CN112393834B - Internal stress monitoring system for railway bridge - Google Patents
Internal stress monitoring system for railway bridge Download PDFInfo
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- CN112393834B CN112393834B CN202011379372.1A CN202011379372A CN112393834B CN 112393834 B CN112393834 B CN 112393834B CN 202011379372 A CN202011379372 A CN 202011379372A CN 112393834 B CN112393834 B CN 112393834B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
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Abstract
The invention relates to an internal stress monitoring system for a railway bridge, which comprises a fixed disc and a stress mechanism arranged on the fixed disc, wherein the stress mechanism comprises a cylinder, a screw rod, a supporting rod and a stress inductor; the internal stress monitoring system provided by the invention can be used for detecting the internal stress change of the bridge, predicting the abnormity of the bridge in advance, analyzing the deformation of the bridge, preventing the bridge from being affected in the bud, and providing a maintenance basis for the safe operation of the bridge and a large building.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of railway safety monitoring, and particularly relates to an internal stress monitoring system for a railway bridge.
Background
The railway bridge is a structure built for the railway to cross rivers, lakes, straits, valleys or other barriers and for realizing the three-dimensional crossing of railway lines and railway lines or roads, and has the advantages of large load, large impact force, high traffic density, high standard for resisting natural disasters, and certain vertical and horizontal rigidity and dynamic performance particularly required by the structure.
Internal stress is a stress generated by a macroscopic or microscopic structure inside a material due to nonuniform volume change in the absence of external force, such as a misshaping, a temperature change, a solvent action, or the like, in a material, and is generated by an internal force generated by interaction between parts inside the material when the material is deformed by external factors (stress, humidity change, or the like) to resist the action of the external factors and attempt to restore the material from a deformed position to a position before deformation.
There are several methods to cancel the internal stress: the method is characterized in that a balanced force system is formed in the object, namely, the static condition is observed, the balanced force system can be divided into macroscopic stress, microscopic stress and ultramicro stress according to the nature and the range, the balanced force system can be divided into thermal stress and weaving stress according to the causing reason, the balanced force system can be divided into instantaneous stress and residual stress according to the existence time, and the balanced force system can be divided into longitudinal stress and transverse stress according to the acting direction.
With the perfection of the railway traffic network in China, the terrain distribution and the change in the railway construction process are more and more complex, the stress monitoring device which can really adapt to the railway bridge under the complex environmental condition is less, and the actual use requirement can not be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the background art, and provides an internal stress monitoring system for a railway bridge, which can be used for detecting the internal stress change of the bridge, predicting the abnormity of the bridge in advance, analyzing the deformation of the bridge, preventing the bridge from happening in the bud and providing a maintenance basis for the safe operation of the bridge and a large-scale building.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the utility model provides an internal stress monitoring system for railroad bridge, includes the fixed disk and locates the energizing mechanism on the fixed disk, energizing mechanism includes cylinder, screw rod, bracing piece and stress inductor, the output of cylinder is connected to the one end of screw rod, the other end of cylinder is connected to stress inductor through the helical pitch piece, stress inductor's both sides are passed through the guide bar sliding connection and are put in to the sliding bush of bracing piece.
Preferably, the stress inductor is provided with a mounting frame towards the outside of one side of the support rod, and the lead block and the guide rod are both fixedly connected to the mounting frame.
Preferably, the support rod and the cylinder are fixed on the fixed disc through bolts, a guide cylinder is arranged outside the screw rod, and the guide cylinder is fixedly connected to the fixed disc through bolts.
Preferably, a directional stress induction probe is arranged on the stress inductor, the stress inductor is connected to a data collector of the computer through a data lead-out wire, and the air cylinder is connected to the data collector of the computer through a cable.
Preferably, one force applying mechanism is arranged, and the force applying mechanism is arranged along the radial direction of the fixed disc.
Preferably, the number of the stress applying mechanisms is two, the two stress applying mechanisms are arranged along the radial direction of the fixed disc, and the stress inductors of the two stress applying mechanisms are arranged in a 90-degree crossed manner.
