CN112390370B - Oxygenation composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system - Google Patents
Oxygenation composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112390370B CN112390370B CN202011184429.2A CN202011184429A CN112390370B CN 112390370 B CN112390370 B CN 112390370B CN 202011184429 A CN202011184429 A CN 202011184429A CN 112390370 B CN112390370 B CN 112390370B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
- C02F2101/16—Nitrogen compounds, e.g. ammonia
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Abstract
The invention discloses an oxygenation composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system, and belongs to the technical field of environmental protection. An oxygen increasing pool is arranged in front of the wetland system, and a nano bubble aeration technology mode is adopted, so that a large amount of micro-nano bubbles are generated in the water body, the dissolved oxygen content in the water body is increased, the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite loaded with nano zero-valent iron is used as a filling layer, the purpose of slow release of oxygen in the water body can be achieved, the content of the dissolved oxygen in the system is in a relatively stable level, and the wetland environment is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a composite subsurface flow constructed wetland sewage treatment system added with lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite loaded with nano zero-valent iron.
Background
The artificial wetland is a novel sewage treatment system which is artificially planned and constructed according to the sewage treatment principle of natural wetland and aquatic plant and effectively integrates the wetland properties, namely, the artificial wetland is formed by configuring plants, microorganisms and matrix according to a certain mode, and water quality treatment is carried out by utilizing triple synergistic effects of physics, chemistry, biology and the like.
In the artificial wetland, the substrate is an indispensable part of the artificial wetland, and most of physical, chemical and biological reactions occurring in the wetland are carried out in the substrate. On one hand, the substrate not only can become a skeleton of the artificial wetland, but also can provide a place for the growth and the propagation of microorganisms, so that the microorganisms can react with pollutants in the sewage to indirectly remove the pollutants. On the other hand, the substrate can directly remove the pollutants in the sewage flowing through the surface of the substrate through adsorption, complexation and ion exchange. Finally, the substrate can also provide carriers and nutrient substances for aquatic plants, promote the growth of the plants and achieve the aim of purifying sewage through the absorption of plant root systems.
Traditionally, a relatively large number of substrates mainly comprise gravel, limestone, fine sand and other materials, but the substrates have low adsorption capacity on nitrogen and phosphorus and poor removal effect, for example, chinese invention patent documents with the application number of 201410270235.2 and the application publication date of 2014 to 9 to 10 disclose a multi-flow state reinforced composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system and a use method thereof, the multi-flow state reinforced composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system consists of a hydrolysis acidification tank, a downstream subsurface flow wetland, an upstream subsurface flow wetland and a horizontal subsurface flow wetland, the composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system is pretreated by arranging the hydrolysis acidification tank in front, and a porous medium with porous grain size is selected as a filler, so that the blockage problem of the constructed wetland system can be effectively prevented, but the selected filler is gravel, the denitrification and dephosphorization effects of the constructed wetland can not be remarkably improved, and the problem of insufficient dissolved oxygen content in vertical flow constructed wetland can not be overcome. In recent years, substrates with nitrogen and phosphorus adsorption capacity, such as zeolite, ceramsite, fly ash and the like, are developed, and although the adsorption effect on nitrogen and phosphorus is improved, the removal effect on organic refractory pollutants in sewage is not ideal.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
Aiming at the problem that the dissolved oxygen content in a water body is difficult to ensure in the operation process of the existing wetland system and the treatment effect is influenced, the invention provides the oxygen-increasing composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an oxygen-increasing composite undercurrent constructed wetland system comprises an oxygen-increasing pool and an undercurrent wetland which are sequentially communicated according to the flowing direction of a water body; a micro-nano aeration device is arranged in the aeration tank; according to the flowing direction of the water body, the subsurface flow wetland comprises a descending subsurface flow wetland, an ascending subsurface flow wetland and a horizontal subsurface flow wetland which are sequentially communicated.
Furthermore, the oxygen-increasing composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system also comprises a water distribution tank communicated with the oxygen-increasing pool, and the height of the water distribution tank is higher than that of the oxygen-increasing pool and the subsurface flow wetland; aeration pipes of the micro-nano aeration device are uniformly laid at the bottom of the aeration tank, and a plurality of aeration heads are arranged on the aeration pipes.
Furthermore, filler layers containing zero-valent nano iron are arranged in the descending subsurface flow wetland, the ascending subsurface flow wetland and the horizontal subsurface flow wetland.
Furthermore, the filler layers containing zero-valent nano iron are all arranged in the middle of the descending subsurface flow wetland, the ascending subsurface flow wetland and the horizontal subsurface flow wetland.
Further, the filler layer containing zero-valent nano-iron is a lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layer loaded with zero-valent nano-iron.
And furthermore, packing layers are arranged in the downward subsurface flow wetland, the upward subsurface flow wetland and the horizontal subsurface flow wetland, and the packing layers are a mixed packing layer of biological carbon and fine sand, a biological ceramsite packing layer, a lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite packing layer loaded with zero-valent nano iron, a zeolite packing layer and a gravel packing layer from top to bottom in sequence.
Furthermore, in the downstream subsurface wetland, the packing density ratio of the biochar and fine sand mixed packing layer, the biological ceramsite packing layer, the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite packing layer loaded with zero-valent nano iron, the zeolite packing layer and the gravel packing layer is (1 to 1.6): (2 to 2.4): (2 to 2.6): (2.8 to 3.4): 3 to 3.8);
in the upstream subsurface flow wetland, the packing density ratio of the mixed packing layer of the biochar and the fine sand, the bio-ceramsite packing layer, the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite packing layer loaded with the zero-valent nano iron, the zeolite packing layer and the gravel packing layer is (1) - (1.6): 2) - (2.4): 2) - (2.6): 2.8) - (3.4): 3) - (3.8);
in the horizontal subsurface wetland, the packing density ratio of the mixed packing layer of the biochar and the fine sand, the biological ceramsite packing layer, the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite packing layer loaded with zero-valent nano iron, the zeolite packing layer and the gravel packing layer is (1) - (1.5): (2.25) - (3): 3.25) - (3.75): 4) - (4.5).
