CN113269438A - Ecological water right space-time configuration method and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological water right space-time configuration method and system, wherein the method comprises the following steps: constructing an ecological network in a to-be-decided area, and carrying out ecological gate water right grade division based on the ecological network; in the current water distribution year, determining the maximum water distribution amount of each ecological gate under the current water right level according to the water shortage degree of the ecological gates in the rotation irrigation period; distributing water to the ecological gates under each water right level by combining the residual ecological available water quantity of the current year; in the next water distribution year, if the water right grades which are not completely met exist, water is distributed to the water right grades firstly, then water is distributed grade by grade, and otherwise, water is distributed from the water right grade with the highest priority. Therefore, the ecological water supply method and the ecological water supply system use the ecological network to distinguish the importance of ecological water supply in different areas, thereby dividing the water right level of the ecological gate, and finally realizing the engineering application of the ecological water right through the time sequence distribution and the equal level distribution of the ecological water right, and can provide scientific guidance for the configuration of the ecological water right in arid areas and water-deficient areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of efficient utilization of water resources and ecological restoration, and particularly relates to an ecological water right space-time configuration method and system.
Background
The ecological water right configuration is based on the calculation of ecological water demand, and water rights are given to various types of ecological water inside and outside the river channel of the watershed. In the existing part of research, when the ecological water right is configured, the spatial scale is usually measured in watershed, the time scale is measured in years (the time scale is consistent with the ecological water demand calculation time scale), and the ecological water right configuration result is a partial macroscopic description of the ecological water right condition of the watershed. Due to the large space scale, the ecological water right quantity is difficult to match with the water coming from the basin and the ecological water demand condition, and the achievement distance still has a gap in guiding the actual ecological water supply. Therefore, ecological water right configuration is required to be carried out on a smaller space scale, and water distribution and scheduling of a specific gate can be guided on the premise of adapting to water supply change of a basin and ecological water demand characteristics.
The configuration of the ecological water right is different from the industrial, agricultural and domestic water rights under the influence of the water-using characteristics of the ecological system. Firstly, different from agricultural water right configuration by taking years or seasons as a period, the vegetation of an ecological water right configuration object has strong drought resistance, the water period is required to be years, and an ecological system can adapt to the shortage and abundance of water resources by adjusting the ecological water right configuration object, so that the ecological water right has certain elasticity in water supply quantity and time, does not need to reach a specified value in a certain period (such as one year and one season) like the industrial and agricultural water right, and can reach the standard only in a longer period (such as years). Secondly, there are differences in the importance of species protection and maintenance of the ecosystems in different regions within the basin, which means that there should be differences in the priority of the ecological water rights of different sites, and like the distribution of the water rights of agriculture and industry, the ecological water rights allocation also takes into account the ecological benefits of water supply. The method has practical significance for drought and water-deficient areas.
The coastal vegetation of rivers in arid areas is the key to stabilize local ecosystems. At present, rotation irrigation is carried out on the coastal vegetation at intervals of several years according to the water supply period of a researched river and the water use characteristics of the vegetation. It can be seen that the ecological water right has certain elasticity in the quantity and time of water supply due to the natural rhythm of the ecological system and the adaptability to the water condition. In scientific research and practice of ecological water supply management of rivers in arid regions, no specific method or rule for rotation irrigation is formed, and fine management on the water supply sequence and quantity of gates is not performed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides an ecological water right space-time configuration method and system, and aims to solve the technical problems that the spatial scale and the time scale of the research related to the ecological water right configuration are macroscopic, so that the practical ecological water supply is difficult to guide, the adaptability of drought vegetation in drought conditions and the coherence among ecological systems are neglected, and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides an ecological water right space-time configuration method, which comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing an ecological network in a to-be-decided area, and dividing all ecological gates into N water right levels based on the ecological network, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 3;
s2: in the current water distribution year, determining the maximum water distribution amount of each ecological gate under the current water right level according to the water shortage degree of the ecological gates in the rotation irrigation period;
s3: if the remaining ecological available water amount in the current year is greater than or equal to the sum of the maximum water distribution amounts of all the ecological gates in the current water right level, distributing water according to the maximum water distribution amount by all the ecological gates in the current water right level, and then distributing the ecological gates in the next water right level until all the ecological gates in all the water right levels are distributed; otherwise, the water quantity permission coefficients of all the ecological gates under the current water weight level are taken as constraints, and the maximum ecological benefit is taken as a target, so that all the ecological gates under the current water weight level are distributed;
s4: in the next water distribution year, if the water right grades which are not completely met exist, water is distributed to the water right grades which are not completely met, and then water is distributed grade by grade; otherwise, water is distributed from the water right grade with the highest priority.
