chloride (ZnCl)2) 15% gadolinium chloride (GdCl)3) 5% Yttrium chloride (YCl)3) 30% chromium oxide (Cr)2O3) 18% titanium oxide (TiO)2) 2% potassium fluorozirconate (K)2ZrF6)。
The production method of the magnesium rare earth alloy active tungsten argon arc welding active agent comprises the following steps: the raw materials are prepared according to the proportion, then put into a ball mill to be fully milled and mixed into powder, and then acetone is added into the mixture according to the mass ratio of 1:1 and stirred uniformly to prepare the pasty active agent.
The magnesium rare earth alloy active tungsten argon arc welding method comprises the following steps:
coating the pasty active agent prepared by the method on the surface to be welded of the groove of the magnesium rare earth alloy casting by using a flat brush, wherein the coating density is 100mg/cm2. Then preheating at 100 ℃ for 10min to volatilize acetone;
and performing active tungsten argon arc welding on the preheated groove to be welded. The current waveform adopted by the welding is square wave, the pulse frequency is 1000Hz, the alternating current frequency is 10Hz, the welding base value current is 50A, and the peak value current is 60A.
Under the welding condition, compared with a welding joint obtained by directly performing argon tungsten-arc welding without coating an active agent, the fusion width of the welding joint coated with the active agent is not obviously changed, and the fusion depth is improved by 124%. Sampling test is carried out on the active welding joint area, and the room temperature tensile strength of the welding area reaches 91% of that of Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr (wt%) low-pressure sand casting, and the elongation reaches 95% of that of the casting, so that the performance requirement of service is met.
Example 2
Taking Mg-4Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.5Zr (wt%) magnesium rare earth alloy casting as an example (wt% refers to the percentage of the components in the total mass of the prepared magnesium alloy) to carry out active argon tungsten-arc welding.
Magnesium rare earth alloy tungsten electrode argon arc welding active agent component (mass hundred)Fraction): 25% cadmium chloride (CdCl)2) 15% Zinc chloride (ZnCl)2) 8% yttrium chloride (YCl)3) 4% Neodymium chloride (NdCl)3) 2% gadolinium chloride (GdCl)3) 25% chromium oxide (Cr)2O3) 15% titanium oxide (TiO)2) 6% Potassium fluorozirconate (K)2ZrF6)。
The production method of the magnesium rare earth alloy active tungsten argon arc welding active agent comprises the following steps: the raw materials are prepared according to the proportion, then put into a ball mill to be fully milled and mixed into powder, and then acetone is added into the mixture according to the mass ratio of 1.3:1 and stirred uniformly to prepare the pasty active agent.
The magnesium rare earth alloy active tungsten argon arc welding method comprises the following steps:
coating the pasty active agent prepared by the method on the surface to be welded of the groove of the magnesium rare earth alloy casting by using a flat brush, wherein the coating density is 200mg/cm2. Then preheating for 20min before welding at 120 ℃ to volatilize acetone.
And performing active tungsten argon arc welding on the preheated groove to be welded. The current waveform adopted by the welding is sine wave, the pulse frequency is 10000Hz, the alternating current frequency is 50Hz, the welding base value current is 140A, and the peak value current is 160A.
Under the welding condition, compared with a welding joint obtained by directly performing argon tungsten-arc welding without coating an active agent, the fusion width of the welding joint coated with the active agent is not obviously changed, and the fusion depth is improved by 110%. Sampling test is carried out on the active welding joint area, and the room temperature tensile strength of the welding area reaches 93 percent of that of Mg-4Y-2Nd-1Gd-0.5Zr (wt%) of a low-pressure sand casting, and the elongation reaches 94 percent of that of the casting, so that the performance requirement of service is met.
Example 3
Taking Mg-5Y-2.5Nd-1Gd-0.5Zr (wt%) magnesium rare earth alloy casting as an example (wt% refers to the percentage of the components in the total mass of the prepared magnesium alloy) to carry out active argon tungsten-arc welding.
