CN112391507A - Improved flash smelting reduction iron-making device and method - Google Patents
Improved flash smelting reduction iron-making device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112391507A CN112391507A CN202011288023.9A CN202011288023A CN112391507A CN 112391507 A CN112391507 A CN 112391507A CN 202011288023 A CN202011288023 A CN 202011288023A CN 112391507 A CN112391507 A CN 112391507A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/008—Use of special additives or fluxing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/14—Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
- C21B2100/20—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases
- C21B2100/22—Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases by reforming
Abstract
The invention provides an improved flash smelting reduction iron-making device and an iron-making method. The flash smelting furnace comprises a feed inlet and a discharge outlet, wherein the feed inlet is arranged at the top of the flash smelting furnace and is a sleeve type spray gun, and the feed inlet is communicated with a hopper, an oxygen storage tank and a modification furnace. The discharge port is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body of the flash smelting furnace and is positioned at the bottom of the flash smelting furnace, and the double-peak iron bath furnace comprises a feed inlet, a slag/iron outlet and a gas outlet. The charging hole is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body of the double-peak iron bath furnace at the side of the flash smelting furnace and is positioned at the bottom of the double-peak iron bath furnace. The gas outlet is arranged at the top of the double-peak iron bath furnace and is communicated with the upgrading furnace. The flash smelting furnace is communicated with the double-peak iron bath furnace through the iron slag channel, so that large-area contact between a molten product and oxidizing gas is avoided, secondary oxidation of the molten product is avoided, and the smelting efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of iron making, in particular to the field of flash smelting reduction iron making.
Background
Energy conservation, environmental protection, cost reduction and efficiency improvement are one of the main targets of the development of the steel enterprises in the twenty-first century, and due to the defects of large investment, high energy consumption, long process, serious pollution and the like of the traditional blast furnace ironmaking mode, people research and develop various non-blast furnace ironmaking methods, including a flash smelting reduction ironmaking method. A flash smelting reduction iron-making method is a high-strength smelting reduction iron-making method which takes fine ore as raw material at high temperature. Overcomes the phenomena of fusion, bonding and the like of the fine ores caused by high-temperature operation, and has the characteristics of high temperature, high strength, short reaction time, complex reaction and the like.
The existing flash smelting reduction iron making technology mainly comprises a HIsarna in an ULCOS project and a flash smelting iron making method developed by the university of Utah in the United states. The HIsarna iron-making method adopts a cyclone melting furnace to pre-reduce fine ores, the fine ores and a fusing agent are blown into the cyclone melting furnace along the tangential direction of a furnace body by taking oxygen as a carrier, the fine ores are reduced and melted by high-temperature gas which flows upwards in the reverse direction and is generated by a bottom melting reduction furnace in the flying process, and finally the molten fine ores contact with a water-cooled furnace wall and flow down along the furnace wall to drip into a melting pool for further reduction. The disadvantages are that the fine ore and the reducing gas flow in the reverse direction, the fine ore can be taken away by the airflow, and the fine ore can not be effectively utilized.
A flash smelting iron-making method developed by Utah university comprises the following steps: and blowing the fine ore into the flash smelting furnace from the top of the flash smelting furnace by taking oxygen as a carrier, quickly reducing and melting the fine ore at the upper part of the flash smelting furnace, and finally dripping the obtained molten product into a molten pool for the next reduction. The disadvantages are that: 1. the molten product is secondarily oxidized in the dropping process and then reduced to cause the rise of the smelting cost. 2. High-temperature gas generated by the pre-reduction part is discharged from the other end of the furnace top, and the heat carried by the high-temperature gas cannot be transferred to a molten pool to the maximum extent, so that the energy consumption is high; 3. the bottom blowing oxygen and the reducing gas can mix the slag layer and the iron layer, which is not beneficial to slag-iron separation and increases the operation difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
The invention is applied to the field of flash smelting reduction iron making, and solves the problems of secondary oxidation and low smelting efficiency of the molten product in the prior art.
Disclosure of the invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an improved flash smelting reduction iron-making device and an iron-making method, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
an improved flash smelting reduction iron-making device comprises a flash smelting furnace, a double-peak iron bath furnace, a hopper, an oxygen storage tank and a modification furnace;
the flash smelting furnace comprises at least one feeding hole and a discharging hole, wherein the feeding hole is arranged at the top of the flash smelting furnace, and the feeding hole is a sleeve type spray gun; the feed inlet is communicated with the hopper, the oxygen storage tank and the modification furnace; the discharge hole is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body of the flash smelting furnace and is positioned at the bottom of the flash smelting furnace;
the double-peak iron bath furnace comprises a charging hole, a slag/iron outlet and a gas outlet; the charging opening is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body of the double-peak iron bath furnace at the side of the flash smelting furnace and is positioned at the bottom of the double-peak iron bath furnace;
the slag/iron outlet is arranged at the bottom of the double-peak iron bath furnace, and the gas outlet is arranged at the top of the double-peak iron bath furnace and is communicated with the upgrading furnace; the flash smelting furnace is communicated with the double-peak iron bath furnace through an inclined downward iron slag channel, and the iron slag channel is arranged between a discharge port of the flash smelting furnace and a feed inlet of the double-peak iron bath furnace.
