CN112385742A - Production process of low gossypol cottonseed meal - Google Patents
Production process of low gossypol cottonseed meal Download PDFInfo
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- CN112385742A CN112385742A CN202011287393.0A CN202011287393A CN112385742A CN 112385742 A CN112385742 A CN 112385742A CN 202011287393 A CN202011287393 A CN 202011287393A CN 112385742 A CN112385742 A CN 112385742A
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- Prior art keywords
- cotton
- embryo
- cottonseed meal
- steps
- kernels
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- QBKSWRVVCFFDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N gossypol Chemical compound CC(C)C1=C(O)C(O)=C(C=O)C2=C(O)C(C=3C(O)=C4C(C=O)=C(O)C(O)=C(C4=CC=3C)C(C)C)=C(C)C=C21 QBKSWRVVCFFDOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- QHOPXUFELLHKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thespesin Natural products CC(C)c1c(O)c(O)c2C(O)Oc3c(c(C)cc1c23)-c1c2OC(O)c3c(O)c(O)c(C(C)C)c(cc1C)c23 QHOPXUFELLHKAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229930000755 gossypol Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229950005277 gossypol Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001007 puffing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 9
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 108010064851 Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000433 anti-nutritional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000021118 plant-derived protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/21—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by heating without chemical treatment, e.g. steam treatment, cooking
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/20—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification
- A23L5/27—Removal of unwanted matter, e.g. deodorisation or detoxification by chemical treatment, by adsorption or by absorption
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention relates to a production process of low gossypol cottonseed meal, belonging to the technical field of cottonseed processing, comprising the following steps: (1) adding the cotton kernels into an acidic aqueous solution for softening and pressing embryos, and then carrying out extrusion and expansion to obtain cotton embryos; (2) drying the puffed cotton blank by using superheated steam; (3) extracting the cottonseed oil from the dried cotton embryo by using an organic solvent to obtain degreased cotton embryo; (4) and adding water into the degreased cotton embryo, and desolventizing the residue by hot steam to obtain the low gossypol cottonseed meal. The invention has the characteristics of simple process, low production cost and good gossypol removing effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a production process of low gossypol cottonseed meal, belonging to the technical field of cottonseed processing.
Background
At present, about 700 ten thousand tons of cottonseed is produced annually in China, and cottonseed protein is an important plant protein raw material for feeding except bean pulp and rapeseed pulp. The cottonseed protein content is high, the protein content is generally more than 50%, and the protein content can reach more than 60%. Gossypol is the most important anti-nutritional factor in cottonseed protein and is the most important factor influencing the application value of cottonseed protein in feed.
The national requirement limit for free gossypol in cottonseed meal is 1200ppm, and the requirement limit for free gossypol of dephenolized cottonseed protein is 400 ppm. The dephenolized cottonseed protein has low content of free gossypol, and has better application effect in feed formula. However, the dephenolized cottonseed protein is generally extracted by using solvents such as methanol and ethanol, and compared with the common cottonseed meal process, the solvent extraction process is added once, so that the production cost of the product is greatly increased.
At present, the demand of the low gossypol cottonseed protein in the market is increasing day by day, and an economical and efficient low gossypol cottonseed meal production method suitable for large-scale industrial production is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a production process of low gossypol cottonseed meal, which has the advantages of simple process, low production cost and good gossypol removing effect and is particularly suitable for large-scale industrial production.
A production process of low gossypol cottonseed meal comprises the following steps:
(1) adding an acid solution into the cotton kernels for softening and pressing the cotton kernels into embryos, and then extruding and puffing the cotton kernels to obtain cotton embryos;
(2) drying the puffed cotton blank by using superheated steam;
(3) extracting the cottonseed oil from the dried cotton embryo by using an organic solvent to obtain degreased cotton embryo;
(4) and adding water into the degreased cotton embryo, and desolventizing the residue by hot steam to obtain the low gossypol cottonseed meal.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: adding an acid solution in the softening process in the step (1), and adjusting the pH range of the cotton kernels to 3-5 and the moisture content of the cotton kernels to 8-12%.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: introducing direct steam in the extrusion and expansion process in the step (1), wherein the steam pressure is 0.1-0.3 Mpa.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: in the step (2), the pressure of the superheated steam is 0.1-0.4Mpa, and the moisture of the dried cotton embryo is 2-5%.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the organic solvent in the step (3) is a vegetable oil extraction solvent, the material-liquid ratio of the organic solvent to the cotton embryo is 1: 0.5-1: 1, the extraction mode is countercurrent extraction, and the countercurrent extraction times are 6-9.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the water adding amount of the degreased cotton embryo in the step (4) is 5-8% of the weight of the cotton embryo.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: in the step (4), the steam pressure is 0.2-0.4 Mpa.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the production process is simple and the production cost is low. The invention reduces the working procedure of one-step dephenolizing leaching which is required to be added after the degreasing leaching in the prior conventional low gossypol cottonseed meal process, simplifies the working procedures and reduces the solvent consumption by improving the process of the cottonseed pretreatment and drying working procedures.
