CN112484982B - Method for realizing real-time stress monitoring of railway bridge - Google Patents
Method for realizing real-time stress monitoring of railway bridge Download PDFInfo
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- CN112484982B CN112484982B CN202011379449.5A CN202011379449A CN112484982B CN 112484982 B CN112484982 B CN 112484982B CN 202011379449 A CN202011379449 A CN 202011379449A CN 112484982 B CN112484982 B CN 112484982B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0069—Fatigue, creep, strain-stress relations or elastic constants
- G01N2203/0073—Fatigue
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0256—Triaxial, i.e. the forces being applied along three normal axes of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for realizing the real-time stress monitoring of a railway bridge, which comprises the following steps: s1, drilling a hole in the center of a test piece, enclosing the test piece by using a protection device, S2, placing a monitoring system into the drilled hole of the test piece, S3, switching on a power supply of the monitoring system, providing an initial pressure for a stress sensor of the monitoring system, enabling a stress sensing probe of the monitoring system to be in coupling contact with the test piece, stopping pressurizing, S4, turning on switches of a computer and a data acquisition device, starting to acquire data, controlling a cylinder to pressurize the test piece in each direction step by step, automatically storing experimental data, S5, pressurizing until the test piece is completely destroyed and failed, stopping pressurizing, closing the system and analyzing related data; the real-time internal stress monitoring method provided by the invention can be used for detecting the internal stress change of the bridge, predicting the abnormality of the bridge in advance, analyzing the deformation of the bridge, preventing the bridge from being affected in the bud and providing a maintenance basis for the safe operation of the bridge and a large building.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of railway safety monitoring, and particularly relates to a method for realizing real-time monitoring of stress of a railway bridge.
Background
The railway bridge is a structure built for the railway to cross rivers, lakes, straits, valleys or other obstacles and for realizing the three-dimensional crossing of railway lines and railway lines or roads, and has the advantages of large load, large impact force, large traffic density, high standard for resisting natural disasters, and certain vertical and transverse rigidity and dynamic performance particularly required by the structure.
Internal stress is a stress generated by a macroscopic or microscopic structure inside a material due to nonuniform volume change in the absence of external force, such as a misshaping, a temperature change, a solvent action, or the like, in a material, and is generated by an internal force generated by interaction between parts inside the material when the material is deformed by external factors (stress, humidity change, or the like) to resist the action of the external factors and attempt to restore the material from a deformed position to a position before deformation.
There are several methods for the removal of internal stresses: the method is characterized in that a balanced force system is formed in the object, namely, the static condition is observed, the object can be divided into macroscopic stress, microscopic stress and ultramicro-macroscopic stress according to the property and the range, the object can be divided into thermal stress and weaving stress according to the causing reason, the object can be divided into instantaneous stress and residual stress according to the existence time, and the object can be divided into longitudinal stress and transverse stress according to the acting direction.
With the perfection of the railway traffic network in China, the terrain distribution and the change in the railway construction process are more and more complex, the stress monitoring device which can really adapt to the railway bridge under the complex environmental condition is less, and the actual use requirement can not be met.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the background art, and provides a method for realizing real-time monitoring of the stress of a railway bridge, which can be used for detecting the internal stress change of the bridge, predicting the abnormity of the bridge in advance, analyzing the deformation of the bridge, preventing the bridge from being affected in the bud and providing a maintenance basis for the safe operation of the bridge and a large-scale building.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a method for realizing the stress real-time monitoring of a railway bridge comprises the following steps:
s1, drilling a hole in the center of a test piece, enclosing the test piece by a protection device, and tightly and accurately contacting the upper side and the lower side of the test piece with the centers of the bottoms of the two sides of the test piece by pressure shafts;
s2, installing and arranging a related dynamic stress monitoring computer, and placing a monitoring system into a drill hole of the test piece;
s3, switching on a power supply of the monitoring system, driving the screw rod and the lead block to transmit through the air cylinder of the monitoring system, providing an initial pressure for a stress sensor of the monitoring system, enabling a stress sensing probe of the monitoring system to be in coupling contact with the test piece, and stopping pressurizing;
s4, turning on switches of the computer and the data collector to start data collection, controlling the air cylinder to gradually pressurize the test piece in all directions, and automatically storing experimental data;
and S5, pressurizing until the test piece is completely damaged and failed, stopping pressurizing, closing the system and analyzing related data.