Further, the method further comprises: after water distribution is completed in a rotation irrigation period, water is distributed from the water right grade with the highest priority.
And further, constructing an ecological network in the area to be decided according to the ecological corridor construction method.
Further, the water shortage degree of the ecological gate in the rotation irrigation period is expressed as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
representing the water shortage degree of the ith ecological gate in the current water distribution year, l representing the current water distribution year, k representing the current water right grade, and gkRepresenting the gate to which the ecological water right of the current level belongs, x representing the rotation period, diRepresenting the annual water demand of the vegetation in the water supply area of the ith ecological gate,
the total amount of ecological water distribution for the gate i since the last water distribution and in the last year is finished;
wherein, the annual water demand d of vegetation in the water supply area of the ith ecological gateiExpressed as:
in the formula, iu represents the vegetation type in the range of the ecological gate water diversion benefit area, viNumber of representative vegetation types, eiuRepresenting the area of vegetation, wiuRepresenting the annual water supply credit of the vegetation.
Further, for
The ecological gate does not distribute water in the current year; for the
The ecological gate participates in water distribution in the current year, and the maximum water distribution amount is
In another aspect, the present invention provides an ecological water right space-time configuration system, including:
the system comprises a grade division module, a decision-making module and a decision-making module, wherein the grade division module is used for constructing an ecological network in a to-be-decided area and dividing all ecological gates into N water right grades based on the ecological network, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 3;
the first water distribution module is used for determining the maximum water distribution amount of each ecological gate under the current water weight grade according to the water shortage degree of the ecological gate in the rotation irrigation period in the current water distribution year; if the remaining ecological available water amount in the current year is greater than or equal to the sum of the maximum water distribution amounts of all the ecological gates in the current water right level, distributing water according to the maximum water distribution amount by all the ecological gates in the current water right level, and then distributing the ecological gates in the next water right level until all the ecological gates in all the water right levels are distributed; otherwise, the water quantity permission coefficients of all the ecological gates under the current water weight level are taken as constraints, and the maximum ecological benefit is taken as a target, so that all the ecological gates under the current water weight level are distributed;
the second water distribution module is used for distributing water to the water right grades which are not completely met and distributing water grade by grade if the water right grades which are not completely met exist in the next water distribution year; otherwise, water is distributed from the water right grade with the highest priority.
And further, after water distribution is finished in one rotation irrigation period, water is distributed from the water right grade with the highest priority.
And further, constructing an ecological network in the area to be decided according to the ecological corridor construction method.
Further, the water shortage degree of the ecological gate in the rotation irrigation period is expressed as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
representing the water shortage degree of the ith ecological gate in the current water distribution year, l representing the current water distribution year, k representing the current water right grade, and gkRepresenting the gate to which the ecological water right of the current level belongs, x representing the rotation period, diRepresenting the annual water demand of the vegetation in the water supply area of the ith ecological gate,
the total amount of ecological water distribution for the gate i since the last water distribution and in the last year is finished;
wherein, the annual water demand d of vegetation in the water supply area of the ith ecological gateiExpressed as:
in the formula, iu represents the vegetation type in the range of the ecological gate water diversion benefit area, viNumber of representative vegetation types, eiuRepresenting the area of vegetation, wiuRepresenting the annual water supply credit of the vegetation.
