CN112396306B - Hierarchical water distribution method and system based on space-time water quantity balance of ecological gate - Google Patents

Hierarchical water distribution method and system based on space-time water quantity balance of ecological gate Download PDF

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CN112396306B
CN112396306B CN202011247403.8A CN202011247403A CN112396306B CN 112396306 B CN112396306 B CN 112396306B CN 202011247403 A CN202011247403 A CN 202011247403A CN 112396306 B CN112396306 B CN 112396306B
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严冬
孙怀卫
陈林
刘颉
鲁梦格
王艺洁
宋亮
蔺子琪
曹磊
王随玲
赵冰茜
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Abstract

The invention discloses a hierarchical water distribution method and a system based on space-time water quantity balance of an ecological gate, wherein the method comprises the following steps: classifying all ecological gates according to the water shortage degree and the rotation irrigation period, distributing water to the classified ecological gates according to levels, and determining the highest water distribution level and the water supply level of each level; grading the ecological gates participating in water distribution by adopting ecological sensitivity indexes; setting a water quantity permission coefficient of each ecological gate participating in water distribution according to the water supply level and the divided grades; and the actual water distribution amount of each ecological gate participating in water distribution under different water incoming conditions is solved by taking the maximization of the total ecological benefits of water distribution at different levels as an objective. Therefore, the method can carry out overall distribution on the limited water resources according to the water demand degree, the benefit return and the like of a plurality of gates so as to obtain the maximized ecological benefit, can provide decision support for relevant management organizations, and has important significance for improving the utilization rate of the water resources in the water-deficient areas.

Description

Hierarchical water distribution method and system based on space-time water quantity balance of ecological gate
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of efficient utilization of water resources and environmental protection, and particularly relates to a hierarchical water distribution method and system based on space-time water quantity balance of an ecological gate.
Background
In wide arid areas of China, river water is a main source of industrial, agricultural and ecological water, but the amount of water reserved for ecological water supplement in a drainage basin after river water meets the requirements of industrial and agricultural water is very limited. When ecological water is supplemented in a part of watershed, apart from depending on the leakage of main stream of a river channel, a gate specially used for ecological water supplement is built along the river channel to introduce the main stream river water into the channel, and underground water is supplemented through the leakage along the channel and the infiltration of water flowing out from an outlet and then supplied to the vegetation on the river bank for utilization. How to reasonably distribute limited water resources to generate maximum ecological benefit is a practical problem to be solved.
In the existing related schemes, research focuses on distributing the water quantity of different water main bodies, for example, in the method disclosed in the Chinese invention patent (CN201910488384.9), a configuration thought of production, life and ecological water of inland river basin is provided, but the method does not relate to the distribution method of water quantity among gates with the same purpose; on the other hand, when the water demand of the river reach is calculated by the existing method, the hydrologic site is mostly used as a reference section for calculation, and the water demand calculated by the method is too macroscopic and is difficult to guide fine scheduling; in the method disclosed in the chinese invention patent (CN201810729786.9), the method of calculating the ecological water demand of river reach after segmenting the river course according to the geographical position of the gate dam is proposed, but no specific method of water distribution is mentioned.
In view of the current situation, how to arrange the diversion amount of each gate in a large number of gates is an urgent problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a hierarchical water distribution method and system based on space-time water quantity balance of an ecological gate, and aims to solve the technical problem that the water demand calculated by the existing water distribution method is too macroscopic to guide fine scheduling.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a hierarchical water distribution method based on space-time water quantity balance of an ecological gate, which comprises the following steps: s1: calculating the water demand of each ecological gate water diversion benefit area and the unit ecological benefit of water distribution of each ecological gate based on the vegetation type and area of each ecological gate water diversion benefit area and the water supply amount of different vegetation; s2: dividing all ecological gates into M types according to the water shortage degree, wherein M is determined by the rotation irrigation age limit; s3: distributing water to the classified M ecological gates according to levels; determining the highest water distribution level and the water supply level of each level according to the inflow amount converted to the reference section of the river reach to be decided and the maximum water distribution amount of each layer of secondary state gate; s4: dividing ecological gates participating in water distribution into N grades by adopting ecological sensitivity indexes, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 3; s5: according to the water supply level and the grade divided in the step S4, setting a water quantity permission coefficient of each ecological gate participating in water distribution, so as to determine the water distribution quantity constraint of each ecological gate participating in water distribution; s6: and under the condition that the constraint condition of the step S5 is met, solving the actual water distribution amount of each ecological gate participating in water distribution under different incoming water conditions by taking the maximum total ecological benefit of water distribution at different levels as a target.