Preferably, monitoring system includes the fixed disk and locates the straining device on the fixed disk, the straining device includes cylinder, screw rod, bracing piece and stress inductor, the output of cylinder is connected to the one end of screw rod, the other end of cylinder is connected to stress inductor through the helical pitch piece, stress inductor's both sides are passed through guide bar sliding connection and are put in to the sliding sleeve of bracing piece.
Preferably, a mounting frame is arranged outside one side of the stress inductor facing the supporting rod, and the lead block and the guide rod are both fixedly connected to the mounting frame.
Preferably, the support rod and the cylinder are fixed on the fixed disc through bolts, a guide cylinder is arranged outside the screw rod, and the guide cylinder is fixedly connected to the fixed disc through bolts.
Preferably, a directional stress induction probe is arranged on the stress inductor, the stress inductor is connected to a data collector of the computer through a data lead-out wire, and the air cylinder is connected to the data collector of the computer through a cable.
Preferably, one of the force applying mechanisms is arranged, and the force applying mechanism is arranged along the radial direction of the fixed disk.
Preferably, the two force applying mechanisms are arranged along the radial direction of the fixed disc, and the stress inductors of the two force applying mechanisms are arranged in a 90-degree crossed manner.
Preferably, the number of the force applying mechanisms is three, two of the three force applying mechanisms are distributed along the radial direction of the fixed disk, the stress inductors of the two force applying mechanisms are arranged in a 90-degree intersection manner, and the other force applying mechanism of the three force applying mechanisms is arranged along the axial direction of the fixed disk.
Preferably, the protection device comprises steel plates enclosed around the test piece and a limiting rod connected with the steel plates on two opposite sides, and the limiting rod penetrates through the steel plates and is fixedly connected with the steel plates through bolts.
Preferably, in the measurement process, the directions of the stress-sensitive probes of the three stress applying mechanisms are X, Y, and Z, respectively, where X and Y are along the horizontal direction and the vertical direction of the fixed disk, Z is along the axial direction of the fixed disk, the included angles between X, Y, and Z are 30 °, 45 °, X ', and Y' are the actual directions of the stress sensors, the included angle between X and X 'is α, and the included angle between Y and Y' is β, then:
X=X'cosα+Y'sinβ，Y=X'sinα+Y'cosβ；
Z=X'cos（30°+α）+Y'cos（45°+β）。
preferably, when the stress mechanism applies pressure impact to the inside of the bridge, the external force F applied to the stress sensor satisfies the following conditions:
F=ku+εd(u)/d(t)，
wherein k is the rigidity of the bridge, epsilon is the resistance coefficient of the bridge, and u is the displacement of the screw at any moment.
Preferably, inside of bridge test piece, the ascending unipolar compressive strength W of unilateral satisfies:
W=( F Y - F X )[ F X 2 + F Y 2 + F Z 2 -2υ(F X F Y + F X F Z + F Y F Z )]/2E，
wherein, F X 、F Y 、F Z The uniaxial stress of the test piece in one direction in the X, Y, and Z directions is shown, E represents the elastic modulus of the test piece, and υ is the poisson's ratio of the test piece.
Preferably, for the interior of the bridge test piece, different stress amplitudes Δ σ under cyclic load satisfy:
Δσ=F i n i /N i ，
wherein n is i Representing the number of times the force-applying mechanism acts, N i Shows the constant amplitude loading fatigue life of the test piece at the corresponding stress amplitude, F i The critical stress value of the test piece at the fatigue failure is shown.
