CN112388195A - Welding method of medium carbon quenched and tempered cast steel - Google Patents
Welding method of medium carbon quenched and tempered cast steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN112388195A CN112388195A CN202011042388.3A CN202011042388A CN112388195A CN 112388195 A CN112388195 A CN 112388195A CN 202011042388 A CN202011042388 A CN 202011042388A CN 112388195 A CN112388195 A CN 112388195A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
Abstract
The welding method of the carbon quenched and tempered cast steel, which is disclosed by the invention, welds in a quenched and tempered state, and comprises the following steps of: preparing a groove; calculating the preheating temperature, and preheating the steel groove; solid argon-rich arc welding is selected, and the strength of the welding wire is matched with the equal strength of steel; postweld heat treatment; and cooling and detecting, wherein the influence of chemical components of the steel plate, the content of diffused hydrogen of a welding material, the plate thickness and the energy of a welding line is comprehensively considered by the adopted preheating temperature, the selected welding material is matched with the casting body in strength and the like, the adopted welding process parameters are verified by welding process evaluation, and through slow cooling after welding and stress relief annealing after welding, the residual stress at the position of repair welding is greatly reduced, the defects of cracks and the like after welding are avoided, and the quality guarantee is provided for the repair welding of medium-carbon quenched and tempered cast steel.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of welding, in particular to a welding method of medium carbon quenched and tempered cast steel.
Background
The medium carbon quenched and tempered cast steel is widely applied to high-strength pouring joints, joints and cable clamps, and due to the high strength of the medium carbon quenched and tempered cast steel, the dead weight of the cast product is greatly reduced, and the light-weight production of the cast product is guaranteed. In the process of solidification and cooling of the casting, the shrinkage is hindered due to the structure and phase change, and casting stress is generated. In the heat treatment of a casting, internal stress due to unevenness in heating or cooling and structural stress due to inequality and unevenness in structural transformation are called heat treatment stress. In addition, the casting itself has many casting defects. Under the multiple actions of casting stress, heat treatment stress and casting defects, if the stress of a certain area exceeds the strength of the casting metal of the area, defects such as cracks and the like can be generated in the area. If the defect is not repaired, the defect can be expanded and extended under the action of internal and external forces, and great potential safety hazard is formed.
At present, the most economical and effective repair method is welding repair, the carbon content of medium-carbon quenched and tempered cast steel is 0.3-0.6%, and a certain amount of alloy elements such as Cr, Mo and the like are added to ensure hardenability and improve tempering resistance under general conditions. The steel grade has obvious hardening tendency and serious cold cracking tendency, and a superheated zone of a welding heat affected zone has embrittlement phenomenon, and usually, the steel grade needs to be welded in an annealing state and then subjected to quenching and tempering treatment after welding. If welding is performed in a hardened and tempered condition, there is a problem that the heat affected zone softens after welding, and this zone is lower in strength and hardness than the base metal in a normal hardened and tempered condition, and becomes a weak zone of the welded joint. Welding of medium carbon quenched and tempered cast steel in a quenched and tempered state is always a difficult problem in the field of welding.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a welding method of medium carbon quenched and tempered cast steel in order to repair defects in the medium carbon quenched and tempered cast steel.
According to the welding method of the carbon quenched and tempered cast steel, the medium carbon quenched and tempered cast steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.30-0.37% of C, 0-0.60% of Si, 0.50-0.80% of Mn, 0-0.025% of P, 0-0.020% of S, 0.80-1.20% of Cr, 0.15-0.30% of Mo and the balance of Cu or other impurities; the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing a groove: a U-shaped groove is formed in the defect position of the steel, when the depth of the defect is within 30mm, the radius of the root of the groove is 6mm, and the angle of the groove is 20 degrees; when the depth of the defect is more than 30mm, the radius of the root part of the groove is 10mm, and the angle of the groove is 30 degrees;
step 2: calculating the preheating temperature, preheating the steel groove, wherein the preheating temperature is calculated by the following formula:
T＝697×CET+160×tanh(d/35)+62×HD0.35+(53×CET-32)×Q-278(℃)，
wherein CET ═ C + (Mn + Mo)/10+ (Cr + Cu)/20+ Ni/40;
t is the preheating temperature and the unit is;
CET is carbon equivalent, ranging from 0.2% to 0.5%;
d is the thickness of the casting in mm;
HD is the content of diffused hydrogen of the welding material, and the unit is ml/100 g;
q is welding line energy, and the unit is KJ/mm;
and step 3: solid argon-rich arc welding is selected, the strength of the welding wire is matched with the strength of steel products with the same strength, and the mark is ER76-G, so that the surface of the welding wire is ensured to have no oil stain and rust: wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the backing welding process parameters are as follows: the welding current I is 200-240A, the welding voltage U is 22-26V, the welding speed is 20-27cm/min, and the welding line energy is 0.78-1.50 KJ/mm;
the filling and cover weld bead welding process parameters are as follows: the welding current I is 240-280A, the welding voltage U is 24-30V, the welding speed is 27-32cm/min, and the welding line energy is 0.86-1.49 KJ/mm;
covering a heat preservation blanket for heat preservation after welding;
and 4, step 4: postweld heat treatment: performing postweld heat treatment by adopting a stress relief annealing mode, wherein the annealing temperature is 20-50 ℃ lower than the tempering temperature of the casting body, the heat preservation time is performed according to the heat preservation time of 1 hour per 25mm of the thickness of the casting body, and the heating and cooling rates are both less than or equal to 150 ℃/h;
and 5: cooling and detecting: and after the casting body is cooled to room temperature, carrying out magnetic powder and ultrasonic detection.