Further, for
The ecological gate does not distribute water in the current year; for the
The ecological gate participates in water distribution in the current year, and the maximum water distribution amount is
Generally, by the above technical solution conceived by the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be obtained:
(1) the method constructs an ecological network in a to-be-decided area, and carries out ecological gate water right grade division based on the ecological network; in the current water distribution year, determining the maximum water distribution amount of each ecological gate under the current water right level according to the water shortage degree of the ecological gates in the rotation irrigation period; distributing water to the ecological gates under each water right level by combining the residual ecological available water quantity of the current year; in the next water distribution year, if the water right grades which are not completely met exist, water is distributed to the water right grades firstly, then water is distributed grade by grade, and otherwise, water is distributed from the water right grade with the highest priority. Therefore, the ecological water supply method and the ecological water supply system use the ecological network to distinguish the importance of ecological water supply in different areas, thereby dividing the water right level of the ecological gate, and finally realizing the engineering application of the ecological water right through the time sequence distribution and the equal level distribution of the ecological water right, and can provide scientific guidance for the configuration of the ecological water right in arid areas and water-deficient areas.
(2) According to the invention, after water distribution is finished in a rotation irrigation period, water distribution is carried out from the water right grade with the highest priority, namely when a certain round of water distribution continues to the x-th year after the beginning (x is the rotation irrigation period, the beginning year of the certain round of water distribution is the 1 st year) and all grades of water rights can not be completely met after the available water quantity in the year is used up, the water distribution in the round is forcibly ended, the next round of water distribution is directly started in the x +1 year, the water supply in important ecological regions is preferentially met, and the requirements of practical application are better met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for space-time allocation of ecological water right provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the allowable range of water volume for each level of water right;
FIG. 3 is a sequence diagram of water availability of vegetation of reference section and a water distribution wheel diagram of two water distribution processes;
4(a) and 4(b) show the water distribution results of No. 1 water right No. 6 gate under two water distribution processes;
FIGS. 5(a) and 5(b) show the water distribution results of No. 4-1 water right 10 gate under two water distribution processes;
fig. 6 shows the cumulative ecological water demand guarantee for a typical gate at x ═ 5 for two distribution flowsheets.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. The features, operations, or characteristics described in the specification may be combined in any suitable manner to form various embodiments. Also, the various steps or actions in the method descriptions may be transposed or transposed in order, as will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, the various sequences in the specification and drawings are for the purpose of describing certain embodiments only and are not intended to imply a required sequence unless otherwise indicated where such sequence must be followed. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides an ecological water right space-time configuration method, including the following steps:
s1: constructing an ecological network in a to-be-decided area, and dividing all ecological gates into N water right levels based on the ecological network, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 3;
specifically, the ecological network analysis method is to describe a complex ecological system into a network composed of different nodes and paths, and on the basis, the interaction of internal components is analyzed, and the function and structure of the system are quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed from the overall perspective. When the ecological network is constructed, a certain specific animal species widely distributed on both banks is selected as a construction object of the ecological network, and generally, a buffer zone is established by taking a place with the highest occurrence frequency of the animal as a center and is intersected with different land utilization types to obtain an area suitable for the species to live. The area is intersected with the high vegetation index area to obtain a habitat, and is intersected with the higher vegetation index area to obtain the stepping stone. And (5) extracting habitat and stepping stones in the target drainage basin by artificially combining small patches and processing boundary lines. Setting resistance values of various land types according to an ecological corridor construction method, and then generating an ecological corridor by using the habitat and the stepping stone as sources by using a minimum accumulated resistance model.
The ecological network composition reflects the relative importance of each ecological gate water supply area. Therefore, the gates composed of ecological networks including habitats, stepping stones, galleries and the like in the water supply area are respectively set to have the priority levels of ecological water right of 1, 2 and 3 (the priority level is higher when the number is smaller), all the gates including the habitats are divided into 1 level, all the gates including the stepping stones but not including the habitats are divided into 2 levels, and all the gates including the galleries are divided into 3 levels; and setting the priority level of the ecological water right of the water supply area as the level 4 for the gate which does not comprise any ecological network.
S2: in the current water distribution year, determining the maximum water distribution amount of each ecological gate under the current water right level according to the water shortage degree of the ecological gates in the rotation irrigation period;
s3: if the remaining ecological available water amount in the current year is greater than or equal to the sum of the maximum water distribution amounts of all the ecological gates in the current water right level, distributing water according to the maximum water distribution amount by all the ecological gates in the current water right level, and then distributing the ecological gates in the next water right level until all the ecological gates in all the water right levels are distributed; otherwise, the water quantity permission coefficients of all the ecological gates under the current water weight level are taken as constraints, and the maximum ecological benefit is taken as a target, so that all the ecological gates under the current water weight level are distributed;
s4: in the next water distribution year, if the water right grades which are not completely met exist, water is distributed to the water right grades which are not completely met, and then water is distributed grade by grade; otherwise, water is distributed from the water right grade with the highest priority.