Preferably, the front section of the double-peak iron bath furnace is of a concave shape and comprises a molten pool, a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber which are communicated with each other; the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber are arranged above the molten pool, and the first combustion chamber is close to the flash smelting furnace; the gas outlet is arranged at the top of the second combustion chamber.
Furthermore, the double-peak iron bath furnace also comprises at least one spray gun group, and the spray gun group is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body of the first combustion chamber; the spray gun group is communicated with the flash smelting furnace through a gas pipeline and is used for conveying gas in the flash smelting furnace to the double-peak iron bath furnace.
Further, the spray gun group comprises a main spray gun and an auxiliary spray gun, and the main spray gun is communicated with the auxiliary spray gun; a throttle valve is arranged on the pipeline of the auxiliary spray gun and used for adjusting the gas flow of the main spray gun and the auxiliary spray gun;
when the gas flow demand of the main spray gun is high, the throttle valve is adjusted to reduce the gas spraying amount of the auxiliary spray gun, and the gas flow of the main spray gun is increased;
when the gas flow demand of the main spray gun is small, the regulating throttle valve increases the gas spraying amount of the auxiliary spray gun, and the gas flow of the main spray gun is reduced.
Preferably, the included angle between the main spray gun and the vertical direction is 20-60 degrees, and the included angle between the auxiliary spray gun and the vertical direction is 30-150 degrees; the number of the main spray guns and the number of the auxiliary spray guns are 1-8, and the main spray guns and the auxiliary spray guns are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the furnace body of the first combustion chamber.
Further, the double-peak iron bath furnace also comprises at least one oxygen spray gun; the oxygen spray gun is arranged at the top of the first combustion chamber and used for spraying oxygen to the first combustion chamber.
Further, the double-peak iron bath furnace also comprises a side-blown spray gun of a molten pool; the side-blowing spray gun of the molten pool is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body of the double-peak iron bath furnace where the molten pool is located; the side-blown spray gun of the molten pool is installed downwards at an angle of 0-45 degrees with the horizontal direction, and can spray reducing agent and oxygen into the molten pool along the radial direction or the tangential direction of the side wall of the double-peak iron bath furnace; the number of the side-blown spray guns of the molten pool is 2-8, and the side-blown spray guns are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the double-peak iron bath furnace.
Further, the double-peak iron bath furnace also comprises a side oxygen blowing spray gun; the side oxygen blowing lance is fixed on the side wall of the furnace body of the second combustion chamber, is obliquely installed at an angle of 20-60 degrees with the vertical direction, and can blow oxygen to the upper part of a molten pool where the second combustion chamber is positioned; the number of the side-blown oxygen spray guns is 1-8, and the side-blown oxygen spray guns are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the second combustion chamber.
The invention discloses a reduction ironmaking method of an improved flash smelting reduction ironmaking device, which comprises the following steps:
s01, adding fine ore, flux, oxygen and high-temperature reducing gas into the flash smelting furnace from a feed inlet of the flash smelting furnace, reducing and melting the fine ore by the high-temperature reducing gas in the falling process, enabling the obtained molten product to fall into the bottom of the flash smelting furnace, and combusting the oxygen and the high-temperature reducing gas to provide heat for pre-reduction reaction in the flash smelting furnace, wherein the pre-reduction reaction formula in the flash smelting furnace is as follows:
6Fe2O3＝4Fe3O4+O2
3Fe2O3+H2/CO＝2Fe3O4+CO2/H2O
Fe3O4+H2/CO＝3FeO+CO2/H2O
FeO+H2/CO＝Fe+CO2/H2O
O2+2CO/H2＝2CO2/H2O
s02, conveying the molten product generated by the flash smelting furnace into the double-peak iron bath furnace through the iron slag channel;
s03, blowing high-temperature reducing gas generated by the flash smelting furnace into a first combustion chamber through a gas pipeline by the main spray gun and the auxiliary spray gun;
s04, blowing oxygen to the first combustion chamber by an oxygen spray gun at the top of the first combustion chamber, and combusting the oxygen with high-temperature reducing gas in a free space to release heat so as to improve heat for a final reduction reaction in the double-peak iron bath furnace;
when the temperature in the double-peak iron bath furnace does not meet the requirement, starting a side oxygen blowing spray gun, blowing oxygen to the upper part of the molten pool where the second combustion chamber is located, and carrying out combustion reaction with high-temperature reducing gas to provide heat for final reduction reaction in the double-peak iron bath furnace;
s05, blowing a reducing agent and oxygen into the molten pool by the side-blowing lance of the molten pool, wherein part of the reducing agent is used for reducing iron oxide in the molten pool to obtain molten iron, and part of the reducing agent and the oxygen are combusted to release heat to provide heat for the final reduction reaction in the molten pool;
s06, when the high-temperature reducing gas carrying the dust passes through the furnace walls sunken in the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber, the dust can be separated from the gas and fall into a molten pool, and the gas is discharged into the reformed furnace through a gas outlet of the second combustion chamber;
s07, the reforming furnace uses the residual heat of the high-temperature reducing gas to convert CO2And H2O upgrading for CO and H production2And part of the reducing gas is conveyed into the flash smelting furnace through a gas pipeline.