In the welding method of the carbon quenched and tempered cast steel, in the step 2, any one of the modes of integral furnace heating, resistance ceramic heating plate heating and flame heating is selected for preheating.
According to the welding method of the carbon quenched and tempered cast steel, when flame heating is carried out, slow fire is used for heating from the back of the defect, and welding can be carried out after the temperature of the groove side reaches the preheating temperature.
The welding method of the carbon quenched and tempered cast steel is different from the prior art in that the cast steel is welded in a quenched and tempered state, the influence of chemical components of a steel plate, the content of diffusible hydrogen in welding materials, the plate thickness and the energy of a welding line is comprehensively considered at the preheating temperature, the selected welding materials are matched with a casting body in equal strength, the adopted welding process parameters are verified by the evaluation of a welding process, the residual stress at a repair welding position is greatly reduced through slow cooling after welding and stress relief annealing after welding, and the defects of cracks and the like after welding are avoided.
The welding method of the carbon quenched and tempered cast steel of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a groove diagram of the method for welding carbon-quenched and tempered cast steel according to the present invention, in which the depth of defect is 30mm or less.
FIG. 2 is a groove diagram of the welding method of carbon quenched and tempered cast steel of the present invention in which the depth of defect is greater than 30 mm.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments that can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art from the embodiments given herein are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The steel material 1 is selected from the following chemical components:
0.30% of C, 0.50% of Mn, 0.02% of P, 0.02% of S, 0.80% of Cr, 0.15% of Mo, 0.03% of Cu and 0.02% of Ni; the thickness of the steel casting is 100mm, the defect depth is 15mm, and the quenching and tempering temperature is 670 ℃.
The welding method of the medium carbon quenched and tempered cast steel comprises the following steps:
step 1: the preparation of the groove adopts a U-shaped groove, the radius of the root part of the groove is 6mm, and the angle of the groove is 20 degrees (see figure 1).
Step 2: the preheat temperature is calculated by the formula, see the following equation:
T＝697×CET+160×tanh(d/35)+62×HD0.35+(53×CET-32)×Q-278(℃)
wherein CET is carbon equivalent, CET ═ C + (Mn + Mo)/10+ (Cr + Cu)/20+ Ni/40; d is the thickness of the casting; HD is the content of diffused hydrogen of the welding material; and Q is welding line energy, wherein CET is 0.41, d is 100, HD is 5 (the solid welding wire is calculated according to 5), and Q is 0.86 (the minimum welding line energy in the welding process rule), and finally the preheating temperature is 217 ℃ and the integer is 220 ℃.
The preheating can be carried out by any one of the methods of integral furnace feeding heating, resistance ceramic heating sheets and flame heating, when the heating is carried out by flame, slow fire is used for heating from the back of the defect, and welding can be carried out after the temperature of the groove side reaches the preheating temperature.
And step 3: the welding is carried out by adopting equal-strength matched solid welding wires, and the grade of the welding wires is ER76-G, so that the surfaces of the welding wires are ensured to be free of oil stains and rust. The parameters of the backing welding process are that the welding current I is 200-240A, the welding voltage U is 22-26V, the welding speed is 20-27cm/min, and the welding line energy is 0.78-1.50 KJ/mm. The parameters of the filling and cover bead welding process are that the welding current I is 240-280A, the welding voltage U is 24-30V, the welding speed is 27-32cm/min, and the welding line energy is 0.86-1.49 KJ/mm. And covering a heat preservation blanket in time after welding for heat preservation.
And 4, step 4: in order to fully eliminate the welding stress of the repair welding thickness of the casting body, postweld heat treatment is carried out in a stress relief annealing mode, the annealing temperature is 620 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4h, and the heating and cooling rates are both less than or equal to 150 ℃/h.
And 5: and after the casting body is cooled to room temperature, carrying out magnetic powder, ultrasonic wave and hardness detection on the repair welding area.