Preferably, the fatigue damage caused by the corresponding action times can be obtained by linear summation: d = ∑ (n) i /N i ) And when D is more than or equal to 1, the test piece is proved to have fatigue failure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the method for realizing the real-time stress monitoring of the railway bridge, provided by the invention, the stress sensor has the advantages of high tensile stress bearing capacity and large telescopic deformation capacity, can be well coupled with the bridge around a drill hole in a self-adaptive manner under the complex geological condition of serious bridge damage, monitors the magnitude and the change of the unidirectional, bidirectional and three-directional stress in the bridge body in real time, can be connected with a computer system in a network, and realizes the synchronous real-time transmission, storage and processing of monitoring data.
2. The invention provides a method for realizing real-time stress monitoring of a railway bridge, which is a method for realizing monitoring of the size and direction changes of two main stresses in a plane taking the axis of a drilled hole as a normal by utilizing different angle combinations of a plurality of stress induction probes.
3. The invention provides a method for realizing real-time stress monitoring of a railway bridge, which can be used for acquiring the actual stress magnitude and direction in the field monitoring process by only combining induction probes of a stress meter in multiple directions, combining a plurality of induction probes in one stress meter according to fixed included angles according to requirements, writing an algorithm into a program, and realizing the monitoring of the actual main stress magnitude and direction change in the mining stress monitoring process.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a method for realizing real-time stress monitoring of a railway bridge according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the monitoring system of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the force applying mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of embodiment 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of example 4 of the present invention.
In the figure: 100. a force applying mechanism; 200. fixing the disc; 300. a steel plate; 400. a limiting rod; 500. a pressure shaft; 1. a cylinder; 2. a screw; 3. a guide cylinder; 4. a support bar; 5. a sliding sleeve; 6. a guide rod; 7. a lead block; 8. a mounting frame; 9. a stress sensor; 10. a stress-sensing probe.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without any creative work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
With reference to fig. 1, a method for realizing real-time stress monitoring of a railway bridge includes the following steps:
s1, drilling a hole in the center of a test piece, enclosing the test piece by using a protection device, and tightly and accurately contacting the upper side and the lower side of the test piece with the centers of the bottoms of the two sides of the test piece by using pressure shafts 500;
s2, installing and arranging a related dynamic stress monitoring computer, and placing a monitoring system into a drill hole of the test piece;
s3, switching on a power supply, driving the screw rod 2 and the lead block 7 to transmit through the air cylinder 1, providing an initial pressure to the stress sensor 9, enabling the stress sensing probe 10 to be in coupling contact with the test piece, and stopping pressurizing;
s4, turning on switches of a computer and a data collector, starting to collect data, controlling the cylinder 1 to gradually pressurize the test piece in each direction, and automatically storing experimental data;
and S5, pressurizing until the test piece is completely damaged and failed, stopping pressurizing, closing the system and analyzing related data.
The protection device comprises steel plates 300 enclosed around the test piece and limiting rods 400 connected with the steel plates 300 on the two opposite sides, the limiting rods 400 penetrate through the steel plates 300 and are fixedly connected with the steel plates 300 through bolts, and the pressure shafts 500 are in close and accurate contact with the centers of the bottoms of the two sides of the test piece through jacks.
Example 2
With reference to fig. 2 and 3, a stress monitoring system for realizing a railway bridge includes a fixed disk 200 and a force applying mechanism 100 disposed on the fixed disk 200, where one force applying mechanism 100 is disposed, and the force applying mechanism 100 is disposed along a radial direction of the fixed disk 200.
Reinforcing mechanism 100 includes cylinder 1, screw rod 2, bracing piece 4 and stress inductor 9, bracing piece 4 and the equal bolt fastening of cylinder 1 are on fixed disk 200, the outside of screw rod 2 is equipped with guide cylinder 3, 3 bolt fixed connections of guide cylinder are to fixed disk 200, the output of cylinder 1 is connected to the one end of screw rod 2, the other end of cylinder 1 is connected to stress inductor 9 through helical pitch piece 7, stress inductor 9 is equipped with mounting bracket 8 towards one side outside of bracing piece 4, helical pitch piece 7 and the equal fixed connection of guide bar 6 are to mounting bracket 8, the both sides of stress inductor 9 are passed through guide bar 6 sliding connection and are gone up to the sliding sleeve 5 of bracing piece 4, be equipped with a directional stress induction probe 10 on the stress inductor 9, stress inductor 9 is connected to the data collection station of computer through data derivation line, cylinder 1 is connected to the data collection station of computer through the cable.
