CN112393214A - Premixing water-cooling combustion corner tube steam boiler - Google Patents
Premixing water-cooling combustion corner tube steam boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN112393214A CN112393214A CN202011288231.9A CN202011288231A CN112393214A CN 112393214 A CN112393214 A CN 112393214A CN 202011288231 A CN202011288231 A CN 202011288231A CN 112393214 A CN112393214 A CN 112393214A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/22—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using combustion under pressure substantially exceeding atmospheric pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/08—Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
- F22B37/14—Supply mains, e.g. rising mains, down-comers, in connection with water tubes
- F22B37/143—Panel shaped heating surfaces built up from tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/02—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters with water tubes arranged in the boiler furnace, fire tubes, or flue ways
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Abstract
The invention discloses a premixed water-cooled combustion corner tube steam boiler which comprises a combustor, a boiler body, a condenser and a chimney. The combustor comprises a premixer, a divergent distributor and a water-cooled combustion head; the boiler body comprises a boiler barrel, a frame structure formed by four-corner downcomers and a header, a front wall water-cooled wall in butt joint with a burner, a convection tube panel, a left side membrane water-cooled wall, a right side membrane water-cooled wall, a heat insulating material and a shell; the condenser is arranged at the tail part of the boiler body. The gas and air are mixed by the premixer and fed into the gradually-expanding distributor formed from outer shell plate and flow-guiding cone, and fed into the water-cooled combustion head formed from perforated plate, light tube and front wall water-cooled wall light tube portion to make ignition, and the water-cooled combustion can reduce combustion temperature and reduce NOxDischarging, then scouring and convection of high-temperature flue gasThe pipe bundle is arranged, the smoke temperature is reduced to the depth of the condenser, and the heat efficiency of the boiler is improved. The water-cooled combustion head has the functions of backfire prevention and fire drop prevention, ensures the combustion safety, is self-supported by the corner pipe as a whole boiler, does not need a steel frame, and has simple structure and manufacture, modular structure and quick field assembly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gas boilers, and particularly relates to a premixed water-cooling combustion corner tube steam boiler.
Background
The energy structure mainly based on coal supports economic development, causes serious pollution, and in recent years, urbanization and industrialization continue to be promoted, so that the energy consumption of residents per capita is increased, but the bearing capacity of the environment is weakened, and meanwhile, the requirements of the people on ecological construction are continuously improved. In order to meet the requirements of all parties, natural gas is used as a relatively efficient and clean fuel energy source at the present stage, and the natural gas plays a crucial role in the historical process of energy structure transformation. It is expected that the use of natural gas will continue to increase at a high rate over the next 15 years.
In recent years, the technology of the surface burner is developed rapidly and in various forms. The water-cooled burner, the porous ceramic plate burner and the metal fiber or metal wire mesh burner have large regulation ratio, the flame is uniform, the flame temperature is lower than 1100 ℃, the generation of thermal nitrogen oxides is inhibited, the emission of the nitrogen oxides is lower than 30mg, and the latest environmental protection standard is met. The planar burner is used as a form of the surface burner, and the arrangement can be completed only by utilizing one furnace wall of the boiler. The burner distribution head has a short flame length and floats only in the space 200mm behind the combustion plane, thus requiring less furnace space. At present, the surface burner is mainly applied to small-capacity boilers such as gas-fired hot water boilers, gas-fired wall-mounted boilers and the like, but the surface burner also relates to the pressure-bearing gas boiler market.
The existing gas-fired boilers in the market at present can be divided into water tube boilers and fire tube boilers according to the working medium flowing mode. The most common of the fire tube gas boilers is WNS series gas boilers, and the tube plate structure can bear limited pressure, so the capacity generally does not exceed 20 tons, and the large-scale boiler cannot be realized. The most common of the water pipe gas boilers is the SZS series gas boiler, the evaporation capacity of the water pipe gas boiler can reach a higher level compared with a fire pipe boiler, but due to the fact that the water pipe gas boiler has a double-drum structure, all heat exchange pipe bundles are welded with drums at the upper end and the lower end, the welding workload is large, and the welding quality requirement is high. In addition, above-mentioned two kinds of boilers all need increase steel frame construction in the boiler body outside and carry out whole support, need additionally to consume steel on the one hand, and on the other hand bearing structure makes the holistic stability of boiler and anti-seismic performance limited with being connected of body.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a premixed water-cooled combustion corner tube steam boiler, which is a high-capacity pressure-bearing steam boiler, and is analyzed by combining the characteristics of a corner tube boiler and a surface type combustor, so that low-nitrogen combustion is realized, and the pressure-bearing capacity and the convenience of maintenance of the boiler are ensured.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a premixed water-cooled combustion corner tube steam boiler comprises a boiler barrel, a combustor, a downcomer, a lower water header, an upper steam-water mixing header, an upper steam header, a front wall water-cooled wall, a convection tube panel and a membrane water-cooled wall; the upper steam-water mixing header is communicated with the lower water header through a four-corner downcomer, and the top of the upper steam-water mixing header is communicated with the upper steam header; the outlet of the combustor is opposite to the middle part of the front wall water-cooled wall, the membrane water-cooled walls are arranged on two sides, and the upper end and the lower end of each membrane water-cooled wall are respectively communicated with the upper steam-water mixing header and the lower water header; the convection tube panels are arranged between the membrane water-cooled walls on the two sides, the upper ends of the convection tube panels are communicated with the upper steam-water mixing header, and the lower ends of the convection tube panels are communicated with the lower water header; the drum is communicated with the upper steam-water mixing header and the upper steam header, and the drum is communicated with the lower water header through a downcomer; a transverse stiffening beam is arranged between the lower water headers;
the combustor comprises a premixer, a divergent distributor and a water-cooled combustion head which are sequentially connected, wherein the divergent distributor is provided with an outer shell plate, the area of an inlet of the divergent distributor is smaller than that of an outlet of the divergent distributor, the outlet of the divergent distributor is provided with a flow equalizing pore plate, and a plurality of flow equalizing pores are formed in the flow equalizing pore plate; set up a plurality of water conservancy diversion cones in the divergent distributor, water-cooled combustion head includes that header on the combustor, combustor collection box and combustor water-cooled tube bank under the combustor, and the upper and lower both ends of combustor water-cooled tube bank communicate header on the combustor and combustor collection box under the combustor respectively, and the header communicates the drum on the combustor, and the header communicates boiler feed pipe under the combustor, and water conservancy diversion cone, the orifice plate and water-cooled combustion head set up in the shell plate.