Specifically, the ecological water right time sequence distribution is to distribute water to each gate level by level from the highest priority water right, and the total ecological water right x.d of each gate is distributed in x yearsi. It is aA periodic dynamic process that varies with water conditions. According to different rotation irrigation principles, the following 2 water distribution processes are designed:
(1) according to the sequence of 1 level, 2 level, 3 level and 4 level, after the ecological water right with high priority is completely met, water is distributed to the next level of ecological water right; the above steps are repeated in a circulating way. At this time, the configuration process is as follows:
1) and in the current water distribution year, determining the maximum water distribution amount of each gate in the current year according to the water shortage degree of the gate to which the ecological water right of the current level belongs. For the gate i, the water shortage degree is as follows:
wherein, l represents the current water distribution year, k represents the current level of ecological water right, and gkRepresenting the gate to which the ecological water right of the current level belongs,
the water content is represented by the degree of water shortage,
total ecological water distribution (m) to the sluice i since the last distribution, by the last year (continuous without interruption from the last distribution year to the last year)3)。
The gate of (a) is provided,
has been greater than or equal to xdiTherefore, the gate does not need to be distributed with water in the current year;
the gate of (1) participates in water distribution in the current year and maximum water distribution amount (for use)
Is represented by) is
Wherein, the annual water demand d of vegetation in the water supply area of the ith ecological gateiExpressed as:
in the formula, iu represents the vegetation type in the range of the ecological gate water diversion benefit area, viNumber of representative vegetation types, eiuRepresenting the area of vegetation, wiuRepresenting the annual water supply credit of the vegetation.
2) Before the k-th level water right is distributed, calculating the remaining ecological available water quantity of the current year:
wherein V represents the available water volume of the residual vegetation on the current annual reference section, glRepresenting a gate participating in the water distribution of the current year that has been scheduled for water supply,
indicating the amount of water dispensed in the current year, flRepresenting the available total water volume of the vegetation of the current annual reference section; alpha is alphaiRepresenting the water delivery efficiency from the reference section to the section of the ecological gate.
If the remaining vegetation has available water, that is
(
Representing the gates participating in water distribution in the current year in the kth level water right), distributing water according to the maximum water distribution amount by each gate, and then distributing the kth +1 level water right until all levels of water rights are distributed; if the available water of the residual vegetation is insufficient, namely V<
Then the method of equal-level ecological water right distribution is adopted to distribute V to
And after the distribution is finished, the current annual water distribution process is also finished.
3) In the next water distribution year, if the water right grades which are not completely met exist, water is distributed to the water right grades which are not completely met, and then water is distributed grade by grade; otherwise, water is distributed from the water right grade with the highest priority.
Further, as for the equal-level ecological water right distribution method mentioned in 2), the following detailed description is made:
and for the ecological water right of the same level, distributing water quantity among the ecological gates of the same level according to the difference of the service values of the ecological systems in the water supply area. The water distribution target is to maximize the ecological benefit of water distribution:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
as decision variable, representing the water distribution (m) of the gate in the current year3)；piRepresenting ecosystem service value (yuan/m) of single water3) Calculated as follows:
in which iu represents the vegetation type, diRepresenting the annual water demand (m) of vegetation in the water supply area of the gate3)，piuRepresents the ecological value per unit area ($/hm)2)；θiuRepresenting the value correction factor. The ecological value of different vegetation types in unit area can be determined according to the specific conditions of the research area.
The total water distribution amount of each gate is equal to the available water amount of the residual vegetation on the reference section:
in order to reflect the difference of different gates in the aspect of water right guarantee degree, upper and lower limit constraints of water distribution are set for water rights of all levels:
in the formula, ai、biRespectively representing the lowest and highest water volume permission factors. The water quantity permission coefficient of each level of water weight is changed according to the satisfaction degree of the available water quantity (see the formula 8), and is set according to the following principle: a) a isi、biDecreases as the value of c decreases; b) a of high priority gate at the same value of ci、biGreater than the low priority gate; c) the range of the water volume allowance factor at a certain value c should ensure that the water volume to be distributed can be completely distributed without remaining.