Further, in the downstream subsurface wetland, the filling height ratio of the mixed filler layer of the biochar and the fine sand, the bio-ceramsite filler layer, the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layer loaded with zero-valent nano iron, the zeolite filler layer and the gravel filler layer is (1.7) - (2.3): 2.7) - (3.3): 3.6) - (4.4): 6.4) - (7.6);
in the upstream subsurface wetland, the filling height ratio of the mixed filler layer of the biochar and the fine sand, the bio-ceramsite filler layer, the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layer loaded with zero-valent nano iron, the zeolite filler layer and the gravel filler layer is (1.7) - (2.3), (2.7) - (3.3), (3.6) - (4.4), (6.4) - (7.6);
in the horizontal subsurface wetland, the filling height ratio of the mixed filler layer of the biochar and the fine sand, the bio-ceramsite filler layer, the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layer loaded with zero-valent nano iron, the zeolite filler layer and the gravel filler layer is (1.7) - (2.3) - (2.7) - (3.4) - (3.6) - (4.4) - (2.6) - (4.4) - (5.4) - (6.6).
Further, the proportion of the biochar in the mixed filler layer of the biochar and the fine sand is 20-30%, and the particle size of the biochar is 2-2.5 mm; the particle size of the fine sand is 2 to 3 mm; the particle size of the biological ceramsite is 4 to 5 mm; the grain size of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite loaded with zero-valent nano iron is 6-8 mm; the particle size of the zeolite is 14 to 20 mm; the diameter of the gravel is 25 to 40 mm.
Furthermore, canna is planted on the downward subsurface flow wetland; planting calamus on the upstream undercurrent wet land; planting the windmill grass on the horizontal subsurface flow wet land.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The oxygen-increasing composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system provided by the invention adopts various forms of subsurface flow wetland combinations, combines the advantages of different wetland types, can prolong the retention time of sewage in the composite subsurface flow wetland system, and more fully utilizes the interaction of constructed wetland fillers-microorganisms-plants to purify the sewage;
meanwhile, the oxygen-increasing composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system provided by the invention is characterized in that the oxygen-increasing pool is arranged in front of the composite subsurface flow wetland system, and the nano-bubble aeration technology is adopted, so that the water flowing through the oxygen-increasing pool can be filled with micro-nano bubbles, and the condition of insufficient dissolved oxygen in the water in the vertical flow constructed wetland can be effectively compensated; experiments show that compared with the unaerated mode, the nano bubble aeration technology is adopted, the wetland treatment effect is improved by 5 to 10 percent, and therefore the pollutant removal efficiency of the subsurface flow constructed wetland system is improved.
(2) The invention provides an oxygen-increasing composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system, wherein lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layers loaded with zero-valent nano iron are arranged in a descending subsurface flow wetland, an ascending subsurface flow wetland and a horizontal subsurface flow wetland, and can be matched with an oxygen-increasing pool arranged in front of the composite subsurface flow wetland system, and specifically:
an oxygen increasing tank is arranged in front of the composite subsurface flow wetland system, a nano bubble aeration technology mode is adopted, a large amount of micro-nano bubbles can be filled into a water body, the micro-nano bubbles have long existence time, strong adsorption capacity and high oxygen mass transfer rate in the water body, the content of dissolved oxygen in the water body can be further increased, the situation that the dissolved oxygen in the vertical flow artificial wetland water body is insufficient is compensated, meanwhile, the micro-nano bubbles can enter and be loaded into pores of a packing layer formed by lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite with zero-valent nano iron, on one hand, the strong degradation capacity of the nano zero-valent iron under an aerobic condition can be fully exerted, the advantages of huge specific surface area and strong reaction activity of the nano zero-valent iron are exerted, and the degradation of pollutants is facilitated; on the other hand, oxygen entering the pores of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite loaded with zero-valent nano iron can be stored in the pores, and is slowly released in the water body treatment process to continuously release and supplement the oxygen in the wetland, so that the dissolved amount of the oxygen in the wetland is always maintained at a certain level; experiments show that by adopting the micro-nano bubble aeration technology and the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite loaded with the zero-valent nano iron for combination, compared with a system which is not filled with the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite loaded with the zero-valent nano iron, the wetland treatment effect is improved by 10 to 15 percent, so that the pollutant removal efficiency of the subsurface flow constructed wetland system is further improved;
meanwhile, it should be noted that although the nano zero-valent iron has great pollutant degradation capability under aerobic conditions, the nano zero-valent iron is easy to aggregate in practical application to cause the problem of reduced reaction activity; according to the invention, the natural attapulgite with good mechanical properties is adopted as the carrier to load the nano zero-valent iron, so that the water treatment effect of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite can be improved, the application channel and the field of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite can be expanded, and the defects that the nano zero-valent iron is easy to agglomerate and is difficult to separate when the nano zero-valent iron is singly used are overcome.
(4) According to the aeration composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system provided by the invention, the fillers of the aeration composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system are arranged in an arrangement mode that the particle sizes of different fillers are sequentially increased from top to bottom, so that the water flow is ensured to be smooth, and the condition of wetland blockage is prevented; the mixing layer of the biochar and the fine sand is mainly used for growing plants and intercepting larger suspended particles; the biological ceramsite has the characteristics of large specific surface area and porosity, can provide attachment sites for microorganisms, and is beneficial to forming a biological film on a substrate; the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite loaded with zero-valent nano iron can adsorb phosphorus in water and remove refractory organic matters in sewage at the same time; the zeolite can effectively adsorb ammonia nitrogen in sewage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an oxygen-increasing composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system provided by the invention;
in the figure: 1. a water distribution tank; 2. an oxygenation pool; 3. descending subsurface flow wetland; 4. an upstream subsurface flow wetland; 5. horizontal subsurface wetland; 6. a first valve; 8. a second valve; 7. a flow meter; 9. a water inlet pipe; 10. an aeration pipe; 11. an aeration head, 12, a water distribution pipe of the descending subsurface wetland; 13. a mixed packing layer of biochar and fine sand; 14. a biological ceramsite packing layer; 15. a lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layer loaded with zero-valent nano iron; 16. a zeolite filler layer; 17. a gravel packing layer; 18. a horizontal subsurface wetland water distribution pipe; 19. a water outlet pipe is arranged; 20. the water inlet of the horizontal subsurface flow wetland; 21. canna indica; 22. calamus; 23. piny grass; 24. an ascending subsurface wetland water distribution pipe.