The front wall water-cooled wall is provided with a flange plate, the shell plate is detachably connected with the front wall water-cooled wall through the flange plate, and the connecting surface of the shell plate and the flange plate is sealed.
The premixer comprises a cylindrical barrel, one end of the cylindrical barrel is provided with a premixer inlet, the other end of the cylindrical barrel is provided with a premixer outlet, and the premixer inlet is communicated with the fan outlet; an annular cylinder with a closed top and a closed bottom is arranged in the cylindrical cylinder, a plurality of air holes are formed in the inner wall and the outer wall of the annular cylinder, a gas inlet is formed in the side surface of the annular cylinder, and the internal space of the annular cylinder is communicated with the gas inlet; the inlet of the premixer is provided with swirl vanes, the outlet of the premixer is provided with a rectifying plate, and the rectifying plate and the annular cylinder form an air flow channel parallel to the axis of the annular cylinder.
The convection tube panel comprises unit tube panels which are vertically arranged in parallel, an independent upper collecting box and an independent lower collecting box are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of each unit tube panel, each unit tube panel is arranged to the light exhaust pipe, and the two ends of the upper collecting box are communicated with the upper steam-water mixing collecting box and the lower collecting box are communicated with the lower water collecting box; the convection tube panel comprises a high-temperature convection tube panel and a low-temperature convection tube panel; 4-6 rows of convection tube panels close to the hearth region are high-temperature convection tube panels; the outer diameter of a light pipe of the high-temperature convection tube panel is 50-200 mm; the convection tube panel behind the high-temperature convection tube panel is a low-temperature convection tube panel, and the outer diameter of a light tube of the low-temperature convection tube panel is 25-76 mm; the middle section part of the low-temperature convection tube bundle is reserved with an overhaul space with the width not less than 50cm, and the upper header and the lower header of the low-temperature convection tube panels at the front and the rear of the overhaul space are connected by a horizontal connecting pipeline formed by mixing flat steel and a light tube.
The front wall water-cooled wall adopts independent upper and lower headers and heat exchange tubes which are connected up and down to form a unit structure, the upper end and the lower end of each heat exchange tube are bent backwards, the heat exchange tubes of the front wall water-cooled wall adopt light tubes with the outer diameter of 25-76 mm and flat steel with the outer diameter of 10-40 mm which are arranged at intervals, and the light tubes are arranged at the positions which are directly butted with the outlets of the gradually expanding distributors in the combustor, so that premixed gas can pass through the gaps of the light tubes.
The membrane type water-cooled wall adopts light tubes with the outer diameter of 25-76 mm and flat steel with the outer diameter of 10-60 mm which are arranged at intervals, or adopts finned tubes at the middle part.
The membrane type water-cooled wall is provided with an interface close to the joint of the divergent distributor and the front wall water-cooled wall, and the interface is used for arranging and connecting an ignition gun, a fire detection needle and a fire observation hole; and a manhole is reserved in the middle section of the membrane water-cooled walls on the two sides, which is close to the convection tube panel.
The height of the drum and the steam-water mixing header is lower than that of the steam header, the drum is provided with a water replenishing port, an external condenser and a chimney are arranged behind the convection tube panel, and a water outlet of the condenser is communicated with the water replenishing port of the drum.
The outer wall of the downcomer is provided with a heat-insulating layer, a fire-resistant layer and a heat-insulating layer are sequentially arranged from the boiler body to the outside, and a shell is arranged on the outer side of the heat-insulating layer.