And after the water quantity permission coefficient of each gate is obtained, the water quantity permission coefficient is taken as constraint, and the actual ecological water distribution quantity of each gate at the same level under a certain water condition is solved by combining the goal of maximizing water distribution benefit.
(2) Considering that the priority is high first and then low or the continuous water distribution year of the gate is limited, different water distribution flows can be designed:
compared with the 1 st water distribution process, the 2 nd water distribution process is different in that a judgment about forcing to start a new water distribution is added: if a certain round of water distribution continues to the x-th year after the beginning (the beginning year of the certain round of water distribution is 1 st year) and all the water rights of all grades are still not met after the available water is used up in the year, the water distribution of the round is forcibly ended, and the next round of water distribution is directly started in the x +1 th year.
In another aspect, the present invention provides an ecological water right space-time configuration system, including:
the system comprises a grade division module, a decision-making module and a decision-making module, wherein the grade division module is used for constructing an ecological network in a to-be-decided area and dividing all ecological gates into N water right grades based on the ecological network, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 3;
the first water distribution module is used for determining the maximum water distribution amount of each ecological gate under the current water weight grade according to the water shortage degree of the ecological gate in the rotation irrigation period in the current water distribution year; if the remaining ecological available water amount in the current year is greater than or equal to the sum of the maximum water distribution amounts of all the ecological gates in the current water right level, distributing water according to the maximum water distribution amount by all the ecological gates in the current water right level, and then distributing the ecological gates in the next water right level until all the ecological gates in all the water right levels are distributed; otherwise, the water quantity permission coefficients of all the ecological gates under the current water weight level are taken as constraints, and the maximum ecological benefit is taken as a target, so that all the ecological gates under the current water weight level are distributed;
the second water distribution module is used for distributing water to the water right grades which are not completely met and distributing water grade by grade if the water right grades which are not completely met exist in the next water distribution year; otherwise, water is distributed from the water right grade with the highest priority.
The division of each module in the above-mentioned ecological water right space-time configuration system is only used for illustration, in other embodiments, the ecological water right space-time configuration system may be divided into different modules as required to complete all or part of the functions of the above-mentioned system.
The present invention will be described in further detail below by taking the Tarim river main stream as an example.
The method comprises the following steps: calculating the annual water demand of vegetation in the water supply area of the ecological gate
The Tarim river main stream is located at the edge of the North of the Takrama dry desert, originates from the junction of the Aksu river, the Yerkinje river and the Hetian river, has the total length of 1321 kilometers, and converges into the Taitma lake. From alaer to incar is the upstream region of the main stream, engaba to qia is the midstream region, and below qia is the downstream region of the main stream. Most of the dry water is used by the midstream region irrigation agriculture, and the remaining water is needed to satisfy both the demand for riparian vegetation and the demand for downstream tail lakes. The present invention will be explained by taking the water distribution among 47 ecological gates as an example, wherein 47 gates for ecological water supply (hereinafter referred to as ecological gates) are distributed along the river upstream and midstream of the main stream.
When the annual ecological water demand of each gate water supply area is calculated, the vegetation is divided into four types of sparse land, forested land, low-coverage grassland and high-coverage grassland according to each ecological gate water supply area and 2018 soil utilization map, and corresponding annual water supply quota adopts the area quota method of water demand of natural vegetation ecological protection red line in literature to calculate results which are respectively 4.45 m, 30.42 m, 6.28 m and 23.40m3/hm2According to the formula
The annual ecological water demand of different gate water supply areas can be calculated.