The stress sensor 9 with proper size is selected according to different apertures, a stress sensor 9 is a directional stress sensing probe 10, the stress sensor 9 is guaranteed to be in good contact with the inner side of a bridge, the initial force of the stress sensor 9 can reach 40MPa at most, when the initial bearing force of the stress sensor 9 is larger than the stress around a drill hole, the stress sensor 9 is in self-adaptive pressure relief contact with the bridge body around the drill hole through the telescopic directional stress sensing probe 10, the stress change condition is monitored, the directional sensing probe 10 is aligned to the mining stress direction to be monitored, the cylinder 1 is used for driving the screw rod 2 to slowly feed the stress sensor 9 into the specified position of the drill hole, the stress sensing probe 10 is enabled to be in monitoring after being in coupling contact with the periphery of the drill hole, and the numerical value change of the stress sensor is observed.
Example 3
Combine figure 4, straining mechanism 100 establishes two, two straining mechanisms 100 are along the radial setting of fixed disk 200, two straining mechanism 100's stress inductor 9 are the crossing setting of 90, can monitor horizontal stress and vertical stress simultaneously, aim at the vertical direction with certain stress induction probe 10 of two stress inductor 9, and another stress induction probe 10 then aims at the horizontal direction, sends into the assigned position with screw rod 2 and lead piece 7 with stress inductor 9 slowly, pressurizes the monitoring respectively to two stress induction probes 10.
Example 4
Combine fig. 5, the straining mechanism 100 establishes threely, wherein two of three straining mechanisms 100 are along the radial distribution of fixed disk 200, wherein the stress inductor 9 of two straining mechanisms 100 is the crossing setting of 90, another axial setting along fixed disk 200 among three straining mechanism 100, with the arbitrary stress induction probe 10 of two radial stress induction probes 10 of the stress inductor 9 of three direction alignment vertical direction, another radial stress induction probe 10 then aligns the horizontal direction, slowly send into the hole bottom with three-dimensional stress inductor 9 with screw rod 2, during the pressurization, pressurize two stress induction probes 10 respectively earlier, later to radial stress induction probe 10 injection pressure, monitor after the injection pressure is accomplished.
In the measuring process, the stress induction probe directions of the three stress mechanisms are respectively X, Y and Z, wherein X and Y are in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction along the fixed disc, Z is in the axial direction along the fixed disc, the included angles between X, Y and Z are respectively 30 degrees, 45 degrees, X 'and Y' are the actual directions of the stress inductor, the included angle between X and X 'is alpha, and the included angle between Y and Y' is beta, then: x = X 'cos α + Y' sin β, Y = X 'sin α + Y' cos β; z = X 'cos (30 ° + α) + Y' cos (45 ° + β).
In the field monitoring, the magnitude and direction of the actual main stress can be obtained in the monitoring process only by combining the induction probes of the stressometers in multiple directions, combining the induction probes in one stressometer according to fixed included angles according to requirements, and writing the algorithm into a program, so that the magnitude and direction change of the actual main stress can be monitored in the mining stress monitoring process.
Example 5
Inside of bridge test piece, the ascending unipolar compressive strength W of unilateral satisfies: w = (F) Y - F X )[ F X 2 + F Y 2 + F Z 2 -2υ(F X F Y + F X F Z + F Y F Z )]/2E, wherein F X 、F Y 、F Z The uniaxial stresses in the X, Y, and Z directions of the test piece are shown, E is the elastic modulus of the test piece, and ν is the poisson ratio of the test piece.
For the interior of the bridge test piece, different stress amplitudes delta sigma under cyclic load satisfy: Δ σ = F i n i /N i Wherein n is i Representing the number of times the force-applying mechanism acts, N i Shows the normal amplitude loading fatigue life of the test piece corresponding to the stress amplitude, F i The critical stress value of the test piece at the fatigue failure is shown.