Further, the reducing agent in step S05Is pulverized coal or H2；
When the reducing agent is pulverized coal, the mass percentage of carbon in the molten iron obtained by reduction is 4.0-5.1%, and the chemical reaction formula is as follows:
O2+2C＝2CO
FeO+C＝Fe+CO；
when the reducing agent is H2And then, the mass percentage of carbon in the molten iron obtained by reduction is less than or equal to 1.7 percent, and the chemical reaction formula is as follows:
O2+2H2＝2H2O
FeO+H2＝Fe+H2O。
(III) advantageous effects
The improved flash smelting reduction iron-making device and method effectively overcome the defects of the prior art.
In the invention, the inclined downward slag iron channel is arranged between the flash smelting furnace and the double-peak iron bath furnace, and the molten product is conveyed to the slag layer of the double-peak iron bath furnace under the action of self gravity, so that the contact between the molten product and oxidizing gas is avoided, the secondary oxidation of the molten product is effectively avoided, and the smelting efficiency is further improved.
According to the invention, the internal structure of the furnace body of the double-peak iron bath furnace is set to be a concave shape, the furnace body is divided into a molten pool, a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber, the side wall of the furnace body of the first combustion chamber is provided with the spray gun group communicated with the flash smelting furnace, high-temperature reducing gas in the flash smelting furnace is sprayed to the double-peak iron bath furnace, furnace dust carried by the high-temperature reducing gas is adhered to a slag layer of the molten pool, a certain stirring effect is exerted on the molten pool, the recovery rate of dust is improved, and the heat transfer efficiency between the high-temperature gas and the molten pool is improved.
According to the invention, the high-temperature reducing gas carries dust to move downwards in the first combustion chamber, most of the dust continues to settle and fall into a molten pool in the process of entering the second combustion chamber from the first combustion chamber, the gas flow moves upwards, the gas and the dust are separated, and the recovery rate of the dust is further improved.
In the present invention, the oxygen lance is provided at the top of the first combustion chamber, and oxygen is injected into the first combustion chamber, so that the oxygen is combusted with the high-temperature reducing gas injected from the lance group in the upper region of the first combustion chamber. The oxidation zone and the reduction zone are separated, and compared with the prior art, on one hand, the secondary combustion rate of high-temperature reducing gas in the combustion chamber is improved. On the other hand, the secondary oxidation of slag in the molten pool is avoided, the secondary combustion rate of high-temperature reducing gas is improved, and the fuel ratio is reduced.
In the invention, the side-blown spray gun of the molten pool is used for blowing the reducing agent and the oxygen to the slag layer along the radial direction or the tangential direction of the furnace body, so that the stirring of the molten slag is enhanced, and the heat transfer efficiency between the gas and the molten slag is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention discloses a structural schematic diagram of an improved flash smelting reduction iron-making device.
[ description of reference ]
1. A flash smelting furnace; 2. a double-peak iron bath furnace; 3. a feed inlet 3; 4. a main spray gun; 5. a throttle valve; 6. an auxiliary spray gun; 7. a slag iron channel; 8. a first combustion chamber; 9. an oxygen spray gun; 10. a second combustion chamber; 11. a side-blown oxygen lance; 12. a side-blown spray gun of the molten pool; 13. slag; 14. molten iron; 15. a slag/iron outlet 16, a gas outlet; 17. a modifying furnace; 18. a hopper; 19. an oxygen storage tank; 20. retaining walls; 21. a discharge port; 22. a feed inlet; 23. a molten bath.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
Examples of inventive arrangements
Referring to fig. 1, the improved flash smelting reduction ironmaking apparatus provided by the present embodiment includes a flash smelting furnace 11, a double-peak iron bath furnace 2, a hopper 18, an oxygen storage tank 19 and a reforming furnace 17. One or more feed inlets 3 are arranged at the top of the flash smelting furnace 1, and the feed inlets are sleeve type spray guns. The feed inlet is communicated with a hopper 18, an oxygen storage tank 19 and a reforming furnace 17. Specifically, the hopper 18 includes a powder ore hopper 18 and a flux hopper 18, and the powder ore, the flux, oxygen gas, and high-temperature reducing gas are fed into the flash smelting furnace 1 through the feed port 3. The fine ore is reduced and melted by high-temperature reducing gas in the falling process, the generated molten product falls into the bottom of the flash smelting furnace 1, and oxygen and the high-temperature reducing gas are combusted to provide heat for the pre-reduction reaction in the flash smelting furnace 1. The discharge port 21 is arranged on the side wall of the flash smelting furnace 1 and is positioned at the bottom of the flash smelting furnace 1. Specifically, the bimodal iron bath furnace 2 includes a feed port 22, a slag/iron outlet 15 and a gas outlet 16. The charging hole 22 is arranged on the side wall of the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 at the side of the flash smelting furnace 1 and is positioned at the bottom of the double-peak iron bath furnace 2. A slag/iron outlet 15 is provided at the bottom of the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 for discharging molten iron 14 and molten slag 13 obtained by the final reduction out of the double-peak iron bath furnace 2. The gas outlet 16 is arranged at the top of the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 and is communicated with the upgrading furnace 17. The flash smelting furnace 1 is communicated with the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 through the downward inclined iron slag channel 7, the iron slag channel 7 is arranged between the discharge port 21 of the flash smelting furnace 1 and the feed inlet 22 of the double-peak iron bath furnace 2, and a molten product in the flash smelting furnace 1 is conveyed to the slag layer of the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 under the action of self gravity, so that the contact of the molten product and oxidizing gas is avoided, the secondary oxidation of the molten product is effectively avoided, and the smelting efficiency is further improved. Specifically, the bottom of the flash smelting furnace 1, the bottom of the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 and the slag iron channel 7 are paved by refractory bricks with high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance.