Step two, constructing an ecological network in a river riparian area
In the process of constructing the ecological network, a specific species, namely Tarim rabbits, which are widely distributed on both banks of the Tarim river is selected as a construction object of the ecological network. The Tarim rabbits are typical species in desert regions, inhabit around artificially excavated reservoirs, as well as river side swamps and river beaches. Accordingly, the habitat of the Tamarix rabbits and the stepping stones are determined according to the principle of a better growth of the populus diversifolia forest and the tamarix chinensis bush which are positioned near the water area. In ArcGIS, a 1km buffer area is established near a water area according to a soil utilization map and is intersected with three land utilization types of a sparse land, a woodland and a high-coverage grassland to obtain an area suitable for the survival of the Tarim rabbits. The area is intersected with the high vegetation index area to obtain a habitat, and is intersected with the higher vegetation index area to obtain the stepping stone. The vegetation index is the mean value of 6-10 months normalized vegetation index
Representation), high vegetation index correspondences
Higher vegetation index correspondences
After manually combining small patches and processing boundary lines, 4 habitats and 37 stepping stones are extracted from the upstream and the middle streams of the Tarim river. Setting resistance values of various land types according to an ecological corridor construction method (see table 1 specifically), and then generating an ecological corridor by using the habitat and the pedal stone as sources by using a minimum cumulative resistance model and a Distance module of ArcGIS.
TABLE 1 resistance values
The value range is set to be 10-100, and the lower the value is, the more favorable the species move and pass through
Step three ecological water right grading
When the ecological water rights of the gates are graded according to the ecological network, the priority levels of the ecological water rights of the gates, which are formed by the ecological network of a water supply area including habitat, stepping stones, galleries and the like, are respectively set to be 1, 2 and 3 (the smaller the number is, the higher the priority level is); and setting the priority level of the ecological water right of the water supply area as the level 4 for the gate which does not comprise any ecological network. In level 2 water rights, part of the gate water supply area is concentrated and close to the habitat; in level 4 water rights, the midstream gate water supply area is concentrated and adjacent to the habitat, stepping stones and ecological corridor. According to the concept of vegetation continuous protection, the ecological water right of the part of gates is relatively preferentially guaranteed in the gates of the same level, so that the part of water right in the 2 nd level is set as 2-1 (the rest of water right levels are set as 2-2), and the part of water right in the 4 th level is set as 4-1 (the rest of water right levels are set as 4-2). Therefore, the ecological water right grades of all ecological gates are obtained, and the ecological water right grades are specifically shown in the table 2.
TABLE 2 ecological Water rights rating
The number 1 represents the distribution sequence of the gate from upstream to downstream;
2class 2-1 water priority over 2-2, class 4-1 water priority over 4-2.
Step four ecological water right time sequence configuration and same level water right configuration
A of each level water right in the process of configuring the same level ecological water righti、biThe calculation formula is shown in table 3, and the corresponding range of the allowable coefficient of the water amount is shown in fig. 2.
TABLE 3 Water yield allowance coefficient calculation formula
After the water consumption of national economy upstream of the main flow and the water consumption required by pulling the section downwards are deducted from the water consumption of the Alarhydrology station in the year, the available water quantity of the Alarville section for the vegetation upstream of the main flow of the tower river is obtained. And multiplying the ratio of the annual Water demand of the vegetation in the Water supply area of the ecological gate to the annual Water demand of the vegetation in the midstream of the main flow of the tower river to obtain the Water Available for the ecological gate (AWG) by the Arable Water for Gates at the Aralar section. According to the method described above, the 60-year sequence of the Alar cross-section AWG was obtained from the Alar hydrological station year 1958 and 2017, as shown in FIG. 3 (a). Taking AWG sequence with Aral section as flInputting a configuration model, respectively adopting two multi-wheel water distribution processes and calculating according to different x values (respectively 3, 4 and 5) to obtain corresponding water distribution results.
The number and start and stop times of water distribution runs for two water distribution runs are shown in fig. 3 (b) and (c). In the figure, the black bars represent the duration of the water distribution runs, and the numbers before the black bars represent the run numbers. As shown in fig. 3 (b), the water distribution time length of each round is inconsistent with the value x, and the next round of water distribution is started in the year when the previous round of water distribution is finished; as shown in fig. 3 (c), the water dispensing time of each round is consistent with the value x, and the next year after the previous round is finished begins the next round.