Further, in step S1, the water demand of each ecological gate water diversion benefit area is as follows:
Figure BDA0002770495310000021
wherein d isiRepresenting the water demand (m) of the ith ecological gate water diversion benefit area3) (ii) a iu represents the vegetation type in the range of the water diversion benefit area of the ecological gate; v. ofiNumber of representative vegetation types; m isiuRepresentative vegetation area (hm)2)；wiuRepresenting annual water supply amount (m) of vegetation3/hm2)；
The unit ecological benefits of water distribution of each ecological gate are as follows:
Figure BDA0002770495310000022
wherein p isiRepresents the unit ecological benefit (Yuan/m) of the water distribution of the ith ecological gate3)；piuRepresenting the ecological value per unit area (Yuan/hm)2)；θiuRepresenting a value correction factor.
Further, in step S2, the water shortage degree is:
Figure BDA0002770495310000031
wherein, wsiActual water diversion amount for the last year; divide into all ecological gates into M class according to the water shortage degree includes:
si>0 is a first ecological gate marked as g 1;
-1<sithe second type of ecological gate is marked as g2 when the number is less than or equal to 0;
-2<siless than or equal to-1 is a third ecological gate which is marked as g 3;
……
siless than or equal to- (M-2) is an M type ecological gate and is marked as gM;
wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 4.
Further, in step S3, the step of hierarchically distributing water to the classified M-class ecological gates includes:
the first-level water distribution target meets the one-year water shortage on the g1 ecological gate;
the second level water distribution target meets the water demand of the ecological gates of g1 and g2 in the year;
……
the M-1 level water distribution target meets the water shortage of the ecological gates of g1, g2, … … and g (M-1) class in M-3 years;
in step S3, determining the highest water distribution level and the water supply levels of each level according to the inflow amount converted to the reference section of the river reach to be decided and the maximum water distribution amount of each level of secondary state gates, including:
if the water inflow is less than or equal to the maximum water distribution amount of the first level, the highest water distribution level l max1, and the water supply level
Figure BDA0002770495310000032
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002770495310000033
if the water inflow is more than the maximum water distribution quantity of the first level and less than or equal to the sum of the maximum water distribution quantities of the first level and the second level, the highest water distribution level lmax2 and water supply level c1＝1，
Figure BDA0002770495310000034
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002770495310000041
……
if the water inflow amount is more than the sum of the maximum water distribution amounts of the first, second, … … and M-1 levels, the highest water distribution level lmaxM-1; and the water supply level c1＝1，c2＝1，……，
Figure BDA0002770495310000042
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure BDA0002770495310000043
wherein f represents the conversion of a certain period to a river to be decidedThe water inflow amount of the section reference section; dg andM-1the maximum water distribution amount g of the M-1 level ecological gate1＝g1，g2＝g1∪g2，……，gM-1＝g1∪g2∪……∪g(M-1)；
Figure BDA0002770495310000044
The maximum water distribution amount of the ith ecological gate at the M-1 level is obtained; alpha is alphaiRepresenting the water delivery efficiency from the reference section to the section of the ecological gate.
Further, the step S4 includes:
dividing the ecological gate participating in water distribution into three grades of EWS1, EWS2 and EWS3 according to the absolute value of the ecological sensitivity coefficient of less than or equal to 0.5, more than 0.5 and less than 2, more than or equal to 2;
wherein the ecological susceptibility coefficient is:
Figure BDA0002770495310000045
wherein y represents the number of years, m represents the number of years,
Figure BDA0002770495310000046
representing the average value of NDVI of the ecological gate water diversion benefit area y in 6-10 months in year,
Figure BDA0002770495310000047
the actual water diversion amount of the ith ecological gate in the y year is shown.
Further, in step S5, the water distribution constraint is:
Figure BDA0002770495310000048
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002770495310000049
when the water distribution level is l, the actual water distribution amount of the ith ecological gate is represented;
Figure BDA00027704953100000410
when the water distribution level is l, the maximum water distribution amount of the ith ecological gate is represented;
Figure BDA00027704953100000411
respectively setting the lowest and highest water quantity permission coefficients of the first level water distribution;
the water amount permission coefficient decreases as the water supply level decreases, and the degree of decrease increases as the absolute value of the ecological susceptibility coefficient increases.
Further, in the step S6, the total ecological benefit O is:
Figure BDA0002770495310000051
Figure BDA0002770495310000052
wherein l represents a water distribution level; o islRepresenting the ecological benefit of the first-level water distribution;
Figure BDA0002770495310000053
representing the water distribution quantity of the ecological gate i at the l level as a decision variable; glRepresenting an ecological gate participating in the first-level water distribution; NDVIiRepresenting the NDVI average value of the water diversion benefit area of the ecological gate i; p is a radical ofiRepresents the unit ecological benefit of water distribution of the ith ecological gate.