Specifically, the reforming furnace 17 is a coal gas reforming furnace, and reforms the high-temperature reducing gas with a high post-combustion rate discharged from the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 to obtain high-concentration CO and H2The reducing gas of (2). Part of the reducing gas is returned to the flash smelting furnace 1 through the feed inlet 3 for pre-reduction reaction in the flash smelting furnace 1, so that the resources are recycled. The residual reducing gas is used as secondary energy for external supply, is used for waste heat (residual pressure) power generation, civil use, the interior of steel enterprises and the like, and improves the secondary utilization rate of the reducing gas.
Preferably, the upgrading furnace 17 may also be a heat exchanger and an electrochemical reactor. Wherein the heat exchanger reduces the high temperature reducibility temperature discharged from the second combustion chamber 10 to 800-2O and CO2Electrolytic production of CO and H2And can produce O2. Produced O2And part of the reducing gas is injected into the flash smelting furnace 1 through the feed port 3 for pre-reduction reaction in the flash smelting furnace 1. The residual reducing gas is used as secondary energy for external supply. The secondary utilization rate of the reducing gas is improved.
Specifically, the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 has a concave shape in the front section and comprises a molten pool 23, a first combustion chamber 8 and a second combustion chamber 10 which are communicated with each other, the two combustion chambers are separated by a retaining wall 20, and the first combustion chamber 8 is close to the flash smelting furnace 1. The high-temperature reducing gas carries dust in the first combustion chamber 8 to move downwards in the whole, most of the dust entering the second combustion chamber 10 can continue to settle and fall into the molten pool 23 under the action of the intermediate retaining wall 20 of the two combustion chambers, the gas flow changes to move upwards, the gas and the dust are further separated, and further, the recovery rate of the dust is improved. It can be seen from the present embodiment that the shape and structure of the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 are not limited thereto, and any structure that can separate dust and gas during the process of introducing the high-temperature reducing gas from the first combustion chamber 8 into the second combustion chamber 10 is within the scope of the present invention.
Further, the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 also comprises at least one group of spray gun groups, and the spray gun groups are arranged on the side wall of the furnace body of the first combustion chamber 8 and are communicated with the flash smelting furnace 1 through a gas pipeline. Specifically, the spray gun group comprises a main spray gun 4 and an auxiliary spray gun 6 which are communicated, and the main spray gun 4 is positioned below the auxiliary spray gun 6. Correspondingly, a throttle valve 5 is arranged on a pipeline of the auxiliary spray gun 6 and used for adjusting the gas flow of the main spray gun 4 and the auxiliary spray gun 6. The main spray gun 4 and the vertical direction form an included angle of 20-60 degrees, the auxiliary spray gun 6 and the vertical direction form an included angle of 30-150 degrees, the number of the main spray gun 4 and the auxiliary spray guns 6 can be 1-8, and the main spray gun and the auxiliary spray guns are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the furnace body of the first combustion chamber 8. When the gas flow demand of the main spray gun 4 is large, the gas flow of the auxiliary spray gun 6 is reduced by the throttle valve 5, and the gas flow of the main spray gun 4 is increased. When the gas flow demand of the main spray gun 4 is small, the gas flow of the auxiliary spray gun 6 is increased by the throttle valve 5, and the gas flow of the main spray gun 4 is decreased. High-temperature gas generated by the flash smelting furnace 1 is sprayed to the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 through the spray gun group, wherein furnace dust carried by the high-temperature gas sprayed by the main spray gun 4 is adhered to a slag layer of the molten pool 23, and meanwhile, a certain stirring effect is exerted on the molten pool 23, so that the utilization rate of the dust is improved, and the heat transfer efficiency between the high-temperature gas and the molten pool 23 is also improved.