The front wall water-cooled wall light pipe part and the surface of the convection tube panel close to the boiler furnace space are sprayed with a nickel-chromium alloy layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the boiler body is a frame type corner tube structure which is built by a boiler barrel, a down pipe, a lower water header, an upper mixed header, an upper steam header and a transverse reinforcing beam, the structure is self-pressure-bearing and can be used as a supporting frame of the whole boiler, so that the boiler does not need to be additionally provided with a steel frame structure, the structural stability and the anti-seismic performance of the whole boiler are ensured, the thick-wall down pipes at four corners are simultaneously arranged at the front and the back of the boiler body, the descending flow of internal water is not influenced by heat, the water circulation characteristic of the whole boiler is good, only one boiler barrel needs to be arranged on the whole body, and more convection tube panels can be arranged from front to back along the flow direction of flue gas, so that the heat;
the planar burner is combined with the traditional corner tube boiler, so that the advantages of the planar burner are fully exerted, and the larger hearth volume of the traditional corner tube boiler is reduced as much as possible; the advantage of good water circulation performance of the corner tube boiler can be fully exerted, the thick-wall down pipes at four corners are simultaneously arranged at the front and the back of the boiler body, so that the descending flow of the internal water is not influenced by heat, the overall water circulation characteristic of the boiler is good, only one boiler barrel is needed to be arranged integrally, and more convection tube panels can be arranged from front to back along the flow direction of flue gas, so that the overall heat absorption capacity of the boiler body is improved; the heat efficiency of the boiler is improved; the planar burner adopts the principle of reducing the emission of nitrogen oxides by water-cooling combustion, and utilizes a part of the heating surface of the boiler body as a water-cooling flame tube bundle of the burner, thereby reducing the combustion temperature and reducing the emission of NOx.
Further, the boiler body passes through flange joint's the distributor that gradually expands of dismantling, and the water-cooling combustion head sets up in gradually expanding the distributor, forms modular structure, and the installation of being convenient for has avoided traditional water-cooling low-nitrogen combustor distributor head to block up condemned problem because of the carbon deposit during long-term operation because of unable dismantlement leads to simultaneously.
Furthermore, the convection tube panel comprises unit tube panels which are vertically arranged in parallel, an independent upper header and a lower header are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of each unit tube panel, each unit tube panel is arranged to the light exhaust tube, and the two ends of the upper header are communicated with the upper steam-water mixed header and the lower header are communicated with the lower water header; the upper steam-water mixing header and the lower water header are connected with membrane water walls on two sides and simultaneously connected with a large number of convection tube panels, and reducing treatment can be carried out on the joints of the convection tube panel headers and the body header as required, so that the distance between the openings in the headers is increased, and the influence on the overall strength and stability of the diagonal tube frame structure caused by excessive openings is avoided.
Furthermore, 4-6 rows of convection tube panels close to the hearth region are close to flame and are high-temperature convection tube panels, on one hand, considerable radiation heat exchange exists between the high-temperature convection tube panels and the hearth space, on the other hand, the temperature of flue gas for washing the part is relatively high, so that the convection heat exchange is also severe, and the problems of flow stagnation and heat transfer deterioration caused by severe heat exchange can be avoided by adopting tubes with large diameters; at boiler body low temperature convection bank middle section part, can reserve the maintenance space that the width is not less than 50cm, the upper and lower collection case department of the low temperature convection bank of tubes around maintenance space is connected through the horizontal connection pipeline of the similar diaphragm type wall that band steel and light pipe constitute, when retraining the flue gas flow, absorbs certain flue gas heat.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall schematic view of a main body structure of a premixed water-cooled combustion corner tube steam boiler according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic connection diagram of a premixed water-cooled combustion corner tube steam boiler body according to the present invention, wherein: FIG. 2a is a schematic sectional view of the whole front view of a premixed water-cooled combustion corner tube steam boiler of the present invention, and FIG. 2b is a schematic sectional view of the connection of a partial header of the premixed water-cooled combustion corner tube steam boiler of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional top view of a water circulation loop of a premixed water-cooled combustion corner tube steam boiler body according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the divergent burner distributor 4 of a premixed water-cooled combustion angle tube steam boiler of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a premixer 3 of a premixed water-cooled combustion angle tube steam boiler according to the present invention.
In the attached drawing, 1-boiler barrel, 2-shell, 3-premixer, 31-premixer inlet, 32-gas inlet, 33-annular barrel, 34-swirl vane, 35-rectifying plate, 4-divergent distributor, 41-shell plate, 42-premixed gas inlet, 43-guide cone, 44-upper combustor header, 45-lower combustor header, 46-flow equalizing pore plate, 47-combustor water-cooling tube bundle, 5-down pipe, 6-lower water header, 7-upper steam-water mixing header, 8-upper steam header, 9-transverse stiffening beam, 10-front wall water-cooling wall, 11-convection tube panel, 111-high temperature convection tube panel, 112-low temperature convection tube panel, 113-maintenance space, 114-horizontal connecting pipeline, 12-membrane water-cooled wall, 13-external condenser and 14-chimney.