The invention provides a layered water distribution system based on space-time water quantity balance of an ecological gate, which comprises:
the calculation module is used for calculating the water demand of each ecological gate water diversion benefit area and the unit ecological benefit of water distribution of each ecological gate based on the vegetation type and area of each ecological gate water diversion benefit area and the water supply amount of different vegetation;
the first classification module is used for classifying all ecological gates into M types according to the water shortage degree, wherein M is determined by the rotation irrigation age limit;
the water distribution level determining module is used for distributing water to the classified M ecological gates according to levels; determining the highest water distribution level and the water supply level of each level according to the inflow amount converted to the reference section of the river reach to be decided and the maximum water distribution amount of each layer of secondary state gate;
the second classification module is used for dividing the ecological gates participating in water distribution into N grades by adopting ecological sensitivity indexes, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 3;
the constraint module is used for setting a water quantity permission coefficient of each ecological gate participating in water distribution according to the water supply level and the grade divided by the second classification module, so that the water distribution quantity constraint of each ecological gate participating in water distribution is determined;
and the output module is used for solving the actual water distribution amount of each ecological gate participating in water distribution under different incoming water conditions by taking the maximization of the total ecological benefits of the water distribution in different levels as a target under the condition of meeting the constraint conditions set by the constraint module.
Further, the water demand of each ecological gate water diversion benefit area is as follows:
Figure BDA0002770495310000061
wherein d isiRepresenting the water demand (m) of the ith ecological gate water diversion benefit area3) (ii) a iu represents the vegetation type in the range of the water diversion benefit area of the ecological gate; v. ofiNumber of representative vegetation types; m isiuRepresentative vegetation area (hm)2)；wiuRepresenting annual water supply amount (m) of vegetation3/hm2)；
The unit ecological benefits of water distribution of each ecological gate are as follows:
Figure BDA0002770495310000062
wherein p isiRepresents the unit ecological benefit (Yuan/m) of the water distribution of the ith ecological gate3)；piuRepresenting the ecological value per unit area (Yuan/hm)2)；θiuRepresenting the value correction factor.
Further, the water shortage degree is as follows:
Figure BDA0002770495310000063
wherein wsiThe actual water diversion quantity of the last year;
divide into all ecological gates into M class according to the water shortage degree includes:
si>0 is a first ecological gate marked as g 1;
-1<sithe second type ecological gate is marked as g2 when the value is less than or equal to 0;
-2<siless than or equal to-1 is a third ecological gate which is marked as g 3;
……
siless than or equal to- (M-2) is an M type ecological gate and is marked as gM;
wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 4.
Generally, by the above technical solution conceived by the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be obtained:
the method comprises the steps of classifying all ecological gates through water shortage degrees and rotation irrigation years, distributing water to the classified ecological gates according to levels, and determining the highest water distribution level and the water supply level of each level according to the inflow amount converted to a reference section of a river section to be decided and the maximum water distribution amount of each level of secondary state gates; grading the ecological gates participating in water distribution by adopting ecological sensitivity indexes; setting a water quantity permission coefficient of each ecological gate participating in water distribution according to the water supply level and the divided grades, and accordingly determining water distribution quantity constraint of each ecological gate participating in water distribution; and solving the actual water distribution amount of each ecological gate participating in water distribution under different incoming water conditions by taking the maximization of the total ecological benefits of water distribution at different levels as an objective. Therefore, the method can carry out overall distribution on the limited water resources according to the water demand degree, the benefit return and the like of a plurality of gates so as to obtain the maximized ecological benefit, can provide decision support for relevant management organizations, and has important significance for improving the utilization rate of the water resources in the water-deficient areas.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a hierarchical water distribution method based on space-time water quantity balance of an ecological gate, provided by the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a value range of a water volume permission coefficient under different water supply conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention, where an abscissa represents the water supply condition and an ordinate represents the water volume permission coefficient.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification may be combined in any suitable manner to form various embodiments. Also, the various steps or actions in the description of the methods may be transposed or transposed in order, as will be apparent to a person skilled in the art. Thus, the various sequences in the specification and drawings are for the purpose of describing certain embodiments only and are not intended to imply a required sequence unless otherwise indicated where such sequence must be followed. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a hierarchical water distribution method based on space-time water quantity balance of an ecological gate, which comprises the following steps:
s1: calculating the water demand of each ecological gate water diversion benefit area and the unit ecological benefit of water distribution of each ecological gate based on the vegetation type and area of each ecological gate water diversion benefit area and the water supply amount of different vegetation;
specifically, the water demand of each ecological gate water diversion benefit area is as follows:
Figure BDA0002770495310000081
wherein d isiRepresenting the water demand (m) of the ith ecological gate water diversion benefit area3) (ii) a iu represents the vegetation type in the range of the water diversion benefit area of the ecological gate; v. ofiNumber of representative vegetation types; m isiuRepresentative vegetation area (hm)2)；wiuRepresenting annual water supply amount (m) of vegetation3/hm2)；
The unit ecological benefits of water distribution of each ecological gate are as follows:
Figure BDA0002770495310000082
wherein p isiRepresents the unit ecological benefit (yuan/m) of the water distribution of the ith ecological gate3)；piuRepresenting the ecological value per unit area (Yuan/hm)2)；θiuRepresenting the value correction factor.