Detailed Description
In the invention, the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite loaded with zero-valent nano iron is mainly synthesized by using attapulgite and hexa-ferric chloride with certain grain sizes, and the specific synthesis method comprises the following steps:
firstly, preparing lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite: grinding natural attapulgite into powder, granulating, calcining in muffle furnace at 700 deg.C for 2 h, adding into powder containing LaCl 3 (0.2 mol/L) and AlCl 3 ·6H 2 Adding 4Kg/L of O (2 mol/L) mixed solution, then oscillating for one hour at constant temperature, taking out, drying and cooling, then washing with ultrapure water, drying at low temperature and naturally cooling.
Loading zero-valent nano iron: lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite and hexa-combined ferric chloride are added into ethanol according to the mass ratio of 1:1 (the adding concentration is 40 g/L), then stirring is carried out for 30 min, a sodium borohydride solution with the volume 2 times of that of the ethanol is added dropwise, stirring is continued for 30 min, and nitrogen is continuously introduced in the whole process; after the reaction is finished, washing the reaction product by absolute ethyl alcohol, washing the reaction product by deionized water, and drying the reaction product in a drying box.
In the invention, the biochar used takes agricultural solid waste wheat straw as a main synthetic raw material, and the specific synthetic method comprises the following steps: the raw material for preparing the wheat straw biochar is agricultural biomass wheat straw, and the preparation method is an oxygen-limited temperature-controlled carbonization method.
The biomass material wheat straw is cut into small sections by scissors, washed by deionized water, naturally dried for two days in an outdoor sunny place, and then dried overnight at 80 ℃ in an electric heating forced air drying cabinet. After being crushed by a sample crusher, crushed and sieved straw samples are loaded into an aluminum box in batches, the aluminum box is placed in a muffle furnace after being compacted and covered tightly, the temperature is rapidly raised to 450 ℃ and kept at 2 h, then the aluminum box is taken out by using crucible tongs, the aluminum box is rapidly transferred into a vacuum drier prepared in advance to prevent the samples from further burning by contacting with air, and the vacuum is pumped to ensure a low-oxygen environment. And cooling, taking out the biochar, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, sealing, storing, and granulating according to the required particle size.
As shown in fig. 1, the oxygen-increasing composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system provided by the invention comprises a water distribution tank 1, an oxygen-increasing pool 2 and a subsurface flow wetland which are sequentially communicated through pipelines according to the flowing direction of a water body, wherein the position of the water distribution tank 1 is higher than that of the oxygen-increasing pool 2 and the subsurface flow wetland; wherein, a first valve 6, a flowmeter and a second valve 8 are sequentially arranged on a communication pipeline between the water distribution tank 1 and the aeration tank 2.
The upper part of the aeration tank 2 is provided with a water inlet pipe 9 communicated with the water distribution tank 1 through a communication pipeline; inside is provided with micro-nano aeration equipment, micro-nano aeration equipment's aeration pipe 10 is even lays in oxygenation pond 2 bottoms, is provided with a plurality of aeration head 11 on the aeration pipe 10.
According to the flowing direction of the water body, the subsurface flow wetland comprises a descending subsurface flow wetland 3, an ascending subsurface flow wetland 4 and a horizontal subsurface flow wetland 5 which are sequentially communicated; the descending subsurface flow wetland 3 is sequentially provided with a descending subsurface flow wetland water distribution pipe 12, a plant layer formed by canna 21, a mixed packing layer 13 of biological carbon and fine sand, a biological ceramsite packing layer 14, a lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite packing layer 15 loaded with zero-valent nano iron, a zeolite packing layer 16 and a gravel packing layer 17 from top to bottom, and the side wall of the lower part of the descending subsurface flow wetland 3 is also provided with a water outlet communicated with the ascending subsurface flow wetland 4; according to the sequence from top to bottom, the upstream subsurface flow wetland 4 is sequentially provided with a plant layer formed by calamus 22, a mixed packing layer 13 of biochar and fine sand, a biological ceramsite packing layer 14, a lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite packing layer 15 loaded with zero-valent nano iron, a zeolite packing layer 16, a gravel packing layer 17 and an upstream subsurface flow wetland water distribution pipe 24 communicated with a water outlet on the side wall of the lower part of the downstream subsurface flow wetland 3, and meanwhile, the side wall of the upper part of the upstream subsurface flow wetland 4 is also provided with a water outlet communicated with the horizontal subsurface flow wetland 5; according to the sequence from top to bottom, the horizontal subsurface flow wetland 5 is sequentially provided with a plant layer formed by windmill grass 23, a mixed packing layer 13 of biochar and fine sand, a biological ceramsite packing layer 14, a lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite packing layer 15 loaded with zero-valent nano iron, a zeolite packing layer 16 and a gravel packing layer 17, and the side wall of the lower part of the horizontal subsurface flow wetland 5 is also provided with a total water outlet pipe 19.
A horizontal subsurface flow wetland water inlet part 20 is also arranged between the upstream subsurface flow wetland 4 and the horizontal subsurface flow wetland 5, and a horizontal subsurface flow wetland water distribution pipe 18 communicated with a water outlet on the side wall of the upper part of the upstream subsurface flow wetland 4 is arranged above the horizontal subsurface flow wetland water inlet part 20; the water inlet part 20 of the horizontal subsurface flow wetland is filled with gravels.