Detailed Description
The corner tube boiler is applied to various large-capacity pressure-bearing boilers as a fully developed water tube boiler form. The frame-type structure self-supporting pressure that the corner tube is constituteed can regard as the holistic braced frame of boiler for the boiler need not plus steel frame construction, improves holistic structural stability of boiler and anti-seismic performance. The angle pipes form independent descending pipes in front of and behind the boiler, when the descending pipes are separated from a smoke flowing area through heat insulation materials, descending flow in the descending pipes is not affected by heat, so that the overall water circulation characteristic of the boiler is good, the boiler is only provided with one boiler barrel, more pipe bundles can be arranged from front to back along the smoke flowing direction, the adaptability to small hearth space is good, the large-capacity pressure-bearing steam boiler which can realize low-nitrogen combustion by combining a plane type burner with the angle pipe boiler is designed, and meanwhile, the pressure-bearing capacity and the convenience of maintenance of the boiler are guaranteed, and the arrangement is smooth.
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The front part and the rear part of the invention are explained by relative positions of the boiler body, the position of the burner is the front part, and the position of the chimney is the rear part.
As shown in fig. 1, a premixed water-cooled combustion corner tube steam boiler comprises a boiler barrel 1, a burner, a downcomer 5, a lower water header 6, an upper steam-water mixing header 7, an upper steam header 8, a front wall water-cooled wall 10, a convection tube panel 11 and a membrane water-cooled wall 12; the upper steam-water mixing header 7 is communicated with the lower water header 6 through the four-corner down pipes 5, and the top of the upper steam-water mixing header 7 is communicated with the upper steam header 8; the outlet of the burner is over against the middle part of the front wall water-cooled wall 10, the membrane water-cooled wall 12 is arranged at two sides, and the upper end and the lower end of the membrane water-cooled wall 12 are respectively communicated with the upper steam-water mixing header 7 and the lower water header 6; the convection tube panels 11 are arranged between the membrane water walls 12 on the two sides, the upper ends of the convection tube panels 11 are communicated with the upper steam-water mixing header 7, and the lower ends of the convection tube panels 11 are communicated with the lower water header 6; the drum 1 is communicated with an upper steam-water mixing header 7 and an upper steam header 8, and the drum 1 is communicated with a lower water header 6 through a downcomer 5;
the combustor comprises a premixer 3, a divergent distributor 4 and a water-cooled combustion head which are sequentially connected, wherein the divergent distributor 4 is provided with an outer shell plate 41, the area of an inlet of the divergent distributor 4 is smaller than that of an outlet of the divergent distributor, the outlet of the divergent distributor 4 is provided with a flow equalizing pore plate 46, and the flow equalizing pore plate 46 is provided with a plurality of flow equalizing pores; the divergent distributor 4 is internally provided with a plurality of flow guide cones 43, the water-cooled combustion head comprises an upper combustor header 44, a lower combustor header 45 and a combustor water-cooled tube bundle 47, the upper end and the lower end of the combustor water-cooled tube bundle 47 are respectively communicated with the upper combustor header 44 and the lower combustor header 45, the upper combustor header 44 is communicated with the boiler barrel 1, the lower combustor header 45 is communicated with a boiler water supply pipeline, and the flow guide cones 43, the flow equalizing pore plates 46 and the water-cooled combustion head are arranged in the shell plate 41.
The boiler body comprises a boiler barrel 1, a downcomer 5, a lower water header 6, an upper mixed header 7, an upper steam header 8 and a transverse reinforcing beam 9 which are built into a frame type corner tube structure, membrane water walls 12 on the left side and the right side are arranged between the lower water header 6 and the upper steam-water mixed header 7, a front wall water wall 10 and a convection tube panel 11 are communicated with an upper header and a lower header which are independent of each other, two ends of the upper header are connected with the upper steam-water mixed header 7 of the boiler body, the upper part of the upper steam-water mixed header 7 is communicated with the upper steam header 8 of the boiler body, and the left end and the right end of the lower header are communicated with the lower water header 6 of the boiler body; the boiler burner comprises a premixer 3, a divergent distributor 4 and a water-cooled combustion head which are connected in sequence, wherein the water-cooled combustion head comprises a pore plate contained in the burner and a light tube in a water-cooled wall 10 of the front wall of the boiler body, and the boiler burner is butted with the water-cooled wall 10 of the front wall of the boiler body; the tail part of the boiler body is also sequentially connected with an external condenser 13 and a chimney 14; the boiler body is filled with refractory materials and heat insulation materials in sequence, and the boiler body is wrapped by the shell 2 integrally. Air and natural gas are fully mixed after entering a premixer 3, then enter a combustor divergent distributor 4, and are uniformly distributed on the whole plane, then enter a combustion head consisting of a combustor orifice plate, a water-cooled tube bundle and a light tube part of a front wall water-cooled wall 10 for ignition, and are subjected to water-cooled combustion in a hearth space surrounded by a group of front of the front wall water-cooled wall 10 and a group of convection tube panels 11 and membrane water-cooled walls 12 at the left and right sides, the generated high-temperature flue gas is surrounded by the membrane water-cooled walls 12 at the two sides to form a flue gas corridor, the convection tube panels 11 are washed from front to back, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to below 300 ℃ from 1100 ℃, then the flue gas flows out of the tail part of a boiler body and enters an external condenser 13 for further. The upper half area of the drum 1, the inside of the steam header 8 and the upper half inside the steam-water mixing header 7 are steam spaces, and the lower half area of the drum 1, the lower half inside the steam-water mixing header 7, the four-corner down pipes 5 and the lower water header 6 