The magnesium rare earth alloy tungsten electrode argon arc welding active agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20% cadmium chloride (CdCl)2) 10% Zinc chloride (ZnCl)2)、5% yttrium chloride (YCl)3) 3% Neodymium chloride (NdCl)3) 2% gadolinium chloride (GdCl)3) 30% chromium oxide (Cr)2O3) 20% titanium oxide (TiO)2) 10% potassium fluorozirconinate (K)2ZrF6)。
The production method of the magnesium rare earth alloy active tungsten argon arc welding active agent comprises the following steps: the raw materials are prepared according to the proportion, then put into a ball mill to be fully milled and mixed into powder, and then acetone is added into the mixture according to the mass ratio of 1.5:1 and stirred uniformly to prepare the pasty active agent.
The magnesium rare earth alloy active tungsten argon arc welding method comprises the following steps:
coating the pasty active agent prepared by the method on the surface to be welded of the groove of the magnesium rare earth alloy casting by using a flat brush, wherein the coating density is 300mg/cm2. Then preheating for 30min before welding at 150 ℃ to volatilize acetone.
And performing active tungsten argon arc welding on the preheated groove to be welded. The current waveform adopted by the welding is triangular wave, the pulse frequency is 20000Hz, and the alternating current frequency is 100 Hz. The base welding current was 220A and the peak current was 250A.
Under the welding condition, compared with a welding joint obtained by directly performing argon tungsten-arc welding without coating an active agent, the fusion width of the welding joint coated with the active agent is not obviously changed, and the fusion depth is improved by 93 percent. Sampling test is carried out on the active welding joint area, and the room temperature tensile strength of the welding area reaches 89% of that of Mg-5Y-2.5Nd-1Gd-0.5Zr (wt%), the elongation reaches 97% of that of the casting, and the performance requirement of service is met.
Example 4
The active agent production and use methods described in this example are essentially the same as in example 1, except that: the composition ratio of the active agent is different, and the composition and the mass percentage of the active agent components in the embodiment are as follows: 30% cadmium chloride (CdCl)2) 20% Zinc chloride (ZnCl)2) 3% gadolinium chloride (GdCl)3) 2% yttrium chloride (YCl)3) 15% chromium oxide (Cr)2O3) 20% titanium oxide (TiO)2) 10% potassium fluorozirconate (K)2ZrF6)。
After all welding processes are finished, compared with a welding joint obtained by directly performing argon tungsten-arc welding without coating an active agent, the fusion width of the welding joint coated with the active agent is not obviously changed, and the fusion depth is improved by 103%. Sampling test is carried out on the active welding joint area, and the room temperature tensile strength of the welding area reaches 88% of that of Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr (wt%) low-pressure sand casting, and the elongation reaches 96% of that of the casting, so that the performance requirement of service is met.
Example 5
The active agent production and use methods described in this example are essentially the same as in example 1, except that: the composition ratio of the active agent is different, and the composition and the mass percentage of the active agent components in the embodiment are as follows: 30% cadmium chloride (CdCl)2) 20% Zinc chloride (ZnCl)2) 10% gadolinium chloride (GdCl)3) 5% Yttrium chloride (YCl)3) 25% chromium oxide (Cr)2O3) 5% titanium oxide (TiO)2) 5% Potassium fluozirconate (K)2ZrF6)。
After all welding processes are finished, compared with a welding joint obtained by directly performing argon tungsten-arc welding without coating an active agent, the fusion width of the welding joint coated with the active agent is not obviously changed, and the fusion depth is improved by 122%. Sampling test is carried out on the active welding joint area, and the room temperature tensile strength of the welding area reaches 92% of that of Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr (wt%) low-pressure sand casting, and the elongation reaches 96% of that of the casting, so that the performance requirement of service is met.