Preferably, the number of the force applying mechanisms is three, two of the three force applying mechanisms are distributed along the radial direction of the fixed disk, the stress inductors of the two force applying mechanisms are arranged in a 90-degree intersection manner, and the other force applying mechanism of the three force applying mechanisms is arranged along the axial direction of the fixed disk.
Preferably, in the measuring process, the directions of the stress-sensitive probes of the three force-applying mechanisms are X, Y, and Z, respectively, where X and Y are the horizontal direction and the vertical direction along the fixed disk, Z is the axial direction along the fixed disk, the included angles between X, Y, and Z are 30 °, 45 °, X ', and Y' are the actual directions of the stress sensors, the included angle between X and X 'is α, and the included angle between Y and Y' is β, then:
X=X'cosα+Y'sinβ，Y=X'sinα+Y'cosβ；
Z=X'cos（30°+α）+Y'cos（45°+β）。
preferably, when the stress mechanism performs pressurization impact on the interior of the bridge, the external force F applied to the stress sensor satisfies the following conditions:
F=ku+εd(u)/d(t)，
wherein k is the rigidity of the bridge, epsilon is the resistance coefficient of the bridge, and u is the displacement of the screw at any moment.
Preferably, inside the bridge test piece, the ascending unipolar compressive strength W of unilateral satisfies:
W=( F Y - F X )[ F X 2 + F Y 2 + F Z 2 -2υ(F X F Y + F X F Z + F Y F Z )]/2E，
wherein, F X 、F Y 、F Z The uniaxial stresses in the X, Y, and Z directions of the test piece are shown, E is the elastic modulus of the test piece, and ν is the poisson ratio of the test piece.
Preferably, for the interior of the bridge test piece, different stress amplitudes Δ σ under cyclic load satisfy:
Δσ=F i n i /N i ，
wherein n is i Representing the number of times the force-applying mechanism acts, N i Shows the normal amplitude loading fatigue life of the test piece corresponding to the stress amplitude, F i The critical stress value of the test piece at the fatigue failure is shown.
Preferably, the fatigue damage caused by the corresponding action times can be obtained by linear summation: d = ∑ (n) i /N i ) And when D is more than or equal to 1, the test piece is proved to have fatigue failure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the internal stress monitoring system for the railway bridge, provided by the invention, the stress sensor has the advantages of high tensile stress bearing capacity and large telescopic deformation capacity, can be well coupled with the bridge around a drill hole in a self-adaptive manner under the complex geological condition that the bridge is seriously damaged, can monitor the magnitude and the change of the unidirectional, bidirectional and three-directional stress in the bridge body in real time, can be connected with a computer system, and can realize the synchronous real-time transmission, storage and processing of monitoring data.
2. The invention provides an internal stress monitoring system for a railway bridge, which utilizes the combination of a plurality of stress induction probes at different angles to realize a method for monitoring the changes of the magnitude and the direction of two main stresses in a plane taking the axis of a drill hole as a normal line.
3. According to the internal stress monitoring system for the railway bridge, in field monitoring, only the stress meter induction probes are combined in multiple directions, the actual stress magnitude and direction can be obtained in monitoring, the multiple induction probes are combined in one stress meter according to fixed included angles according to requirements, and an algorithm is written into a program, so that the actual main stress magnitude and direction change can be monitored in the mining stress monitoring process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an internal stress monitoring system for a railroad bridge according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a stress application mechanism of the internal stress monitoring system for railroad bridges of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of embodiment 3 of the present invention.
In the figure: 100. a force application mechanism; 200. fixing the disc; 1. a cylinder; 2. a screw; 3. a guide cylinder; 4. a support bar; 5. a sliding sleeve; 6. a guide bar; 7. a lead block; 8. a mounting frame; 9. a stress sensor; 10. a stress-sensing probe.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
With reference to fig. 1 and 2, an internal stress monitoring system for railroad bridges includes a fixed disk 200 and a force applying mechanism 100 disposed on the fixed disk 200, wherein one force applying mechanism 100 is disposed, and the force applying mechanism 100 is disposed along a radial direction of the fixed disk 200.