are water spaces. Boiler feed water enters from a water replenishing port of a boiler barrel 1, enters a water space of the boiler barrel 1 and a steam-water mixing header 7, flows downwards through a four-corner downcomer 5, flows from the front end to the middle end after entering a lower water header 6, and then, part of the water upwards enters membrane water walls 12 on two sides to exchange heat mainly in a radiation mode with flue gas, and the other part of the water inwards enters a lower header of a front wall water wall 10 and a convection tube panel 11 to exchange heat mainly in a radiation mode and a convection mode with the flue gas respectively. The water generates steam and ascends to flow in the heating surface, the generated large-volume steam is collected in the steam space at the upper part of the steam-water mixing header 7 and the steam header 8 and finally leaves the boiler through the steam space at the upper part of the boiler barrel 1, and the water which is not completely evaporated passes through the water space at the lower part of the steam-water mixing header 7 to be distributed and circulated again. The boiler body comprises a frame type corner tube structure formed by building a boiler barrel 1, four-corner descending pipes 5, a lower water collecting tank 6, an upper mixing collecting tank 7, an upper steam collecting tank 8 and a transverse reinforcing beam 9, the structure can bear pressure and can serve as a whole supporting frame of the boiler, the boiler does not need an additional steel frame structure, and the whole structural stability and the anti-seismic performance of the boiler are improved. The boiler body is provided with the thick-wall down pipes 5 arranged at four corners at the front and the back simultaneously, and the down pipes are separated from the flue gas flowing area through the heat insulation material, so that the descending flow of the internal water is not influenced by heat, the overall water circulation characteristic of the boiler is good, only one boiler barrel 1 needs to be arranged on the whole body, and more convection tube panels 11 can be arranged from front to back along the flue gas flowing direction, so that the overall heat absorption capacity of the boiler body is improved.
As shown in fig. 2a of fig. 2, the convection tube panel 11 of the boiler body is composed of a series of unit tube panels arranged vertically and in parallel, each unit tube panel is communicated with an independent upper header and a lower header, the upper header and the lower header are connected with 2-3 rows of light tubes, the upper header of each group of tube panels is horizontally kept on the same horizontal plane with the axis of the upper mixing header 7 of the boiler body, and the upper header is communicated with the upper mixing header 7; the lower header of each group of tube panels is kept on the same horizontal plane with the axis of the lower water header 6 of the boiler body in the horizontal direction, and the lower header is communicated with the lower water header 6; the left and right upper mixing headers 7 of the boiler body are respectively connected with the steam headers 8 at the left and right sides of the top of the boiler body. As shown in fig. 2b of fig. 2, the upper steam-water mixing header 7 and the lower water header 6 of the boiler body are connected with a large number of convection tube panels 11 while connecting the membrane water walls 12 at both sides, and the connection between each convection tube panel header and the boiler body header can be subjected to diameter reduction treatment as required, so that the distance between the openings on the header is increased, and the influence of excessive openings on the overall strength and stability of the diagonal tube frame structure is avoided.
As shown in FIG. 3, the lower ends of the membrane walls 12 on the left and right sides are connected with a lower water header 6 of the boiler body, and the upper ends are connected with a steam-water mixing header 7 on the upper part of the boiler body. The membrane type water-cooled wall 12 is bent inwards from the left side and the right side by a set angle to be close to the light pipe parts of the front wall water-cooled wall 10 and the convection tube panel 11, so that a hearth space and an overhaul space are enclosed, and a flue gas corridor is formed to restrict and guide the flow of flue gas. The membrane water-cooled walls 12 on the two sides can be formed by welding light pipes with the outer diameter of 25-76 mm and flat steel with the outer diameter of 10-60 mm at intervals or welding the middle parts of fin pipes, wherein the membrane water-cooled walls 12 on the two sides of the hearth space need to adopt larger pipe diameters due to larger heat absorption capacity. Corresponding interfaces are arranged near the joint of the combustor divergent distributor 4 and the front wall water-cooled wall 10 of the membrane water-cooled walls 12 on the two sides to connect a fire gun and a fire detection needle and provide a fire observation hole for igniting premixed gas to ignite and detecting observation flame respectively. Manholes are arranged in the corresponding positions of the membrane water walls 12 on the two sides, which are close to the reserved overhaul space in the middle section of the convection tube panel 10, in the reserved space. The convection tube panel 11 is divided into a high-temperature convection tube panel 111 and a low-temperature convection tube panel 112, wherein 4-6 rows of convection tube panels close to a hearth area are close to flame and are called as the high-temperature convection tube panel 111, on one hand, considerable radiation heat exchange exists between the part and a hearth space, on the other hand, the part is flushed by flue gas with relatively high temperature, so that the convection heat exchange is also severe, therefore, a large-diameter tube with the outer diameter of 51-200 mm is needed, and the problems of flow stagnation and heat transfer deterioration caused by severe heat exchange can be avoided. The convection tube panel arranged behind the high-temperature convection tube panel 111 is called as a low-temperature convection tube panel 112, and a light tube with the outer diameter of 25-76 mm is adopted. An overhaul space 113 with the width not less than 50cm can be reserved in the middle section of the low-temperature convection tube bundle 112 of the boiler body, and the upper and lower header tanks of the low-temperature convection tube panels at the front and the rear of the overhaul space are connected through a horizontal connecting pipeline 114 which is made of flat steel and light tubes and is similar to a membrane wall, so that the flow of smoke is restrained, and meanwhile, certain smoke heat is absorbed.