AWG with Aral section has total amount of 233.05 hundred million m in 60 years3. The total ecological water demand of all gates is 301.34 hundred million m in 60 years3The total amount of available water is only 0.773 of the total amount of ecological water. In addition, the available water quantity of the Aral section is mostly less than the total ecological water requirement of all gates in the corresponding time period in any 3, 4 or 5 year time period. The above situation shows that the water quantity available for the ecology at the upstream, middle and upstream of the main stream of the tower river is in shortage condition in long term and short term. Under the influence, as shown in fig. 3 (b), when x takes values of 3, 4 and 5, only 15, 11 and 9 rounds satisfying all the water weights in all levels are completed in 60 years (the last round of water distribution under each x value is not completed), the time consumption of one round is 6, 8 and 9 years respectively, the time consumption is 4, 5 and 6 years respectively, and no round can be completed in x years. And as shown in (c) of fig. 3, except that the 20 th round when x is 3 satisfies all the water weights due to the extremely large water amount for two consecutive years, all the other rounds of water distribution fail to satisfy all the water weights and are forcibly ended.
The change of the value of the ecological water right setting parameter x influences the upper limit of the water supply amount in a single year and the long-term water supply frequency besides influencing the number and duration of water distribution turns. Fig. 4(a) and 4(b) show the annual water supply of the gate No. 6 of the class 1 water right under two water distribution flows (the water distribution of the other gates of the class 1 water right and the gate of the class 3 water right is similar to that of fig. 4(a) and 4 (b)). Fig. 5(a) and 5(b) show annual water supply of the gate No. 10 of the class 4-1 water right under two water distribution flows (the water distribution of other gates of the class 4 water right and the gate of the class 2 water right is similar to that of fig. 5(a) and 5 (b)). In fig. 4(a) and 4(b), as the value of x increases, the number of years between two water distribution runs increases and the water distribution per year increases as a whole. In fig. 5(a) and 5(b), as the value of x increases, the number of years between two water distribution runs increases in general, but the water distribution in a single year does not differ much. This shows that the interval between water distribution turns increases with the increase of the value of x, but the relationship between the water distribution amount of the water right gates of different grades and the value of x in a single year is different. Although quantitative conclusions about the influence of the water distribution quantity of the water distribution wheel at intervals and in a single year on the water condition and the growth condition of the vegetation are lacked at present, the change of the value of x can influence the growth condition of the vegetation in the water supply area of each gate from the above results, and the influence on the water supply area of the class 1 and 3 water right gates is more remarkable.
For a gate, the ratio of the Cumulative water supply of each year from the year of the 1 st water supply occurrence divided by the Cumulative ecological water Demand (SDCD). The SDCD reflects the long-term guarantee degree of ecological water demand and relates to the long-term change trend of vegetation growth conditions in water supply areas. Figure 6 shows the SDCD variation for selecting one gate from each class of water right when x equals 5 and also shows the result of assigning the arla section AWG based on the proportion of the ecological water demand of each gate to the total ecological water demand of all gates without using a time sequential configuration. In fig. 6, at the beginning of water distribution, the difference of the SDCD of the water right gates of different levels is large because the fluctuation of the total amount of incoming water increasing speed is large in a short period of time; as the time for distributing water is prolonged, the fluctuation of the total quantity increasing speed of the incoming water is reduced in a long period, and therefore, the water right gate SDCD of each grade tends to be stable. As shown in fig. 6 (a), the steady values of the SDCD of all the water right gates are the same and less than 1, and are very close to the steady values of the SDCD when the time-sequence configuration mode is not adopted; as shown in fig. 6 (b), the steady values of the SDCD of the level 1-3 gates are the same and greater than 1, the water weight steady value of the level 4 is smaller than the steady value of the SDCD when the time sequence configuration is not adopted, and the level 4-1 and the level 4-2 have different steady values. The above results show that in the short term, the gate water right grade affects the vegetation growth in both processes, but in the long term, the gate water right grade affects the vegetation growth only in process 2.
It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, so that various changes, modifications and substitutions may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ecological water right space-time configuration method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: constructing an ecological network in a to-be-decided area, and dividing all ecological gates into N water right levels based on the ecological network, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 3;
s2: in the current water distribution year, determining the maximum water distribution amount of each ecological gate under the current water right level according to the water shortage degree of the ecological gates in the rotation irrigation period;
s3: if the remaining ecological available water amount in the current year is greater than or equal to the sum of the maximum water distribution amounts of all the ecological gates in the current water right level, distributing water according to the maximum water distribution amount by all the ecological gates in the current water right level, and then distributing the ecological gates in the next water right level until all the ecological gates in all the water right levels are distributed; otherwise, the water quantity permission coefficients of all the ecological gates under the current water weight level are taken as constraints, and the maximum ecological benefit is taken as a target, so that all the ecological gates under the current water weight level are distributed;
s4: in the next water distribution year, if the water right grades which are not completely met exist, water is distributed to the water right grades which are not completely met, and then water is distributed grade by grade; otherwise, water is distributed from the water right grade with the highest priority.