Wherein, in the downstream subsurface wetland 3, the filling height ratio of the mixed filler layer 13 of the biochar and the fine sand, the bio-ceramsite filler layer 14, the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layer 15 loaded with the zero-valent nano iron, the zeolite filler layer 16 and the gravel filler layer 17 is (1.7) - (2.3): (2.7) - (3.3): (3.6) - (4.4): (3.6) - (4.4): 6.4) - (7.6), and the filling density ratio is (1) - (1.6): (2) - (2.4): (2) - (2.6): (2.8) - (3.4): (3) - (3.8); in the upstream subsurface wetland 4, the filling height ratio of the biochar and fine sand mixed packing layer 13, the bio-ceramsite packing layer 14, the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite packing layer 15 loaded with zero-valent nano iron, the zeolite packing layer 16 and the gravel packing layer 17 is (1.7) - (2.3): (2.7) - (3.3): (3.6) - (4.4): 6.4) - (7.6), and the filling density ratio is (1) - (1.6): (2) - (2.4): 2) - (2.6): 2.8) - (3.4): 3 (3) - (3.8); in the horizontal subsurface wetland 5, the filling height ratio of the mixed filler layer 13 of the biochar and the fine sand, the bio-ceramsite filler layer 14, the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layer 15 loaded with the zero-valent nano iron, the zeolite filler layer 16 and the gravel filler layer 17 is (1.7) - (2.3) - (2.7) - (3.4) - (3.6) - (4.4) - (2.6) - (4.4) - (5.4) - (6.6), and the filling density ratio is (1) - (1.5) - (2.25) - (3) - (3.25) - (3.75) - (4) - (4.5).
The operating principle of the oxygen-increasing composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system provided by the invention is as follows: the water in the water distribution tank 1 enters an oxygenation tank 2 for oxygenation, so that micro-nano bubbles are filled in the water;
then, water in the aeration tank 2 flows into a wetland system of composite subsurface flow through a water distribution pipe, wherein the biochar in the mixed packing layer 13 of biochar and fine sand can obviously promote plant growth, so that the plant can intercept and absorb part of pollutants by means of the cooperation of a root system and the fine sand, the bio-ceramsite packing layer 14 can remove pollutants such as nitrogen and phosphorus in water by microorganisms adsorbed and grown on the surface of the bio-ceramsite packing layer due to the porous specific surface area, the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite packing layer 15 loaded with zero-valent nano iron can effectively remove phosphorus in the sewage through precipitation reaction by depending on calcium and lanthanum-aluminum salts in the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite loaded with the zero-valent nano iron, organic pollutants difficult to degrade can be converted into small molecular substances by utilizing the strong reducibility of the nano zero-valent iron, the zeolite in the zeolite packing layer 16 has strong adsorption performance on aerobic microorganisms attached to the surface of the nano iron, the nitrogen removal in the artificial ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen wetland can be further enhanced, and the gravel in the zeolite packing layer 17 can be used as an effective substrate for supporting. More specifically, the water in the aeration tank 2 flows out, enters the descending subsurface flow wetland 3 through the descending subsurface flow wetland water distribution pipe 12, flows through the descending subsurface flow wetland packing layer, then enters the ascending subsurface flow wetland 4 through the ascending subsurface flow wetland water distribution pipe 24 on the right side of the lower part of the descending subsurface flow wetland 3, flows through the packing layer in the ascending subsurface flow wetland, flows into the horizontal subsurface flow wetland 5 through the horizontal subsurface flow wetland water distribution pipe 18, and flows out through the total water outlet pipe 19 on the right side of the lower part of the horizontal subsurface flow wetland 5 through the packing layer of the horizontal subsurface flow wetland 5.
The water body oxygenated by the oxygenation tank 2 is filled with micro-nano bubbles, the micro-nano bubbles gradually enter lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite pores loaded with zero-valent nano iron in each subsurface flow wetland to realize temporary storage in the process that the water body sequentially flows through the downstream subsurface flow wetland 3, the upstream subsurface flow wetland 4 and the horizontal subsurface flow wetland 5, and the content of dissolved oxygen which is relatively stable in each subsurface flow wetland can be gradually released in the subsequent system operation process so as to maintain the removal efficiency of pollutants by the subsurface flow artificial wetland system.
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the total size of the oxygen-enhanced composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system in the embodiment is as follows: length × width × height: 500 cm × 150 cm × 150 cm. Under the condition that the oxygen increasing pond 2, the descending subsurface flow wetland 3, the ascending subsurface flow wetland 4 and the horizontal subsurface flow wetland 5 keep the same width and height, the length of the oxygen increasing pond is 100 cm, the length of the descending subsurface flow wetland is 100 cm, the length of the ascending subsurface flow wetland is 100 cm, and the length of the horizontal subsurface flow wetland is 200 cm.