The stress sensor 9 with proper size is selected according to different apertures, a directional stress sensing probe 10 of the stress sensor 9 is ensured to be in good contact with the inner side of a bridge, the initial force of the stress sensor 9 can reach 40MPa to the maximum, when the initial bearing force of the stress sensor 9 is greater than the surrounding stress of a drill hole, the stress sensor 9 is in self-adaptive pressure relief contact with the bridge body around the drill hole through the telescopic directional stress sensing probe 10, the stress change condition is monitored, the directional sensing probe 10 is aligned to the direction of the mining stress to be monitored, the air cylinder 1 is used for driving the screw rod 2 to slowly feed the stress sensor 9 into the specified position of the drill hole, the stress sensing probe 10 is enabled to be in monitoring after being in coupling contact with the periphery of the drill hole, and the numerical value change of the stress sensor is observed.
Example 2
Combine fig. 2, straining mechanism 100 establishes two, two straining mechanisms 100 are along the radial setting of fixed disk 200, two straining mechanism 100's stress inductor 9 are the crossing setting of 90, can monitor horizontal stress and vertical stress simultaneously, and with a certain stress induction probe 10 alignment vertical direction of two stress inductor 9, another stress induction probe 10 then aligns the horizontal direction, sends into the assigned position with screw rod 2 and lead piece 7 with stress inductor 9 slowly, pressurizes the monitoring respectively to two stress induction probes 10.
Example 3
Combine fig. 3, the straining mechanism 100 establishes threely, wherein two of three straining mechanisms 100 are along the radial distribution of fixed disk 200, wherein the stress inductor 9 of two straining mechanisms 100 is the crossing setting of 90, another of three straining mechanisms 100 sets up along the central axial of fixed disk 200, with the arbitrary stress induction probe 10 of two radial stress induction probes 10 of the stress inductor 9 of three direction alignment vertical direction, another radial stress induction probe 10 then aligns the horizontal direction, slowly sends into the hole bottom with three-dimensional stress inductor 9 with screw 2, during the pressurization, pressurize two stress induction probes 10 respectively earlier, later to radial stress induction probe 10 injection pressure, monitor after the injection pressure is accomplished.
In the measuring process, the stress induction probe directions of the three stress mechanisms are respectively X, Y and Z, wherein X and Y are in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction along the fixed disc, Z is in the axial direction along the fixed disc, the included angles between X, Y and Z are respectively 30 degrees, 45 degrees, X 'and Y' are the actual directions of the stress inductor, the included angle between X and X 'is alpha, and the included angle between Y and Y' is beta, then: x = X 'cos α + Y' sin β, Y = X 'sin α + Y' cos β; z = X 'cos (30 ° + α) + Y' cos (45 ° + β).
In the field monitoring, the magnitude and direction of the actual main stress can be obtained in the monitoring process only by combining the induction probes of the stressometers in multiple directions, combining the induction probes in one stressometer according to fixed included angles according to requirements, and writing the algorithm into a program, so that the magnitude and direction change of the actual main stress can be monitored in the mining stress monitoring process.
Example 4
Inside of bridge test piece, the ascending unipolar compressive strength W of folk prescription satisfies: w = (F) Y - F X )[ F X 2 + F Y 2 + F Z 2 -2υ(F X F Y + F X F Z + F Y F Z )]/2E, wherein, F X 、F Y 、F Z The uniaxial stress of the test piece in one direction in the X, Y, and Z directions is shown, E represents the elastic modulus of the test piece, and υ is the poisson's ratio of the test piece.
For the interior of the bridge test piece, different stress amplitudes delta sigma under cyclic load satisfy: Δ σ = F i n i /N i Wherein n is i Representing the number of times the force-applying mechanism acts, N i Shows the normal amplitude loading fatigue life of the test piece corresponding to the stress amplitude, F i The critical stress value of the test piece at the fatigue failure is shown.
The fatigue damage caused by the corresponding action times can be obtained after linear accumulation: d = ∑ (n) i /N i ) And when D is larger than or equal to 1, the fatigue failure of the test piece is shown.