When classifying vegetation, the vegetation may be classified into a type such as a wooded land, a sparsely-cut land, a high-coverage grassland, and a low-coverage grassland, based on vegetation coverage.
S2: dividing all ecological gates into M types according to the water shortage degree, wherein M is determined by the rotation irrigation age limit;
it should be noted that, in practical application, the rotation irrigation age limit is generally 3 years or 5 years, and accordingly, all the ecological gates can be classified into 4 types or 6 types.
Specifically, the water shortage degree is used for measuring the soil water storage level of each ecological gate water diversion benefit area before the current water diversion decision, and is represented as follows:
Figure BDA0002770495310000083
wherein, wsiThe actual water diversion quantity of the last year;
divide into all ecological gates into M class according to the water shortage degree includes:
si>0 is a first ecological gate marked as g 1;
-1<sithe second type of ecological gate is marked as g2 when the number is less than or equal to 0;
-2<siless than or equal to-1 is the third categoryThe ecological gate is marked as g 3;
……
siless than or equal to- (M-2) is an M type ecological gate and is marked as gM;
wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 4.
S3: distributing water to the classified M ecological gates in layers; determining the highest water distribution level and the water supply level of each level according to the inflow amount converted to the reference section of the river reach to be decided and the maximum water distribution amount of each layer of secondary state gate;
specifically, the classified M-type ecological gates are distributed according to levels, and the method comprises the following steps:
the first-level water distribution target meets the one-year water shortage on the g1 ecological gate;
the second level water distribution target meets the water demand of the ecological gates of the g1 and the g2 in the year;
……
the M-1 level water distribution target meets the water shortage of the ecological gates of g1, g2, … … and g (M-1) class in M-3 years;
determining the highest water distribution level and the water supply level of each level according to the inflow amount converted to the reference section of the river reach to be decided and the maximum water distribution amount of each layer of secondary state gate, and the method comprises the following steps:
if the water inflow is less than or equal to the maximum water distribution amount of the first level, the highest water distribution level l max1, and the water supply level
Figure BDA0002770495310000091
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002770495310000092
if the water inflow is more than the maximum water distribution quantity of the first level and less than or equal to the sum of the maximum water distribution quantities of the first level and the second level, the highest water distribution level lmax2 and water supply level c1＝1，
Figure BDA0002770495310000093
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002770495310000094
……
if the water amount is more than the sum of the maximum water distribution amounts of the first, second, … … and M-1 levels, the highest water distribution level lmax(ii) M-1; and the water supply level c1＝1，c2＝1，……，
Figure BDA0002770495310000095
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002770495310000096
wherein f represents the inflow amount converted to the reference section of the river reach to be decided at a certain period; dg andM-1the maximum water distribution amount g of the M-1 level ecological gate1＝g1，g2＝g1∪g2，……，gM-1＝g1∪g2∪……∪g(M-1)；
Figure BDA0002770495310000101
The maximum water distribution amount of the ith ecological gate at the M-1 level is calculated; alpha is alphaiRepresenting the water delivery efficiency from the reference section to the section of the section where the ecological gate is located.
S4: dividing ecological gates participating in water distribution into N grades by adopting ecological sensitivity indexes, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 3;
specifically, taking N as an example, dividing an ecological gate participating in water distribution into three grades, namely EWS1, EWS2 and EWS3, according to the absolute value of the ecological susceptibility coefficient of less than or equal to 0.5, greater than 0.5 and less than 2, and greater than or equal to 2;
wherein the ecological susceptibility coefficient is:
Figure BDA0002770495310000102
wherein y represents the number of years, m represents the number of years,
Figure BDA0002770495310000103
representing ecologyNDVI average value of the gate water diversion benefit area y in 6-10 months in year,
Figure BDA0002770495310000104
the actual water diversion amount of the ith ecological gate in the y year is shown.