As shown in FIG. 4, the front wall water wall 10 is also a structure which is formed by connecting a water independent upper header and a water independent lower header with a concave heat exchange tube up and down to form a unit similar to a convection tube panel 11, the heat exchange tube adopts a structure similar to a membrane wall, is formed by arranging and welding light tubes with the outer diameter of 25-76 mm and flat steel with the outer diameter of 10-40 mm at intervals, and keeps a light tube state at a position directly butted with the outlet of the divergent distributor 4 without welding the flat steel, so that premixed gas can pass through the light tube gap, and the part of the light tubes, a burner orifice plate and an inner light tube form a water-cooled combustion head of the burner. The premixed gas leaves a light pipe gap of the front wall water-cooled wall 10 and then is ignited, the front wall water-cooled wall 10 can absorb the radiant heat of flame and cool the root part of the flame, the combustion temperature is reduced so as to form water-cooled combustion, and low-nitrogen combustion with the converted nitrogen oxide content lower than 30mg is realized under the condition that the excess air coefficient is less than 1.3.
The combustor comprises a premixer 3, a divergent distributor 4 and a water-cooled combustion head, wherein the divergent distributor 4 comprises an outer shell plate 41, a premixed gas inlet 42, a flow guide cone 43 and a flow equalizing pore plate 46; the water-cooled combustion head comprises a combustor upper header 44, a combustor lower header 45 and a combustor water-cooled tube bundle 47, mixed gas of air and natural gas from the premixer 3 enters from a premixed gas inlet 42, is primarily distributed through a guide cone 43, flows to a flow equalizing pore plate 46 for further homogenization, then flows through a gap between the combustor water-cooled tube bundle 47 and a light tube part of a front wall water-cooled wall 10 of the boiler body, and enters a hearth space for ignition and combustion. The flow guide cones and the flow equalizing pore plates are positioned in the outer shell plate 41, and the flow of the premixed gas reaching the combustion plane is uniform at each position by reasonably setting the number and the structure of the flow guide cones 43 and the flow equalizing pore plates 46. In the water-cooling combustion head part, the small holes on the flow equalizing pore plate 46, the gaps between the burner water-cooling tube bundle 47 and the light pipe part of the water-cooling wall 10 of the front wall of the furnace body can play the roles of backfire prevention and flame stabilization. The burner header cold pipe bundle 47 may be cooled by feed water from the boiler economizer, leaving the burner divergent 4 and entering the drum 1. The connection between the burner divergent distributor 4 and the water wall 10 of the front wall of the boiler body is detachable. The combustor divergent distributor 4 is connected with the front wall water-cooled wall 10 in a flange connection mode, a circle of raised flange surface is arranged at the corresponding position of the front wall water-cooled wall 10 and is connected with and sealed with the flange surface at the outlet position on the shell plate 41 of the divergent distributor 4, and premixed gas leakage is avoided. During the operation of the boiler, the water-cooled burner distribution head tube bundle 47 and the high-temperature convection tube panel 11 close to the hearth space are subjected to carbon deposition and other corrosion phenomena, the detachable burner is convenient to overhaul, and the long-period safe operation of the boiler is easier to realize.
As shown in fig. 5, the premixer 3 uniformly mixes air and gas and is connected to the premixed gas inlet 42 of the burner divergent distributor 4. The premixer inlet 31 is connected with the fan through a circular-square structure, natural gas enters the annular cylinder 33 with the front end and the rear end closed for gas distribution from the premixer gas inlet 32, is ejected at a high speed through holes formed in the circumferential direction of the inner side and the outer side of the annular cylinder 33, is fully mixed with air which is sent by the fan and generates rotational flow through the swirl vanes 34, and the generated premixed gas is then eliminated and rotated through the rectifying plate 35 on the outlet side along the air entering direction and finally enters the combustor divergent distributor 4. The rectifying plate 35 may be a cross plate type, a cross plate type or a parallel plate type.