Further, the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 further comprises an oxygen spray gun 9, the oxygen spray gun 9 is arranged at the top of the first combustion chamber 8, and the oxygen spray gun 9 is positioned above the spray gun group and used for spraying oxygen into the first combustion chamber 8. And the high-temperature reducing gas sprayed by the auxiliary spray gun 6 is combusted to provide heat for the final reduction reaction in the double-peak iron bath furnace 2. Since the oxygen lance 9 is distant from the molten bath 23, the oxygen combusts with the high-temperature reducing gas discharged from the sub-lance 6 in the upper region of the first combustion chamber 8. The oxygen spray gun 9 is arranged at the top of the first combustion chamber 8 to separate the oxidation zone from the reduction zone, so that secondary oxidation of the slag 13 in the molten pool 23 is avoided, the smelting efficiency is improved, the secondary combustion rate of high-temperature reducing gas is improved, and the fuel ratio is reduced.
Further, the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 also comprises a side-blowing lance 12 for the molten bath. The side-blowing lance 12 for the molten pool is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body of the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 at the position of the molten pool 23, is installed downwards at an angle of 0-45 degrees with the horizontal direction, can spray reducing agent and oxygen to the molten pool 23 along the radial direction or the tangential direction of the side wall of the double-peak iron bath furnace 2, and is used for final reduction reaction of a molten product in the double-peak iron bath furnace 2. The number of the side-blown spray guns 12 of the molten pool is preferably 2-8, and the side-blown spray guns are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the double-peak iron bath furnace 2. Reducing agent and oxygen are blown to the molten pool 23 through the side-blown lance 12 of the molten pool, so that the stirring of the molten slag 13 is enhanced, and the heat transfer efficiency between the gas and the molten slag 13 is improved.
Further, the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 also comprises a side oxygen blowing lance 11 which is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body of the second combustion chamber 10. Is arranged downwards at an angle of 20-60 degrees with the vertical direction, the number is preferably 1-8, the oxygen can be sprayed to the upper space of the molten pool 23 where the second combustion chamber 10 is positioned by uniformly arranging the oxygen along the circumferential direction of the second combustion chamber 10. When the temperature in the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 does not meet the requirement, the side oxygen blowing lance 11 is opened to blow oxygen into the furnace, and the oxygen is combusted with high-temperature reducing gas to generate heat to provide heat for the final reduction reaction in the molten pool 23.
Embodiment 1 of the inventive method
In the embodiment, the used raw materials are fine ores, the granularity is less than or equal to 500 mu m, the total iron content is 30-70%, and the specific chemical components are shown in the table I.
The reducing agents used in the embodiment are pulverized coal and oxygen, wherein the purity of the oxygen is not less than 95%, and the specific chemical components are shown in table two.
Table one: chemical composition of fine ore (each component listed in the table is based on mass percentage, TFe is total iron content)
Table two: chemical composition of powdered coal (the components listed in the table are calculated according to the mass percentage)
Powder ore, flux, oxygen and high-temperature reducing gas are conveyed into the flash smelting furnace 1 through the feeding hole 3, the flux is melted, the powder ore is reduced and melted in the flash smelting furnace 1, a molten product with a certain metallization rate and the high-temperature reducing gas are obtained, if the heat in the furnace is insufficient, a certain amount of oxygen needs to be injected, and the oxygen and part of the reducing gas are combusted to provide heat for the flash smelting furnace 1. Wherein the secondary combustion rate of the high-temperature reducing gas in the flash smelting furnace 1 is 3-15%.
The main chemical reaction formula is as follows:
6Fe2O3＝4Fe3O4+O2
3Fe2O3+H2/CO＝2Fe3O4+CO2/H2O
Fe3O4+H2/CO＝3FeO+CO2/H2O
FeO+H2/CO＝Fe+CO2/H2O
O2+2CO/H2＝2CO2/H2O
the fused product with the temperature of 1450-1500 ℃ generated in the flash smelting furnace 1 falls into the bottom of the flash smelting furnace 1, is conveyed to a slag layer of the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 through the slag iron channel 7, and blows high-temperature coal gas with the temperature of 1450-1700 ℃ into the first combustion chamber 8 through the main spray gun 4 and the auxiliary spray gun 6. An oxygen spray gun 9 at the top of the first combustion chamber 8 sprays oxygen into the first combustion chamber 8, the oxygen spraying amount accounts for 4-40% of the total oxygen consumption, and the oxygen is combusted with high-temperature reducing gas sprayed by the auxiliary spray gun 6 to provide heat for the final reduction reaction in the double-peak iron bath furnace 2. In the first combustion chamber 8, the post-combustion rate of the reducing gas is 3 to 100%.
The main chemical reaction formula is as follows:
O2+2CO/H2＝2CO2/H2O
the temperature requirement of the final reduction reaction in the molten pool 23 of the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 is 1480-1580 ℃, and when the temperature in the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 does not meet the requirement, the side oxygen-blowing lance 11 is started to blow oxygen to the upper space of the molten pool 23, and the oxygen and the high-temperature reducing gas are subjected to combustion reaction to release heat to provide heat for the double-peak iron bath furnace 2. Wherein the oxygen spraying amount of the side oxygen-blowing lance 11 accounts for 0-30% of the total oxygen consumption, and the secondary combustion rate of the outlet reducing gas is 3-100%.