S5: setting a water quantity permission coefficient of each ecological gate participating in water distribution according to the water supply level and the grade divided in the step S4, thereby determining the water distribution quantity constraint of each ecological gate participating in water distribution;
specifically, the water distribution amount constraint is as follows:
Figure BDA0002770495310000105
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0002770495310000106
when the water distribution level is l, the actual water distribution amount of the ith ecological gate is represented;
Figure BDA0002770495310000107
when the water distribution level is l, the maximum water distribution amount of the ith ecological gate is represented;
Figure BDA0002770495310000108
respectively setting the lowest and highest water quantity permission coefficients of the first level water distribution;
the water amount permission coefficient decreases as the water supply level decreases, and the degree of decrease increases as the absolute value of the ecological susceptibility coefficient increases; meanwhile, the water quantity permission coefficient under any water supply condition is to ensure that all the water supply is distributed without shortage and surplus.
S6: and under the condition that the constraint condition of the step S5 is met, solving the actual water distribution amount of each ecological gate participating in water distribution under different incoming water conditions by taking the maximum total ecological benefit of water distribution at different levels as a target.
Specifically, the total ecological benefit O is:
Figure BDA0002770495310000111
Figure BDA0002770495310000112
wherein l represents a water distribution level; o islRepresenting the ecological benefit of the first-level water distribution;
Figure BDA0002770495310000113
representing the water distribution quantity of the ecological gate i at the l level as a decision variable; glRepresenting an ecological gate participating in the first-level water distribution; NDVIiRepresenting the average value of NDVI of the water diversion benefit area of the ecological gate i; p is a radical of formulaiRepresents the unit ecological benefit of water distribution of the ith ecological gate.
The invention also provides a layered water distribution system based on space-time water quantity balance of the ecological gate, which comprises:
the calculation module is used for calculating the water demand of each ecological gate water diversion benefit area and the unit ecological benefit of water distribution of each ecological gate based on the vegetation type and area of each ecological gate water diversion benefit area and the water supply amount of different vegetation;
the first classification module is used for classifying all ecological gates into M types according to the water shortage degree, wherein M is determined by the rotation irrigation age limit;
the water distribution level determining module is used for distributing water to the classified M ecological gates according to levels; determining the highest water distribution level and the water supply level of each level according to the inflow amount converted to the reference section of the river reach to be decided and the maximum water distribution amount of each level of secondary state gate;
the second classification module is used for dividing the ecological gates participating in water distribution into N grades by adopting ecological sensitivity indexes, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 3;
the constraint module is used for setting a water quantity permission coefficient of each ecological gate participating in water distribution according to the water supply level and the grade divided by the second classification module, so that the water distribution quantity constraint of each ecological gate participating in water distribution is determined;
and the output module is used for solving the actual water distribution amount of each ecological gate participating in water distribution under different incoming water conditions by taking the maximization of the total ecological benefits of the water distribution in different levels as a target under the condition of meeting the constraint conditions set by the constraint module.
The following describes a specific implementation process of the present invention by using an application example: the Tarim river main flow basin is positioned at the edge of the north of the Takrama dry desert in northwest China, the rainfall of the middle and downstream areas of the main flow is very little, and the incoming water of the main flow is the main water source for the middle and downstream industrial, agricultural and ecological water. The bulk of the incoming dry water is used by the irrigation agriculture in the midstream region, and the remaining water is needed to satisfy both the riparian vegetation and the ecological water requirements of the downstream tail lakes. Besides supplying water needed by the riparian vegetation by means of leakage of the main stream river channel, the main stream river water is introduced into a channel behind the gate through a gate for ecological water supplement along the river, and regional underground water is supplemented in modes of leakage along the channel, surface flooding and the like for the vegetation. How to distribute limited ecological water among a plurality of gates and determine the water diversion amount of each gate is the key of supplying water for the river bank vegetation, and the problem to be solved is urgent.
In the area of the main flow upstream and midstream needing planning, 47 ecological gates are distributed along the river and used for guiding water from the river channel to meet the requirements of vegetation ecological water in the area of the two banks. According to the collected vegetation type data, water supply quota and ecological value of unit area of the water diversion benefit area, annual water demand of different gates can be calculated, the water shortage degree indexes of the gates are calculated by combining the previous year water supply condition, the gates are classified according to the water shortage degree indexes, and if M is 4, the result is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 Gate Classification
Figure BDA0002770495310000121
The classified gates of different types are distributed hierarchically, and the maximum water distribution target (the ratio of the maximum water distribution of the hierarchy to the annual ecological water demand) of each hierarchy is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 maximum water distribution target calculation formula for various gates at different levels
Figure BDA0002770495310000131
According to table 2, the maximum water distribution calculation formula of each gate at different levels is as follows:
Figure BDA0002770495310000132
Figure BDA0002770495310000133
Figure BDA0002770495310000134
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002770495310000135
and
Figure BDA0002770495310000136
respectively representing the maximum water distribution amount of the first, second and third levels of the ecological gate i.