The composite undercurrent artificial wetland filler comprises a mixed filler layer 13 of biochar and fine sand, a biological ceramsite filler layer 14, a lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layer 15 loaded with zero-valent nano iron, a zeolite filler layer 16 and a gravel filler layer 17 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the filling height, the density and the particle size distribution of each layer are as follows:
in the descending subsurface wetland 3, the filling height of the mixed filler layer 13 of the biochar and the fine sand is 10 cm, and the filling density is 0.65 g/m 3 Wherein the grain diameter of the fine sand is 2 to 3 mm, the volume of the biochar accounts for 20 to 30 percent of the total volume of the mixed layer, and the grain diameter of the biochar is 2 to 2.3 mm; the filling height of the biological ceramsite packing layer 14 is 15 cm, and the filling density is 1.1 g/m 3 Wherein the particle size of the biological ceramsite is 4 to 5 mm; the filling height of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layer 15 loaded with zero-valent nano iron is 20 cm, and the filling density is 1.2 g/m 3 Wherein the grain diameter of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite loaded with zero-valent nano iron is 6-8 mm; the filling height of the zeolite filler layer 16 is 20 cm, and the filling density is 1.6 g/m 3 Wherein the particle size of the zeolite is 14 to 20 mm; the filling height of the gravel packing layer 17 is 35 cm, and the filling density is 1.7 g/m 3 Wherein the particle size of the gravel is 25 to 40 mm;
in the upstream subsurface wetland 4, the filling height of the mixed filler layer 13 of the biochar and the fine sand is 10 cm, and the filling density is 0.65 g/m 3 Wherein the grain diameter of the fine sand is 2 mm, the volume of the biochar accounts for 20 to 30 percent of the total volume of the mixed layer, and the grain diameter of the biochar is 2 to 2.5 mm; the filling height of the biological ceramsite packing layer 14 is 15 cm, and the filling density is 1.1 g/m 3 Wherein the particle size of the biological ceramsite is 4 to 5 mm; the filling height of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layer 15 loaded with zero-valent nano iron is 10 cm, and the filling density is 1.2 g/m 3 Wherein the grain diameter of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite loaded with zero-valent nano iron is 20 cm; the filling height of the zeolite filler layer 16 is 20 cm, and the filling density is 1.6 g/m 3 Wherein the particle size of the zeolite is 14 to 20 mm; the filling height of the gravel packing layer 17 is 35 cm, and the filling density is 1.7 g/m 3 Wherein the particle size of the gravel is 25 to 40 mm;
in the horizontal subsurface wetland 5, the filling height of the mixed filler layer 13 of the biochar and the fine sand is 10 cm, and the filling density is 0.5 g/m 3 Wherein the grain diameter of the fine sand is 2 mm, the volume of the biochar accounts for 20 to 30 percent of the total volume of the mixed layer, and the grain diameter of the biochar is 2 to 2.5 mm; the filling height of the biological ceramsite packing layer 14 is 15 cm, and the filling density is 1.1 g/m 3 Wherein the particle size of the biological ceramsite is 4 to 5 mm; the filling height of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layer 15 loaded with zero-valent nano iron is 20 cm, and the filling density is 1.1 g/m 3 Wherein the grain diameter of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite loaded with zero-valent nano iron is 6-7 mm; the filling height of the zeolite filler layer 16 is 15 cm, and the filling density is 1.4 g/m 3 Wherein the particle size of the zeolite is 14 to 20 mm; the filling height of the gravel packing layer 17 is 30 cm, and the filling density is 1.7 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the gravel is 25 to 40 mm;
planting different aquatic plants in the composite subsurface flow wetland system so as to exert the advantages of the different aquatic plants and improve the treatment effect of the wetland system, wherein canna 21 is planted on the composite subsurface flow wetland system descending from left to right on the subsurface flow wetland 3; planting calamus 22 on the upstream subsurface wetland 4; planting windmill grass 23 on the horizontal subsurface wetland 5; the planting is carried out in a density of 25 holes per square meter, one plant in each hole and 200 mm hole spacing.
In this embodiment, a continuous water inlet mode is adopted in the system operation process, the hydraulic retention time in the whole composite subsurface wetland is 4 d, and after the composite artificial wetland water inlet and outlet operation is 30 d, the removal effect on pollutants is as follows:
setting the inflow water quality TSS of the subsurface wetland to be 94-128 mg/L and COD (chemical oxygen demand) cr 310 to 503 mg/L, 76.5 to 122.6 mg/L BOD5, 63 to 76 mg/L TN and NH 4 N is 30.8 to 42.1 mg/L, TP is 6.9 to 9.4 mg/L, and methylene blue with the concentration of 12 mg/L is added into the water to simulate the chromaticity of the organic polluted wastewater.
During the operation of the systemThe method adopts a continuous water inlet mode, the hydraulic retention time is 4 d, the subsurface flow wetland operates 30 d, and the removal effect on pollutants is as follows: the removal rate of TSS was 96.1%, COD cr The removal rate of (2) is 90%, the removal rate of BOD5 is 96%, the removal rate of TN is 85%, and NH is 4 The removal rate of N is 90%, the removal rate of TP is 95%, and the removal rate of chromaticity reaches 99.9%. The invention improves the wetland substrate, thereby improving the treatment effect of the wetland on the organic polluted wastewater and strengthening the denitrification and dephosphorization.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, the total size of the aeration composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system in this embodiment is: length × width × height: 500 cm × 150 cm × 150 cm. Under the condition that the oxygen increasing pond 2, the descending subsurface flow wetland 3, the ascending subsurface flow wetland 4 and the horizontal subsurface flow wetland 5 keep the same width and height, the length of the oxygen increasing pond is 100 cm, the length of the descending subsurface flow wetland is 100 cm, the length of the ascending subsurface flow wetland is 100 cm, and the length of the horizontal subsurface flow wetland is 200 cm.