And (2) blowing pulverized coal and oxygen to the slag layer through the side-blowing lance 12 of the molten pool, wherein the total amount of the pulverized coal is 295-4550kg, the oxygen injection amount accounts for 30-100% of the total oxygen consumption, part of the pulverized coal and the oxygen are combusted to provide heat for the final reduction reaction in the molten pool 23, and most of the pulverized coal fully reacts with a molten product of the slag layer to obtain molten iron 14 through reduction. Wherein the percentage content of carbon in the molten iron 14 is controlled within the range of 4.0-5.1%.
The main chemical reaction formula is as follows:
O2+2C＝2CO
FeO+C＝Fe+CO
the generated high-temperature reducing gas with the temperature of 1500-1700 ℃ is discharged into the modifying furnace 17 through a gas outlet, and the self waste heat is utilized to remove CO in the reducing gas2And H2O upgrading for CO and H production2And the generated high-purity reducing gas is partially sprayed to the flash through the feed port 3In the smelting furnace 1, the residual reducing gas is used as secondary energy for power generation, civil use or the interior of steel enterprises and the like, and CO is reduced2And (4) discharging.
Example two of the inventive method
In this embodiment, the particle size and chemical composition of the pulverized coal used are the same as those in the first embodiment, except that the reducing agent used in this embodiment is H2The specific iron making method comprises the following steps:
powder ore, a flux, oxygen and reducing gas are conveyed into a flash smelting furnace 1 through a feeding hole 3, the oxygen and the reducing gas are subjected to combustion reaction to provide heat for the flash smelting furnace 1, the flux is melted, the powder ore is reduced and melted in the flash smelting furnace 1, the powder ore is subjected to chemical reaction in the flash smelting furnace 1, and a molten product with a certain metallization rate and high-temperature reducing gas are obtained. Wherein the post-combustion rate of the reducing gas in the flash smelting furnace 1 is 7-15%.
The chemical reaction formula is as follows:
6Fe2O3＝4Fe3O4+O2
3Fe2O3+H2＝2Fe3O4+H2O
Fe3O4+H2＝3FeO+H2O
FeO+H2＝Fe+H2O
O2+2H2＝2H2O
the fused product with the temperature of 1450-1500 ℃ generated in the flash smelting furnace 1 falls into the bottom of the flash smelting furnace 1, is conveyed to a slag layer of the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 through the slag iron channel 7, and high-temperature coal gas with the temperature of 1450-1700 ℃ is blown into the first combustion chamber 8 through the main spray gun 4 and the auxiliary spray gun 6. An oxygen spray gun 9 at the top of the first combustion chamber 8 sprays oxygen into the first combustion chamber 8, the oxygen spraying amount accounts for 5-35% of the total oxygen consumption, and the oxygen is combusted with high-temperature reducing gas sprayed by the auxiliary spray gun 6 to provide heat for the double-peak iron bath furnace 2. In the first combustion chamber 8, the post-combustion rate of the reducing gas is 10 to 40%.
The chemical reaction formula is as follows:
O2+2H2＝2H2O
the temperature requirement of the final reduction reaction in the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 is 1480-1580 ℃, and when the temperature requirement of the final reduction reaction in the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 does not meet the requirement, the side oxygen-blowing lance 11 is started to blow oxygen into the upper space of the molten pool 23, the oxygen and the high-temperature reductive combustion reaction release heat, and heat is provided for the final reduction reaction in the double-peak iron bath furnace 2. Wherein the oxygen spraying amount of the side oxygen-blowing lance 11 accounts for 0-20% of the total oxygen consumption, and the secondary combustion rate of the outlet reducing gas is 30-100%.
Blowing H to the slag layer by a side-blowing lance 12 of a molten bath 232And oxygen, part H2Combusting with oxygen to provide heat to the molten bath 23, mostly H2Fully reacts with the molten products of the slag layer, and is reduced to obtain molten iron 14. Wherein the blowing oxygen amount accounts for 20-90% of the total oxygen consumption, and the percentage content of carbon in the molten iron 14 is less than or equal to 1.7%.
The main chemical reaction formula is as follows:
O2+2H2＝2H2O
FeO+H2＝Fe+H2O
the generated high-temperature reducing gas with the temperature of 1500-1700 ℃ is discharged into the coal gas modifying furnace 17 through the gas outlet, and most of the water vapor in the coal gas is modified into H2Part of the generated high-purity reducing gas is injected into the flash smelting furnace 1 through a feed port 3 of the flash smelting furnace 1, the rest reducing gas is used as secondary energy for power generation, civil use or the interior of steel enterprises and the like, and H is utilized2As a reducing agent, CO can be realized2And (4) zero emission.