The fatigue damage caused by the corresponding action times can be obtained after linear accumulation: d = ∑ (n) i /N i ) And when D is larger than or equal to 1, the fatigue failure of the test piece is shown.
Energy conversion always follows the least energy principle of power disruption: when the test piece is damaged under the action of three-dimensional stress, the internal stress of the test piece is redistributed, the energy consumed for the damage is always the damage energy in a one-way stress state, and the critical maximum energy release rate of the test piece in various stress states can be represented by the energy release rate in uniaxial compression.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and substitutions made within the scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for realizing the stress real-time monitoring of a railway bridge is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, drilling a hole in the center of a test piece, enclosing the test piece by using a protection device, and tightly and accurately contacting the upper side and the lower side of the test piece with the centers of the bottoms of the two sides of the test piece by using pressure shafts (500);
s2, installing and arranging a related dynamic stress monitoring computer, and placing a monitoring system into a drill hole of the test piece;
s3, a power supply of the monitoring system is connected, the screw rod (2) and the lead block (7) are driven to transmit through the air cylinder (1) of the monitoring system, an initial pressure is provided for the stress sensor (9) of the monitoring system, the stress sensing probe (10) of the monitoring system is in coupling contact with the test piece, and pressurization is stopped;
s4, turning on switches of a computer and a data collector, starting to collect data, controlling the air cylinder (1) to gradually pressurize the test piece in each direction, and automatically storing experimental data;
s5, pressurizing until the test piece is completely destroyed and failed, stopping pressurizing, closing the system and analyzing related data;
the stress real-time monitoring method adopts the following monitoring system, the monitoring system comprises a fixed disc (200) and a force applying mechanism (100) arranged on the fixed disc (200), the force applying mechanism (100) comprises an air cylinder (1), a screw rod (2), a supporting rod (4) and a stress inductor (9), one end of the screw rod (2) is connected with the output end of the air cylinder (1), the other end of the air cylinder (1) is connected to the stress inductor (9) through a lead block (7), and two sides of the stress inductor (9) are connected to a sliding sleeve (5) of the supporting rod (4) in a sliding mode through guide rods (6);
the number of the force applying mechanisms (100) is three, two of the three force applying mechanisms (100) are distributed along the radial direction of the fixed disk (200), stress inductors (9) of the two force applying mechanisms (100) are arranged in a 90-degree intersection manner, and the other force applying mechanism (100) is arranged along the axial direction of the fixed disk (200); in the measuring process, the stress induction probe directions of the three stress applying mechanisms (100) are respectively X, Y and Z, wherein X and Y are in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction along the fixed disc, Z is in the axial direction along the fixed disc, the included angles between X, Y and Z are respectively 30 degrees and 45 degrees, X 'and Y' are the actual directions of the stress inductors, the included angle between X and X 'is alpha, and the included angle between Y and Y' is beta, then:
X=X'cosα+Y'sinβ，Y=X'sinα+Y'cosβ；
Z=X'cos（30°+α）+Y'cos（45°+β）；
when the stress mechanism pressurizes and impacts the inside of the bridge, the external force F received by the stress inductor meets the following requirements:
F=ku+εd(u)/d(t)，
wherein k is the rigidity of the bridge, epsilon is the resistance coefficient of the bridge, and u is the displacement of the screw at any moment.
2. The method for realizing the real-time monitoring of the stress of the railway bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that: stress inductor (9) are equipped with mounting bracket (8) towards one side outside of bracing piece (4), equal fixed connection to mounting bracket (8) of lead block (7) and guide bar (6).
3. The method for realizing the real-time stress monitoring of the railway bridge according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the supporting rod (4) and the cylinder (1) are fixed on the fixed disc (200) through bolts, the guide cylinder (3) is arranged outside the screw rod (2), and the guide cylinder (3) is fixedly connected to the fixed disc (200) through bolts.
4. The method for realizing the real-time stress monitoring of the railway bridge according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the stress sensor (9) is provided with a directional stress sensing probe (10), the stress sensor (9) is connected to a data acquisition unit of a computer through a data lead-out wire, and the cylinder (1) is connected to the data acquisition unit of the computer through a cable.
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