The composite undercurrent artificial wetland filler comprises a biochar and fine sand mixed filler layer 13, a biological ceramsite filler layer 14, a lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layer 15 loaded with zero-valent nano iron, a zeolite filler layer 16 and a gravel filler layer 17 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the filling height, density and particle size distribution of each layer are as follows:
in the descending subsurface wetland 3, the filling height of the mixed filler layer 13 of the biochar and the fine sand is 8.5 cm, and the filling density is 0.7 g/cm 3 Wherein the grain diameter of the fine sand is 2 mm, the volume of the biochar accounts for 20 to 30 percent of the total volume of the mixed layer, and the grain diameter of the biochar is 2 to 2.5 mm; the filling height of the biological ceramsite packing layer 14 is 13.5 cm, and the filling density is 1.0 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the biological ceramsite is 4 to 5 mm; the filling height of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layer 15 loaded with zero-valent nano iron is 18 cm, and the filling density is 1.2 g/cm 3 Wherein the grain diameter of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite loaded with zero-valent nano iron is 6-7 mm; the filling height of the zeolite filler layer 16 is 18 cm, and the filling density is 1.5 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the zeolite is 14 to 20 mm; the filling height of the gravel packing layer 17 is 33 cm, and the filling density is 1.6 g/cm 3 Wherein the gravel has a particle size of25~40 mm；
In the upstream subsurface wetland 4, the filling height of the mixed filler layer 13 of the biochar and the fine sand is 8.5 cm, and the filling density is 0.6 g/cm 3 Wherein the grain diameter of the fine sand is 2 mm, the volume of the biochar accounts for 20 to 25 percent of the total volume of the mixed layer, and the grain diameter of the biochar is 2 to 2.5 mm; the filling height of the biological ceramsite packing layer 14 is 14 cm, and the filling density is 1.0 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the biological ceramsite is 4 to 5 mm; the filling height of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layer 15 loaded with zero-valent nano iron is 19 cm, and the filling density is 1.1 g/cm 3 Wherein the grain diameter of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite loaded with zero-valent nano iron is 6-7 mm; the filling height of the zeolite filler layer 16 is 19 cm, and the filling density is 1.4 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the zeolite is 14 to 20 mm; the filling height of the gravel packing layer 17 is 32 cm, and the filling density is 1.5 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the gravel is 25 to 40 mm;
in the horizontal subsurface wetland 5, the filling height of the mixed filler layer 13 of the biochar and the fine sand is 9 cm, and the filling density is 0.4 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the fine sand is 2 mm, the volume of the biochar accounts for 20 to 25 percent of the total volume of the mixed layer, and the particle size of the biochar is 2 to 3 mm; the filling height of the biological ceramsite packing layer 14 is 13 cm, and the filling density is 0.9 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the biological ceramsite is 4 to 5 mm; the filling height of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layer 15 loaded with zero-valent nano iron is 18 cm, the filling density is 1.3 g/cm, and the particle size of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite loaded with zero-valent nano iron is 6-7 mm; the filling height of the zeolite filler layer 16 is 13 cm, and the filling density is 1.3 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the zeolite is 14 to 20 mm; the gravel packing layer 17 has a packing height of 27 and a packing density of 1.6 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the gravel is 25 to 40 mm;
planting different aquatic plants in the composite subsurface flow wetland system to exert the advantages of the different aquatic plants and improve the treatment effect of the wetland system, wherein canna 21 is planted on the composite subsurface flow wetland system descending from left to right on the subsurface flow wetland 3; planting calamus 22 on the upstream subsurface wetland 4; planting windmill grass 23 on the horizontal subsurface wetland 5; the planting is carried out in 25 holes per square meter, one plant is planted in each hole, and the hole spacing is 200 mm.
In this embodiment, a continuous water feeding mode is adopted in the system operation process, the hydraulic retention time of the whole wetland is 3 d, and the composite artificial wetland operates 30 d, and the pollutant removal effect is as follows:
setting the inflow water of the composite subsurface flow wetland as municipal sewage, wherein the water quality TSS is 50.4-89.9 mg/L, the CODcr is 93.4-120.5 mg/L, the BOD5 is 40.7-80.3 mg/L, the TN is 30.2-60.4 mg/L, and NH 4 N is 15.2 to 29.3 mg/L, and TP is 1.5 to 3.3 mg/L.
In the operation process of the system, a continuous water inlet mode is adopted, the hydraulic retention time is 3 d, the subsurface flow wetland operates 30 d, and the removal effect on pollutants is as follows: the removal rate of TSS is 95.1-95.9%, the removal rate of CODcr is 89.8-90.1%, the removal rate of BOD5 is 94.3-95.4%, the removal rate of TN is 85.6-86.3%, the removal rate of NH 4-N is 87.5-88.1%, and the removal rate of TP is 94.3-95.1%. The invention improves the wetland substrate, thereby improving the treatment effect of the wetland on the organic polluted wastewater and strengthening the denitrification and dephosphorization.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, the total size of the oxygen-enhanced composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system in the embodiment is as follows: length × width × height: 500 cm × 150 cm × 200 cm. Under the condition that the oxygen increasing pond 2, the descending subsurface flow wetland 3, the ascending subsurface flow wetland 4 and the horizontal subsurface flow wetland 5 keep the same width and height, the length of the oxygen increasing pond is 100 cm, the length of the descending subsurface flow wetland is 100 cm, the length of the ascending subsurface flow wetland is 100 cm, and the length of the horizontal subsurface flow wetland is 200 cm.
The composite undercurrent artificial wetland filler comprises a mixed filler layer 13 of biochar and fine sand, a biological ceramsite filler layer 14, a lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layer 15 loaded with zero-valent nano iron, a zeolite filler layer 16 and a gravel filler layer 17 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the filling height, the density and the particle size distribution of each layer are as follows:
in the descending subsurface wetland 3, the filling height of the mixed filler layer 13 of the biochar and the fine sand is 11 cm, and the filling density is 0.8 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the fine sand is 2 mm, the volume of the biochar accounts for 20 to 30 percent of the total volume of the mixed layer, and the particle size of the biochar is 2 to 3 mm;the filling height of the biological ceramsite packing layer 14 is 16 cm, and the filling density is 1.2 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the biological ceramsite is 4 to 5 mm; the filling height of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layer 15 loaded with zero-valent nano iron is 22 cm, and the filling density is 1.3 g/cm 3 Wherein the grain diameter of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite loaded with zero-valent nano iron is 7-8 mm; the filling height of the zeolite filler layer 16 is 22 cm, and the filling density is 1.7 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the zeolite is 14 to 20 mm; the filling height of the gravel packing layer 17 is 38 cm, and the filling density is 1.9 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the gravel is 25 to 40 mm;
in the upstream subsurface wetland 4, the filling height of the mixed filler layer 13 of the biochar and the fine sand is 10.5 cm, and the filling density is 0.75 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the fine sand is 2 mm, the volume of the biochar accounts for 20 to 25 percent of the total volume of the mixed layer, and the particle size of the biochar is 2 to 3 mm; the filling height of the biological ceramsite packing layer 14 is 16.5 cm, and the filling density is 1.0 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the biological ceramsite is 4 to 5 mm; the filling height of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layer 15 loaded with zero-valent nano iron is 21 cm, and the filling density is 1.25 g/cm 3 Wherein the grain diameter of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite loaded with zero-valent nano iron is 6-7 mm; the filling height of the zeolite filler layer 16 is 22 cm, and the filling density is 1.7 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the zeolite is 14 to 20 mm; the filling height of the gravel packing layer 17 is 38 cm, and the filling density is 1.8 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the gravel is 25 to 40 mm;
in the horizontal subsurface wetland 5, the filling height of the mixed filler layer 13 of the biochar and the fine sand is 11 cm, and the filling density is 0.6 g/cm 3 Wherein the grain diameter of the fine sand is 2 mm, the volume of the biochar accounts for 20 to 25 percent of the total volume of the mixed layer, and the grain diameter of the biochar is 2 to 3 mm; the filling height of the biological ceramsite packing layer 14 is 17 cm, and the filling density is 1.2 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the biological ceramsite is 4 to 5 mm; the filling height of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layer 15 loaded with zero-valent nano iron is 20 cm, and the filling density is 1.2 g/cm 3 Wherein the grain diameter of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite loaded with zero-valent nano iron is 6-8 mm; the filling height of the zeolite filler layer 16 is 17 cm,the packing density is 1.5 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the zeolite is 14 to 20 mm; the filling height of the gravel packing layer 17 is 33 cm, and the filling density is 1.8 g/cm 3 Wherein the particle size of the gravel is 25 to 40 mm;
planting different aquatic plants in the composite subsurface flow wetland system to exert the advantages of the different aquatic plants and improve the treatment effect of the wetland system, wherein canna 21 is planted on the composite subsurface flow wetland system descending from left to right on the subsurface flow wetland 3; planting calamus 22 on the upstream subsurface wetland 4; planting windmill grass 23 on the horizontal subsurface wetland 5; the planting is carried out in a density of 25 holes per square meter, one plant in each hole and 200 mm hole spacing.