Highest level of water distribution at a certain periodmaxExpressed) is determined according to the relation between the water inflow of the dry flow Alar section of the Tahe at the time and the maximum water distribution of each gate of each hierarchy, and the determination formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0002770495310000137
after the highest water distribution level is calculated, the corresponding water supply level is calculated according to the following formula, namely the cumulative value of the water quantity available for the ecological gate to quote on the Arale section in a certain period, and the calculation result is shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 Water supply levels at different water supply levels
Figure BDA0002770495310000138
In order to reflect the difference of different gates in the aspect of water distribution guarantee degree, the diversion quantity constraint is formulated for each ecological gate:
Figure BDA0002770495310000141
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002770495310000142
respectively representing the lowest water quantity permission coefficient and the highest water quantity permission coefficient of the water distribution of the ith level of the gate i. The invention divides the ecological gate into three levels, and then determines the lowest and highest water volume permission coefficients of the gates of all levels.
And the ecological sensitivity index is used as a grade division index of the ecological water distribution gate. For sluice gate i, its ecological sensitivity index betaiComprises the following steps:
Figure BDA0002770495310000143
wherein y represents years, m represents years,
Figure BDA0002770495310000144
representing the NDVI average value of the gate water diversion benefit area in 6-10 months;
Figure BDA0002770495310000145
the actual water diversion amount of the annual gate is shown (because the midstream precipitation amount is extremely small, the river course water can be regarded as the only water source of the midstream vegetation). Beta | (B)iThe larger the | is, the more sensitive the NDVI in the beneficial area of the gate diversion is to the diversion quantity of the gate; otherwise, it is not sensitive. And calculating to obtain the ecological sensitivity coefficient value of each gate by adopting the NDVI average value of 2016-2018 in 6-10 months and the actual water diversion amount data of the gate. According to the standards of ecological sensitivity coefficient value less than or equal to 0.5, more than 0.5 and less than 2, more than or equal to 2, the gate which participates in water distributionThe division into three levels is respectively represented by the EWS1, the EWS2 and the EWS 3.
The NDVI value of the target area is calculated by analyzing satellite data of the water diversion benefit area:
Figure BDA0002770495310000146
in the formula, NIR is a near infrared band; red is a Red light band.
The water quantity permission coefficients of the three grade gates are set according to the following principle: 1)
Figure BDA0002770495310000147
water supply level according to level IlDecreasing and descending, wherein the speed of the EWS3 level gate is fastest, and the EWS1 class is slowest; 2) a certain clThe range of water volume allowance factors under the value should ensure that the water volume to be distributed can be completely distributed without remaining. We firstly designed the EWS3 level gate a according to the 1 st principlei、biThen designing the EWS1 and EWS2 stage gate a according to the 2 nd principlei、biThe formula for calculating the allowable water amount coefficient is shown in table 4, and the range of the allowable water amount coefficient defined according to the above-mentioned rule is shown in fig. 2.
TABLE 4 Water yield allowance coefficient calculation formula
Figure BDA0002770495310000151
Ecological water distribution objective the ecological benefits O to maximize water distribution at each level are:
Figure BDA0002770495310000152
Figure BDA0002770495310000153
wherein l represents a water distribution level; o islRepresenting the ecological benefit of the first-level water distribution;
Figure BDA0002770495310000154
representing the water distribution quantity of the ecological gate i at the l level as a decision variable; glRepresenting an ecological gate participating in the first-level water distribution; NDVIiRepresenting the NDVI average value of the water diversion benefit area of the ecological gate i, and counting the NDVI average value of each ecological gate in 2018 in 6-10 months by using the MODIS-NDVI data (the time scale is 16 days, and the spatial resolution is 250m) of the downstream of the Tarim river; p is a radical ofiRepresents the unit ecological benefit of water distribution of the ith ecological gate.
According to the reference, the ecological value per unit area of the solvonic and wooded land is 302$/hm2The ecological value per unit area of the low-coverage grassland and the high-coverage grassland is 232$/hm2The converted RMB is 2023 yuan/hm respectively21554 yuan/hm2. According to the reference, the value correction factors for the open, wooded, low and high cap grasses are 0.7, 1.5, 0.5 and 1.5, respectively.
After the objective function O is set, the water quantity permission coefficient in the figure 2 is taken as a constraint condition, and the actual water distribution quantity of each gate under a certain water condition can be solved by utilizing the matlab and other calculation software in a linear programming mode.
The division of each module in the hierarchical water distribution system based on ecological gate space-time water quantity balance is only used for illustration, and in other embodiments, the hierarchical water distribution system based on ecological gate space-time water quantity balance can be divided into different modules as required to complete all or part of the functions of the device.