The shell 2 wraps the whole boiler body part, an opening is reserved at the corresponding position of the combustor divergent distributor 4 butted with the boiler front wall water-cooled wall 10 and the boiler tail part connected external condenser 13, the combustor and the external condenser 13 are convenient to disassemble and repair, and meanwhile, a repair hole, a fire observation hole, an ignition hole and a measuring point hole are reserved at the corresponding position. The upper and lower header outsides of each header of boiler body and convection current tube panel set up the flame retardant coating and prevent that the high temperature flue gas from leaking, can strengthen being connected with the flame retardant coating through bar band steel, needle-like protruding or grab nail moreover to further fill thermal-insulated insulation material between boiler body and shell 2, with reduction boiler body heat dissipation loss. The boiler body and most structures of the burner are not condensed, carbon steel materials can be selected, the light pipe part of the front wall water-cooled wall 10 and the high-temperature convection tube panel 111 close to the space of the boiler furnace are washed by high-temperature flame for a long time, condensed water is possibly generated on the surface when the boiler is shut down, high-temperature corrosion and low-temperature corrosion need to be prevented, and if stainless steel is adopted, the problem of dissimilar steel welding can be solved, so that the corrosion resistance can be improved by adopting a mode of spraying nickel-chromium alloy on the surface; the external condenser 13 is used for deep condensation heat exchange of flue gas, and stainless steel material such as 304 stainless steel is used.
The tail part of the boiler body is also sequentially connected with an external condenser 13 and a chimney 14; the boiler body is filled with refractory materials and heat insulation materials in sequence, and the boiler body is wrapped by the shell 2 integrally. Air and natural gas are fully mixed after entering a premixer 3, then enter a combustor divergent distributor 4, and are uniformly distributed on the whole plane, then enter a combustion head consisting of a combustor orifice plate, a water-cooled tube bundle and a light tube part of a front wall water-cooled wall 10 for ignition, and are subjected to water-cooled combustion in a hearth space surrounded by a group of front membrane water-cooled wall 10 and a group of convection tube panels 11 and membrane water-cooled walls 12 on the left side and the right side, the generated high-temperature flue gas passes through a flue gas circulation area surrounded by the membrane water-cooled walls 12 on the two sides, washes the convection tube panels 11 from front to back, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced to below 300 ℃ from 1100 ℃, then flows out of the tail part of a boiler body, enters an external condenser 13 for further deep condensation heat exchange, and is. The upper half area of the drum 1, the inside of the steam header 8 and the upper half inside the steam-water mixing header 7 are steam spaces, and the lower half area of the drum 1, the lower half inside the steam-water mixing header 7, the downcomer 5 and the lower water header 6 are water spaces.
Boiler feed water enters from a water replenishing port of a boiler barrel 1, enters a water space of the boiler barrel 1 and a steam-water mixing header 7, flows downwards through a four-corner downcomer 5, flows from the front end to the middle end after entering a lower water header 6, and then, part of the water upwards enters membrane water walls 12 on two sides to exchange heat mainly in a radiation mode with flue gas, and the other part of the water inwards enters a lower header of a front wall water wall 10 and a convection tube panel 11 to exchange heat mainly in a radiation mode and a convection mode with the flue gas respectively. The water generates steam and ascends to flow in the heating surface, the generated large-volume steam is collected in the steam space at the upper part of the steam-water mixing header 7 and the steam header 8 and finally leaves the boiler through the steam space at the upper part of the boiler barrel 1, and the water which is not completely evaporated passes through the water space at the lower part of the steam-water mixing header 7 to be distributed and circulated again.
Claims (10)
1. A premixed water-cooled combustion corner tube steam boiler is characterized by comprising a boiler barrel (1), a combustor, a downcomer (5), a lower water header (6), an upper steam-water mixing header (7), an upper steam header (8), a front wall water-cooled wall (10), a convection tube panel (11) and a membrane water-cooled wall (12); the upper steam-water mixing header (7) is communicated with the lower water header (6) through a four-corner down pipe (5), and the top of the upper steam-water mixing header (7) is communicated with an upper steam header (8); the outlet of the burner is over against the middle part of the front wall water-cooled wall (10), the membrane water-cooled walls (12) are arranged at two sides, and the upper end and the lower end of the membrane water-cooled walls (12) are respectively communicated with the upper steam-water mixing header (7) and the lower water header (6); the convection tube panels (11) are arranged between the membrane water walls (12) at two sides, the upper ends of the convection tube panels (11) are communicated with the upper steam-water mixing header (7), and the lower ends of the convection tube panels (11) are communicated with the lower water header (6); the drum (1) is communicated with an upper steam-water mixing header (7) and an upper steam header (8), and the drum (1) is communicated with a lower water header (6) through a downcomer (5); a transverse stiffening beam (9) is arranged between the lower water header tanks (6);
the combustor comprises a premixer (3), a divergent distributor (4) and a water-cooled combustion head which are sequentially connected, wherein the divergent distributor (4) is provided with an outer shell plate (41), the area of an inlet of the divergent distributor (4) is smaller than that of an outlet of the divergent distributor, an outlet of the divergent distributor (4) is provided with a flow equalizing pore plate (46), and the flow equalizing pore plate (46) is provided with a plurality of flow equalizing pores; set up a plurality of water conservancy diversion cones (43) in diverging distributor (4), the water-cooling combustion head includes header (44) on the combustor, header (45) and combustor water-cooling tube bank (47) under the combustor, the upper and lower both ends of combustor water-cooling tube bank (47) communicate header (44) on the combustor and header (45) under the combustor respectively, header (44) intercommunication boiler drum (1) on the combustor, header (45) intercommunication boiler feed pipe under the combustor, water conservancy diversion awl (43), orifice plate (46) and water-cooling combustion head set up in shell plate (41).