In this embodiment, a continuous water feeding mode is adopted in the system operation process, the hydraulic retention time is 5 d, and when the composite artificial wetland operates 45 d, the pollutant removal effect is as follows:
the composite subsurface flow wetland is arranged to treat polluted river water, and the water inlet quality is that COD is 90-140 mg/L, TN 12-16 mg/L, TP is 1.3-3.2 mg/L, and NH 4-N is 11-14 mg/L. The removal effect on pollutants is as follows: the removal rate of COD of the system reaches 87.6 percent, the removal rate of TN reaches about 90 percent, the total nitrogen of the effluent is basically maintained at 1.5 mg/L, the removal rate of TP reaches 94.2 percent, the total phosphorus of the effluent is lower than 0.2 mg/L, the removal rate of NH 4-N reaches 95 percent, and the water quality of the polluted river water can reach the III-class standard of the surface water environment quality.
Comparative example 1
The structure of the oxygen-increasing composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system in the comparative example is basically the same as that in example 1, the difference is that an oxygen-increasing pool 2 is not arranged in front of the subsurface flow wetland, and meanwhile, a mixed packing layer, a bio-ceramsite packing layer, a zeolite packing layer and a gravel packing layer of biochar and fine sand are only filled in a downstream subsurface flow wetland 3, an upstream subsurface flow wetland 4 and a horizontal subsurface flow wetland 5 of the subsurface flow wetland, and the rest is the same as that in example 1.
In this comparative example, the system operation process and parameter conditions were the same as in example 1, and the pollutant removal effect was:
setting the inflow water quality TSS of the subsurface wetland to be 94-128 mg/L and COD (chemical oxygen demand) cr 310 to 503 mg/L, BOD5 is 76.5 to 122.6 mg/L, TN is 63 to 76 mg/L, NH 4 N is 30.8 to 42.1 mg/L, TP is 6.9 to 9.4 mg/L, and methylene blue with the concentration of 12 mg/L is added into the water to simulate the chromaticity of the organic polluted wastewater.
In the operation process of the system, a continuous water inlet mode is adopted, the hydraulic retention time of the whole wetland is 4 d, and the composite wetland operates 30 d, and the removal effect on pollutants is as follows: the removal rate of TSS is 89.4%, the removal rate of CODcr is 78.3%, the removal rate of BOD5 is 85.6%, the removal rate of TN is 79.1%, the removal rate of NH 4-N is 86%, the removal rate of TP is 82.5%, and the removal rate of chromaticity is 80%. The treatment effect and the enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect on the organic polluted wastewater in the comparative example are obviously inferior to those in example 1.
Comparative example 2
The structure of the oxygen-increasing composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system in the comparative example is basically the same as that in the example 1, and the difference is that the oxygen-increasing pool 2 is not arranged in front of the subsurface flow wetland, and the rest is the same as that in the example 1.
In this comparative example, the system operation process and parameter conditions were the same as in example 1, and the pollutant removal effect was:
setting the inflow water quality of the subsurface wetland at TSS of 94-128 mg/L, CODcr of 310-503 mg/L, BOD5 of 76.5-122.6 mg/L, TN of 63-76 mg/L and NH 4 N is 30.8 to 42.1 mg/L, TP is 6.9 to 9.4 mg/L, and methylene blue with the concentration of 12 mg/L is added into water to simulate the chromaticity of the organic polluted wastewater.
In the operation process of the system, a continuous water inlet mode is adopted, the hydraulic retention time is 4 d, the subsurface flow wetland operates 30 d, and the removal effect on pollutants is as follows: the removal rate of TSS was 94.2%, the removal rate of CODcr was 84.9%, the removal rate of BOD5 was 90.3%, the removal rate of TN was 83.1%, and NH was 4 The removal rate of N is 88.5%, the removal rate of TP is 92%, and the removal rate of chromaticity is 92.5%. The treatment effect and the enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect on the organic polluted wastewater in the comparative example are obviously inferior to those in example 1.
Comparative example 3
The structure of the oxygen-increasing composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system in the comparative example is basically the same as that in example 1, and the differences are that only a mixed packing layer, a bio-ceramsite packing layer, a zeolite packing layer and a gravel packing layer which are only filled with biochar and fine sand are filled in a downstream subsurface flow wetland 3, an upstream subsurface flow wetland 4 and a horizontal subsurface flow wetland 5 of the subsurface flow wetland, and the rest is the same as that in example 1.