Compared with the existing flash smelting method, the method has the advantages that the molten product is directly conveyed to the slag layer of the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 through the slag iron channel 7, so that the contact between the molten product and oxygen gas is effectively avoided, and the secondary oxidation of the molten product is avoided. The high-temperature reducing gas in the flash smelting furnace 1 is obliquely and downwards sprayed into the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 through the main spray gun and the auxiliary spray gun, so that the carried dust can be contacted with the slag 13 to be adhered, the recovery rate of powder ore is improved, the airflow plays a certain stirring role on the slag 13 in the molten pool 23, and the heat transfer efficiency between the high-temperature reducing gas and the slag 13 is improved. The side-blowing spray gun 12 is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body of the double-peak iron bath furnace 2 corresponding to the molten pool 23, and the reducing agent is blown to the slag layer along the radial direction or the tangential direction of the furnace body, so that the stirring of the molten slag 13 is enhanced, and the heat transfer efficiency of the gas and the molten slag 13 is further improved. The inner shape of the furnace body is designed to be concave, so that 2 combustion chambers and a molten pool 23 region are formed in the double-peak iron bath furnace 2, a retaining wall 20 is arranged between the 2 combustion chambers, high-temperature reducing gas carries dust in the first combustion chamber 8 to move downwards overall, most of dust entering the second combustion chamber 10 can continue to settle and fall into the molten pool 23 under the action of the retaining wall 20 between the two combustion chambers, the gas flow changes to move upwards, the gas and the dust are separated, and the recovery rate of the dust is further improved.
It can be seen from the above description that the reducing agent of the present invention is not limited to pulverized coal and H2Any other reducing substance capable of undergoing a reduction reaction with the coal mine to ultimately obtain the molten iron 14 is within the scope of the present invention.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An improved flash smelting reduction iron-making device is characterized by comprising a flash smelting furnace, a double-peak iron bath furnace, a hopper, an oxygen storage tank and a modification furnace;
the flash smelting furnace comprises at least one feeding hole and a discharging hole, wherein the feeding hole is formed in the top of the flash smelting furnace, and the feeding hole is a sleeve type spray gun;
the feed inlet is communicated with the hopper, the oxygen storage tank and the upgrading furnace;
the discharge hole is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body of the flash smelting furnace and is positioned at the bottom of the flash smelting furnace;
the double-peak iron bath furnace comprises a feed inlet, a slag/iron outlet and a gas outlet;
the charging opening is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body of the double-peak iron bath furnace on the side of the flash smelting furnace and is positioned at the bottom of the double-peak iron bath furnace;
the slag/iron outlet is arranged at the bottom of the double-peak iron bath furnace, the gas outlet is arranged at the top of the double-peak iron bath furnace, and the gas outlet is communicated with the upgrading furnace;
the flash smelting furnace is communicated with the double-peak iron bath furnace through an inclined downward slag iron channel, and the slag iron channel is arranged between the discharge port of the flash smelting furnace and the feed inlet of the double-peak iron bath furnace.
2. The improved flash smelting reduction ironmaking apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said bimodal iron bath furnace has a "concave" shape in frontal cross-section, comprising a molten bath, a first combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber in communication with each other;
the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber are placed above the molten bath, and the first combustion chamber is close to the flash smelting furnace;
the gas outlet is arranged at the top of the second combustion chamber.
3. The improved flash smelting reduction ironmaking apparatus of claim 2, wherein said bimodal iron bath furnace further comprises at least one lance set disposed on a furnace sidewall of said first combustion chamber;
the spray gun group is communicated with the flash smelting furnace through a gas pipeline and is used for conveying high-temperature reducing gas in the flash smelting furnace to the double-peak iron bath furnace.
4. The improved flash smelting reduction ironmaking apparatus of claim 3, wherein the lance set includes a primary lance and a secondary lance, the primary lance and the secondary lance communicating;
a throttle valve is arranged on a pipeline of the auxiliary spray gun and used for adjusting the gas flow of the main spray gun and the auxiliary spray gun;
when the gas flow demand of the main spray gun is large, the throttle valve is adjusted to reduce the gas flow of the auxiliary spray gun, and the gas flow of the main spray gun is increased;
when the gas flow demand of the main spray gun is small, the throttle valve is adjusted to increase the gas flow of the auxiliary spray gun, and the gas flow of the main spray gun is reduced.
5. The improved flash smelting reduction ironmaking apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the included angle between the main spray gun and the vertical direction is 20-60 degrees, and the included angle between the auxiliary spray gun and the vertical direction is 30-150 degrees;
the number of the main spray guns and the number of the auxiliary spray guns are 1-8, and the main spray guns and the auxiliary spray guns are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the first combustion chamber furnace body.
6. The improved flash smelting reduction ironmaking plant of claim 2, wherein the bimodal iron bath furnace further comprises at least one oxygen lance;
the oxygen spray gun is arranged at the top of the first combustion chamber and used for spraying oxygen to the first combustion chamber.
7. The improved flash smelting reduction ironmaking apparatus according to claim 2, wherein said bimodal iron bath furnace further comprises a bath side-blowing lance;
the molten pool side-blowing spray gun is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body of the double-peak iron bath furnace where the molten pool is located;
the side-blowing lance of the molten pool is installed in a downward inclination way at an angle of 0-45 degrees with the horizontal direction, and can blow reducing agents and oxygen into the molten pool along the radial direction or the tangential direction of the side wall of the double-peak iron bath furnace;
the number of the side-blown spray guns of the molten pool is 2-8, and the side-blown spray guns are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the double-peak iron bath furnace.