(2) The dephenolization effect is good. According to the invention, the content of free gossypol can be greatly reduced in the drying process by puffing the cotton kernels and drying the puffed cotton kernels by using superheated steam. Acid water is added in the softening process to adjust the pH value of the cottonseed, so that the combination of free gossypol and protein can be promoted, and the dephenolization effect is further improved. The technical scheme of the invention can reduce the gossypol content in the cottonseed meal to below 400ppm, meet the gossypol control requirement of dephenolized cottonseed protein, improve the safety of the cottonseed meal, expand the application range of the cottonseed meal, and simultaneously has no adverse effect on the yield and the quality of the cottonseed oil.
Detailed Description
A production process of low gossypol cottonseed meal comprises the following steps:
(1) adding an acid solution into the cotton kernels for softening and pressing the cotton kernels into embryos, and then extruding and puffing the cotton kernels to obtain cotton embryos;
(2) drying the puffed cotton blank by using superheated steam;
(3) extracting the cottonseed oil from the dried cotton embryo by using an organic solvent to obtain degreased cotton embryo;
(4) and adding water into the degreased cotton embryo, and desolventizing the residue by hot steam to obtain the low gossypol cottonseed meal. The content of free gossypol in the cottonseed meal is detected according to the GB/T13086 method.
Example 1
Adding acid solution into the cotton seed kernel, adjusting pH to 3, adjusting water content of the cotton seed kernel to 12%, softening and pressing embryo, and introducing direct steam of 0.3Mpa for extrusion and puffing; drying the puffed cotton embryo with 0.4Mpa superheated steam, wherein the water content of the dried cotton embryo is 3%; extracting cottonseed oil for 7 times by countercurrent extraction with vegetable oil extraction solvent with feed-liquid ratio of 1:0.8 after drying; and adding water accounting for 8% of the weight of the cotton embryo into the degreased cotton embryo, and desolventizing the residue by superheated steam of 0.4Mpa to obtain the low gossypol cottonseed meal with the free gossypol content of 236 ppm.
Example 2
Adding acid solution into the cotton seed kernel, adjusting pH to 5 and water content of the cotton seed kernel to 8%, softening and pressing embryo, and introducing direct steam of 0.1Mpa for extrusion and puffing; drying the puffed cotton embryo with 0.1Mpa superheated steam, wherein the water content of the dried cotton embryo is 5%; extracting cottonseed oil for 9 times by countercurrent extraction with vegetable oil extraction solvent with feed-liquid ratio of 1:1 after drying; and adding water accounting for 5% of the weight of the cotton embryo into the degreased cotton embryo, and desolventizing the residue by superheated steam of 0.1Mpa to obtain the low gossypol cottonseed meal with the free gossypol content of 383 ppm.
Example 3
Adding acid solution into the cotton seed kernel, adjusting pH to 4, adjusting water content of the cotton seed kernel to 10%, softening and pressing embryo, and introducing direct steam of 0.2Mpa for extrusion and puffing; drying the puffed cotton embryo with 0.3Mpa superheated steam, wherein the water content of the dried cotton embryo is 2%; extracting cottonseed oil for 6 times by countercurrent extraction with vegetable oil extraction solvent with feed-liquid ratio of 1:0.5 after drying; and adding water accounting for 6% of the weight of the cotton embryo into the degreased cotton embryo, and desolventizing the residue by superheated steam of 0.2Mpa to obtain the low gossypol cottonseed meal with the free gossypol content of 287 ppm.
In the following comparative examples, the gossypol content of the obtained cottonseed meal was determined by comparing example 1 with different experimental conditions.
Comparative example 1
Adding water into the cotton kernels, adjusting the water content of the cotton kernels to be 12%, softening and pressing embryos, and introducing direct steam of 0.3Mpa for extrusion and expansion; drying the puffed cotton embryo with 0.4Mpa indirect steam, wherein the water content of the dried cotton embryo is 3%; extracting cottonseed oil for 7 times by countercurrent extraction with vegetable oil extraction solvent with feed-liquid ratio of 1:0.8 after drying; and (3) desolventizing and residual removing the degreased cotton embryo by using superheated steam of 0.4Mpa to obtain the cottonseed meal with the free gossypol content of 1057 ppm.
Comparative example 2
Adding water into the cotton kernels, adjusting the water content of the cotton kernels to be 12%, softening and pressing embryos, and introducing direct steam of 0.3Mpa for extrusion and expansion; drying the puffed cotton embryo with 0.4Mpa superheated steam, wherein the water content of the dried cotton embryo is 3%; extracting cottonseed oil for 7 times by countercurrent extraction with vegetable oil extraction solvent with feed-liquid ratio of 1:0.8 after drying; and (3) adding water accounting for 8% of the weight of the cotton embryo into the degreased cotton embryo, and desolventizing the cotton embryo with superheated steam of 0.4Mpa to obtain cottonseed meal with the free gossypol content of 621 ppm.