It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, so that various changes, modifications and substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A hierarchical water distribution method based on ecological gate space-time water quantity balance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: calculating the water demand of each ecological gate water diversion benefit area and the unit ecological benefit of water distribution of each ecological gate based on the vegetation type and area of each ecological gate water diversion benefit area and the water supply amount of different vegetation;
s2: dividing all ecological gates into M types according to the water shortage degree, wherein M is determined by the rotation irrigation age limit;
s3: distributing water to the classified M ecological gates in layers; determining the highest water distribution level and the water supply level of each level according to the inflow amount converted to the reference section of the river reach to be decided and the maximum water distribution amount of each layer of secondary state gate;
s4: dividing ecological gates participating in water distribution into N grades by adopting ecological sensitivity indexes, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 3;
s5: setting a water quantity permission coefficient of each ecological gate participating in water distribution according to the water supply level and the grade divided in the step S4, thereby determining the water distribution quantity constraint of each ecological gate participating in water distribution;
s6: and under the condition that the constraint condition of the step S5 is met, solving the actual water distribution amount of each ecological gate participating in water distribution under different incoming water conditions by taking the maximum total ecological benefit of water distribution at different levels as a target.
2. The method for hierarchical water distribution based on ecological sluice space-time water quantity equalization as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S1,
the water demand of each ecological gate water diversion benefit area is as follows:
Figure FDA0002770495300000011
wherein d isiRepresenting the water demand (m) of the ith ecological gate water diversion benefit area3) (ii) a iu represents the vegetation type in the range of the ecological gate water diversion benefit area; v. ofiA number of representative vegetation types; m isiuRepresentative vegetation area (hm)2)；wiuRepresentative annual water supply amount (m) of vegetation3/hm2)；
The unit ecological benefits of water distribution of each ecological gate are as follows:
Figure FDA0002770495300000021
wherein p isiRepresents the unit ecological benefit (yuan/m) of the water distribution of the ith ecological gate3)；piuRepresenting the ecological value per unit area (Yuan/hm)2)；θiuRepresenting the value correction factor.
3. The method for hierarchical water distribution based on ecological sluice space-time water quantity equalization as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S2,
the water shortage degree is as follows:
Figure FDA0002770495300000022
wherein, wsiActual water diversion amount for the last year;
divide into all ecological gates into M class according to the water shortage degree includes:
si>0 is a first ecological gate marked as g 1;
-1<sithe second type of ecological gate is marked as g2 when the number is less than or equal to 0;
-2<siless than or equal to-1 is a third ecological gate which is marked as g 3;
……
si(M-2) is a No. M ecological gate and is marked as gM;
wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 4.
4. The hierarchical water distribution method based on ecological gate space-time water quantity balance is characterized in that,
in step S3, the step of hierarchically distributing water to the classified M-class ecological gates includes:
the first-level water distribution target meets the requirement of one-year water shortage on the g1 ecological gate;
the second level water distribution target meets the water demand of the ecological gates of g1 and g2 in the year;
……
the M-1 level water distribution target meets the water shortage of M-3 years under g1, g2, … … and g (M-1) ecological gates;
in step S3, determining the highest water distribution level and the water supply levels of each level according to the inflow amount converted to the reference section of the river reach to be decided and the maximum water distribution amount of each level of secondary state gates, including:
if the water inflow is less than or equal to the maximum water distribution amount of the first level, the highest water distribution level lmax1, and the water supply level
Figure FDA0002770495300000031
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002770495300000032
if the water inflow is more than the maximum water distribution quantity of the first level and less than or equal to the sum of the maximum water distribution quantities of the first level and the second level, the highest water distribution level lmax2 and water supply level c1＝1，
Figure FDA0002770495300000033
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002770495300000034
……
if the water inflow amount is more than the sum of the maximum water distribution amounts of the first, second, … … and M-1 levels, the highest water distribution level lmaxM-1; and the water supply level c1＝1，c2＝1，……，
Figure FDA0002770495300000035
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002770495300000036
wherein, f represents the water inflow converted to the reference section of the river reach to be decided at a certain period; dg andM-1the maximum water distribution amount g of the M-1 level ecological gate1＝g1，g2＝g1∪g2，……，gM-1＝g1∪g2∪……∪g(M-1)；
Figure FDA0002770495300000037
The maximum water distribution amount of the ith ecological gate at the M-1 level is obtained; alpha is alphaiRepresenting the water delivery efficiency from the reference section to the section of the ecological gate.