2. The ecological water right space-time configuration method according to claim 1, further comprising: after water distribution is completed in a rotation irrigation period, water is distributed from the water right grade with the highest priority.
3. The ecological water right space-time configuration method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an ecological network is constructed in the area to be decided according to the ecological corridor construction method.
4. The ecological water right space-time configuration method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water shortage degree of the ecological gate in the rotation irrigation period is expressed as:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
representing the water shortage degree of the ith ecological gate in the current water distribution year, l representing the current water distribution year, k representing the current water right grade, and gkRepresenting the gate to which the ecological water right of the current level belongs, x representing the rotation period, diRepresenting the annual water demand of the vegetation in the water supply area of the ith ecological gate,
the total amount of ecological water distribution for the gate i since the last water distribution and in the last year is finished;
wherein, the annual water demand d of vegetation in the water supply area of the ith ecological gateiExpressed as:
in the formula, iu represents the vegetation type in the range of the ecological gate water diversion benefit area, viNumber of representative vegetation types, eiuRepresenting the area of vegetation, wiuRepresenting the annual water supply credit of the vegetation.
5. The ecological water right space-time configuration method according to claim 4,
for the
The ecological gate does not distribute water in the current year; for the
The ecological gate participates in water distribution in the current year, and the maximum water distribution amount is
6. An ecological water right space-time configuration system, comprising:
the system comprises a grade division module, a decision-making module and a decision-making module, wherein the grade division module is used for constructing an ecological network in a to-be-decided area and dividing all ecological gates into N water right grades based on the ecological network, and N is an integer greater than or equal to 3;
the first water distribution module is used for determining the maximum water distribution amount of each ecological gate under the current water weight grade according to the water shortage degree of the ecological gate in the rotation irrigation period in the current water distribution year; if the remaining ecological available water amount in the current year is greater than or equal to the sum of the maximum water distribution amounts of all the ecological gates in the current water right level, distributing water according to the maximum water distribution amount by all the ecological gates in the current water right level, and then distributing the ecological gates in the next water right level until all the ecological gates in all the water right levels are distributed; otherwise, the water quantity permission coefficients of all the ecological gates under the current water weight level are taken as constraints, and the maximum ecological benefit is taken as a target, so that all the ecological gates under the current water weight level are distributed;
the second water distribution module is used for distributing water to the water right grades which are not completely met and distributing water grade by grade if the water right grades which are not completely met exist in the next water distribution year; otherwise, water is distributed from the water right grade with the highest priority.
7. The ecological water right space-time configuration system according to claim 6, wherein water is distributed from the highest priority water right level after water distribution is completed in one rotation irrigation period.
8. The ecological water right space-time configuration system according to claim 6 or 7, wherein an ecological network is constructed in the area to be decided according to the ecological corridor construction method.
9. The ecological water right space-time configuration system according to claim 6 or 7,
the water shortage degree of the ecological gate in the rotation irrigation period is expressed as follows:
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
representing the water shortage degree of the ith ecological gate in the current water distribution year, l representing the current water distribution year, k representing the current water right grade, and gkRepresenting the gate to which the ecological water right of the current level belongs, x representing the rotation period, diRepresenting the annual water demand of the vegetation in the water supply area of the ith ecological gate,
the total amount of ecological water distribution for the gate i since the last water distribution and in the last year is finished;
wherein, the annual water demand d of vegetation in the water supply area of the ith ecological gateiExpressed as:
in the formula, iu represents the vegetation type in the range of the ecological gate water diversion benefit area, viNumber of representative vegetation types, eiuRepresenting the area of vegetation, wiuRepresenting the annual water supply credit of the vegetation.
10. The ecological water right space-time configuration system according to claim 9,
for the
The ecological gate does not distribute water in the current year; for the
The ecological gate participates in water distribution in the current year, and the maximum water distribution amount is
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