Comparative example 1
The process for the production and use of the active agent described in this comparative example was essentially the same as in example 1, with the active agent ingredient ratios remaining unchanged, except that: the active agent component does not contain gadolinium chloride (GdCl)3) And yttrium chloride (YCl)3) The active agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 25% cadmium chloride (CdCl)2) 12.5% Zinc chloride (ZnCl)2) 37.5% chromium oxide (Cr)2O3) 22.5% titanium oxide (TiO)2) 2.5% of potassium fluorozirconate (K)2ZrF6)。
After all welding processes are finished, compared with the argon tungsten-arc welding joint without coating the active agent, the fusion width of the welding joint coated with the active agent is not obviously changed, and the fusion depth is improved by 32%. The melting depth increasing effect is not obvious, so that the requirement of practical application is not met.
Despite the presence of cadmium chloride (CdCl) in the active agent2) Chromium oxide (Cr)2O3) The conventional magnesium alloy can greatly improve the melting depth, but because the components are easy to react with rare earth elements and lack corresponding inhibition mechanisms, the activator is difficult to well exert the effect of increasing the melting depth of the argon tungsten-arc welding. Therefore, a certain amount of rare earth chloride is required to be added into the special activator for the magnesium rare earth alloy to inhibit the reaction between the rare earth element and the activator component.
Comparative example 2
The process for the production and use of the active agent described in this comparative example was essentially the same as in example 1, with the active agent ingredient ratios remaining unchanged, except that: after the active agent is coated, acetone is volatilized without preheating before welding, and welding is directly carried out.
After all welding processes are finished, compared with a welding joint formed by directly performing argon tungsten-arc welding without coating an active agent, the fusion width of the welding joint coated with the active agent is not obviously changed, and the fusion depth is improved by 13%. The melting depth increasing effect is not obvious, so that the requirement of practical application is not met.
Because acetone is not volatilized before welding, the acetone is cracked under the action of high temperature during argon tungsten-arc welding to form mixed gas containing carbon monoxide, ethylene and the like, and the interaction between the active agent and the electric arc is further influenced.
Comparative example 3
The process for the production and use of the active agent described in this comparative example was essentially the same as in example 1, with the active agent ingredient ratios remaining unchanged, except that: during the active tungsten argon arc welding, the conventional alternating current is selected instead of the ultrahigh frequency pulse current.
After all welding processes are finished, active agent inclusion is detected in the welding joint coated with the active agent, so that the mechanical property of the welding joint is reduced, and the requirement of practical application is not met.
Because the active agent components are not acted by the ultrahigh frequency pulse current, segregation of the active agent components is formed in a molten pool, and inclusions are formed in a welding seam area of a welding joint.
Comparative example 4
The process for the production and use of the active agent described in this comparative example is essentially the same as in example 1, the ingredients of the active agent differing from those of example 1 only in that: the content of rare earth chloride is 25 percent, and the content of cadmium chloride is 15 percent; the active agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 15% cadmium chloride (CdCl)2) 10% Zinc chloride (ZnCl)2) 20% gadolinium chloride (GdCl)3) 5% Yttrium chloride (YCl)3) 30% chromium oxide (Cr)2O3) 18% titanium oxide (TiO)2) 2% potassium fluorozirconate (K)2ZrF6)。
After all welding processes are finished, compared with a welding joint formed by directly performing argon tungsten-arc welding without coating an active agent, the fusion width of the welding joint coated with the active agent is not obviously changed, and the fusion depth is improved by 53%. The melting depth increasing effect is not obvious, so that the requirement of practical application is not met.
Because the rare earth chloride has a high boiling point, the effect of increasing the melting depth cannot be better achieved through an arc contraction mechanism, and the using effect of the activator can be weakened when the content of the rare earth chloride in the activator is too high.