8. The improved flash smelting reduction ironmaking plant of claim 2, wherein the bimodal iron bath furnace further comprises a side-blown oxygen lance;
the side oxygen blowing lance is fixed on the side wall of the furnace body of the second combustion chamber, is installed in a downward inclination manner at an angle of 20-60 degrees with the vertical direction, and can blow oxygen to the upper part of the molten pool where the second combustion chamber is located;
the number of the side oxygen-blowing lances is 1-8, and the side oxygen-blowing lances are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the second combustion chamber.
9. The flash smelting reduction ironmaking process of the improved flash smelting reduction ironmaking apparatus of claims 1-8, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s01, adding fine ore, flux, oxygen and high-temperature reducing gas into the flash smelting furnace from a feed inlet of the flash smelting furnace, reducing and melting the fine ore by the high-temperature reducing gas in the falling process, enabling the obtained molten product to fall into the bottom of the flash smelting furnace, combusting the oxygen and the high-temperature reducing gas to provide heat for pre-reduction reaction in the flash smelting furnace, wherein the chemical formula of the pre-reduction reaction in the flash smelting furnace is as follows:
6Fe2O3＝4Fe3O4+O2
3Fe2O3+H2/CO＝2Fe3O4+CO2/H2O
Fe3O4+H2/CO＝3FeO+CO2/H2O
FeO+H2/CO＝Fe+CO2/H2O
O2+2CO/H2＝2CO2/H2O
s02, conveying the molten product generated by the flash smelting furnace into the double-peak iron bath furnace through the iron slag channel;
s03, blowing high-temperature reducing gas generated by the flash smelting furnace into a first combustion chamber through a gas pipeline by the main spray gun and the auxiliary spray gun;
s04, blowing oxygen to the first combustion chamber by an oxygen spray gun at the top of the first combustion chamber, and combusting the oxygen with high-temperature reducing gas in a free space to release heat so as to improve heat for a final reduction reaction in the double-peak iron bath furnace;
when the temperature in the double-peak iron bath furnace does not meet the requirement, starting a side oxygen blowing spray gun, blowing oxygen to the upper part of the molten pool where the second combustion chamber is located, and carrying out combustion reaction with high-temperature reducing gas to provide heat for final reduction reaction in the double-peak iron bath furnace;
s05, blowing a reducing agent and oxygen into the molten pool by the side-blowing lance of the molten pool, wherein part of the reducing agent is used for reducing iron oxide in the molten pool to obtain molten iron, and part of the reducing agent and the oxygen are combusted to release heat to provide heat for the final reduction reaction in the molten pool;
s06, when the high-temperature reducing gas carrying the dust passes through the furnace wall sunken between the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber, the dust can be separated from the gas and fall into a molten pool, and the gas is discharged into the reformed furnace through a gas outlet of the second combustion chamber;
s07, the reforming furnace uses the residual heat of the high-temperature reducing gas to convert CO2And H2O upgrading for CO and H production2And part of the reducing gas is conveyed into the flash smelting furnace through a gas pipeline.
10. The flash smelting reduction ironmaking process according to claim 9,
the reducing agent adopted in the step S05 is pulverized coal or H2；
When the reducing agent is pulverized coal, the mass percentage of carbon in the molten iron obtained by reduction is 4.0-5.1%, and the chemical reaction formula is as follows:
O2+2C＝2CO
FeO+C＝Fe+CO；
when the reducing agent is H2And then, the mass percentage of carbon in the molten iron obtained by reduction is less than or equal to 1.7 percent, and the chemical reaction formula is as follows:
O2+2H2＝2H2O
FeO+H2＝Fe+H2O。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2023284293A1 (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2023-01-19 | 云南锡业股份有限公司锡业分公司 | Top blown furnace having powdery material fed from side, and treatment method thereof |
| WO2023151242A1 (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2023-08-17 | 中钢设备有限公司 | Metal smelting device and steelmaking production line |
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| CN105296699A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-03 | 东北大学 | Smelting reduction iron-making device and method for avoiding re-oxidation of pre-reduction ores |
| CN105925809A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-09-07 | 天津闪速炼铁技术有限公司 | Connection-in-series flash furnace and smelting method |
| CN106086281A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 东北大学 | The ironmaking of a kind of flash and the integrated apparatus of coal gas and method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105296699A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-03 | 东北大学 | Smelting reduction iron-making device and method for avoiding re-oxidation of pre-reduction ores |
| CN105925809A (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2016-09-07 | 天津闪速炼铁技术有限公司 | Connection-in-series flash furnace and smelting method |
| CN106086281A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 东北大学 | The ironmaking of a kind of flash and the integrated apparatus of coal gas and method |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2023284293A1 (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2023-01-19 | 云南锡业股份有限公司锡业分公司 | Top blown furnace having powdery material fed from side, and treatment method thereof |
| WO2023151242A1 (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2023-08-17 | 中钢设备有限公司 | Metal smelting device and steelmaking production line |
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