CN112391212A - 一种适用于高海拔地区柴油机应用的含氧混合燃料 - Google Patents

一种适用于高海拔地区柴油机应用的含氧混合燃料 Download PDF

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CN112391212A
CN112391212A CN202011181927.1A CN202011181927A CN112391212A CN 112391212 A CN112391212 A CN 112391212A CN 202011181927 A CN202011181927 A CN 202011181927A CN 112391212 A CN112391212 A CN 112391212A
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董素荣
刘瑞林
周广猛
焦宇飞
张众杰
赵旻
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Army Military Transportation University
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    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
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    • C10L1/198—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds homo- or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon to carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an acyloxy radical of a saturated carboxylic acid, of carbonic acid
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种适用于高海拔地区柴油机应用的含氧混合燃料。本发明含氧混合燃料由煤基复合燃料、聚甲氧基二甲醚、‑35号柴油组成，其中煤基复合燃料体积分数为40％，聚甲氧基二甲醚体积分数为20％、‑35号柴油体积分数为40％；煤基复合燃料由链烷烃、环烷烃和芳烃组成，体积占比分别为80％、5％和15％。本发明在柴油中按比例添加相应的化学成分得到与柴油理化特性相近的混合燃料，具有高原适应性良好和排放清洁等优点，可以很好地解决能源危机和高原恶劣的环境所带来的相应问题。

Description

一种适用于高海拔地区柴油机应用的含氧混合燃料
技术领域
本发明涉及含氧混合燃料领域，更具体地说，是涉及一种适用于高海拔地区柴油机应用的含氧混合燃料。
背景技术
我国是一个高原大国，拥有世界上面积最大的高原地域。在我国的国土面积中，海拔1000m以上的高原约占58％，海拔2000m以上的高原约占33％，3000m以上的高原占26％。青藏高原是世界上最具代表性的高原，平均海拔超过4000m，总面积达240万km2，约占国土面积的1/4。
高原地区大气压力低、氧含量低的气候环境特点，导致柴油机燃烧恶化，动力性、经济性、可靠性、耐久性下降，热负荷增加，起动困难。研究结果表明，对增压柴油机来说，海拔高度每上升l000m，最高燃烧压力下降3％～4％，涡轮增压器转速上升6％～8％，额定功率下降4％～7％，最低燃油消耗率增加3％～7％，涡轮前温度升高7％，缸盖温度升高7％，机体热强度增加2％～4％。柴油机是车辆的“心脏”，柴油机的高原环境适应性直接影响车辆在高原地区运行时的动力性、经济性、可靠性、耐久性、起动性能等高原环境适应性能，进而影响整车的牵引特性、作业效率和运输效率等。因此，研究提高柴油机高原环境适应性关键技术，对于提高整装高原环境适应性有着非常重要的意义。
目前，针对柴油机在高原地区运行时出现的动力性和经济性下降、热负荷增大、冒黑烟和启动困难等问题，主要开展的研究工作包括：高原增压匹配、供油系统调整、提高进气氧含量等。通过综合分析，采用单级增压器与柴油机高原匹配、供油系统调整技术仅能在3000m以下实现柴油机的功率恢复；采用二级可调增压技术，虽然可以实现5000m柴油机功率恢复到平原的80％以上，但结构复杂、体积庞大，在车用柴油机上安装非常困难；采用富氧进气可以改善柴油机高原燃烧状况，但目前膜法制氧技术还不成熟，应用受到限制。而在柴油中掺入适当的含氧燃料，构成含氧柴油，是在不改变柴油机结构的情况下改善柴油机不同海拔燃烧和性能的重要手段，对解决高原缺氧条件下燃料燃烧不完全造成的柴油机动力性和经济性严重下降、热负荷增大且冒黑烟的问题具有重要意义。
研究结果表明，甲醇、乙醇等醇类含氧燃料，十六烷值低且与柴油互溶性极差，需对柴油机燃油系统进行改造，增加甲醇喷射系统；二甲醚含氧燃料的十六烷值高，着火性能好，但其缺点是常温下为气体，发动机供油系统必须作适当改进后才可使用；生物柴油虽然十六烷值很高，但含氧量偏低，低温性能和安定性差。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，克服上述现有技术中存在的不足，提供一种适用于高海拔地区柴油机应用的含氧混合燃料。
一种适合于高海拔地区柴油机应用的含氧混合燃料，由煤基复合燃料、聚甲氧基二甲醚(PODE3～5)、-35号柴油组成，其中煤基复合燃料体积分数为40％，聚甲氧基二甲醚(PODE3～5)体积分数为20％、-35号柴油体积分数为40％。
煤基复合燃料由链烷烃、环烷烃和芳烃组成，体积占比分别为80％、5％和15％。其中环烷烃主要包括：一环烷烃、二环烷烃、三环烷烃；芳烃主要包括：单环芳烃、双环芳烃、三环芳烃。
煤基复合燃料的理化特性：密度(20℃)为0.817g·cm-3、运动粘度(20℃)为3.1mm2·s-1、十六烷值57、低热值为46.356MJ·kg-1。
基于内燃机高海拔模拟试验系统，在某型高压共轨柴油机上进行了不同海拔(0m、2500m、3500m、4500m、5500m)下燃用含氧混合燃料和-35#柴油性能试验，实验结果表明：
与燃用-35#柴油相比，海拔每升高1000m，在1000r/min、1500r/min和2100r/min全负荷工况下，含氧混合燃料柴油机缸内压力平均增加1.5％、2.4％和2.1％；最大压力升高率平均下降2.1％、2.4％和2.8％；瞬时放热率峰值平均增加了2.7％、2.0％和1.8％；滞燃期平均缩短1.9％、1.1％和0.9％；燃烧持续期平均缩短1.9％、1.3％和1.2％。
与燃用-35#柴油相比，海拔每升高1000m，在1000r/min、1500r/min和2100r/min全负荷工况下，柴油机燃用含氧混合燃料时转矩分别提高2.9％、1.5％和1.2％，有效热效率分别提高3.2％、3.5％和2.3％；排气温度在中高转速平均下降1.4％和1.6％。
与燃用-35#柴油相比，海拔3500m、4500m和5500m时，Soot排放分别减少24.6％、31％和83.1％。
本发明在柴油中按比例添加相应的化学成分得到与柴油理化特性相近的混合燃料，具有高原适应性良好和排放清洁等优点，可以很好地解决能源危机和高原恶劣的环境所带来的相应问题。
具体实施方式
以下具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1：
由煤基复合燃料、聚甲氧基二甲醚(PODE3～5)、-35号柴油组成，其中煤基复合燃料体积分数为40％，聚甲氧基二甲醚(PODE3～5)体积分数为20％、-35号柴油体积分数为40％，其中煤基复合燃料由链烷烃、环烷烃、环芳烃组成，链烷烃、环烷烃、环芳烃体积占煤基复合燃料体积比分别为80％、5％和15％。其中链烷烃是以单键组成的直链饱和烃、分枝异构饱和烃为主的碳氢化合物，其分子式为CnH2n+2。
实施例2：
由煤基复合燃料、聚甲氧基二甲醚(PODE3～5)、-35号柴油组成，其中煤基复合燃料体积分数为40％，聚甲氧基二甲醚(PODE3～5)体积分数为20％、-35号柴油体积分数为40％，其中煤基复合燃料由链烷烃、环烷烃、环芳烃组成，链烷烃、环烷烃、环芳烃体积占煤基复合燃料体积比分别为80％、5％和15％，其中煤基复合燃料中环烷烃由一环烷烃、二环烷烃和三环芳烃构成，一环烷烃、二环烷烃和三环芳烃体积占环烷烃体积比分别为2％、2.6％和0.4％。
实施例3：
由煤基复合燃料、聚甲氧基二甲醚(PODE3～5)、-35号柴油组成，其中煤基复合燃料体积分数为40％，聚甲氧基二甲醚(PODE3～5)体积分数为20％、-35号柴油体积分数为40％，其中煤基复合燃料由链烷烃、环烷烃、环芳烃组成，链烷烃、环烷烃、环芳烃体积占煤基复合燃料体积比分别为80％、5％和15％，其中煤基复合燃料中环芳烃由单环芳烃、双环芳烃和三环芳烃组成，单环芳烃、双环芳烃和三环芳烃体积占环芳烃体积比分别为10.9％、3.5％和0.6％。