2. A steam boiler with premixed water-cooled combustion angled tube according to claim 1, characterized in that the front wall water-cooled wall (10) is provided with a flange plate, the outer shell plate (41) is detachably connected with the front wall water-cooled wall through the flange plate, and the connection surface of the outer shell plate (41) and the flange plate is sealed.
3. The steam boiler with premixed water-cooled combustion angle tubes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the premixer (3) comprises a cylindrical tube, one end of the cylindrical tube is provided with a premixer inlet (31), the other end of the cylindrical tube is provided with a premixer outlet, and the premixer inlet (31) is communicated with the outlet of the fan; an annular cylinder (33) with a closed top and a closed bottom is arranged in the cylindrical cylinder, a plurality of air holes are formed in the inner wall and the outer wall of the annular cylinder (33), a gas inlet (32) is formed in the side surface of the annular cylinder (33), and the inner space of the annular cylinder (33) is communicated with the gas inlet (32); swirl vanes (34) are arranged at the inlet (31) of the premixer, a rectifying plate (35) is arranged at the outlet of the premixer, and the rectifying plate (35) and the annular cylinder (33) form an air flow channel parallel to the axis of the annular cylinder (33).
4. The steam boiler with premixed water-cooled combustion corner tubes according to claim 1, wherein the convection tube panels (11) comprise unit tube panels which are vertically arranged in parallel, an upper header and a lower header are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of each unit tube panel independently, each unit tube panel is provided with (2) to (3) light discharge tubes, and the two ends of the upper header are communicated with the upper steam-water mixing header (7) and the lower header is communicated with the lower water header (6); the convection tube panel (11) comprises a high-temperature convection tube panel (111) and a low-temperature convection tube panel (112); 4-6 rows of convection tube panels close to the hearth region are high-temperature convection tube panels (111); the outer diameter of a light pipe of the high-temperature convection tube panel (111) is 50-200 mm; the convection tube panel behind the high-temperature convection tube panel (111) is a low-temperature convection tube panel (112), and the outer diameter of a light pipe of the low-temperature convection tube panel (112) is 25-76 mm; an overhaul space (113) with the width not less than 50cm is reserved in the middle section of the low-temperature convection tube bundle (112), and the upper header and the lower header of the low-temperature convection tube panel (112) at the front and the rear of the overhaul space are connected by a horizontal connecting pipeline formed by mixing flat steel and light tubes.
5. The steam boiler with the premixed water-cooled combustion angular tubes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the front wall water-cooled wall (10) adopts independent upper and lower headers and heat exchange tubes which are connected up and down to form a unit structure, the upper and lower ends of the heat exchange tubes are bent backwards, the heat exchange tubes of the front wall water-cooled wall (10) adopt light tubes with the outer diameter of 25-76 mm and flat steel with the outer diameter of 10-40 mm which are arranged at intervals, and the light tubes are arranged at the positions which are directly butted with the outlets of the divergent distributors (4) in the combustor, so that premixed gas can pass through the gaps of the light tubes.
6. The steam boiler with premixed water-cooled combustion angle tubes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the membrane water-cooled wall (12) is formed by arranging light tubes with an outer diameter of 25-76 mm and flat steel with an outer diameter of 10-60 mm at intervals, or by forming finned tubes in the middle.
7. The steam boiler with premixed water-cooled combustion angle tubes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the membrane water-cooled wall (12) is provided with interfaces near the junction of the divergent distributor (4) and the front wall water-cooled wall (10), and the interfaces are used for connecting the ignition guns, the fire detection needles and the fire observation holes; and manholes are reserved in the middle sections, close to the convection tube panels (10), of the membrane water-cooled walls (12) on the two sides.
8. The steam boiler with the premixed water-cooled combustion angle pipes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of the drum (1) and the steam-water mixing header (7) is lower than that of the steam header (8), the drum (1) is provided with a water replenishing port, an external condenser (13) and a chimney (14) are arranged behind the convection tube panel (11), and a water outlet of the condenser (13) is communicated with the water replenishing port of the drum (1).
9. The steam boiler with premixed water-cooled combustion angle pipes of claim 1, wherein the outer wall of the downcomer (5) is provided with an insulating layer, a fire-resistant layer and a heat-insulating layer are sequentially arranged from the boiler body to the outside, and the outer shell (2) is arranged outside the heat-insulating layer.
10. A premixed water-cooled combustion angle tube steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the light pipe portion of the front wall water-cooled wall (10) and the surface of the convection tube panels (11) near the furnace space of the boiler are sprayed with nichrome layer.
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| CN202011288231.9A CN112393214B (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2020-11-17 | Premixed water-cooling combustion corner tube steam boiler |
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| CN202011288231.9A CN112393214B (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2020-11-17 | Premixed water-cooling combustion corner tube steam boiler |
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| CN114517912A (en) * | 2022-04-03 | 2022-05-20 | 江苏海德利热能设备制造有限公司 | High-efficiency steam boiler structure with large heat exchange area |
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