The detection result proves that the repair welding area has no defects of cracks, unfused fusion and the like, and the hardness value of the repair welding area does not exceed the standard.
Example 2
The steel 2 is selected to have the following chemical components:
0.37% of C, 0.80% of Mn, 0.02% of P, 0.02% of S, 1.20% of Cr, 0.30% of Mo, 0.03% of Cu and 0.02% of Ni; the thickness of the steel casting is 100mm, the defect depth is 15mm, and the quenching and tempering temperature is 670 ℃.
The welding method of the medium carbon quenched and tempered cast steel comprises the following steps:
step 1: the preparation of the groove adopts a U-shaped groove, the radius of the root part of the groove is 6mm, and the angle of the groove is 20 degrees (see figure 1).
Step 2: the preheat temperature is calculated by the formula, see the following equation:
T＝697×CET+160×tanh(d/35)+62×HD0.35+(53×CET-32)×Q-278(℃)
wherein CET is carbon equivalent, CET ═ C + (Mn + Mo)/10+ (Cr + Cu)/20+ Ni/40; d is the thickness of the casting; HD is the content of diffused hydrogen of the welding material; q is the weld line energy, and by calculation, CET is 0.54, d is 100, HD is 5 (solid wire calculated as 5), and Q is 0.86 (minimum weld line energy in the welding process rule), the preheating temperature is 313 ℃ and the integer is 320 ℃.
The preheating can be carried out by any method of integral furnace feeding heating, resistance ceramic heating sheets and flame heating, when the heating is carried out by the flame, slow fire is used for heating from the back of the defect, and welding can be carried out after the temperature of the groove side reaches the preheating temperature.
And step 3: the welding is carried out by adopting equal-strength matched solid welding wires, and the grade of the welding wires is ER76-G, so that the surfaces of the welding wires are ensured to be free of oil stains and rust. The parameters of the backing welding process are that the welding current I is 200-240A, the welding voltage U is 22-26V, the welding speed is 20-27cm/min, and the welding line energy is 0.78-1.50 KJ/mm. The parameters of the filling and cover bead welding process are that the welding current I is 240-280A, the welding voltage U is 24-30V, the welding speed is 27-32cm/min, and the welding line energy is 0.86-1.49 KJ/mm. And covering a heat preservation blanket in time after welding for heat preservation.
And 4, step 4: in order to fully eliminate the welding stress of the repair welding thickness of the casting body, postweld heat treatment is carried out in a stress relief annealing mode, the annealing temperature is 620 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4h, and the heating and cooling rates are both less than or equal to 150 ℃/h.
And 5: and after the casting body is cooled to room temperature, carrying out magnetic powder, ultrasonic wave and hardness detection on the repair welding area. The detection result proves that the repair welding area has no defects of cracks, unfused fusion and the like, and the hardness value of the repair welding area does not exceed the standard.
Example 3
The steel material 1 is selected from the following chemical components:
0.35% of C, 0.60% of Mn, 0-0.02% of P, 0-0.02% of S, 0.93% of Cr, 0.18% of Mo and 0% of Cu; the thickness of the steel casting is 100mm, the defect depth is 15mm, and the quenching and tempering temperature is 670 ℃.
The welding method of the medium carbon quenched and tempered cast steel comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing a groove by adopting a U-shaped groove, wherein the radius of the root part of the groove is 6mm, and the angle of the groove is 20 degrees.
Step 2: the preheat temperature is calculated by the formula, see the following equation:
T＝697×CET+160×tanh(d/35)+62×HD0.35+(53×CET-32)×Q-278(℃)
wherein CET ═ C + (Mn + Mo)/10+ (Cr + Cu)/20+ Ni/40; d is the thickness of the casting; HD is the content of diffused hydrogen of the welding material; and Q is welding line energy, wherein CET is 0.47, d is 100, HD is 5 (the solid welding wire is calculated according to 5), and Q is 0.78 (the minimum welding line energy in the welding process rule), and finally, the preheating temperature is 261 ℃ and the integer is 270 ℃.
Preheating can be carried out by any mode of integrally feeding into a furnace for heating, heating by using a resistance ceramic heating sheet and heating by using flame, and when the flame is heated by using the flame, slow fire is used for heating from the back of a defect, and after the temperature of the side of the groove reaches the preheating temperature, welding can be carried out.
And step 3: the welding is carried out by adopting equal-strength matched solid welding wires, and the grade of the welding wires is ER76-G, so that the surfaces of the welding wires are ensured to be free of oil stains and rust. The parameters of the backing welding process are that the welding current I is 200-240A, the welding voltage U is 22-26V, the welding speed is 20-27cm/min, and the welding line energy is 0.78-1.50 KJ/mm. The parameters of the filling and cover bead welding process are that the welding current I is 240-280A, the welding voltage U is 24-30V, the welding speed is 27-32cm/min, and the welding line energy is 0.86-1.49 KJ/mm. And covering a heat preservation blanket in time after welding for heat preservation.