Energy conversion always follows the principle of minimum energy of power destruction: namely, when the test piece is damaged under the action of three-way stress, the internal stress of the test piece is redistributed, the energy consumed for the damage is always the damage energy in a one-way stress state, and the critical maximum energy release rate of the test piece in various stress states can be represented by the energy release rate in uniaxial compression.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and substitutions made within the scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides an internal stress monitoring system for railroad bridge which characterized in that: the stress sensor comprises a fixed disc (200) and a stress mechanism (100) arranged on the fixed disc (200), wherein the stress mechanism (100) comprises a cylinder (1), a screw rod (2), a supporting rod (4) and a stress sensor (9), one end of the screw rod (2) is connected with the output end of the cylinder (1), the other end of the cylinder (1) is connected to the stress sensor (9) through a lead block (7), and two sides of the stress sensor (9) are connected to a sliding sleeve (5) of the supporting rod (4) in a sliding mode through guide rods (6);
the number of the force applying mechanisms (100) is three, two of the three force applying mechanisms (100) are distributed along the radial direction of the fixed disk (200), the stress inductors (9) of the two force applying mechanisms (100) are arranged in a 90-degree intersecting manner, and the other force applying mechanism (100) is arranged along the axial direction of the fixed disk (200); in the measuring process, the directions of the stress induction probes of the three stress applying mechanisms (100) are respectively X, Y and Z, wherein X and Y are in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction along the fixed disc, Z is in the axial direction along the fixed disc, the included angles between X, Y and Z are respectively 30 degrees, 45 degrees, X 'and Y' are the actual directions of the stress inductors, the included angle between X and X 'is alpha, and the included angle between Y and Y' is beta, so that the stress induction probes have the following effects:
X=X'cosα+Y'sinβ，Y=X'sinα+Y'cosβ；
Z=X'cos（30°+α）+Y'cos（45°+β）；
when the stress mechanism pressurizes and impacts the inside of the bridge, the external force F borne by the stress sensor meets the following requirements:
F=ku+εd(u)/d(t)，
wherein k is the rigidity of the bridge, epsilon is the resistance coefficient of the bridge, and u is the displacement of the screw at any moment.
2. The internal stress monitoring system for railroad bridges of claim 1, wherein: stress inductor (9) are equipped with mounting bracket (8) towards one side outside of bracing piece (4), equal fixed connection to mounting bracket (8) of lead block (7) and guide bar (6).
3. The internal stress monitoring system for railroad bridges of claim 1, wherein: the supporting rod (4) and the cylinder (1) are fixed on the fixed disc (200) through bolts, the guide cylinder (3) is arranged outside the screw rod (2), and the guide cylinder (3) is fixedly connected to the fixed disc (200) through bolts.
4. The internal stress monitoring system for railroad bridges of claim 1, wherein: the stress sensor (9) is provided with a directional stress sensing probe (10), the stress sensor (9) is connected to a data acquisition unit of a computer through a data lead-out wire, and the cylinder (1) is connected to the data acquisition unit of the computer through a cable.
5. The internal stress monitoring system for railroad bridges of claim 1, wherein: one force applying mechanism (100) is arranged, and the force applying mechanism (100) is arranged along the radial direction of the fixed disc (200).
6. The internal stress monitoring system for railroad bridges of claim 1, wherein: the stress sensors (9) of the two stress mechanisms (100) are arranged in a 90-degree crossed manner.
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| CN202011379372.1A CN112393834B (en) | 2020-12-01 | 2020-12-01 | Internal stress monitoring system for railway bridge |
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| CN202011379372.1A CN112393834B (en) | 2020-12-01 | 2020-12-01 | Internal stress monitoring system for railway bridge |
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| EP2055519A1 (en) * | 2007-11-02 | 2009-05-06 | Gomecsys B.V. | A vehicle and a method of controlling the vehicle |
| CN202494535U (en) * | 2012-01-09 | 2012-10-17 | 陈立人 | Multi-directional rigid solid internal stress subtle change monitor |
| CN202903621U (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2013-04-24 | 中国建材检验认证集团苏州有限公司 | Shear detector used for detecting shear strength of waterproof layer |
| CN205280250U (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-06-01 | 汕头市建安实业（集团）有限公司 | Bridge railing thrust detection device |
| CN207798586U (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2018-08-31 | 诺万五金制造（上海）有限公司 | A kind of anti-thrust endurance testing device of glass spike |
| CN111478508A (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2020-07-31 | 苏州舍勒智能科技有限公司 | Servo electric push rod with high-thrust built-in pressure sensor |
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