In this comparative example, the system operation process and parameter conditions were the same as in example 1, and the pollutant removal effect was:
setting the inflow water quality of the subsurface wetland at TSS of 94-128 mg/L, CODcr of 310-503 mg/L, BOD5 of 76.5-122.6 mg/L, TN of 63-76 mg/L and NH 4 N is 30.8 to 42.1 mg/L, TP is 6.9 to 9.4 mg/L, and methylene blue with the concentration of 12 mg/L is added into the water to simulate the chromaticity of the organic polluted wastewater.
In the operation process of the system, a continuous water inlet mode is adopted, the hydraulic retention time is 4 d, the subsurface flow wetland operates 30 d, and the removal effect on pollutants is as follows: the removal rate of TSS is 95%, the removal rate of CODcr is 80.5%, the removal rate of BOD5 is 88.2%, the removal rate of TN is 80%, the removal rate of NH 4-N is 86.5%, the removal rate of TP is 89%, and the removal rate of chromaticity is 85%. The treatment effect and the enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect on the organic polluted wastewater in the comparative example are obviously inferior to those in example 1.
Claims (5)
1. An oxygenation composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system is characterized in that: according to the flowing direction of the water body, the aeration tank (2) and the subsurface wetland are sequentially communicated; a micro-nano aeration device is arranged in the aeration tank (2); according to the flowing direction of the water body, the subsurface flow wetland comprises a descending subsurface flow wetland (3), an ascending subsurface flow wetland (4) and a horizontal subsurface flow wetland (5) which are sequentially communicated;
packing layers containing zero-valent nano iron are arranged in the downward subsurface flow wetland (3), the upward subsurface flow wetland (4) and the horizontal subsurface flow wetland (5); the packing layer containing the zero-valent nano-iron is a lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite packing layer (15) loaded with the zero-valent nano-iron, and the packing layer containing the zero-valent nano-iron is arranged in the middle of the downstream subsurface wetland (3), the upstream subsurface wetland (4) and the horizontal subsurface wetland (5), and specifically comprises the following components in percentage by weight: packing layers are arranged in the downward subsurface flow wetland (3), the upward subsurface flow wetland (4) and the horizontal subsurface flow wetland (5), and the packing layers are a mixed packing layer (13) of biological carbon and fine sand, a biological ceramsite packing layer (14), a lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite packing layer (15) loaded with zero-valent nano iron, a zeolite packing layer (16) and a gravel packing layer (17) from top to bottom in sequence;
in the downstream subsurface wetland (3), the packing density ratio of a biochar and fine sand mixed packing layer (13), a biological ceramsite packing layer (14), a lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite packing layer (15) loaded with zero-valent nano iron, a zeolite packing layer (16) and a gravel packing layer (17) is (1) - (1.6), (2) - (2.4), (2) - (2.6), (2.8) - (3.4) and (3) - (3.8);
in the upstream subsurface wetland (4), the packing density ratio of a biochar and fine sand mixed packing layer (13), a biological ceramsite packing layer (14), a lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite packing layer (15) loaded with zero-valent nano iron, a zeolite packing layer (16) and a gravel packing layer (17) is (1) - (1.6), (2) - (2.4), (2) - (2.6), (2.8) - (3.4) and (3) - (3.8);
in the horizontal subsurface wetland (5), the packing density ratio of the biochar and fine sand mixed packing layer (13), the biological ceramsite packing layer (14), the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite packing layer (15) loaded with zero-valent nano iron, the zeolite packing layer (16) and the gravel packing layer (17) is (1) - (1.5): (2.25) - (3): (3.25) - (3.75): 4) - (4.5).
2. The aeration composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the device also comprises a water distribution tank (1) communicated with the aeration pool (2), wherein the height of the water distribution tank (1) is higher than that of the aeration pool (2) and the subsurface flow wetland;
aeration pipes (10) of the micro-nano aeration device are uniformly laid at the bottom of the aeration tank (2), and a plurality of aeration heads (11) are arranged on the aeration pipes (10).
3. The oxygen-increasing composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the downstream subsurface wetland (3), the filling height ratio of the biochar and fine sand mixed packing layer (13), the biological ceramsite packing layer (14), the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite packing layer (15) loaded with zero-valent nano iron, the zeolite packing layer (16) and the gravel packing layer (17) is (1.7) - (2.3): (2.7) - (3.3): (3.6) - (4.4): (3.6) - (4.4): 6.4) - (7.6);
in the upstream subsurface wetland (4), the filling height ratio of the biochar and fine sand mixed filler layer (13), the biological ceramsite filler layer (14), the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite filler layer (15) loaded with zero-valent nano iron, the zeolite filler layer (16) and the gravel filler layer (17) is (1.7) - (2.3): (2.7) - (3.3): (3.6) - (4.4): (3.6) - (4.4): 6.4) - (7.6);
in the horizontal subsurface wetland (5), the filling height ratio of the biochar and fine sand mixed packing layer (13), the biological ceramsite packing layer (14), the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite packing layer (15) loaded with zero-valent nano iron, the zeolite packing layer (16) and the gravel packing layer (17) is (1.7) - (2.3): (2.7) - (3.4): (3.6) - (4.4): (2.6) - (4.4): 5.4) - (6.6).
4. The oxygen-increasing composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the proportion of the biochar in the mixed filler layer (13) of the biochar and the fine sand is 20-30%, and the particle size of the biochar is 2-2.5 mm; the particle size of the fine sand is 2 to 3 mm; the particle size of the biological ceramsite is 4 to 5 mm; the grain size of the lanthanum-aluminum attapulgite loaded with zero-valent nano iron is 6-8 mm; the particle size of the zeolite is 14 to 20 mm; the diameter of the gravel is 25 to 40 mm.
5. The oxygen-increasing composite subsurface flow constructed wetland system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: canna (21) is planted on the downward subsurface wetland (3); planting calamus (22) on the upstream subsurface wetland (4); windmill grass (23) is planted on the horizontal subsurface wetland (5).
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