Comparative example 3: adding acid solution into the cotton seed kernel, adjusting pH to 3, adjusting water content of the cotton seed kernel to 12%, softening and pressing embryo, and introducing direct steam of 0.3Mpa for extrusion and puffing; drying the puffed cotton embryo with 0.4Mpa indirect steam, wherein the water content of the dried cotton embryo is 3%; extracting cottonseed oil for 7 times by countercurrent extraction with vegetable oil extraction solvent with feed-liquid ratio of 1:0.8 after drying; adding water accounting for 8% of the weight of the cotton embryo into the degreased cotton embryo, and desolventizing the residue by superheated steam of 0.4Mpa to obtain cottonseed meal with free gossypol content of 735 ppm.
Comparative example 4: adding acid solution into the cotton seed kernel, adjusting pH to 3, adjusting water content of the cotton seed kernel to 12%, softening and pressing embryo, and introducing direct steam of 0.3Mpa for extrusion and puffing; drying the puffed cotton embryo with 0.4Mpa superheated steam, wherein the water content of the dried cotton embryo is 3%; extracting cottonseed oil for 7 times by countercurrent extraction with vegetable oil extraction solvent with feed-liquid ratio of 1:0.8 after drying; and (3) desolventizing and residual removing the degreased cotton embryo by using superheated steam of 0.4Mpa to obtain cottonseed meal with free gossypol content of 636 ppm.
Table 1 comparison of the gossypol content in example 1 and comparative examples
From the above experiments, it can be seen that the gossypol content of the cottonseed meal obtained according to the experimental conditions of the present invention is the lowest.
Claims (7)
1. A production process of low gossypol cottonseed meal is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) adding an acid solution into the cotton kernels for softening and pressing the cotton kernels into embryos, and then extruding and puffing the cotton kernels to obtain cotton embryos; (2) drying the puffed cotton blank by using superheated steam; (3) extracting the cottonseed oil from the dried cotton embryo by using an organic solvent to obtain degreased cotton embryo; (4) and adding water into the degreased cotton embryo, and desolventizing the residue by hot steam to obtain the low gossypol cottonseed meal.
2. The process for producing low gossypol cottonseed meal according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: adding an acid solution in the softening process in the step (1), and adjusting the pH range of the cotton kernels to 3-5 and the moisture content of the cotton kernels to 8-12%.
3. The process for producing low gossypol cottonseed meal according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: introducing direct steam in the extrusion and expansion process in the step (1), wherein the steam pressure is 0.1-0.3 Mpa.
4. The process for producing low gossypol cottonseed meal according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the pressure of the superheated steam is 0.1-0.4Mpa, and the moisture of the dried cotton embryo is 2-5%.
5. The process for producing low gossypol cottonseed meal according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the organic solvent in the step (3) is a vegetable oil extraction solvent, the material-liquid ratio of the organic solvent to the cotton embryo is 1: 0.5-1: 1, the extraction mode is countercurrent extraction, and the countercurrent extraction times are 6-9.
6. The process for producing low gossypol cottonseed meal according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the water adding amount of the degreased cotton embryo in the step (4) is 5-8% of the weight of the cotton embryo.
7. The process for producing low gossypol cottonseed meal according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the steam pressure is 0.2-0.4 Mpa.
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CN202011287393.0A CN112385742B (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2020-11-17 | Production process of low gossypol cottonseed meal |
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CN202011287393.0A CN112385742B (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2020-11-17 | Production process of low gossypol cottonseed meal |
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Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4546004A (en) * | 1981-02-02 | 1985-10-08 | The Texas A&M University System | Method of producing low-gossypol cottonseed protein material |
US5112637A (en) * | 1990-11-05 | 1992-05-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Extraction of gossypol from cottonseed |
CN101785527A (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2010-07-28 | 晨光生物科技集团股份有限公司 | Method for preparing dephenolization cottonseed protein and raffinose |
CN107232387A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2017-10-10 | 湖南欣瑞生物科技有限公司 | A kind of extracting method of cottonseed protein |
-
2020
- 2020-11-17 CN CN202011287393.0A patent/CN112385742B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4546004A (en) * | 1981-02-02 | 1985-10-08 | The Texas A&M University System | Method of producing low-gossypol cottonseed protein material |
US5112637A (en) * | 1990-11-05 | 1992-05-12 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Extraction of gossypol from cottonseed |
CN101785527A (en) * | 2009-12-22 | 2010-07-28 | 晨光生物科技集团股份有限公司 | Method for preparing dephenolization cottonseed protein and raffinose |
CN107232387A (en) * | 2016-07-18 | 2017-10-10 | 湖南欣瑞生物科技有限公司 | A kind of extracting method of cottonseed protein |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
马云肖等: "浅谈棉籽膨化浸出及棉籽棉粕脱酚生产工艺", 《中国油脂》 * |
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