5. The hierarchical water distribution method based on ecological gate space-time water quantity equalization according to claim 4, wherein the step S4 includes:
dividing the ecological gate participating in water distribution into three grades of EWS1, EWS2 and EWS3 according to the absolute value of the ecological sensitivity coefficient of less than or equal to 0.5, more than 0.5 and less than 2, more than or equal to 2;
wherein the ecological susceptibility coefficient is:
Figure FDA0002770495300000038
wherein y represents the number of years, m represents the number of years,
Figure FDA0002770495300000039
representing the average value of NDVI of the ecological gate water diversion benefit area y in 6-10 months in year,
Figure FDA00027704953000000310
the actual water diversion amount of the ith ecological gate in the y year is shown.
6. The hierarchical water distribution method based on ecological gate space-time water quantity balance is characterized in that in the step S5, the water distribution quantity constraint is as follows:
Figure FDA0002770495300000041
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002770495300000042
when the water distribution level is l, the actual water distribution amount of the ith ecological gate is represented;
Figure FDA0002770495300000043
when the water distribution level is l, the maximum water distribution amount of the ith ecological gate is represented;
Figure FDA0002770495300000044
respectively setting the lowest and highest water quantity permission coefficients of the first level water distribution;
the water amount permission coefficient decreases as the water supply level decreases, and the degree of decrease increases as the absolute value of the ecological susceptibility coefficient increases.
7. The layered water distribution method based on ecological gate space-time water quantity balance is characterized in that in the step S6, the total ecological benefit O is as follows:
Figure FDA0002770495300000045
Figure FDA0002770495300000046
wherein l represents a water distribution level; o islRepresenting the ecological benefit of the first-level water distribution;
Figure FDA0002770495300000047
representing the water distribution amount of the ecological gate i at the l level as a decision variable; glRepresenting an ecological gate participating in the first-level water distribution; NDVIiRepresenting the average value of NDVI of the water diversion benefit area of the ecological gate i; p is a radical ofiRepresents the unit ecological benefit of water distribution of the ith ecological gate.
8. The utility model provides a hierarchical water distribution system based on ecological gate space-time water yield is balanced which characterized in that includes:
the calculation module is used for calculating the water demand of each ecological gate water diversion benefit area and the unit ecological benefit of water distribution of each ecological gate based on the vegetation type and area of each ecological gate water diversion benefit area and the water supply amount of different vegetation;
the first classification module is used for classifying all ecological gates into M types according to the water shortage degree, wherein M is determined by the rotation irrigation age limit;
the water distribution level determining module is used for distributing water to the classified M ecological gates according to levels; determining the highest water distribution level and the water supply level of each level according to the inflow amount converted to the reference section of the river reach to be decided and the maximum water distribution amount of each layer of secondary state gate;
the second classification module is used for dividing the ecological gates participating in water distribution into N grades by adopting ecological sensitivity indexes, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 3;
the constraint module is used for setting a water quantity permission coefficient of each ecological gate participating in water distribution according to the water supply level and the grade divided by the second classification module, so that the water distribution quantity constraint of each ecological gate participating in water distribution is determined;
and the output module is used for solving the actual water distribution amount of each ecological gate participating in water distribution under different incoming water conditions by taking the maximization of the total ecological benefits of the water distribution in different levels as a target under the condition of meeting the constraint conditions set by the constraint module.
9. The hierarchical water distribution system based on ecological gate space-time water quantity equalization as claimed in claim 8,
the water demand of each ecological gate water diversion benefit area is as follows:
Figure FDA0002770495300000051
wherein d isiRepresenting the water demand (m) of the ith ecological gate water diversion benefit area3) (ii) a iu represents the vegetation type in the range of the water diversion benefit area of the ecological gate; v. ofiNumber of representative vegetation types; m isiuRepresentative vegetation area (hm)2)；wiuRepresenting annual water supply amount (m) of vegetation3/hm2)；
The unit ecological benefits of water distribution of each ecological gate are as follows:
Figure FDA0002770495300000052
wherein p isiRepresents the unit ecological benefit (Yuan/m) of the water distribution of the ith ecological gate3)；piuRepresenting the ecological value per unit area (Yuan/hm)2)；θiuRepresenting a value correction factor.
10. The hierarchical water distribution system based on ecological gate space-time water quantity equalization as claimed in claim 9,
the water shortage degree is as follows:
Figure FDA0002770495300000053
wherein, wsiThe actual water diversion quantity of the last year;
divide into all ecological gates into M class according to the water shortage degree includes:
si>0 is a first ecological gate marked as g 1;
-1<sithe second type ecological gate is marked as g2 when the value is less than or equal to 0;
-2<siless than or equal to-1 is a third type ecological gate which is marked as g3；
……
siLess than or equal to- (M-2) is an M type ecological gate and is marked as gM;
wherein M is an integer greater than or equal to 4.
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