Comparative example 5
The process for the production and use of the active agent described in this comparative example is essentially the same as in example 1, the ingredients of the active agent differing from those of example 1 only in that: potassium fluozirconate is not added, and the content of cadmium chloride is 22 percent; the active agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 22% cadmium chloride (CdCl)2) 10% Zinc chloride (ZnCl)2) 15% gadolinium chloride (GdCl)3) 5% chlorinationYttrium (YCl)3) 30% chromium oxide (Cr)2O3) 18% titanium oxide (TiO)2)。
After all welding processes are finished, compared with a welding joint formed by directly performing argon tungsten-arc welding without coating an active agent, the fusion width of the welding joint coated with the active agent is not obviously changed, and the fusion depth is improved by 104%. Sampling test is carried out on the active welding joint area, and the room temperature tensile strength of the welding area reaches 67 percent of that of Mg-10Gd-3Y-0.5Zr (wt%) low-pressure sand casting, the elongation reaches 80 percent of that of the casting, and the service performance requirement is not met.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.

Claims (8)

1. The special activator for magnesium rare earth alloy active tungsten argon arc welding is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of cadmium chloride, 10-20% of zinc chloride, 5-20% of rare earth chloride, 15-30% of chromium oxide, 5-20% of titanium oxide and 2-10% of grain refiner;
the rare earth chloride adopts rare earth elements of which the types correspond to those contained in the magnesium rare earth alloy parent metal;
the grain refiner is potassium zirconium fluoride.
2. The preparation method of the special active agent for magnesium rare earth alloy active argon tungsten-arc welding according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps of: preparing raw materials according to the proportion of each component of the special active agent, then grinding and mixing, adding a solvent into the formed mixture, and uniformly stirring; and (5) obtaining the product.
3. The preparation method of the special active agent for magnesium rare earth alloy active argon tungsten-arc welding according to claim 2, wherein the solvent is acetone, and the mass ratio of the mixture to the solvent is 1:1-1.5: 1.
4. A use method of a special active agent for magnesium rare earth alloy active argon tungsten-arc welding is characterized in that the special active agent prepared in the claim 2 is coated on the surface of a groove to be welded of a magnesium rare earth alloy base metal, and then is subjected to preheating treatment at the temperature of 100 ℃ plus 150 ℃.
5. The method for using the active agent for magnesium rare earth alloy active argon tungsten-arc welding as claimed in claim 4, wherein the coating density is 100-300mg/cm2。
6. The magnesium rare earth alloy active tungsten argon arc welding method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
A. preparing raw materials according to the proportion of each component of the special active agent as claimed in claim 1, then grinding and mixing, adding a solvent into the formed mixture, and uniformly stirring;
B. coating the solution prepared in the step A on the surface of a groove to be welded of a magnesium rare earth alloy base metal, and then carrying out preheating treatment;
C. and D, performing argon tungsten-arc welding on the groove to be welded after the treatment in the step B.
7. The magnesium rare earth alloy active argon tungsten-arc welding method according to claim 6, wherein in the step A, the solvent is acetone, and the mass ratio of the mixture to the solvent is 1:1-1.5: 1;
in the step B, the temperature of the preheating treatment is 100-150 ℃, and the preheating time is 10-30 min; the coating density is 100-300mg/cm2。
8. The magnesium rare earth alloy active argon tungsten-arc welding method of claim 6, wherein in step C, the welding current waveform of the argon tungsten-arc welding is one of sine wave, triangular wave, square wave or sawtooth wave, the welding pulse frequency and the welding AC frequency are respectively 1000-20000Hz and 10-100Hz, the welding base current and the welding peak current are both 50-250A, and the welding base current is 10-30A less than the welding peak current.
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CN1041789A (en) * 1988-10-07 1990-05-02 北京科技大学 Embedding co-cementation of al and rare-earth alloy powders
CN103846573A (en) * 2013-11-04 2014-06-11 长春工程学院 Environment-friendly activating agent applicable for welding of die-casting magnesium alloy
CN109807495A (en) * 2017-11-20 2019-05-28 内蒙古工业大学 A kind of efficient A-TIG Welding for Titanium Alloy, which connects, uses activating agent
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