Claims (3)

1.一种适用于高海拔地区柴油机应用的含氧混合燃料，其特征是，含氧混合燃料由煤基复合燃料、聚甲氧基二甲醚、-35号柴油组成，其中煤基复合燃料体积分数为40％，聚甲氧基二甲醚体积分数为20％、-35号柴油体积分数为40％；煤基复合燃料由链烷烃、环烷烃和芳烃组成，体积占比分别为80％、5％和15％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的适用于高海拔地区柴油机应用的含氧混合燃料，其特征是，所述环烷烃由一环烷烃、二环烷烃和三环烷烃组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的适用于高海拔地区柴油机应用的含氧混合燃料，其特征是，所述芳烃由单环芳烃、双环芳烃和三环芳烃组成。
CN202011181927.1A 2020-10-29 2020-10-29 一种适用于高海拔地区柴油机应用的含氧混合燃料 Pending CN112391212A (zh)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012046169A1 (en) * 2010-10-04 2012-04-12 Basf Se Fuel mixtures composed of light cycle oil and polyoxymethylene dialkyl ethers
CN107446633A (zh) * 2017-09-13 2017-12-08 中央军委后勤保障部油料研究所 一种高原地区用聚甲氧基二烷基醚型含氧柴油

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2012046169A1 (en) * 2010-10-04 2012-04-12 Basf Se Fuel mixtures composed of light cycle oil and polyoxymethylene dialkyl ethers
CN107446633A (zh) * 2017-09-13 2017-12-08 中央军委后勤保障部油料研究所 一种高原地区用聚甲氧基二烷基醚型含氧柴油

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
董素荣等: "煤基复合燃料柴油机不同海拔燃烧与排放特性", 《工程热物理学报》 *

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Application publication date: 20210223