And 4, step 4: in order to fully eliminate the welding stress after the repair welding of the casting body, the postweld heat treatment is carried out by adopting a stress relief annealing mode, the annealing temperature is 620 ℃, the heat preservation time is 4h, and the heating and cooling rates are both less than or equal to 150 ℃/h.
And 5: and after the casting body is cooled to room temperature, carrying out magnetic powder and ultrasonic detection.
The detection result proves that the repair welding area has no defects of cracks, unfused fusion and the like, and the hardness value of the repair welding area does not exceed the standard.
In the welding method of the carbon quenched and tempered cast steel, when the depth of the defect is greater than 30mm, the radius of the root of the groove is 10mm, the angle of the groove is 30 degrees, and the angle is shown in figure 2.
According to the welding method of the carbon quenched and tempered cast steel, the welding is carried out in a quenched and tempered state, the influence of chemical components of a steel plate, the content of diffused hydrogen of welding materials, the plate thickness and the energy of a welding line is comprehensively considered at the preheating temperature, the selected welding materials are matched with a casting body in strength, the adopted welding process parameters are verified by the evaluation of a welding process, the residual stress of a repair welding position is greatly reduced through slow cooling after welding and stress relief annealing after welding, and the defects of cracks and the like after welding are avoided.
It will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that the above examples are only illustrative of one specific embodiment of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A welding method of medium carbon quenched and tempered cast steel is characterized in that:
the medium carbon quenched and tempered cast steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.30-0.37% of C, 0-0.60% of Si, 0.50-0.80% of Mn, 0-0.025% of P, 0-0.020% of S, 0.80-1.20% of Cr, 0.15-0.30% of Mo and the balance of Cu or other impurities;
the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing a groove: a U-shaped groove is formed in the defect position of the steel, when the depth of the defect is within 30mm, the radius of the root of the groove is 6mm, and the angle of the groove is 20 degrees; when the depth of the defect is more than 30mm, the radius of the root part of the groove is 10mm, and the angle of the groove is 30 degrees;
step 2: calculating the preheating temperature, preheating the steel groove, wherein the preheating temperature is calculated by the following formula:
T＝697×CET+160×tanh(d/35)+62×HD0.35+(53×CET-32)×Q-278(℃)，
wherein CET ═ C + (Mn + Mo)/10+ (Cr + Cu)/20+ Ni/40;
t is the preheating temperature and the unit is;
CET is carbon equivalent, ranging from 0.2% to 0.5%;
d is the thickness of the casting in mm;
HD is the content of diffused hydrogen of the welding material, and the unit is ml/100 g;
q is welding line energy, and the unit is KJ/mm;
and step 3: solid argon-rich arc welding is selected, the strength of the welding wire is matched with the strength of steel products with the same strength, and the mark is ER76-G, so that the surface of the welding wire is ensured to have no oil stain and rust: wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the backing welding process parameters are as follows: the welding current I is 200-240A, the welding voltage U is 22-26V, the welding speed is 20-27cm/min, and the welding line energy is 0.78-1.50 KJ/mm;
the filling and cover weld bead welding process parameters are as follows: the welding current I is 240-280A, the welding voltage U is 24-30V, the welding speed is 27-32cm/min, and the welding line energy is 0.86-1.49 KJ/mm;
covering a heat preservation blanket for heat preservation after welding;
and 4, step 4: postweld heat treatment: performing postweld heat treatment by adopting a stress relief annealing mode, wherein the annealing temperature is 20-50 ℃ lower than the tempering temperature of the casting body, the heat preservation time is performed according to the heat preservation time of 1 hour per 25mm of the thickness of the casting body, and the heating and cooling rates are both less than or equal to 150 ℃/h;
and 5: cooling and detecting: and after the casting body is cooled to room temperature, carrying out magnetic powder and ultrasonic detection.
2. A welding method of medium carbon quenched and tempered cast steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 2, any one of the modes of integral furnace heating, resistance ceramic heating sheet heating and flame heating is selected for preheating.
3. A welding method of medium carbon quenched and tempered cast steel according to claim 2, characterized in that: when the welding device is heated by flame, the welding device is heated from the back of the defect by slow fire, and welding can be carried out after the temperature of the groove side reaches the preheating temperature.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113352708A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-09-07 | 华北电力大学 | Light high-strength Mg-Ta composite metal plate and room-temperature rolling forming method thereof |
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| CN113352708A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-09-07 | 华北电力大学 | Light high-strength Mg-Ta composite metal plate and room-temperature rolling forming method thereof |
| CN113352708B (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2022-02-22 | 华北电力大学 | Light high-strength Mg-Ta composite metal plate and room-temperature rolling forming method thereof |
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